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Singh A, Kumari M, Haldar D, Kumari R, Ranjan N, Prasad R. Evaluation of the Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 and Its Role in Differentiating Low-Grade and High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e62567. [PMID: 39027756 PMCID: PMC11255390 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common malignancy, predominantly affecting males. Many tumor cells use the interaction between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death receptor (PD-1) to inactivate T-cells in the microenvironment and evade host immune response. Our study aims to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 in UC and correlate its expression with histomorphological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS After obtaining approval from the Institute Ethics Committee, we conducted a prospective observational study on transurethral resection of urinary bladder tumor (TURBT) and cystectomy specimens histopathologically diagnosed as UC between 2022 and 2023, comprising 50 cases. All standard protocol was followed and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done using PD-L1 with rabbit anti-human PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (Clone: IHC411; Biogenics Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA). Results: Among the 50 cases of UC, the majority were papillary type (35 cases), high grade (28 cases), and non-muscle invasive (30 cases). Among the cases studied, 15 of them showed PD-L1 positivity; 55% of the cases of muscle-invasive bladder cancer were found to be positive for PD-L1 out of which the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression by IHC staining can differentiate between muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive UC cases. This observation allows for further exploring the potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy, especially in muscle-invasive cases of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushweta Singh
- Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Mamta Kumari
- Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Debaditya Haldar
- Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Roushni Kumari
- Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Nikhil Ranjan
- Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Rajnikant Prasad
- Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) Patna, Patna, IND
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2
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Damare R, Engle K, Kumar G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling pathways by natural products: A mechanistic insight. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2406-2447. [PMID: 38433568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that maintains normal tissues and cell signaling pathways. EGFR is overactivated and overexpressed in many malignancies, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and kidney. Further, the EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression activate downstream signaling pathways in cancerous cells, stimulating the growth, survival, resistance to apoptosis, and progression of tumors. Anti-EGFR therapy is the potential approach for treating malignancies and has demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancers. The recent report suggests most of the clinically used EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed resistance to the cancer cells. This perspective provides a brief overview of EGFR and its implications in cancer. We have summarized natural products-derived anticancer compounds with the mechanistic basis of tumor inhibition via the EGFR pathway. We propose that developing natural lead molecules into new anticancer agents has a bright future after clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Damare
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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3
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Grumberg V, Cotté FE, Giroux-Leprieur E, Gaudin AF, Lebbé C, Borget I. Clinical benefit of anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapies in advanced cancer in France: a population-based estimate from 2014 to 2021. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102240. [PMID: 38335904 PMCID: PMC10937192 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, the potential benefit of new treatments is initially evaluated by the Haute Autorité de Santé to determine reimbursement and pricing, but rarely afterwards. Although immunotherapies (ITs) have considerably improved the survival of patients, few data are available on their long-term benefit at a population-treated level. The present retrospective study aimed to assess the clinical benefit of ITs compared to the previous standards of care (SoCs) in France from 2014 to 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS To do this, we analyzed all ITs from the anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 [anti-PD-(L)1] class used in monotherapy or in association with another treatment available in early access or reimbursed in France between 2014 and 2021, regardless of indication. The number of patients initiating an IT was retrieved by year, drug and indication. Using extrapolated Kaplan-Meier curves, utility scores and the population treated, the clinical benefit was expressed as the number of deaths prevented (DP), life-years (LYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained compared to previous SoC. RESULTS Across the period, five ITs were marketed in 21 indications related to eight primary tumor sites. Between 2014 and 2021, 132 924 patients initiated an IT. By December 2021, 16 173 (13 804-17 141) deaths were delayed compared to previous SoC, mainly in lung cancer. Compared to their SoC, ITs provided a gain of 37 316 (33 581-41 048) additional LYs and 27 709 (23 784-30 450) additional QALYs. Lung cancer was the driver indication with 70.6% of LYs and 68.4% of QALYs gained followed by melanoma with 18.7% and 20.4% of the gain, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Significant gains in DP, LYs and QALYs have been observed in France following the introduction of ITs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grumberg
- Bristol Myers Squibb France, Rueil-Malmaison; Oncostat, U1018, CESP, Inserm, Paris-Saclay University, 'Ligue Contre le Cancer' Team, Villejuif.
| | - F-E Cotté
- Bristol Myers Squibb France, Rueil-Malmaison
| | - E Giroux-Leprieur
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, EA4340, APHP-Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne Billancourt
| | - A-F Gaudin
- Bristol Myers Squibb France, Rueil-Malmaison
| | - C Lebbé
- Université Paris Cite, APHP Dermato-oncology, Cancer Institute APHP Nord Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - I Borget
- Oncostat, U1018, CESP, Inserm, Paris-Saclay University, 'Ligue Contre le Cancer' Team, Villejuif; Biostatistics and Epidemiology Office, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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4
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Kim Y, Lee HM. CRISPR-Cas System Is an Effective Tool for Identifying Drug Combinations That Provide Synergistic Therapeutic Potential in Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:2593. [PMID: 37998328 PMCID: PMC10670858 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts, the therapeutic advancement for neuroblastoma and other cancer treatments is still ongoing due to multiple challenges, such as the increasing prevalence of cancers and therapy resistance development in tumors. To overcome such obstacles, drug combinations are one of the promising applications. However, identifying and implementing effective drug combinations are critical for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Given the enormous possibilities of combinations, a rational approach is required to predict the impact of drug combinations. Thus, CRISPR-Cas-based and other approaches, such as high-throughput pharmacological and genetic screening approaches, have been used to identify possible drug combinations. In particular, the CRISPR-Cas system (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a powerful tool that enables us to efficiently identify possible drug combinations that can improve treatment outcomes by reducing the total search space. In this review, we discuss the rational approaches to identifying, examining, and predicting drug combinations and their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeong-Min Lee
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
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5
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Price ME, Gordon S, Emmitt C, Ndugga N, Kabdiyeva A, Mull H, Pizer S, Garrido MM. Growth of community-based immunotherapy treatment in the Veterans Health Administration. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18110-18119. [PMID: 37519258 PMCID: PMC10524003 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MISSION and CHOICE Acts expanded the Veterans Health Administration's (VA) capacity to purchase immunotherapy services for VA patients from community-based providers. Our objective was to identify predictors of community-based immunotherapy treatment, and assess differences in cost and utilization across community treatment settings METHODS: We examined claims for 21,257 patients who started immunotherapy treatment between 2015 and 2020. We assessed growth in VA community-based immunotherapy care, predictors of community-based immunotherapy treatment using multivariable logistic regression based on patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We compared utilization and costs among those who received community-based immunotherapy services in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) versus physician office settings (POs). RESULTS The proportion of community-based immunotherapy in the VA increased from 5.3% in 2015 to 32.1% in 2020, with total annual costs of immunotherapy growing from $6.1 million to $187 million. Older, married, and rural patients and those with more comorbidities were more likely than younger, single, or urban patients to be treated in the community. Black patients were more likely to be treated in the VA. Respiratory Cancer was the most common cancer type in both settings. Among community immunotherapy patients, we observed no meaningful differences in the number of units administered, the unit drug costs, or the cost per immunotherapy visit between POs and HOPDs. CONCLUSION Drug costs did not differ widely across HOPDs and POs among VA patients who receive community-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Gordon
- VA Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Caroline Emmitt
- VA Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nambi Ndugga
- VA Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Hillary Mull
- VA Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven Pizer
- VA Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Melissa M. Garrido
- VA Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Lekshmy M, Dhanya CR, Smrithi JS, Sindhurani JA, Vandanamthadathil JJ, Veettil JT, Anila L, Lathakumari VS, Nayar AM, Madhavan M. Peptide Vaccines as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agents for Female-Specific Cancers: The Current Landscape. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1054. [PMID: 37513965 PMCID: PMC10383774 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and gynecologic cancers are significant global threats to women's health and those living with the disease require lifelong physical, financial, and social support from their families, healthcare providers, and society as a whole. Cancer vaccines offer a promising means of inducing long-lasting immune response against the disease. Among various types of cancer vaccines available, peptide vaccines offer an effective strategy to elicit specific anti-tumor immune responses. Peptide vaccines have been developed based on tumor associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor specific neoantigens which can also be of viral origin. Molecular alterations in HER2 and non-HER2 genes are established to be involved in the pathogenesis of female-specific cancers and hence were exploited for the development of peptide vaccines against these diseases, most of which are in the latter stages of clinical trials. However, prophylactic vaccines for viral induced cancers, especially those against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection are well established. This review discusses therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for various types of female-specific cancers such as breast cancer and gynecologic cancers with special emphasis on peptide vaccines. We also present a pipeline for the design and evaluation of a multiepitope peptide vaccine that can be active against female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Lekshmy
