1
|
Yu X, Zhu Y, Yin G, Wang Y, Shi X, Cheng G. Exploiting hosts and vectors: viral strategies for facilitating transmission. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3187-3201. [PMID: 39048750 PMCID: PMC11315993 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have developed various strategies to ensure their survival and transmission. One intriguing strategy involves manipulating the behavior of infected arthropod vectors and hosts. Through intricate interactions, viruses can modify vector behavior, aiding in crossing barriers and improving transmission to new hosts. This manipulation may include altering vector feeding preferences, thus promoting virus transmission to susceptible individuals. In addition, viruses employ diverse dissemination methods, including cell-to-cell and intercellular transmission via extracellular vesicles. These strategies allow viruses to establish themselves in favorable environments, optimize replication, and increase the likelihood of spreading to other individuals. Understanding these complex viral strategies offers valuable insights into their biology, transmission dynamics, and potential interventions for controlling infections. Unraveling interactions between viruses, hosts, and vectors enables the development of targeted approaches to effectively mitigate viral diseases and prevent transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yibaina Wang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharafutdinov I, Friedrich B, Rottner K, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. Cortactin: A major cellular target of viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2024; 122:165-183. [PMID: 38868928 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Many viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens represent major human and animal health problems due to their great potential of causing infectious diseases. Research on these pathogens has contributed substantially to our current understanding of both microbial virulence determinants and host key factors during infection. Countless studies have also shed light on the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions that are employed by these microbes. For example, actin cytoskeletal dynamics play critical roles in effective adhesion, host cell entry, and intracellular movements of intruding pathogens. Cortactin is an eminent host cell protein that stimulates actin polymerization and signal transduction, and recently emerged as fundamental player during host-pathogen crosstalk. Here we review the important role of cortactin as major target for various prominent viral, protozoal and fungal pathogens in humans, and its role in human disease development and cancer progression. Most if not all of these important classes of pathogens have been reported to hijack cortactin during infection through mediating up- or downregulation of cortactin mRNA and protein expression as well as signaling. In particular, pathogen-induced changes in tyrosine and serine phosphorylation status of cortactin at its major phospho-sites (Y-421, Y-470, Y-486, S-113, S-298, S-405, and S-418) are addressed. As has been reported for various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, many pathogenic viruses, protozoa, and fungi also control these regulatory phospho-sites, for example, by activating kinases such as Src, PAK, ERK1/2, and PKD, which are known to phosphorylate cortactin. In addition, the recruitment of cortactin and its interaction partners, like the Arp2/3 complex and F-actin, to the contact sites between pathogens and host cells is highlighted, as this plays an important role in the infection process and internalization of several pathogens. However, there are also other ways in which the pathogens can exploit the function of cortactin for their needs, as the cortactin-mediated regulation of cellular processes is complex and involves numerous different interaction partners. Here, the current state of knowledge is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Friedrich
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao L, Huang S, Basant A, Mladenov M, Way M. CK-666 and CK-869 differentially inhibit Arp2/3 iso-complexes. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3221-3239. [PMID: 39009834 PMCID: PMC11316031 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors, CK-666 and CK-869, are widely used to probe the function of Arp2/3 complex mediated actin nucleation in vitro and in cells. However, in mammals, the Arp2/3 complex consists of 8 iso-complexes, as three of its subunits (Arp3, ArpC1, ArpC5) are encoded by two different genes. Here, we used recombinant Arp2/3 with defined composition to assess the activity of CK-666 and CK-869 against iso-complexes. We demonstrate that both inhibitors prevent linear actin filament formation when ArpC1A- or ArpC1B-containing complexes are activated by SPIN90. In contrast, inhibition of actin branching depends on iso-complex composition. Both drugs prevent actin branch formation by complexes containing ArpC1A, but only CK-869 can inhibit ArpC1B-containing complexes. Consistent with this, in bone marrow-derived macrophages which express low levels of ArpC1A, CK-869 but not CK-666, impacted phagocytosis and cell migration. CK-869 also only inhibits Arp3- but not Arp3B-containing iso-complexes. Our findings have important implications for the interpretation of results using CK-666 and CK-869, given that the relative expression levels of ArpC1 and Arp3 isoforms in cells and tissues remains largely unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LuYan Cao
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Michael Way
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu L, Liu S, Bai F, Deng Y, Zhang X, Wang L. Investigating the Role of Inflammatory Response in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using Integrated RNA-Seq Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4701-4719. [PMID: 39051051 PMCID: PMC11268657 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s460437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An important factor in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is chronic low-grade inflammation. However, the exact pathophysiology of PCOS is currently unknown, which makes clinical diagnosis and the development of effective treatments more difficult. We aimed to investigate the role of the inflammatory response in initiating and progressing PCOS. Methods 13 control granulosa cell samples and 15 granulosa cell samples from patients with PCOS were obtained from the GSE102293, GSE34526, and GSE5850 datasets. The gene set variation analysis (GSVA) method was used to calculate the inflammatory response score. Subsequently, the genes associated with inflammation in the hub were identified using differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The findings were confirmed by analysis of independent datasets and examination of clinical samples by qRT-PCR analysis. A consensus cluster analysis was conducted to categorize the PCOS samples into subtypes related to inflammation. Functional enrichment and analysis of immune cell infiltration were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms involved. Additionally, the CMap database was utilized to predict potential drugs, and the results were confirmed through molecular docking. Results During the training cohort analysis, we identified five distinct genes (TGFBR2, ICAM3, WIPF1, SLC11A1, and NCF2) that could serve as potential diagnostic markers for PCOS. The expression levels of these genes were confirmed through validation in both the test set and clinical samples. In training cohort, two distinct inflammatory patterns (C1 and C2) were identified, and the C2 subtype exhibited activated immune- and inflammation-related pathways. Esmolol was shown to have potential as a drug to treat PCOS and it showed good results for molecular binding at TGFBR2, ICAM3, WIPF1, SLC11A1, and NCF2 proteins. Conclusion Five diagnostic biomarkers and two inflammation-related molecular types associated with PCOS were identified, and esmolol was a potential drug for PCOS treatment. Our findings provided new diagnostic markers and potential small-molecule drugs for PCOS diagnosis and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- General Gynecology, the Tai ‘an Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuyan Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Pan X, Luo W, Gamalla Y, Ma Z, Zhou P, Dai C, Han D. TMErisk score: A tumor microenvironment-based model for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31877. [PMID: 38845978 PMCID: PMC11152963 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely associated with the progression and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To investigate potential biomarkers for predicting therapeutic outcomes in HNSCC, we analyzed the immune and stromal status of HNSCC based on the genes associated with TME using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Immune and stromal genes were identified with differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). From these genes, 118 were initially selected through Cox univariate regression and then further input into least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. As a result, 11 genes were screened out for the TME-related risk (TMErisk) score model which presented promising overall survival predictive potential. The TMErisk score was negatively associated with immune and stromal scores but positively associated with tumor purity. Individuals with high TMErisk scores exhibited decreased expression of most immune checkpoints and all human leukocyte antigen family genes, and reduced abundance of infiltrating immune cells. Divergent genes were mutated in HNSCC. In both high and low TMErisk score groups, the tumor protein P53 exhibited the highest mutation frequency. A higher TMErisk score was found to be associated with reduced overall survival probability and worse outcomes of immunotherapy. Therefore, the TMErisk score could serve as a valuable model for the outcome prediction of HNSCC in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of the Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaozhou Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guang-dong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yaser Gamalla