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram 695586, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leelamma Anila
- Department of Biochemistry, NSS College, Nilamel, Kollam 691535, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu Sasidharan Lathakumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Industrial Microbiology, Sree Narayana College for Women, Kollam 691001, Kerala, India
| | - Adhira M Nayar
- Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram 695004, Kerala, India
| | - Maya Madhavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
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7
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Dagar G, Gupta A, Masoodi T, Nisar S, Merhi M, Hashem S, Chauhan R, Dagar M, Mirza S, Bagga P, Kumar R, Akil ASAS, Macha MA, Haris M, Uddin S, Singh M, Bhat AA. Harnessing the potential of CAR-T cell therapy: progress, challenges, and future directions in hematological and solid tumor treatments. J Transl Med 2023; 21:449. [PMID: 37420216 PMCID: PMC10327392 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatments use nonspecific drugs and monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, however, leverages the immune system's T-cells to recognize and attack tumor cells. T-cells are isolated from patients and modified to target tumor-associated antigens. CAR-T therapy has achieved FDA approval for treating blood cancers like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma by targeting CD-19 and B-cell maturation antigens. Bi-specific chimeric antigen receptors may contribute to mitigating tumor antigen escape, but their efficacy could be limited in cases where certain tumor cells do not express the targeted antigens. Despite success in blood cancers, CAR-T technology faces challenges in solid tumors, including lack of reliable tumor-associated antigens, hypoxic cores, immunosuppressive tumor environments, enhanced reactive oxygen species, and decreased T-cell infiltration. To overcome these challenges, current research aims to identify reliable tumor-associated antigens and develop cost-effective, tumor microenvironment-specific CAR-T cells. This review covers the evolution of CAR-T therapy against various tumors, including hematological and solid tumors, highlights challenges faced by CAR-T cell therapy, and suggests strategies to overcome these obstacles, such as utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing and artificial intelligence to optimize clinical-grade CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manisha Dagar
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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8
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Zhao C, Wang D, Li Z, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Liu J, Lei Q, Han D, Huo Y, Liu S, Li L, Zhang Y. IL8 derived from macrophages inhibits CD8 + T-cell function by downregulating TIM3 expression through IL8-CXCR2 axis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110457. [PMID: 37331296 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) is a vital immune checkpoint that regulates the immune response. However, the specific role of TIM3 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of TIM3 on CD8+ T cells in CRC and explored the mechanism of TIM3 regulation in tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Peripheral blood and tumor tissues of patients with CRC were collected to evaluate TIM3 expression using flow cytometry. Cytokines in the serum of healthy donors and patients with early- and advanced-stage CRC were screened using a multiplex assay. The effects of interleukin-8 (IL8) on TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells were analyzed using cell incubation experiments in vitro. The correlation between TIM3 or IL8 and prognosis was verified using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells was obviously reduced in patients with advanced-stage CRC, whereas a lower TIM3 expression level was associated with poorer prognosis. Macrophage-derived IL8, which could inhibit TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells, was significantly increased in the serum of patients with advanced CRC. In addition, the function and proliferation of CD8+ and TIM3+CD8+ T cells were inhibited by IL8, which was partly depending on TIM3 expression. The inhibitory effects of IL8 were reversed by anti-IL8 and anti-CXCR2 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS In summary, macrophages-derived IL8 suppresses TIM3 expression on CD8+ T cells through CXCR2. Targeting the IL8/CXCR2 axis may be an effective strategy for treating patients with advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qingyang Lei
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dong Han
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yachang Huo
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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Zarrabi M, Hamilton C, French SW, Federman N, Nowicki TS. Successful treatment of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor associated autoimmune hepatitis with basiliximab: a case report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156746. [PMID: 37325672 PMCID: PMC10262312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its corresponding ligand PD-L1 are being increasingly used for a wide variety of cancers, including refractory sarcomas. Autoimmune hepatitis is a known side effect of ICIs, and is typically managed with broad, non-specific immunosuppression. Here, we report a case of severe autoimmune hepatitis occurring after anti-PD-1 therapy with nivolumab in a patient with osteosarcoma. Following prolonged unsuccessful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, everolimus, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and anti-thymoglobulin, the patient was eventually treated with the anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody basiliximab. This resulted in prompt, sustained resolution of her hepatitis without significant side effects. Our case demonstrates that basiliximab may be an effective therapy for steroid-refractory severe ICI-associated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiah Zarrabi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Camille Hamilton
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samuel W. French
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Noah Federman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore S. Nowicki
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics (MIMG), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Christodoulou MI, Zaravinos A. Single-Cell Analysis in Immuno-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098422. [PMID: 37176128 PMCID: PMC10178969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the cellular and non-cellular milieu surrounding human tumors plays a decisive role in the course and outcome of disease. The high variability in the distribution of the immune and non-immune compartments within the tumor microenvironments (TME) among different patients governs the mode of their response or resistance to current immunotherapeutic approaches. Through deciphering this diversity, one can tailor patients' management to meet an individual's needs. Single-cell (sc) omics technologies have given a great boost towards this direction. This review gathers recent data about how multi-omics profiling, including the utilization of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (scATAC-seq), T-cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-seq), mass, tissue-based, or microfluidics cytometry, and related bioinformatics tools, contributes to the high-throughput assessment of a large number of analytes at single-cell resolution. Unravelling the exact TCR clonotype of the infiltrating T cells or pinpointing the classical or novel immune checkpoints across various cell subsets of the TME provide a boost to our comprehension of adaptive immune responses, their antigen specificity and dynamics, and grant suggestions for possible therapeutic targets. Future steps are expected to merge high-dimensional data with tissue localization data, which can serve the investigation of novel multi-modal biomarkers for the selection and/or monitoring of the optimal treatment from the current anti-cancer immunotherapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Ioanna Christodoulou
- Tumor Immunology and Biomarkers Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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11
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Zhao B, Wu J, Li H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xing H, Wang Y, Ma W. Recent advances and future challenges of tumor vaccination therapy for recurrent glioblastoma. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 37046332 PMCID: PMC10091563 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant CNS tumor with a highest incidence rate, and most patients would undergo a recurrence. Recurrent GBM (rGBM) shows an increasing resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to a significantly poorer prognosis and the urgent need for novel treatments. Immunotherapy, a rapidly developing anti-tumor therapy in recent years, has shown its potential value in rGBM. Recent studies on PD-1 immunotherapy and CAR-T therapy have shown some efficacy, but the outcome was not as expected. Tumor vaccination is the oldest approach of immunotherapies, which has returned to the research focus because of the failure of other strategies and subversive understanding of CNS. The isolation effect of blood brain barrier and the immunosuppressive cell infiltration could lead to resistance existing in all phases of the anti-tumor immune response, where novel tumor vaccines have been designed to overcome these problems through new tumor antigenic targets and regulatory of the systematic immune response. In this review, the immunological characteristics of CNS and GBM would be discussed and summarized, as well as the mechanism of each novel tumor vaccine for rGBM. And through the review of completed early-phase studies and ongoing large-scale phase III clinical trials, evaluation could be conducted for potential immune response, biosecurity and initial clinical outcome, which further draw a panorama of this vital research field and provide some deep thoughts for the prospective tendency of vaccination strategy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanzhang Li
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xing
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Qu Y, Shen F, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Huang H, Xu Y, Li Q, Zhu X, Sun L. Applications of Functional DNA Materials in Immunomodulatory Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45079-45095. [PMID: 36171537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale or microscale functional materials derived from DNA have shown great potential for immunotherapy as superior delivery carriers. DNA nanostructures with excellent programmability and addressability enable the precise assembly of molecules or nanoparticles. DNA hydrogels have predictable structures and adjustable mechanical strength, thus being advantageous in controllable release of cargos. In addition, utilizing systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology, a variety of DNA aptamers have been screened for specific recognition of ions, molecules, and even cells. Moreover, a wide variety of chemical modifications can further enrich the function of DNA. The unique advantages of functional DNA materials make them extremely attractive in immunomodulation. Recently, functional DNA materials-based immunotherapy has shown great potential in fighting against many diseases like cancer, viral infection, and inflammation. Therefore, in this review, we focus on discussing the progress of the applications of functional DNA materials in immunotherapy; before that, we also summarize the characteristics of the functional DNA materials descried above. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future opportunities of functional DNA materials in immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fengyun Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lele Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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13