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Zhan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Chunfu Dai
- Department of the Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dingding Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Liu J, Mao C, Mao Y. Phase separation-mediated biomolecular condensates and their relationship to tumor. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:143. [PMID: 38383403 PMCID: PMC10880379 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase separation is a cellular phenomenon where macromolecules aggregate or segregate, giving rise to biomolecular condensates resembling "droplets" and forming distinct, membrane-free compartments. This process is pervasive in biological cells, contributing to various essential cellular functions. However, when phase separation goes awry, leading to abnormal molecular aggregation, it can become a driving factor in the development of diseases, including tumor. Recent investigations have unveiled the intricate connection between dysregulated phase separation and tumor pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target. This article provides an overview of recent phase separation research, with a particular emphasis on its role in tumor, its therapeutic implications, and outlines avenues for further exploration in this intriguing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Yufei Mao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stergas HR, Dillon-Martin M, Dumas CM, Hansen NA, Carasi-Schwartz FJ, D'Amico AR, Finnegan KM, Juch U, Kane KR, Kaplan IE, Masengarb ML, Melero ME, Meyer LE, Sacher CR, Scriven EA, Ebert AM, Ballif BA. CRK and NCK adaptors may functionally overlap in zebrafish neurodevelopment, as indicated by common binding partners and overlapping expression patterns. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:302-320. [PMID: 38058169 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
CRK adaptor proteins are important for signal transduction mechanisms driving cell proliferation and positioning during vertebrate central nervous system development. Zebrafish lacking both CRK family members exhibit small, disorganized retinas with 50% penetrance. The goal of this study was to determine whether another adaptor protein might functionally compensate for the loss of CRK adaptors. Expression patterns in developing zebrafish, and bioinformatic analyses of the motifs recognized by their SH2 and SH3 domains, suggest NCK adaptors are well-positioned to compensate for loss of CRK adaptors. In support of this hypothesis, proteomic analyses found CRK and NCK adaptors share overlapping interacting partners including known regulators of cell adhesion and migration, suggesting their functional intersection in neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline M Dumas
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicole A Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Alex R D'Amico
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kylie M Finnegan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Uatchet Juch
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Keeley R Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Isabel E Kaplan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Marina E Melero
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lauren E Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Conrad R Sacher
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan A Scriven
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alicia M Ebert
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bryan A Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu M, Wu C, Wang R, Qiu J, She Z, Qu J, Xia J. Modulating Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Nck Adaptor Protein against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2358-2368. [PMID: 38161366 PMCID: PMC10755736 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Signaling proteins often form biomolecular condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) during intracellular signal transduction. Modulating the LLPS property of intracellular protein condensates will redirect intracellular signals and provide a potential way to regulate cellular physiology. Phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues of the transmembrane receptor nephrin is known to drive the LLPS of the adaptor protein Nck and neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) and form the Nck signaling complex. Phosphorylation of the translocated intimin receptor (Tir) in the host cell may recruit this enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) virulence factor to the Nck signaling complex and lead to the entry of EPEC into the intestine cell. In this work, we first identified a phosphotyrosine (pY)-containing peptide 3pY based on the sequence similarity of nephrin and Tir; 3pY promoted the LLPS of Nck and N-WASP, mimicking the role of phosphorylated nephrin. Next, we designed a covalent blocker of Nck, peptide p1 based on the selected pY peptides, which site-selectively reacted with the SH2 domain of Nck (Nck-SH2) at Lys331 through a proximity-induced reaction. The covalent reaction of p1 with Nck blocked the protein binding site of Nck-SH2 and disintegrated the 3pY/Nck/N-WASP condensates. In the presence of membrane-translocating peptide L17E, p1 entered Caco-2 cells in the cytosol, reduced the number of Nck puncta, and rendered Caco-2 cells resistant to EPEC infection. Site-selective covalent blockage of Nck thereby disintegrates intracellular Nck condensates, inhibits actin reorganization, and shuts down the entrance pathway of EPEC. This work showcases the promotion or inhibition of protein phase separation by synthetic peptides and the use of reactive peptides as LLPS disruptors and signal modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunjian Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan
Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhentao She
- Departments
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology
and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Departments
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center of Systems Biology
and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Basant A, Way M. The amount of Nck rather than N-WASP correlates with the rate of actin-based motility of Vaccinia virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0152923. [PMID: 37855608 PMCID: PMC10883800 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01529-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vaccinia virus is a large double-stranded DNA virus and a close relative of Mpox and Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. During infection, Vaccinia hijacks its host's transport systems and promotes its spread into neighboring cells by recruiting a signaling network that stimulates actin polymerization. Over the years, Vaccinia has provided a powerful model to understand how signaling networks regulate actin polymerization. Nevertheless, we still lack important quantitative information about the system, including the precise number of viral and host molecules required to induce actin polymerization. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques, we have determined the number of viral and host signaling proteins accumulating on virions during their egress. Our analysis has uncovered two unexpected new aspects of this process: the number of viral proteins in the virion is not fixed and the velocity of virus movement depends on the level of a single adaptor within the signaling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angika Basant
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute , London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College , London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Su F, Xiao R, Chen R, Yang T, Wang D, Xu X, Hou X, Guan Q, Feng M. WIPF1 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling in a myocardin-dependent manner. iScience 2023; 26:108273. [PMID: 38026208 PMCID: PMC10654612 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1) is associated with malignant tumor progression. However, molecular links between WIPF1 and gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive. The expression of WIPF1 was detected in GC tissues and cells. WIPF1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cells and high expression of WIPF1 was an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis in patients with GC. Further experiments indicated that WIPF1 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells in vivo and in vitro. WIPF1-regulated genes were closely related to cell proliferation and migration in GC, and silencing WIPF1 significantly repressed PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. WIPF1 was activated by myocardin (MYOCD) translation. Rescue experiments confirmed that MYOCD promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells in a WIPF1-dependent manner and activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. MYOCD may transactivate WIPF1 and facilitate GC cell growth and metastasis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ruowen Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Tianning Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Danwen Wang
- Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
- Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xinni Xu
- Scientific Development and Planing Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Hou
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Center for Clinical Medicine of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
- Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miah MM, Tabassum N, Afroj Zinnia M, Islam ABMMK. Drug and Anti-Viral Peptide Design to Inhibit the Monkeypox Virus by Restricting A36R Protein. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221141164. [PMID: 36570327 PMCID: PMC9772960 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221141164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recently, monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emanated as a global public health threat. Unavailability of effective medicament against MPXV escalates demand for new therapeutic agent. In this study, in silico strategies were conducted to identify novel drug against the A36R protein of MPXV. The A36R protein of MPXV is responsible for the viral migration, adhesion, and vesicle trafficking to the host cell. To block the A36R protein, 4893 potential antiviral peptides (AVPs) were retrieved from DRAMP and SATPdb databases. Finally, 57 sequences were screened based on peptide filtering criteria, which were then modeled. Likewise, 31 monkeypox virus A36R protein sequences were collected from NCBI protein database to find consensus sequence and to predict 3D protein model. The refined and validated models of the A36R protein and AVP peptides were used to predict receptor-ligand interactions using DINC 2 server. Three peptides that showed best interactions were SATPdb10193, SATPdb21850, and SATPdb26811 with binding energies -6.10, -6.10, and -6.30 kcal/mol, respectively. Small molecules from drug databases were also used to perform virtual screening against the A36R protein. Among databases, Enamine-HTSC showed strong affinity with docking scores ranging from -8.8 to 9.8 kcal/mol. Interaction of target protein A36R with the top 3 peptides and the most probable drug (Z55287118) examined by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Trajectory analyses (RMSD, RMSF, SASA, and Rg) confirmed the stable nature of protein-ligand and protein-peptide complexes. This work suggests that identified top AVPs and small molecules might interfere with the function of the A36R protein of MPXV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuzhat Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul Islam, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Nilkhet Rd, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Basant A, Way M. The relative binding position of Nck and Grb2 adaptors impacts actin-based motility of Vaccinia virus. eLife 2022; 11:74655. [PMID: 35796545 PMCID: PMC9333988 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) motifs in unstructured polypeptides orchestrate important cellular processes by engaging SH2-containing adaptors to assemble complex signalling networks. The concept of phase separation has recently changed our appreciation of multivalent networks, however, the role of pTyr motif positioning in their function remains to be explored. We have now investigated this parameter in the operation of the signalling cascade driving actin-based motility and spread of Vaccinia virus. This network involves two pTyr motifs in the viral protein A36 that recruit the adaptors Nck and Grb2 upstream of N-WASP and Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerisation. Manipulating the position of pTyr motifs in A36 and the unrelated p14 from Orthoreovirus, we find that only specific spatial arrangements of Nck and Grb2 binding sites result in robust N-WASP recruitment, Arp2/3 complex driven actin polymerisation and viral spread. This suggests that the relative position of pTyr adaptor binding sites is optimised for signal output. This finding may explain why the relative positions of pTyr motifs are frequently conserved in proteins from widely different species. It also has important implications for regulation of physiological networks, including those undergoing phase transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angika Basant
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular signalling and cytoskeletal function laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bao Y, Qiu J, Xia J. Covalent Reactive Peptides to Block Protein-Protein Interactions and Inhibit Microbe-Host Interaction. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2530:55-68. [PMID: 35761042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2489-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A key step in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection of intestinal cells involves a Tir-induced actin reorganization. Nck mediates this event by binding with WIP through its second SH3 domain (Nck-SH3.2). Recently we have developed a preventative antibacterial mechanism that safeguards intestinal cells by shutting down this intracellular signal through a site-selective covalent peptide-protein reaction, a new antibacterial strategy that acts on the host cells instead of bacterium cells. Here we present the experimental details of the design and synthesis of cysteine-reactive peptides to selectively block Nck-SH3.2 but not the other two SH3 domains. Procedures of EPEC infection, covalent reaction inside Caco-2 cells, and bacterial counting to check the antibacterial effect are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck) family of adaptors, consisting of Nck1 and Nck2, contributes to selectivity and specificity in the flow of cellular information by recruiting components of signaling networks. Known to play key roles in cytoskeletal remodeling, Nck adaptors modulate host cell-pathogen interactions, immune cell receptor activation, cell adhesion and motility, and intercellular junctions in kidney podocytes. Genetic inactivation of both members of the Nck family results in embryonic lethality; however, viability of mice lacking either one of these adaptors suggests partial functional redundancy. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we highlight the molecular organization and functions of the Nck family, focusing on key interactions and pathways, regulation of cellular processes, development, homeostasis and pathogenesis, as well as emerging and non-redundant functions of Nck1 compared to those of Nck2. This article thus aims to provide a timely perspective on the biology of Nck adaptors and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana C. Bywaters
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7783, USA
| | - Gonzalo M. Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7783, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramberger E, Suarez-Artiles L, Perez-Hernandez D, Haji M, Popp O, Reimer U, Leutz A, Dittmar G, Mertins P. A universal peptide matrix interactomics approach to disclose motif dependent protein binding. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100135. [PMID: 34391889 PMCID: PMC8453223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions mediated by intrinsically disordered regions are often based on short linear motifs (SLiMs). SLiMs are implicated in signal transduction and gene regulation yet remain technically laborious and notoriously challenging to study. Here, we present an optimized method for a protein interaction screen on a peptide matrix (PRISMA) in combination with quantitative MS. The protocol was benchmarked with previously described SLiM-based protein–protein interactions using peptides derived from EGFR, SOS1, GLUT1, and CEBPB and extended to map binding partners of kinase activation loops. The detailed protocol provides practical considerations for setting up a PRISMA screen and subsequently implementing PRISMA on a liquid-handling robotic platform as a cost-effective high-throughput method. Optimized PRISMA can be universally applied to systematically study SLiM-based interactions and associated post-translational modifications or mutations to advance our understanding of the largely uncharacterized interactomes of intrinsically disordered protein regions. Optimized protocol for analysis of peptide–protein interactions with peptide arrays. Detection of interactions affected by mutations or post-translational modifications. Mapping of interaction sites with overlapping peptide sequences. Implementation on a liquid-handling robotic platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ramberger
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorena Suarez-Artiles
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mohamad Haji
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Reimer
- JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg; Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dupré L, Boztug K, Pfajfer L. Actin Dynamics at the T Cell Synapse as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665519. [PMID: 34249918 PMCID: PMC8266300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of dynamic filament networks that build adaptable local architectures to sustain nearly all cellular activities in response to a myriad of stimuli. Although the function of numerous players that tune actin remodeling is known, the coordinated molecular orchestration of the actin cytoskeleton to guide cellular decisions is still ill defined. T lymphocytes provide a prototypical example of how a complex program of actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the spatio-temporal control of key cellular activities, namely antigen scanning and sensing, as well as polarized delivery of effector molecules, via the immunological synapse. We here review the unique knowledge on actin dynamics at the T lymphocyte synapse gained through the study of primary immunodeficiences caused by mutations in genes encoding actin regulatory proteins. Beyond the specific roles of individual actin remodelers, we further develop the view that these operate in a coordinated manner and are an integral part of multiple signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hernandez-Gonzalez M, Larocque G, Way M. Viral use and subversion of membrane organization and trafficking. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252676. [PMID: 33664154 PMCID: PMC7610647 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is an essential cellular process conserved across all eukaryotes, which regulates the uptake or release of macromolecules from cells, the composition of cellular membranes and organelle biogenesis. It influences numerous aspects of cellular organisation, dynamics and homeostasis, including nutrition, signalling and cell architecture. Not surprisingly, malfunction of membrane trafficking is linked to many serious genetic, metabolic and neurological disorders. It is also often hijacked during viral infection, enabling viruses to accomplish many of the main stages of their replication cycle, including entry into and egress from cells. The appropriation of membrane trafficking by viruses has been studied since the birth of cell biology and has helped elucidate how this integral cellular process functions. In this Review, we discuss some of the different strategies viruses use to manipulate and take over the membrane compartments of their hosts to promote their replication, assembly and egress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernandez-Gonzalez
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gabrielle Larocque
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
A critical step in the life cycle of a virus is spread to a new target cell, which generally involves the release of new viral particles from the infected cell which can then initiate infection in the next target cell. While cell-free viral particles released into the extracellular environment are necessary for long distance spread, there are disadvantages to this mechanism. These include the presence of immune system components, the low success rate of infection by single particles, and the relative fragility of viral particles in the environment. Several mechanisms of direct cell-to-cell spread have been reported for animal viruses which would avoid the issues associated with cell-free particles. A number of viruses can utilize several different mechanisms of direct cell-to-cell spread, but our understanding of the differential usage by these pathogens is modest. Although the mechanisms of cell-to-cell spread differ among viruses, there is a common exploitation of key pathways and components of the cellular cytoskeleton. Remarkably, some of the viral mechanisms of cell-to-cell spread are surprisingly similar to those used by bacteria. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the conventional and non-conventional mechanisms of viral spread, the common methods used to detect viral spread, and the impact that these mechanisms can have on viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cifuentes-Munoz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Farah El Najjar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rebecca Ellis Dutch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Lin W, Dong Y, Li X, Lin Z, Jia J, Zou W, Pan Y. Long noncoding RNA HCG18 up-regulates the expression of WIPF1 and YAP/TAZ by inhibiting miR-141-3p in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6752-6765. [PMID: 32725768 PMCID: PMC7520348 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating works show that lncRNAs play critical roles in the development of gastric cancer (GC). LncRNA HLA complex group 18 (HCG18) was implicated in the progression of bladder cancer and glioma, but its role in GC is unknown. METHODS RT-PCR was used to detect HCG18 and miR-141-3p expression in GC specimen. GC cell lines (AGS and MKN-28) were exploited as cell model. The biological effect of HCG18 on cancer cells was probed by CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell and wound-healing experiments in vitro, and subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model and tail vein injection model in vivo. Interaction between HCG18 and miR-141-3p was determined by bioinformatics analysis, RT-PCR, and luciferase reporter experiments. Downstream gene expression of miR-141-3p, including Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1), Yes associated protein 1 (YAP), and tafazzin (TAZ) were detected using Western blot. RESULTS HCG18 was markedly up-regulated in GC specimens, while miR-141-3p was markedly down-regulated. Down-regulation of HCG18 inhibited viability, migration, and invasion of GC cells, while miR-141-3p transfection led to opposite effect. HCG18 could down-regulate miR-141-3p through adsorbing it, and a negative association between HCG18 and miR-141-3p was found in GC specimens. HCG18 promoted WIPF1, YAP and TAZ expression, nonetheless, such influence was reversed by co-transfecting with miR-141-3p. CONCLUSION HCG18 was aberrantly up-regulated in GC tissues, and it indirectly regulated the activity of Hippo signaling through counteracting miR-141-3p expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (#2)Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Wenji Lin
- Department of RadiologyQuanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Yangyang Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (#2)Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (#2)Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (#2)Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (#2)Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Wenbing Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (#2)Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of General SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sokolik CG, Qassem N, Chill JH. The Disordered Cellular Multi-Tasker WIP and Its Protein-Protein Interactions: A Structural View. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071084. [PMID: 32708183 PMCID: PMC7407642 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
WASp-interacting protein (WIP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton assembly and remodeling, is a cellular multi-tasker and a key member of a network of protein-protein interactions, with significant impact on health and disease. Here, we attempt to complement the well-established understanding of WIP function from cell biology studies, summarized in several reviews, with a structural description of WIP interactions, highlighting works that present a molecular view of WIP's protein-protein interactions. This provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which WIP mediates its biological functions. The fully disordered WIP also serves as an intriguing example of how intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) exert their function. WIP consists of consecutive small functional domains and motifs that interact with a host of cellular partners, with a striking preponderance of proline-rich motif capable of interactions with several well-recognized binding partners; indeed, over 30% of the WIP primary structure are proline residues. We focus on the binding motifs and binding interfaces of three important WIP segments, the actin-binding N-terminal domain, the central domain that binds SH3 domains of various interaction partners, and the WASp-binding C-terminal domain. Beyond the obvious importance of a more fundamental understanding of the biology of this central cellular player, this approach carries an immediate and highly beneficial effect on drug-design efforts targeting WIP and its binding partners. These factors make the value of such structural studies, challenging as they are, readily apparent.
Collapse
|
21
|
PD-L1 promotes tumor growth and progression by activating WIP and β-catenin signaling pathways and predicts poor prognosis in lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:506. [PMID: 32632098 PMCID: PMC7338457 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1 is overexpressed in tumor cells and contributes to cancer immunoevasion. However, the role of the tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 in cancers remains unknown. Here we show that PD-L1 regulates lung cancer growth and progression by targeting the WIP and β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of PD-L1 promotes tumor cell growth, migration and invasion in lung cancer cells, whereas PD-L1 knockdown has the opposite effects. We have also identified WIP as a new downstream target of PD-L1 in lung cancer. PD-L1 positively modulates the expression of WIP. Knockdown of WIP also inhibits cell viability and colony formation, whereas PD-L1 overexpression can reverse this inhibition effects. In addition, PD-L1 can upregulate β-catenin by inhibiting its degradation through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, we show that in lung cancer cells β-catenin can bind to the WIP promoter and activate its transcription, which can be promoted by PD-L1 overexpression. The in vivo experiments in a human lung cancer mouse model have also confirmed the PD-L1-mediated promotion of tumor growth and progression through activating the WIP and β-catenin pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with WIP in tumor tissues of human adenocarcinoma patients and the high expression of PD-L1 and WIP predicts poor prognosis. Collectively, our results provide new insights into understanding the pro-tumorigenic role of PD-L1 and its regulatory mechanism on WIP in lung cancer, and suggest that the PD-L1/Akt/β-catenin/WIP signaling axis may be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers.