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Nadukkandy AS, Ganjoo E, Singh A, Dinesh Kumar L. Tracing New Landscapes in the Arena of Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.911063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, unique and comprehensive cancer treatment has ushered new hope in the holistic management of the disease. Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system of the patient to attack the cancer cells in a targeted manner, scores over others by being less debilitating compared to the existing treatment strategies. Significant advancements in the knowledge of immune surveillance in the last few decades have led to the development of several types of immune therapy like monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell transfer therapy or adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune system modulators. Intensive research has established cancer immunotherapy to be a safe and effective method for improving survival and the quality of a patient’s life. However, numerous issues with respect to site-specific delivery, resistance to immunotherapy, and escape of cancer cells from immune responses, need to be addressed for expanding and utilizing this therapy as a regular mode in the clinical treatment. Development in the field of nanotechnology has augmented the therapeutic efficiency of treatment modalities of immunotherapy. Nanocarriers could be used as vehicles because of their advantages such as increased surface areas, targeted delivery, controlled surface and release chemistry, enhanced permeation and retention effect, etc. They could enhance the function of immune cells by incorporating immunomodulatory agents that influence the tumor microenvironment, thus enabling antitumor immunity. Robust validation of the combined effect of nanotechnology and immunotherapy techniques in the clinics has paved the way for a better treatment option for cancer than the already existing procedures such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current applications of nanoparticles in the development of ‘smart’ cancer immunotherapeutic agents like ACT, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, their site-specific delivery, and modulation of other endogenous immune cells. We also highlight the immense possibilities of using nanotechnology to accomplish leveraging the coordinated and adaptive immune system of a patient to tackle the complexity of treating unique disease conditions and provide future prospects in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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14
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Gao LM, Zhang YH, Shi X, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang WY, Liu WP. The Role of PD-L1 Expression in Prediction and Stratification of Recurrent or Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:821918. [PMID: 35619907 PMCID: PMC9128790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.821918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The clinical outcome of relapsed and refractory (RR) extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is poor. It is necessary to identify RR patients in ENKTL and find novel therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of patients with RR ENKTL. Methods A total of 189 ENKTL patients with effective clinical characteristics were enrolled. Paraffin specimens were collected for PD-L1 expression identification. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was performed for survival analysis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for identifying the mutational characterization of RR and effective treatment (ET) patients. Results Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that negative PD-L1 expression (HR = 1.132, 95% CI = 0.739-1.734, P = 0.036) was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ENKTL. The overall survival (OS) of PD-L1 positive patients was significantly higher than that of PD-L1 negative patients (P = 0.009). Then, we added PD-L1 expression as a risk factor to the model of Prognostic Index of Natural Killer Lymphoma (PINK), and named as PINK+PD-L1. The PINK+PD-L1 model can significantly distinguish RR patients, ET patients, and the whole cohort. Moreover, our data showed that PD-L1 expression was lower than 25% in most RR patients, suggesting that RR subtypes may be associated with low expression of PD-L1 (P = 0.019). According to the whole exome sequencing (WES), we found that the mutation frequencies of JAK-STAT (P = 0.001), PI3K-AKT (P = 0.02) and NF-kappa B (P < 0.001) pathways in RR patients were significantly higher than those in ET patients. Conclusion Patients tend to show RR when PD-L1 expression is lower than 25%. The model of PINK+PD-L1 can stratify the risk of different groups and predict OS in ENKTL patients. The mutational profile of ENKTL patients with RR is different from that of patients with ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Gao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Shi
- Department of Medical Product, OrigiMed, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Product, OrigiMed, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Medical Product, OrigiMed, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Liu X, Chen B, Chen J, Su Z, Sun S. Deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 maintains cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 expression via Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator to augment immune escape and metastasis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1868-1879. [PMID: 35271750 PMCID: PMC9128165 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remains an extremely fatal malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. This study focuses on the roles of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) and cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) in macrophage polarization, immune escape, and metastasis of PAAD. USP10 showed a positive correlation with Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1), which, according to the TCGA-PAAD database, is highly expressed in PAAD and indicates poor patient prognosis. USP10 knockdown increased ubiquitination and degradation of YAP1, which further decreased the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Galectin-9 expression, suppressed immune escape, and reduced the proliferation and metastasis of PAAD cells in vitro and in vivo. Cyr61, a downstream factor of YAP1, was overexpressed in PAAD cells after USP10 silencing for rescue experiments. Overexpression of Cyr61 restored the PD-L1 and Galectin-9 expression in cells and triggered M2 polarization of macrophages, which enhanced the immune escape and maintained the proliferation and metastasis ability of PAAD cells. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that USP10 inhibits YAP1 ubiquitination and degradation to promote Cyr61 expression, which induces immune escape and promotes growth and metastasis of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Bobo Chen
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zuoyuan Su
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shaolong Sun
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Nave O. A mathematical model for treatment using chemo-immunotherapy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09288. [PMID: 35520602 PMCID: PMC9065634 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a mathematical model for chemoimmunotherapy (a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy) for brain cancer. In most cases, the standard protocol for cancer treatment is fixed in terms of treatment time intervals and dosages. We offer a wide range of non-fixed protocols, which essentially vary in terms of time intervals and dosages (i.e., personalised medicine). The functions that describe this treatment are explicit and analytical. Hence, the parameters of the function can be easily changed and a new protocol can be obtained. We compared different protocols and obtained an optimal solution. In addition, we applied the singular perturbed vector field (SPVF) method to determine the hierarchy of the system of equations, which enabled us to identify the equilibrium points of the mathematical model and investigate their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Nave
- Department of Mathematics, Jerusalem College of Technology, Israel
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17
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Grumberg V, Roze S, Chevalier J, Borrill J, Gaudin AF, Branchoux S. A Review of Overall Survival Extrapolations of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors Used in Health Technology Assessments by the French Health Authorities. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2022; 38:e28. [PMID: 35331347 DOI: 10.1017/s0266462322000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extrapolation is often required to inform cost-effectiveness (CE) evaluations of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) since survival data from pivotal clinical trials are seldom complete. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of estimates of long-term overall survival (OS) predicted in French CE assessment reports of ICIs, and to identify models presenting the best fit to the observed long-term survival data. METHODS A systematic review of French assessment reports of ICIs in the metastatic setting since inception until May 2020 was performed. A targeted literature review was conducted to collect associated extended follow-up of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) used in the CE assessment reports. Difference between projected and observed OS was calculated. A range of standard parametric and spline-based models were applied to the extended follow-up data from the RCT to determine the best-fitting survival models. RESULTS Of the 121 CE assessment reports published, 11 reports met the inclusion criteria. OS was underestimated in 73 percent of the CE assessment reports. The mean relative difference between each source was -13 percent (median: -15 percent; IQR: -0.4 to 26 percent). Models providing the best fit were those that could reflect nonmonotonic hazards. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available data at the time of submission, longer-term survival of ICIs was not fully captured by the extrapolation models used in CE assessments. Standard and flexible parametric models which can capture nonmonotonic hazard functions provided the best fit to the extended follow-up data. However, these models may still have performed poorly if fitted to survival data available at the time of submission to the French National Authority for Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Grumberg
- Market access department, Bristol Myers Squibb France, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | | | | | - John Borrill
- WW HEOR, Bristol Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sébastien Branchoux
- Market access department, Bristol Myers Squibb France, Rueil-Malmaison, France
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Schluck M, Eggermont LJ, Weiden J, Popelier C, Weiss L, Pilzecker B, Kolder S, Heinemans A, Rodriguez Mogeda C, Verdoes M, Figdor CG, Hammink R. Dictating Phenotype, Function, and Fate of Human T Cells with Co‐Stimulatory Antibodies Presented by Filamentous Immune Cell Mimics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Schluck
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Jorieke Weiden
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Popelier
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Lea Weiss
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Kolder
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Anne Heinemans
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez Mogeda
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
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Khorsandi SE, Dokal AD, Rajeeve V, Britton DJ, Illingworth MS, Heaton N, Cutillas PR. Computational Analysis of Cholangiocarcinoma Phosphoproteomes Identifies Patient-Specific Drug Targets. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5765-5776. [PMID: 34551960 PMCID: PMC9397618 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a form of hepatobiliary cancer with an abysmal prognosis. Despite advances in our understanding of cholangiocarcinoma pathophysiology and its genomic landscape, targeted therapies have not yet made a significant impact on its clinical management. The low response rates of targeted therapies in cholangiocarcinoma suggest that patient heterogeneity contributes to poor clinical outcome. Here we used mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics and computational methods to identify patient-specific drug targets in patient tumors and cholangiocarcinoma-derived cell lines. We analyzed 13 primary tumors of patients with cholangiocarcinoma with matched nonmalignant tissue and 7 different cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, leading to the identification and quantification of more than 13,000 phosphorylation sites. The phosphoproteomes of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and patient tumors were significantly correlated. MEK1, KIT, ERK1/2, and several cyclin-dependent kinases were among the protein kinases most frequently showing increased activity in cholangiocarcinoma relative to nonmalignant tissue. Application of the Drug Ranking Using Machine Learning (DRUML) algorithm selected inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC; belinostat and CAY10603) and PI3K pathway members as high-ranking therapies to use in primary cholangiocarcinoma. The accuracy of the computational drug rankings based on predicted responses was confirmed in cell-line models of cholangiocarcinoma. Together, this study uncovers frequently activated biochemical pathways in cholangiocarcinoma and provides a proof of concept for the application of computational methodology to rank drugs based on efficacy in individual patients. SIGNIFICANCE: Phosphoproteomic and computational analyses identify patient-specific drug targets in cholangiocarcinoma, supporting the potential of a machine learning method to predict personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Elizabeth Khorsandi
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Authors: Pedro R. Cutillas, Cell Signaling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics & Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom. Phone: 207-882-5555; E-mail: ; and Shirin Elizabeth Khorsandi, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, 111 Coldharbor Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Arran D. Dokal
- Cell Signaling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics & Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Kinomica Ltd, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Cell Signaling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics & Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Britton
- Cell Signaling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics & Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Kinomica Ltd, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Megan S. Illingworth
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Cell Signaling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics & Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Kinomica Ltd, Cheshire, United Kingdom.,The Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, London, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Authors: Pedro R. Cutillas, Cell Signaling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics & Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom. Phone: 207-882-5555; E-mail: ; and Shirin Elizabeth Khorsandi, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, 111 Coldharbor Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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20
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Malogolovkin A, Gasanov N, Egorov A, Weener M, Ivanov R, Karabelsky A. Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes. Viruses 2021; 13:1271. [PMID: 34209981 PMCID: PMC8309967 DOI: 10.3390/v13071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became an indispensable tool for the treatment of many malignant tumors. Alongside ICI, the application of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials is demonstrating encouraging outcomes. Dozens of combinations of oncolytic viruses with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely used or studied, but it seems quite complicated to highlight the most effective combinations. Our review summarizes the results of clinical trials evaluating oncolytic viruses with or without genetic alterations in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, cytokines, antigens and other oncolytic viruses as well. This review is focused on the efficacy and safety of virotherapy and the most promising combinations based on the published clinical data, rather than presenting all oncolytic virus variations, which are discussed in comprehensive literature reviews. We briefly revise the research landscape of oncolytic viruses and discuss future perspectives in virus immunotherapy, in order to provide an insight for novel strategies of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Malogolovkin
- Gene Therapy Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (N.G.); (A.E.); (M.W.); (R.I.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Karabelsky
- Gene Therapy Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (N.G.); (A.E.); (M.W.); (R.I.)
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21
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Cao YJ, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhao L, Li S, Zhang Z, Wei X, Yun H, Choi SH, Liu Z, Zhao L, Kazane SA. Switchable CAR-T Cells Outperformed Traditional Antibody-Redirected Therapeutics Targeting Breast Cancers. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1176-1183. [PMID: 33856201 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Various antibody-redirected immunotherapeutic approaches, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells, have been devised to produce specific activity against various cancer types. Using genetically encoded unnatural amino acids, we generated a homogeneous Her2-targeted ADC, a T cell-redirected bsAb, and a FITC-modified antibody capable of redirecting anti-FITC CAR-T (switchable CAR-T; sCAR-T) cells to target different Her2-expressing breast cancers. sCAR-T cells showed activity against Her2-expressing tumor cells comparable to that of conventional anti-Her2 CAR-T cells and superior to that of ADC- and bsAb-based approaches. To prevent antigen escape, we designed bispecific sCAR-T cells targeting both the Her2 receptor and IGF1R, which showed an overall improved activity against cancer cells with low Her2 expression. This study increases our understanding of various explored cancer therapeutics and underscores the efficient application of sCAR-T cells as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer patients with low or heterogeneous antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu J. Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-hyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhong Liu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 1 North Outer Ring Road, Feixian County, Shandong 273400, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Engineering Laboratory of High Expression of Mammalian Cells, No. 1 North Outer Ring Road, Feixian County, Shandong 273400, China
| | - Stephanie A. Kazane
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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22
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Feng K, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Dong L, Liu J, Li X, Zhao Z, Mei Q, Han W. Efficacy and biomarker analysis of nivolumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancers: results from a phase II study. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000367. [PMID: 32487569 PMCID: PMC7269541 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of patients with unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) is unacceptably low. This study aimed to determine the efficacy, safety and predictive biomarkers of the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy in advanced BTCs. Methods In this open-label, single-arm, phase II trial, a chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination consisting of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2, cisplatin 75 mg/m2 and nivolumab 3 mg/kg was administered every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. Maintenance treatment with gemcitabine plus nivolumab was administered to patients achieving disease control following the combination therapy. The primary outcome was the objective response rate. Secondary outcomes included safety, disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The exploratory objective was to assess biomarkers for predicting clinical response and prognosis. Results Thirty-two patients with a median age of 60 (range 27–69) years were enrolled. As of September 31, 2019, the median follow-up was 12.8 (95% CI 10.8 to 14.8) months. Twenty-seven response-evaluable patients received a median of 4 (IQR, 3–6) cycles of combination therapy, of whom 15 (55.6%) patients achieved an objective response, including 5 (18.6%) with a complete response (CR), and the DCR was 92.6%. Of the six patients in cohort A who were resistant to gemcitabine-based or cisplatin-based chemotherapy, one achieved CR and one achieved partial response. Thirteen of 21 chemotherapy-naive patients (61.9%) in cohort B achieved an objective response. The median PFS of all patients in cohorts A+B was 6.1 months. The median OS was 8.5 months, with a 33.3% 12-month OS rate. The most frequent grade 3 or higher adverse events were thrombocytopenia (56%) and neutropenia (22%). Fitness might be a biomarker for predicting clinical response. On-therapy changes in serum soluble FasL, MCP-1 and interferon-γ were correlated with prognosis. Conclusions Nivolumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin offers promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile for patients with advanced BTCs. Trial registration number NCT03311789
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Feng
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatric Hematology, the Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qingming Yang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikun Zhao
- YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Murayama A, Tajiri K, Nakaya A, Ito H, Hayashi Y, Entani T, Nagata K, Tanaka S, Hamashima T, Yasuda I. Intrahepatic Bile Duct Injury as a Hepatic Immune-Related Adverse Event after Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2021; 15:645-651. [PMID: 34616270 PMCID: PMC8454244 DOI: 10.1159/000516199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors to treat various types of cancer has increased the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Hepatic irAEs are frequent and can lead to serious conditions. Among the various types of hepatic irAEs reported to date, bile duct injury has been shown refractory to steroid treatment. This study describes 2 patients with hepatic irAEs manifesting as intrahepatic bile duct injury. Immunostaining with antibodies to both CD8 and cytokeratin-7 was useful for the diagnosis, and both patients were refractory to steroid treatment. Prompt diagnosis and active immunosuppressive therapies are required in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Murayama
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Takaoka Municipal Hospital, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- *Kazuto Tajiri,
| | - Atsuko Nakaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Takaoka Municipal Hospital, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Takaoka Municipal Hospital, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Entani
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagata
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tanaka
- The First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeru Hamashima
- The Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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24
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Anti-Cancer Treatment Strategies in the Older Population: Time to Test More? Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6020042. [PMID: 33921136 PMCID: PMC8167638 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of cancer. The incidence of new cancer diagnoses has increased globally given the rising senior population. Many hypotheses for this increased risk have been postulated over decades, including increased genetic and epigenetic mutations and the concept of immunosenescence. The optimal treatment strategies for this population with cancer are unclear. Older cancer patients are traditionally under-represented in clinical trials developed to set the standard of care, leading to undertreatment or increased toxicity. With this background, it is crucial to investigate new opportunities that belong to the most recent findings of an anti-cancer agent, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors, to manage these daily clinical issues and eventually combine them with alternative administration strategies of antiblastic drugs such as metronomic chemotherapy.