Collapse
|
22
|
Locard‐Paulet M, Voisinne G, Froment C, Goncalves Menoita M, Ounoughene Y, Girard L, Gregoire C, Mori D, Martinez M, Luche H, Garin J, Malissen M, Burlet‐Schiltz O, Malissen B, Gonzalez de Peredo A, Roncagalli R. LymphoAtlas: a dynamic and integrated phosphoproteomic resource of TCR signaling in primary T cells reveals ITSN2 as a regulator of effector functions. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9524. [PMID: 32618424 PMCID: PMC7333348 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation-mediated protein phosphorylation regulates the activation, cellular responses, and fates of T cells. Here, we used time-resolved high-resolution phosphoproteomics to identify, quantify, and characterize the phosphorylation dynamics of thousands of phosphorylation sites in primary T cells during the first 10 min after TCR stimulation. Bioinformatic analysis of the data revealed a coherent orchestration of biological processes underlying T-cell activation. In particular, functional modules associated with cytoskeletal remodeling, transcription, translation, and metabolic processes were mobilized within seconds after TCR engagement. Among proteins whose phosphorylation was regulated by TCR stimulation, we demonstrated, using a fast-track gene inactivation approach in primary lymphocytes, that the ITSN2 adaptor protein regulated T-cell effector functions. This resource, called LymphoAtlas, represents an integrated pipeline to further decipher the organization of the signaling network encoding T-cell activation. LymphoAtlas is accessible to the community at: https://bmm-lab.github.io/LymphoAtlas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Locard‐Paulet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS)Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
- Present address:
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Guillaume Voisinne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Carine Froment
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS)Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | | | - Youcef Ounoughene
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
- Centre d'ImmunophénomiqueINSERM, CNRS UMRAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Laura Girard
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
- Centre d'ImmunophénomiqueINSERM, CNRS UMRAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Claude Gregoire
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Daiki Mori
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
- Centre d'ImmunophénomiqueINSERM, CNRS UMRAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centre d'ImmunophénomiqueINSERM, CNRS UMRAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Hervé Luche
- Centre d'ImmunophénomiqueINSERM, CNRS UMRAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Jerôme Garin
- CEA, BIG, Biologie à Grande Echelle, INSERM, U1038Université Grenoble‐AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
- Centre d'ImmunophénomiqueINSERM, CNRS UMRAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Odile Burlet‐Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS)Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
- Centre d'ImmunophénomiqueINSERM, CNRS UMRAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS)Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐LuminyINSERM, CNRSAix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-based intercellular conduits that connect distant cells and allow intercellular transfer of molecular information, including genetic information, proteins, lipids, and even organelles. Besides providing a means of intercellular communication, TNTs may also be hijacked by pathogens, particularly viruses, to facilitate their spread. Viruses of many different families, including retroviruses, herpesviruses, orthomyxoviruses, and several others have been reported to trigger the formation of TNTs or TNT-like structures in infected cells and use these structures to efficiently spread to uninfected cells. In the current review, we give an overview of the information that is currently available on viruses and TNT-like structures, and we discuss some of the standing questions in this field.
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu J, Nie Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang R, Wang M, Chen S, Wang J, Li YQ, Xia J. Safeguarding intestine cells against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli by intracellular protein reaction, a preventive antibacterial mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5260-5268. [PMID: 32094196 PMCID: PMC7071885 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914567117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical problem in the fight against bacterial infection is the rising rates of resistance and the lack of new antibiotics. The discovery of new targets or new antibacterial mechanisms is a potential solution but is becoming more difficult. Here we report an antibacterial mechanism that safeguards intestine cells from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) by shutting down an infection-responsive signal of the host intestine cell. A key step in EPEC infection of intestinal cells involves Tir-induced actin reorganization. Nck mediates this event by binding with Tir through its SH2 domain (Nck-SH2) and with WIP through its second SH3 domain (Nck-SH3.2). Here we report the design of a synthetic peptide that reacts precisely with a unique cysteine of the Nck-SH3.2 domain, blocks the binding site of the Nck protein, and prevents EPEC infection of Caco-2 cells. Oral update of this nontoxic peptide before EPEC administration safeguards mice from EPEC infection and diarrhea. This study demonstrates domain-specific blockage of an SH3 domain of a multidomain adaptor protein inside cells and the inhibition of Tir-induced rearrangement of the host actin cytoskeleton as a previously unknown antibacterial mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunyu Nie
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linting Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China;
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang H, Leung C, Tahan S, Wang D. Entry by multiple picornaviruses is dependent on a pathway that includes TNK2, WASL, and NCK1. eLife 2019; 8:50276. [PMID: 31769754 PMCID: PMC6904212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge of the host factors required for picornavirus infection would facilitate antiviral development. Here we demonstrate roles for three human genes, TNK2, WASL, and NCK1, in infection by multiple picornaviruses. CRISPR deletion of TNK2, WASL, or NCK1 reduced encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), poliovirus and enterovirus D68 infection, and chemical inhibitors of TNK2 and WASL decreased EMCV infection. Reduced EMCV lethality was observed in mice lacking TNK2. TNK2, WASL, and NCK1 were important in early stages of the viral lifecycle, and genetic epistasis analysis demonstrated that the three genes function in a common pathway. Mechanistically, reduced internalization of EMCV was observed in TNK2 deficient cells demonstrating that TNK2 functions in EMCV entry. Domain analysis of WASL demonstrated that its actin nucleation activity was necessary to facilitate viral infection. Together, these data support a model wherein TNK2, WASL, and NCK1 comprise a pathway important for multiple picornaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Jiang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Christian Leung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Stephen Tahan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Michard C, Yum LK, Agaisse H. WIPF2 promotesShigella flexneriactin‐based motility and cell‐to‐cell spread. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13098. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Michard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Lauren K. Yum
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Hervé Agaisse
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Velle KB, Campellone KG. Enteropathogenic E. coli relies on collaboration between the formin mDia1 and the Arp2/3 complex for actin pedestal biogenesis and maintenance. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007485. [PMID: 30550556 PMCID: PMC6310289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC) are closely related extracellular pathogens that reorganize host cell actin into “pedestals” beneath the tightly adherent bacteria. This pedestal-forming activity is both a critical step in pathogenesis, and it makes EPEC and EHEC useful models for studying the actin rearrangements that underlie membrane protrusions. To generate pedestals, EPEC relies on the tyrosine phosphorylated bacterial effector protein Tir to bind host adaptor proteins that recruit N-WASP, a nucleation-promoting factor that activates the Arp2/3 complex to drive actin polymerization. In contrast, EHEC depends on the effector EspFU to multimerize N-WASP and promote Arp2/3 activation. Although these core pathways of pedestal assembly are well-characterized, the contributions of additional actin nucleation factors are unknown. We investigated potential cooperation between the Arp2/3 complex and other classes of nucleators using chemical inhibitors, siRNAs, and knockout cell lines. We found that inhibition of formins impairs actin pedestal assembly, motility, and cellular colonization for bacteria using the EPEC, but not the EHEC, pathway of actin polymerization. We also identified mDia1 as the formin contributing to EPEC pedestal assembly, as its expression level positively correlates with the efficiency of pedestal formation, and it localizes to the base of pedestals both during their initiation and once they have reached steady state. Collectively, our data suggest that mDia1 enhances EPEC pedestal