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25
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Gohil SH, Iorgulescu JB, Braun DA, Keskin DB, Livak KJ. Applying high-dimensional single-cell technologies to the analysis of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:244-256. [PMID: 33277626 PMCID: PMC8415132 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology, microfluidics and bioinformatics have empowered the study of thousands or even millions of individual cells from malignant tumours at the single-cell level of resolution. This high-dimensional, multi-faceted characterization of the genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteomic features of the tumour and/or the associated immune and stromal cells enables the dissection of tumour heterogeneity, the complex interactions between tumour cells and their microenvironment, and the details of the evolutionary trajectory of each tumour. Single-cell transcriptomics, the ability to track individual T cell clones through paired sequencing of the T cell receptor genes and high-dimensional single-cell spatial analysis are all areas of particular relevance to immuno-oncology. Multidimensional biomarker signatures will increasingly be crucial to guiding clinical decision-making in each patient with cancer. High-dimensional single-cell technologies are likely to provide the resolution and richness of data required to generate such clinically relevant signatures in immuno-oncology. In this Perspective, we describe advances made using transformative single-cell analysis technologies, especially in relation to clinical response and resistance to immunotherapy, and discuss the growing utility of single-cell approaches for answering important research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyen H Gohil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Academic Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Braun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Golpour M, Vatanpour P, Amini M, Saeedi M, Hafezi N, Rafiei A. The Perspective of Therapeutic Antibody Marketing in Iran: Trend and Estimation by 2025. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:5569590. [PMID: 33860229 PMCID: PMC8026318 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5569590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies with high efficiency and specificity are one of the best strategies to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and inflammatory diseases. The market for monoclonal therapeutic antibodies (MTAs) has grown dramatically in the past decade. OBJECTIVE Given the importance of these issues, developing countries spend a high cost on importing or producing MTAs annually. This study intends to examine the market of monoclonal therapeutic antibodies in Iran and predict the future growth rate of this market using the obtained data. METHODS Data on the status of MTAs in the country (from 2008 to 2018) were obtained from the Food and Drug Deputy of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The market status of MTAs was studied based on the dosage forms, application, and price. Then, the market outlook was predicted up to year 2025. RESULTS The results showed that 58.8% of all MTAs were humanized, and 86% of all antibody-based drugs were used to treat cancer. Sales of MTA-based medications will reach $454 million by 2025 and are projected to grow significantly in the future. CONCLUSION Given the increasing technology of the production of MTAs and their use in targeted therapies worldwide, their consumption market in Iran is expected to grow significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Golpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Pouya Vatanpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
- Oneocean Company, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mina Amini
- Food and Drug Deputy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasim Hafezi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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27
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Omori G, Takada K, Murase K, Hayasaka N, Nakamura H, Iyama S, Ohnuma H, Miyanishi K, Fukuta F, Tanaka T, Masumori N, Kato J. Successful mycophenolate mofetil treatment of a patient with severe steroid-refractory hepatitis evoked by nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment for relapsed bladder cancer. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:654-659. [PMID: 33598220 PMCID: PMC7869331 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil resulted in rapid improvement of steroid-refractory immune-related adverse event hepatitis, induced by nivolumab plus ipilimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginji Omori
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Murase
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Naotaka Hayasaka
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Satoshi Iyama
- Department of HematologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohnuma
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Koji Miyanishi
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Fumimasa Fukuta
- Department of UrologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of UrologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Naoya Masumori
- Department of UrologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
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28
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Ma B, Meng H, Tian Y, Wang Y, Song T, Zhang T, Wu Q, Cui Y, Li H, Zhang W, Li Q. High expression of HVEM is associated with improved prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:69. [PMID: 33365080 PMCID: PMC7716701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) displays dual signals in T-cell activation according to the ligands and intracytoplasmic effectors it interacts with. High HVEM expression may play an immunosuppressive role in several malignancies. The present study investigated the clinical impact of HVEM on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), including its prognostic value, and association with clinicopathological features and immune status. The clinical data of 102 consecutive patients with ICC who underwent surgical treatment from January 2012 to December 2017 were collected. The expression of HVEM and different types of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were investigated in ICC tissue samples by immunohistochemical staining. HVEM expression was detected in the tumor tissues of 92 (90.2%) patients with ICC. Patients with high HVEM expression were more likely to have increased peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) concentrations (P=0.031), decreased CEA (P=0.036), low TNM stage (P=0.043) and high frequencies of small-duct histological type (P=0.021) and BAP1 retained expression (P=0.010). Survival analysis showed that high HVEM expression was a favorable independent predictor of overall postoperative survival (P=0.034, hazard ratio=0.486, 95% confidence interval=0.249–0.945). In addition, no significant association of HVEM expression with CD4+ (P=0.512), CD8+ (P=0.750) or CD45RO+ (P=0.078) TILs was identified in the ICC tissues. These results indicate that HVEM may serve as a favorable prognostic marker for ICC. Furthermore, co-stimulatory signals from HVEM may play a dominant role in the progression of ICCs, which can be explained by an increase in the number of PBLs rather than a change in the number of TILs. However, the function of the HVEM network in ICC progression is complex and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Meng
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Huikai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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29
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Jiang Y, Krishnan N, Zhou J, Chekuri S, Wei X, Kroll AV, Yu CL, Duan Y, Gao W, Fang RH, Zhang L. Engineered Cell-Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Directly Present Tumor Antigens to Promote Anticancer Immunity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001808. [PMID: 32538494 PMCID: PMC7669572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent success of immunotherapies has highlighted the power of leveraging the immune system in the fight against cancer. In order for most immune-based therapies to succeed, T cell subsets with the correct tumor-targeting specificities must be mobilized. When such specificities are lacking, providing the immune system with tumor antigen material for processing and presentation is a common strategy for stimulating antigen-specific T cell populations. While straightforward in principle, experience has shown that manipulation of the antigen presentation process can be incredibly complex, necessitating sophisticated strategies that are difficult to translate. Herein, the design of a biomimetic nanoparticle platform is reported that can be used to directly stimulate T cells without the need for professional antigen-presenting cells. The nanoparticles are fabricated using a cell membrane coating derived from cancer cells engineered to express a co-stimulatory marker. Combined with the peptide epitopes naturally presented on the membrane surface, the final formulation contains the necessary signals to promote tumor antigen-specific immune responses, priming T cells that can be used to control tumor growth. The reported approach represents an emerging strategy that can be used to develop multiantigenic, personalized cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nishta Krishnan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sanam Chekuri
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ashley V Kroll
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chun Lai Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yaou Duan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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30
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Topham JT, Titmuss E, Pleasance ED, Williamson LM, Karasinska JM, Culibrk L, Lee MKC, Mendis S, Denroche RE, Jang GH, Kalloger SE, Wong HL, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, O'Kane GM, Knox JJ, Gallinger S, Loree JM, Mager DL, Laskin J, Marra MA, Jones SJM, Schaeffer DF, Renouf DJ. Endogenous Retrovirus Transcript Levels Are Associated with Immunogenic Signatures in Multiple Metastatic Cancer Types. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1889-1897. [PMID: 32518206 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of solid tumors has revealed variable signatures of immunogenicity across tumors, but underlying molecular characteristics driving such variation are not fully understood. Although expression of endogenous retrovirus (ERV)-containing transcripts can provide a source of tumor-specific neoantigen in some cancer models, associations between ERV levels and immunogenicity across different types of metastatic cancer are not well established. We performed bioinformatics analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data across an integrated cohort of 199 patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors. Within each cancer type, we identified a subgroup of viral mimicry tumors in which increased ERV levels were coupled with transcriptional signatures of autonomous antiviral response and immunogenicity. In addition, viral mimicry colorectal and pancreatic tumors showed increased expression of DNA demethylation gene TET2 Taken together, these data demonstrate the existence of an ERV-associated viral mimicry phenotype across three distinct metastatic cancer types, while indicating links between ERV abundance, epigenetic dysregulation, and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin D Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura M Williamson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Luka Culibrk
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael K C Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shehara Mendis
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Gun-Ho Jang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve E Kalloger
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hui-Li Wong
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Grainne M O'Kane
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Knox
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dixie L Mager
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Payne M, Bossmann SH, Basel MT. Direct treatment versus indirect: Thermo-ablative and mild hyperthermia effects. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1638. [PMID: 32352660 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a rapidly growing field in cancer therapy and many advances have been made in understanding and applying the mechanisms of hyperthermia. Secondary effects of hyperthermia have been increasingly recognized as important in therapeutic effects and multiple studies have started to elucidate their implications for treatment. Immune effects have especially been recognized as important in the efficacy of hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Both thermo-ablative and mild hyperthermia activate the immune system, but mild hyperthermia seems to be more effective at doing so. This may suggest that mild hyperthermia has some advantages over thermo-ablative hyperthermia and research into immune effects of mild hyperthermia should continue. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew T Basel
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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The Anticancer Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors According to Patients’ Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Immunother 2020; 43:95-103. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Calmeiro J, Carrascal MA, Tavares AR, Ferreira DA, Gomes C, Falcão A, Cruz MT, Neves BM. Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Human Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020158. [PMID: 32075343 PMCID: PMC7076373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the last decades, dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines have proven to be a safe therapeutic approach, although with inconsistent clinical results. The functional limitations of ex vivo monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) commonly used in these therapies are one of the pointed explanations for their lack of robustness. Therefore, a great effort has been made to identify DC subsets with superior features for the establishment of effective anti-tumor responses and to apply them in therapeutic approaches. Among characterized human DC subpopulations, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1) have emerged as a highly desirable tool for empowering anti-tumor immunity. This DC subset excels in its capacity to prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and to activate natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, which are critical factors for an effective anti-tumor immune response. Here, we sought to revise the immunobiology of cDC1 from their ontogeny to their development, regulation and heterogeneity. We also address the role of this functionally thrilling DC subset in anti-tumor immune responses and the most recent efforts to apply it in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Calmeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.T.); (A.F.); (M.T.C.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-CNC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Mylène A. Carrascal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-CNC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Tecnimede Group, 2710-089 Sintra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Ramos Tavares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.T.); (A.F.); (M.T.C.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-CNC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Daniel Alexandre Ferreira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research-iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.A.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Célia Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research-iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.A.F.); (C.G.)
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology-CIBB, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.T.); (A.F.); (M.T.C.)
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research-CIBIT, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.R.T.); (A.F.); (M.T.C.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-CNC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-964182278
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Roviello G, Generali D, Ianza A. Optimal primary end point in Phase II trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced solid cancers: an evolving issue. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:365-368. [PMID: 30786842 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Translational Oncology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit & Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Anna Ianza
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
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Greiner J, Götz M, Hofmann S, Schrezenmeier H, Wiesneth M, Bullinger L, Döhner H, Schneider V. Specific T-cell immune responses against colony-forming cells including leukemic progenitor cells of AML patients were increased by immune checkpoint inhibition. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:629-640. [PMID: 32020256 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapies in cancer treatment becomes more and more apparent not only in different solid tumors but also in hematological malignancies. However, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), mechanisms to increase the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches have to be further elucidated. Targeting leukemic progenitor and stem cells (LPC/LSC) by specific CTL, for instance, in an adjuvant setting or in minimal residual disease, might be an option to prevent relapse of AML or to treat MRD. Therefore, we investigated the influence of immune checkpoint inhibitors on LAA-specific immune responses by CTL against leukemic myeloid blasts and colony-forming cells including leukemic progenitor cells (CFC/LPC). In functional immunoassays like CFU/CFI (colony-forming units/immunoassays) and ELISpot analysis, we detected specific LAA-directed immune responses against CFC/LPC that are postulated to be the source population of relapse of the disease. The addition of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) significantly increases LAA-directed immune responses against CFC/LPC, no effect is seen when ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) is added. The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab does not improve the effect compared to nivolumab alone. The anti-PD1-directed immune response correlates to PD-L1 expression on progenitor cells. Our data suggest that immunotherapeutic approaches have the potential to target malignant CFC/LPC and anti-PD-1 antibodies could be an immunotherapeutic approach in AML. Moreover, combination with LAA-directed vaccination strategies might also open interesting application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonie Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Marlies Götz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Wiesneth
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Chi Q, Yang Z, Xu K, Wang C, Liang H. DNA Nanostructure as an Efficient Drug Delivery Platform for Immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1585. [PMID: 32063844 PMCID: PMC6997790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has received increasing attention due to its low potential side effects and high specificity. For instance, cancer immunotherapy has achieved great success. CpG is a well-known and commonly used immunotherapeutic and vaccine adjuvant, but it has the disadvantage of being unstable and low in efficacy and needs to be transported through an effective nanocarrier. With perfect structural programmability, permeability, and biocompatibility, DNA nanostructures are one of the most promising candidates to deliver immune components to realize immunotherapy. However, the instability and low capability of the payload of ordinary DNA assemblies limit the relevant applications. Consequently, DNA nanostructure with a firm structure, high drug payloads is highly desirable. In the paper, the latest progress of biostable, high-payload DNA nanoassemblies of various structures, including cage-like DNA nanostructure, DNA particles, DNA polypods, and DNA hydrogel, are reviewed. Cage-like DNA structures hold drug molecules firmly inside the structure and leave a large space within the cavity. These DNA nanostructures use their unique structure to carry abundant CpG, and their biocompatibility and size advantages to enter immune cells to achieve immunotherapy for various diseases. Part of the DNA nanostructures can also achieve more effective treatment in conjunction with other functional components such as aPD1, RNA, TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zichang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- “111” Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA) is one of the primary liver tumors and overall represents a rare malignancy; however, in recent years the incidence, particularly of intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) has increased worldwide. Due to the high mortality, CCAs cause a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths also in Germany. Because the diagnosis is often made in advanced stages of the disease, in many cases a surgical approach with curative intention is not possible. For locally advanced or metastatic CCA the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin currently remains the only approved systemic treatment. As the average survival time is only approximately 12 months even under first-line treatment with gemcitabine/cisplatin, research is focused on developing new molecularly targeted and immunological treatment options. Various studies are currently being carried out to investigate approval options for targeted treatment, which could be considered for genetically altered tumors, e.g. in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) fusion and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. Additionally, initial clinical data on immune checkpoint inhibitors are available for CCA. Due to the complex selection and partially limited applicability of current treatment options in patients with CCA, an early collaboration with a gastroenterology and oncology center with the possibility of supervision by a tumor board consisting of gastroenterological oncologists, surgeons, radiologists and radio-oncologists or in advanced stages by a molecular tumor board is essential.
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38
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Klempner SJ, Fabrizio D, Bane S, Reinhart M, Peoples T, Ali SM, Sokol ES, Frampton G, Schrock AB, Anhorn R, Reddy P. Tumor Mutational Burden as a Predictive Biomarker for Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Current Evidence. Oncologist 2020; 25:e147-e159. [PMID: 31578273 PMCID: PMC6964127 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) extends survival in a proportion of patients across multiple cancers. Tumor mutational burden (TMB)-the number of somatic mutations per DNA megabase (Mb)-has emerged as a proxy for neoantigen burden that is an independent biomarker associated with ICPI outcomes. Based on findings from recent studies, TMB can be reliably estimated using validated algorithms from next-generation sequencing assays that interrogate a sufficiently large subset of the exome as an alternative to whole-exome sequencing. Biological processes contributing to elevated TMB can result from exposure to cigarette smoke and ultraviolet radiation, from deleterious mutations in mismatch repair leading to microsatellite instability, or from mutations in the DNA repair machinery. A variety of clinical studies have shown that patients with higher TMB experience longer survival and greater response rates following treatment with ICPIs compared with those who have lower TMB levels; this includes a prospective randomized clinical trial that found a TMB threshold of ≥10 mutations per Mb to be predictive of longer progression-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Multiple trials are underway to validate the predictive values of TMB across cancer types and in patients treated with other immunotherapies. Here we review the rationale, algorithm development methodology, and existing clinical data supporting the use of TMB as a predictive biomarker for treatment with ICPIs. We discuss emerging roles for TMB and its potential future value for stratifying patients according to their likelihood of ICPI treatment response. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a newly established independent predictor of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) treatment outcome across multiple tumor types. Certain next-generation sequencing-based techniques allow TMB to be reliably estimated from a subset of the exome without the use of whole-exome sequencing, thus facilitating the adoption of TMB assessment in community oncology settings. Analyses of multiple clinical trials across several cancer types have demonstrated that TMB stratifies patients who are receiving ICPIs by response rate and survival. TMB, alongside other genomic biomarkers, may provide complementary information in selecting patients for ICPI-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Klempner
- The Angeles Clinic and Research InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Siraj M. Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Cheng B, Tong G, Wu X, Cai W, Li Z, Tong Z, He L, Yu S, Wang S. Enumeration And Characterization Of Circulating Tumor Cells And Its Application In Advanced Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7887-7896. [PMID: 31576146 PMCID: PMC6768312 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s223222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced gastric cancer (aGC) has a high global incidence and a high mortality rate and because of its high malignancy and heterogeneity, the existing methods for prognosis are limited, and a new treatment model is necessary. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be considered as a “liquid biopsy” for tumor diagnosis and for monitoring treatment responses and predicting clinical outcome. Clinical studies support the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in a subset of aGC. Methods Cell capture efficiency, as described by the CanPatrol CTC enrichment technique, was validated using artificial blood samples as well as blood samples from 32 aGC patients. Clinicopathologic data of patients were collected from the hospital information system. We used CanPatrol for CTC isolation, classification, and clinical analysis. Results A cell capture efficiency of >80% was achieved. Significant correlation was observed between CTC enumeration and clinicopathology parameters, including the Lauren classification (r=0.470, P=0.008), perineural invasion (r=0.393, P=0.029), TNM stage (r=0.740, P<0.001), and Ki-67 level (r=0.510, P=0.005). When compared to the traditional methods, monitoring CTC subtypes exhibits higher sensitivity of evaluating the disease status. Enumeration of epithelial CTC subset and its relative abundance in the total CTC pool are highly correlated with clinical efficacy. CTC programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) could be successfully detected for immunotherapy in addition to PD-L1 immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability. Conclusion We provide a new method that allows for the simple and effective detection of CTCs in aGC. It has potential clinical applications in monitoring prognosis and guiding future individualized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangling Tong