biogenesis and maintenance by generating seed filaments to be used by the N-WASP-Arp2/3-dependent actin nucleation machinery and by sustaining Src-mediated phosphorylation of Tir. Microbial pathogens that rearrange the host actin cytoskeleton have made valuable contributions to our understanding of cell signaling and movement. The assembly and organization of the actin cytoskeleton is driven by proteins called nucleators, which can be manipulated by bacteria including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), a frequent cause of pediatric diarrhea in developing countries. After ingestion, EPEC adhere tightly to cells of the intestine and hijack the underlying cytoskeleton to create protrusions called actin pedestals. While mechanisms of pedestal assembly involving a nucleator called the Arp2/3 complex have been defined for EPEC, the contribution of additional host nucleators has not been determined. We assessed the roles of several actin nucleators in EPEC pedestals and found that in addition to Arp2/3 complex-mediated nucleation, the formin mDia1 is a key contributor to actin assembly. These findings highlight the importance of nucleator collaboration in pathogenesis, and also advance our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of EPEC infection, which is ultimately important for the discovery of new drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B. Velle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pfanzelter J, Mostowy S, Way M. Septins suppress the release of vaccinia virus from infected cells. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2911-2929. [PMID: 29921601 PMCID: PMC6080921 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are conserved components of the cytoskeleton that play important roles in many fundamental cellular processes including division, migration, and membrane trafficking. Septins can also inhibit bacterial infection by forming cage-like structures around pathogens such as Shigella We found that septins are recruited to vaccinia virus immediately after its fusion with the plasma membrane during viral egress. RNA interference-mediated depletion of septins increases virus release and cell-to-cell spread, as well as actin tail formation. Live cell imaging reveals that septins are displaced from the virus when it induces actin polymerization. Septin loss, however, depends on the recruitment of the SH2/SH3 adaptor Nck, but not the activity of the Arp2/3 complex. Moreover, it is the recruitment of dynamin by the third Nck SH3 domain that displaces septins from the virus in a formin-dependent fashion. Our study demonstrates that septins suppress vaccinia release by "entrapping" the virus at the plasma membrane. This antiviral effect is overcome by dynamin together with formin-mediated actin polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pfanzelter
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Section of Microbiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, England, UK,Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
WIPF1 antagonizes the tumor suppressive effect of miR-141/200c and is associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:167. [PMID: 30041660 PMCID: PMC6056910 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1) contributes to the invasion and metastasis of several malignancies. However, the role of WIPF1 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poorly understood. Methods Human pancreatic cancer samples from PDAC patients were collected for methylation analysis. Bioinformatic prediction program and luciferase reporter assay were used to identify microRNAs regulating WIPF1 expression. The association between WIPF1 expression and the overall survival (OS) of patients with PDAC was evaluated by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The roles of miR-141/200c and WIPF1 on the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that compared to the surrounding non-cancerous tissues, there was significantly increased methylation of miR-200c and miR-141 in human PDAC tissues that resulted in their silencing, whereas the members of the other cluster of miR-200 family including miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 were hypomethylated. Our data show that forced expression of miR-141 or miR-200c suppressed invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells both in vitro and in xenograft and identified WIPF1 as a direct target of miR-141 and miR-200c. Both miR-141 and miR-200c inhibit WIPF1 by directly interacting with its 3′-untranslated region. Remarkably, silencing of WIPF1 blocked PDAC growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, whereas forced WIPF1 overexpression antagonized the tumor suppressive effect of miR-141/200c. Additionally, by using TCGA database we showed that high expression of WIPF1 correlated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. Moreover, we show that miR-141 and miR-200c blocked YAP/TAZ expression by suppressing WIPF1. Conclusions We have identified WIPF1 as an oncoprotein in PDAC and a direct target of miR-141/miR-200c. We have also defined the miR-141/200c-WIPF1-YAP/TAZ as a novel signaling pathway that is involved in the regulation of the invasion and metastasis of human PDAC cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0848-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
30
|
Keppler SJ, Burbage M, Gasparrini F, Hartjes L, Aggarwal S, Massaad MJ, Geha RS, Bruckbauer A, Batista FD. The Lack of WIP Binding to Actin Results in Impaired B Cell Migration and Altered Humoral Immune Responses. Cell Rep 2018; 24:619-629. [PMID: 30021160 PMCID: PMC6077251 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a main cytoskeletal regulator in B cells. WASp-interacting protein (WIP) binds to and stabilizes WASp but also interacts with actin. Using mice with a mutated actin binding domain of WIP (WIPΔABD), we here investigated the role of WIP binding to actin during B cell activation. We found an altered differentiation of WIPΔABD B cells and diminished antibody affinity maturation after immunization. Mechanistically, WIPΔABD B cells showed impaired B cell receptor (BCR)-induced PI3K signaling and actin reorganization, likely caused by diminished CD81 expression and altered CD19 dynamics on the B cell surface. WIPΔABD B cells displayed reduced in vivo motility, concomitantly with impaired chemotaxis and defective F-actin polarization, HS1 phosphorylation, and polarization of HS1 to F-actin-rich structures after CXCL12 stimulation in vitro. We thus concluded that WIP binding to actin, independent of its binding to WASp, is critical for actin cytoskeleton plasticity in B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Jessica Keppler
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; MRI, TranslaTUM, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Immune Signals and Cancer, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marianne Burbage
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Lara Hartjes
- MRI, TranslaTUM, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Immune Signals and Cancer, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michel J Massaad
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Bruckbauer
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Facundo D Batista
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang T, Shen X, Liu R, Zhu G, Bishop J, Xing M. Epigenetically upregulated WIPF1 plays a major role in BRAF V600E-promoted papillary thyroid cancer aggressiveness. Oncotarget 2018; 8:900-914. [PMID: 27863429 PMCID: PMC5352205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
How the BRAF V600E mutation promotes the pathogenesis and aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is not completely understood. Here we explored a novel mechanism involving WASP interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1). In PTC tumors, compared with the wild-type BRAF, BRAF V600E was associated with over-expression and hypomethylation of the WIPF1 gene. In thyroid cancer cell lines with wild-type BRAF, WIPF1 expression was robustly upregulated upon introduced expression of BRAF V600E (P=0.03) whereas the opposite was seen upon BRAF knockdown or treatment with BRAF V600E or MEK inhibitors in cells harboring BRAF V600E. Methylation of a functionally critical region of the WIPF1 promoter was decreased by expressing BRAF V600E in cells harboring the wild-type BRAF and increased by BRAF knockdown or treatment with BRAF V600E or MEK inhibitors in cells harboring BRAF V600E mutation. Under-expression and hypermethylation of WIPF1 induced by stable BRAF knockdown was reversed by DNA demethylating agent 5′-azadeoxycytidine. Knockdown of WIPF1 robustly inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells and suppressed xenograft thyroid cancer tumor growth and vascular invasion, mimicking the effects of BRAF knockdown. In human PTC tumors, WIPF1 expression was associated with extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P=2.64E-05). In summary, BRAF V600E-activated MAP kinase pathway causes hypomethylation and overexpression of WIPF1; WIPF1 then functions like an oncoprotein to robustly promote aggressive cellular and tumor behaviors of PTC. This represents a novel mechanism in BRAF V600E-promoted PTC aggressiveness and identifies WIPF1 as a novel therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xiaopei Shen
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rengyun Liu
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Guangwu Zhu