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirui He
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Yu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
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40
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Calmeiro J, Carrascal M, Gomes C, Falcão A, Cruz MT, Neves BM. Biomaterial-based platforms for in situ dendritic cell programming and their use in antitumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:238. [PMID: 31484548 PMCID: PMC6727507 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the immune system, with an exquisite capacity to initiate and modulate immune responses. These functional characteristics have led to intense research on the development of DC-based immunotherapies, particularly for oncologic diseases. During recent decades, DC-based vaccines have generated very promising results in animal studies, and more than 300 clinical assays have demonstrated the safety profile of this approach. However, clinical data are inconsistent, and clear evidence of meaningful efficacy is still lacking. One of the reasons for this lack of evidence is the limited functional abilities of the used ex vivo-differentiated DCs. Therefore, alternative approaches for targeting and modulating endogenous DC subpopulations have emerged as an attractive concept. Here, we sought to revise the evolution of several strategies for the in situ mobilization and modulation of DCs. The first approaches using chemokine-secreting irradiated tumor cells are addressed, and special attention is given to the cutting-edge injectable bioengineered platforms, programmed to release chemoattractants, tumor antigens and DC maturating agents. Finally, we discuss how our increasing knowledge of DC biology, the use of neoantigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors can leverage the refinement of these polymeric vaccines to boost their antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Calmeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mylène Carrascal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Tecnimede Group, Sintra, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto - Edifício 30, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Wu HJ, Chu PY. Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Cholangiocarcinoma and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174154. [PMID: 31450710 PMCID: PMC6747544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of liver cancer, and is highly aggressive with very poor prognosis. CCA is classified into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), which is further stratified into perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells capable of tumor initiation and malignant growth, and are also responsible for chemoresistance. Thus, CSCs play an important role in CCA carcinogenesis. Surface markers such as CD133, CD24, CD44, EpCAM, Sox2, CD49f, and CD117 are important for identifying and isolating CCA CSCs. CSCs are present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), termed ‘CSC niche’, where cellular components and soluble factors interact to promote tumor initiation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is another important mechanism underlying carcinogenesis, involved in the invasiveness, metastasis and chemoresistance of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EMT plays a critical role in generating CSCs. Therapies targeting the surface markers and signaling pathways of CCA CSCs, proteins involved in TME, and immune checkpoint proteins are currently under investigation. Therefore, this review focuses on recent studies on the roles of CSCs in CCA; the possible therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs of CCA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua County 505, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan.
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Koya Y, Shibata M, Shinohara N, Nebuya S, Oe S, Honma Y, Senju M, Sato N, Harada M. Secondary sclerosing cholangitis with hemobilia induced by pembrolizumab: Case report and review of published work. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:950-956. [PMID: 30861263 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 66-year-old man was admitted to our department due to cholestatic liver injury. He had received five cycles of pembrolizumab for small-cell lung cancer. Imaging showed the possibility of sclerosing cholangitis (SC) with hemobilia. Histologically, CD8+ T cells had infiltrated the biliary epithelium of the extrahepatic bile duct. We reached the diagnosis of secondary SC induced by pembrolizumab. Although we treated him with high-dose corticosteroids, laboratory data showed only a moderate response. Clinicians should recognize that immune checkpoint inhibitors can sometimes cause severe and irreversible SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Koya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Michihiko Shibata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Shinohara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoru Nebuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shinji Oe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Honma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Michio Senju
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Naoko Sato
- Department of Pathology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Anwar MA, El-Baba C, Elnaggar MH, Elkholy YO, Mottawea M, Johar D, Al Shehabi TS, Kobeissy F, Moussalem C, Massaad E, Omeis I, Darwiche N, Eid AH. Novel therapeutic strategies for spinal osteosarcomas. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:83-92. [PMID: 31152785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
At the dawn of the third millennium, cancer has become the bane of twenty-first century man, and remains a predominant public health burden, affecting welfare and life expectancy globally. Spinal osteogenic sarcoma, a primary spinal malignant tumor, is a rare and challenging neoplastic disease to treat. After the conventional therapeutic modalities of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery have been exhausted, there is currently no available alternative therapy in managing cases of spinal osteosarcoma. The defining signatures of tumor survival are characterised by cancer cell ability to stonewall immunogenic attrition and apoptosis by various means. Some of these biomarkers, namely immune-checkpoints, have recently been exploited as druggable targets in osteosarcoma and many other different cancers. These promising strides made by the use of reinvigorated immunotherapeutic approaches may lead to significant reduction in spinal osteosarcoma disease burden and corresponding reciprocity in increase of survival rates. In this review, we provide the background to spinal osteosarcoma, and proceed to elaborate on contribution of the complex ecology within tumor microenvironment giving arise to cancerous immune escape, which is currently receiving considerable attention. We follow this section on the tumor microenvironment by a brief history of cancer immunity. Also, we draw on the current knowledge of treatment gained from incidences of osteosarcoma at other locations of the skeleton (long bones of the extremities in close proximity to the metaphyseal growth plates) to make a case for application of immunity-based tools, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, and draw attention to adverse upshots of immune-checkpoint blockers as well. Finally, we describe the novel biotechnique of CRISPR/Cas9 that will assist in treatment approaches for personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chirine El-Baba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Muhammed H Elnaggar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen O Elkholy
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mottawea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Johar
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Zewail University of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Moussalem
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Massaad
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Omeis
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - A H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Stoiber S, Cadilha BL, Benmebarek MR, Lesch S, Endres S, Kobold S. Limitations in the Design of Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050472. [PMID: 31108883 PMCID: PMC6562702 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy has entered a new era, transitioning from unspecific chemotherapeutic agents to increasingly specific immune-based therapeutic strategies. Among these, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown unparalleled therapeutic potential in treating refractory hematological malignancies. In contrast, solid tumors pose a much greater challenge to CAR T cell therapy, which has yet to be overcome. As this novel therapeutic modality matures, increasing effort is being invested to determine the optimal structure and properties of CARs to facilitate the transition from empirical testing to the rational design of CAR T cells. In this review, we highlight how individual CAR domains contribute to the success and failure of this promising treatment modality and provide an insight into the most notable advances in the field of CAR T cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stoiber
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bruno L Cadilha
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Lesch
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), 80337 Munich, Germany.