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Justin Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Antón IM, Gómez-Oro C, Rivas S, Wandosell F. Crosstalk between WIP and Rho family GTPases. Small GTPases 2018; 11:160-166. [PMID: 29172947 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1390522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Through actin-binding proteins such as the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and WASP-interacting protein (WIP), the Rho family GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 are major modulators of the cytoskeleton. (N-)WASP and WIP control Rho GTPase activity in various cell types, either by direct WIP/(N-)WASP/Cdc42 or potential WIP/RhoA binding, or through secondary links that regulate GTPase distribution and/or transcription levels. WIP helps to regulate filopodium generation and participates in the Rac1-mediated ruffle formation that determines cell motility. In neurons, lack of WIP increases dendritic spine size and filamentous actin content in a RhoA-dependent manner. In contrast, WIP deficiency in an adenocarcinoma cell line significantly reduces RhoA levels. These data support a role for WIP in the GTPase-mediated regulation of numerous actin-related cell functions; we discuss the possibility that this WIP effect is linked to cell proliferative status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés M Antón
- Departamento de biología molecular y celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de neuropatología molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Gómez-Oro
- Departamento de biología molecular y celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Rivas
- Departamento de biología molecular y celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de neuropatología molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de neuropatología molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun Y, Leong NT, Jiang T, Tangara A, Darzacq X, Drubin DG. Switch-like Arp2/3 activation upon WASP and WIP recruitment to an apparent threshold level by multivalent linker proteins in vivo. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28813247 PMCID: PMC5559269 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex activation by nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) such as WASP, plays an important role in many actin-mediated cellular processes. In yeast, Arp2/3-mediated actin filament assembly drives endocytic membrane invagination and vesicle scission. Here we used genetics and quantitative live-cell imaging to probe the mechanisms that concentrate NPFs at endocytic sites, and to investigate how NPFs regulate actin assembly onset. Our results demonstrate that SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-PRM (proline-rich motif) interactions involving multivalent linker proteins play central roles in concentrating NPFs at endocytic sites. Quantitative imaging suggested that productive actin assembly initiation is tightly coupled to accumulation of threshold levels of WASP and WIP, but not to recruitment kinetics or release of autoinhibition. These studies provide evidence that WASP and WIP play central roles in establishment of a robust multivalent SH3 domain-PRM network in vivo, giving actin assembly onset at endocytic sites a switch-like behavior. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29140.001 Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in yeast, mammalian and other eukaryotic cells. It assembles into long chains known as filaments that the cell uses to generate forces for various purposes. For example, actin filaments are needed to pull part of the membrane surrounding the cell inwards to bring molecules from the external environment into the cell by a process called endocytosis. In yeast, a member of the WASP family of proteins promotes the assembly of actin filaments around the site where endocytosis will occur. To achieve this, WASP interacts with several other proteins including WIP and myosin, a motor protein that moves along actin filaments to generate mechanical forces. However, it was not clear how these proteins work together to trigger actin filaments to assemble at the right place and time. Sun et al. addressed this question by studying yeast cells with genetic mutations affecting one or more of these proteins. The experiments show that WASP, myosin and WIP are recruited to sites where endocytosis is about to occur through specific interactions with other proteins. For example, a region of WASP known as the proline-rich domain can bind to proteins that contain an “SH3” domain. WASP and WIP arrive first, stimulating actin to assemble in an “all and nothing” manner and attracting myosin to the actin. Further experiments indicate that WASP and WIP need to reach a threshold level before actin starts to assemble. The findings of Sun et al. suggest that WASP and WIP play key roles in establishing the network of proteins needed for actin filaments to assemble during endocytosis. These proteins are needed for many other processes in yeast and other cells, including mammalian cells. Therefore, the next steps will be to investigate whether WASP and WIP use the same mechanism to operate in other situations. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29140.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Nicole T Leong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Tommy Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Astou Tangara
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Carpentier DCJ, Van Loggerenberg A, Dieckmann NMG, Smith GL. Vaccinia virus egress mediated by virus protein A36 is reliant on the F12 protein. J Gen Virol 2017. [PMID: 28631604 PMCID: PMC5656793 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Egress of vaccinia virus from its host cell is mediated by the microtubule-associated motor kinesin-1, and three viral proteins, A36 and the F12/E2 complex, have been implicated in this process. Deletion of F12 expression causes a more severe reduction in egress than deletion of A36 but whether these proteins are involved in the same or different mechanisms of kinesin-1 recruitment is unknown. Here it is shown that a virus lacking both proteins forms a smaller plaque than mutants lacking either gene alone, indicating non-redundant functions. A36 not only links virions directly to kinesin-1 but also nucleates actin polymerization to propel surface virions away from the host cell. To address the relative importance of these functions for virus spread, a panel of recombinant viruses was constructed in which the ability of A36 to bind kinesin-1 or to nucleate actin polymerization was abrogated individually or together, in the presence or absence of F12 expression. Analysis of these viruses revealed that in the presence of the F12 protein, loss of kinesin-1 interaction made a greater contribution to plaque size than did the formation of actin tails. However in the absence of F12, the ability of A36 to promote egress was abrogated. Therefore, the ability of A36 to promote egress by kinesin-1 is reliant on the F12 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C J Carpentier
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | - Nele M G Dieckmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Present address: Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Geoffrey L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Snetkov X, Weisswange I, Pfanzelter J, Humphries AC, Way M. NPF motifs in the vaccinia virus protein A36 recruit intersectin-1 to promote Cdc42:N-WASP-mediated viral release from infected cells. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16141. [PMID: 27670116 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During its egress, vaccinia virus transiently recruits AP-2 and clathrin after fusion with the plasma membrane. This recruitment polarizes the viral protein A36 beneath the virus, enhancing actin polymerization and the spread of infection. We now demonstrate that three NPF motifs in the C-terminus of A36 recruit AP-2 and clathrin by interacting directly with the Epsin15 homology domains of Eps15 and intersectin-1. A36 is the first identified viral NPF motif containing protein shown to interact with endocytic machinery. Vaccinia still induces actin tails in the absence of the A36 NPF motifs. Their loss, however, reduces the cell-to-cell spread of vaccinia. This is due to a significant reduction in virus release from infected cells, as the lack of intersectin-1 recruitment leads to a loss of Cdc42 activation, impairing N-WASP-driven Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization. Our results suggest that initial A36-mediated virus release plays a more important role than A36-driven super-repulsion in promoting the cell-to-cell spread of vaccinia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Snetkov
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ina Weisswange
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Julia Pfanzelter
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ashley C Humphries