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45
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Schluck M, Hammink R, Figdor CG, Verdoes M, Weiden J. Biomaterial-Based Activation and Expansion of Tumor-Specific T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31130945 PMCID: PMC6509561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional tumor vaccination approaches mostly focus on activating dendritic cells (DCs) by providing them with a source of tumor antigens and/or adjuvants, which in turn activate tumor-reactive T cells. Novel biomaterial-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies focus on directly activating and stimulating T cells through molecular cues presented on synthetic constructs with the aim of improving T cell survival, more precisely steer T cell activation and direct T cell differentiation. Synthetic artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) decorated with T cell-activating ligands are being developed to induce robust tumor-specific T cell responses, essentially bypassing DCs. In this perspective, we approach these promising new technologies from an immunological angle, first by identifying the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes that are imperative for robust anti-cancer immunity and subsequently discussing the molecular cues needed to induce these cells types. We will elaborate on how biomaterials can be applied to stimulate T cells in vitro and in vivo to improve their survival, activation and function. Scaffold-based methods can also be used as delivery vehicles for adoptive transfer of T cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor expressing (CAR) T cells, while simultaneously stimulating these cells. Finally, we provide suggestions on how these insights could advance the field of biomaterial-based activation and expansion of tumor-specific T cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Schluck
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorieke Weiden
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Knauss S, Preusse C, Allenbach Y, Leonard-Louis S, Touat M, Fischer N, Radbruch H, Mothes R, Matyash V, Böhmerle W, Endres M, Goebel HH, Benveniste O, Stenzel W. PD1 pathway in immune-mediated myopathies: Pathogenesis of dysfunctional T cells revisited. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2019; 6:e558. [PMID: 31044146 PMCID: PMC6467687 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relevance of dysfunctional T cells in immune-mediated myopathies. We analyzed T-cell exhaustion and senescence, in the context of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)-related immunity in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), and myositis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (irMyositis). Methods Skeletal muscle biopsies from 12 patients with IMNM, 7 patients with sIBM, and 8 patients with irMyositis were analyzed by immunostaining and immunofluorescence as well as by quantitative PCR. Eight biopsies from nondisease participants served as controls. Results CD3+CD8+ T cells in biopsies from IMNM, sIBM, and irMyositis were largely PD1-positive, while CD68+ macrophages were sparsely positive to the ligand of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1). The sarcolemma of myofibers was PD-L2+ and was colocalized with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. CD68+ macrophages were colocalized with PD-L2. Senescent T cells were strongly enriched in skeletal muscle of sIBM, revealing a distinct immunologic signature. Biopsies from patients with irMyositis showed mild signs of senescence and exhaustion. Conclusion Persistent exposure to antigens in IMNMs and sIBM may lead to T-cell exhaustion, a process controlled by the PD1 receptor and its cognate ligands PD-L1/PD-L2. To our knowledge, these data are the first evidence of presence of dysfunctional T cells and relevance of the PD1 pathway in IMNM, sIBM, and irMyositis. These findings may guide the way to a novel understanding of the immune pathogenesis of immune-mediated myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knauss
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Sarah Leonard-Louis
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Mehdi Touat
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Norina Fischer
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Ronja Mothes
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Vitali Matyash
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Wolfgang Böhmerle
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neurology (S.K., W.B., M.E.) and Department of Neuropathology (C.P., N.F., H.R., R.M., V.M., H.-H.G., W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (Y.A., O.B.), Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Unité de Pathologie Neuromusculaire (S.L.-L.), Centre de Référence Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin (M.T.), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP; OncoNeuroTox Group (M.T.), Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy; Inserm U 1127 (M.T.), CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (H.R., R.M., W.S.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin (M.E.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) (M.E.); and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.E.)
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47
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Lopes A, Vandermeulen G, Préat V. Cancer DNA vaccines: current preclinical and clinical developments and future perspectives. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:146. [PMID: 30953535 PMCID: PMC6449928 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent developments in immuno-oncology have opened an unprecedented avenue for the emergence of vaccine strategies. Therapeutic DNA cancer vaccines are now considered a very promising strategy to activate the immune system against cancer. In the past, several clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines demonstrated a good safety profile and the activation of a broad and specific immune response. However, these vaccines often demonstrated only modest therapeutic effects in clinical trials due to the immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by the tumor. To enhance the vaccine-induced immune response and the treatment efficacy, DNA vaccines could be improved by using two different strategies. The first is to increase their immunogenicity by selecting and optimizing the best antigen(s) to be inserted into the plasmid DNA. The second strategy is to combine DNA vaccines with other complementary therapies that could improve their activity by attenuating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment or by increasing the activity/number of immune cells. A growing number of preclinical and clinical studies are adopting these two strategies to better exploit the potential of DNA vaccination. In this review, we analyze the last 5-year preclinical studies and 10-year clinical trials using plasmid DNA vaccines for cancer therapy. We also investigate the strategies that are being developed to overcome the limitations in cancer DNA vaccination, revisiting the rationale for different combinations of therapy and the different possibilities in antigen choice. Finally, we highlight the most promising developments and critical points that need to be addressed to move towards the approval of therapeutic cancer DNA vaccines as part of the standard of cancer care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lopes
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Machiels JP, Salazar R, Rottey S, Duran I, Dirix L, Geboes K, Wilkinson-Blanc C, Pover G, Alvis S, Champion B, Fisher K, McElwaine-Johnn H, Beadle J, Calvo E. A phase 1 dose escalation study of the oncolytic adenovirus enadenotucirev, administered intravenously to patients with epithelial solid tumors (EVOLVE). J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:20. [PMID: 30691536 PMCID: PMC6348630 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enadenotucirev is a chimeric adenovirus with demonstrated preclinical tumor-selective cytotoxicity and a short half-life. Further clinical mechanism of action data showed that enadenotucirev can gain access to and replicate within different types of epithelial tumors. This phase 1 dose escalation study assessed intravenous (IV) dose escalation with enadenotucirev to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and subsequently identify a suitable schedule for repeated cycles. METHODS Sixty-one patients with advanced epithelial tumors unresponsive to conventional therapy were enrolled and received enadenotucirev monotherapy as part of this study. During the phase 1a dose escalation (n = 22) and expansion (n = 9), delivery of enadenotucirev between 1 × 1010 and 1 × 1013 viral particles (vp) on days 1, 3, and 5 (single cycle) was used to determine an appropriate MTD. Subsequent treatment cohorts (phase 1a, n = 6 and phase 1b, n = 24) examined the feasibility of repeated dosing cycles in either 3-weekly or weekly dosing regimens. RESULTS Enadenotucirev displayed a predictable and manageable safety profile at doses up to the MTD of 3 × 1012 vp, irrespective of infusion time or dosing schedule. The most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of grade 3 or higher were hypoxia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia. The frequency of all TEAEs (notably pyrexia and chills) was highest within 24 h of the first enadenotucirev infusion and decreased upon subsequent dosing. Additionally, delivery of three doses of enadenotucirev over 5 days optimized pharmacokinetic and chemokine profiles in the circulation over time. CONCLUSIONS This study provides key clinical data in patients with solid epithelial tumors following treatment with IV enadenotucirev monotherapy and supports further investigation of enadenotucirev in combination with other therapeutic agents at doses up to the MTD of 3 × 1012 vp. TRIAL REGISTRATION ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02028442 ). Trial registration date: 07 January 2014 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Roi Albert II, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Drug Research Unit Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Duran
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luc Dirix
- Saint-Augustinus Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karen Geboes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Gillian Pover
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited, 4-10 The Quadrant, Barton Lane, Abingdon, UK
| | - Simon Alvis
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited, 4-10 The Quadrant, Barton Lane, Abingdon, UK
| | - Brian Champion
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited, 4-10 The Quadrant, Barton Lane, Abingdon, UK.
| | - Kerry Fisher
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited, 4-10 The Quadrant, Barton Lane, Abingdon, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - John Beadle
- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited, 4-10 The Quadrant, Barton Lane, Abingdon, UK
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Madrid Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Yan S, Zhang Y, Sun B. The function and potential drug targets of tumour-associated Tregs for cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:179-186. [PMID: 30610537 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but they also play a negative role in evoking effective antitumour immune responses. There is ample evidence indicating that the depletion of Tregs or the inhibition of Treg function will enhance antitumour effects. However, it is unclear which surface molecules of Tregs are suitable targets for tumour immunotherapy with minimal toxic side effects, which is a central theme in the field of Treg-targeted immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the tumour microenvironment, and we address potential drug targets on Tregs for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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50
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Sharbi-Yunger A, Grees M, Cafri G, Bassan D, Eichmüller SB, Tzehoval E, Utikal J, Umansky V, Eisenbach L. A universal anti-cancer vaccine: Chimeric invariant chain potentiates the inhibition of melanoma progression and the improvement of survival. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:909-921. [PMID: 30106470 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For many years, clinicians and scientists attempt to develop methods to stimulate the immune system to target malignant cells. Recent data suggest that effective cancer vaccination requires combination immunotherapies to overcome tumor immune evasion. Through presentation of both MHC-I and II molecules, DCs-based vaccine platforms are effective in generating detectable CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against tumor-associated antigens. Several platforms include DC transfection with mRNA of the desired tumor antigen. These DCs are then delivered to the host and elicit an immune response against the antigen of interest. We have recently established an mRNA genetic platform which induced specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response by DC vaccination against melanoma. In our study, an MHC-II mRNA DCs vaccine platform was developed to activate CD4+ T cells and to enhance the anti-tumor response. The invariant chain (Ii) was modified and the semi-peptide CLIP was replaced with an MHC-II binding peptide sequences of melanoma antigens. These chimeric MHC-II constructs are presented by DCs and induce proliferation of tumor specific CD4+ T cells. When administered in combination with the MHC-I platform into tumor bearing mice, these constructs were able to inhibit tumor growth, and improve mouse survival. Deciphering the immunological mechanism of action, we observed an efficient CTLs killing in addition to higher levels of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the groups immunized with a combination of the MHC-I and MHC-II constructs. These universal constructs can be applied in multiple combinations and offer an attractive opportunity to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Sharbi-Yunger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mareike Grees
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gal Cafri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Bassan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- GMP and T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Tzehoval
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Eisenbach
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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