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vaccinia virus dissemination requires p21-activated kinase 1. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2991-3002. [PMID: 27465567 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The orthopoxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) interacts with both actin and microtubule cytoskeletons in order to generate and spread progeny virions. Here, we present evidence demonstrating the involvement of PAK1 (p21-activated kinase 1) in the dissemination of VACV. Although PAK1 activation has previously been associated with optimal VACV entry via macropinocytosis, its absence does not affect the production of intracellular mature virions (IMVs) and extracellular enveloped virions (EEVs). Our data demonstrate that low-multiplicity infection of PAK1(-/-) MEFs leads to a reduction in plaque size followed by decreased production of both IMVs and EEVs, strongly suggesting that virus spread was impaired in the absence of PAK1. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy showed a substantial reduction in the amount of VACV-induced actin tails in PAK1(-/-) MEFs, but no significant alteration in the total amount of cell-associated enveloped virions (CEVs). Furthermore, the decreased VACV dissemination in PAK1(-/-) cells was correlated with the absence of phosphorylated ARPC1 (Thr21), a downstream target of PAK1 and a key regulatory subunit of the ARP2/3 complex, which is necessary for the formation of actin tails and viral spread. We conclude that PAK1, besides its role in virus entry, also plays a relevant role in VACV dissemination.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Vaccinia virus dissemination relies on the recruitment of the nucleation promoting factor N-WASP underneath cell-associated extracellular virus (CEVs) and subsequent recruitment and activation of the ARP2/3 complex, a major actin nucleator of the host cell. We have recently discovered that, in addition to the N-WASP/ARP2/3 pathway, vaccinia actin-based motility also relies on the small GTPase Rac1 and its downstream effector the formin-type actin nucleator FHOD1. Here we discuss the potential signaling mechanisms supporting the integration of the N-WASP/ARP2/3 and Rac1/FHOD1 pathways. We suggest the existence of a receptor tyrosine kinase family member that would integrate the Src-dependent activation of the N-WASP/ARP2/3 pathway and the GTP exchange factor-dependent activation of the Rac1/FHOD1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Alvarez
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde; Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET ; San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
García E, Ragazzini C, Yu X, Cuesta-García E, Bernardino de la Serna J, Zech T, Sarrió D, Machesky LM, Antón IM. WIP and WICH/WIRE co-ordinately control invadopodium formation and maturation in human breast cancer cell invasion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23590. [PMID: 27009365 PMCID: PMC4806363 DOI: 10.1038/srep23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells form actin-rich degradative protrusions (invasive pseudopods and invadopodia), which allows their efficient dispersal during metastasis. Using biochemical and advanced imaging approaches, we demonstrate that the N-WASP-interactors WIP and WICH/WIRE play non-redundant roles in cancer cell invasion. WIP interacts with N-WASP and cortactin and is essential for invadopodium assembly, whereas WICH/WIRE regulates N-WASP activation to control invadopodium maturation and degradative activity. Our data also show that Nck interaction with WIP and WICH/WIRE modulates invadopodium maturation; changes in WIP and WICH/WIRE levels induce differential distribution of Nck. We show that WIP can replace WICH/WIRE functions and that elevated WIP levels correlate with high invasiveness. These findings identify a role for WICH/WIRE in invasiveness and highlight WIP as a hub for signaling molecule recruitment during invadopodium generation and cancer progression, as well as a potential diagnostic biomarker and an optimal target for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther García
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Xinzi Yu
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell-Oxford, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Inés M. Antón
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Comrie WA, Burkhardt JK. Action and Traction: Cytoskeletal Control of Receptor Triggering at the Immunological Synapse. Front Immunol 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 27014258 PMCID: PMC4779853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that F-actin dynamics drive the micron-scale cell shape changes required for migration and immunological synapse (IS) formation. In addition, recent evidence points to a more intimate role for the actin cytoskeleton in promoting T cell activation. Mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical input into intracellular biochemical changes, is thought to play a critical role in several aspects of immunoreceptor triggering and downstream signal transduction. Multiple molecules associated with signaling events at the IS have been shown to respond to physical force, including the TCR, costimulatory molecules, adhesion molecules, and several downstream adapters. In at least some cases, it is clear that the relevant forces are exerted by dynamics of the T cell actomyosin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, there is evidence that the cytoskeleton of the antigen-presenting cell also plays an active role in T cell activation, by countering the molecular forces exerted by the T cell at the IS. Since actin polymerization is itself driven by TCR and costimulatory signaling pathways, a complex relationship exists between actin dynamics and receptor activation. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanosensitive aspects of T cell activation, paying specific attention to how F-actin-directed forces applied from both sides of the IS fit into current models of receptor triggering and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Comrie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abella JVG, Galloni C, Pernier J, Barry DJ, Kjær S, Carlier MF, Way M. Isoform diversity in the Arp2/3 complex determines actin filament dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 18:76-86. [PMID: 26655834 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex consists of seven evolutionarily conserved subunits (Arp2, Arp3 and ARPC1-5) and plays an essential role in generating branched actin filament networks during many different cellular processes. In mammals, however, the ARPC1 and ARPC5 subunits are each encoded by two isoforms that are 67% identical. This raises the possibility that Arp2/3 complexes with different properties may exist. We found that Arp2/3 complexes containing ARPC1B and ARPC5L are significantly better at promoting actin assembly than those with ARPC1A and ARPC5, both in cells and in vitro. Branched actin networks induced by complexes containing ARPC1B or ARPC5L are also disassembled ∼2-fold slower than those formed by their counterparts. This difference reflects the ability of cortactin to stabilize ARPC1B- and ARPC5L- but not ARPC1A- and ARPC5-containing complexes against coronin-mediated disassembly. Our observations demonstrate that the Arp2/3 complex in higher eukaryotes is actually a family of complexes with different properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine V G Abella
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Chiara Galloni
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Julien Pernier
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurale, I2BC, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David J Barry
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Svend Kjær
- The Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Marie-France Carlier
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurale, I2BC, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Borinskaya S, Velle KB, Campellone KG, Talman A, Alvarez D, Agaisse H, Wu YI, Loew LM, Mayer BJ. Integration of linear and dendritic actin nucleation in Nck-induced actin comets. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:247-59. [PMID: 26609071 PMCID: PMC4713129 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Nck adaptor protein in balancing linear versus branched actin nucleation in comet tails is evaluated. Nck recruits both linear and branched nucleation-promoting factors, both of which are necessary for the formation of actin comets. The findings highlight a novel role for Nck in pathogen-like actin motility. The Nck adaptor protein recruits cytosolic effectors such as N-WASP that induce localized actin polymerization. Experimental aggregation of Nck SH3 domains at the membrane induces actin comet tails—dynamic, elongated filamentous actin structures similar to those that drive the movement of microbial pathogens such as vaccinia virus. Here we show that experimental manipulation of the balance between unbranched/branched nucleation altered the morphology and dynamics of Nck-induced actin comets. Inhibition of linear, formin-based nucleation with the small-molecule inhibitor SMIFH2 or overexpression of the formin FH1 domain resulted in formation of predominantly circular-shaped actin structures with low mobility (actin blobs). These results indicate that formin-based linear actin polymerization is critical for the formation and maintenance of Nck-dependent actin comet tails. Consistent with this, aggregation of an exclusively branched nucleation-promoting factor (the VCA domain of N-WASP), with density and turnover similar to those of N-WASP in Nck comets, did not reconstitute dynamic, elongated actin comets. Furthermore, enhancement of branched Arp2/3-mediated nucleation by N-WASP overexpression caused loss of the typical actin comet tail shape induced by Nck aggregation. Thus the ratio of linear to dendritic nucleation activity may serve to distinguish the properties of actin structures induced by various viral and bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Borinskaya
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Katrina B Velle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Arthur Talman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Diego Alvarez
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University of San Martin, 1650 San Martin, Argentina
| | - Hervé Agaisse
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Yi I Wu
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030 Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Leslie M Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Bruce J Mayer
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030 Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Actin filament networks assemble on cellular membranes in response to signals that locally activate neural Wiskott-Aldrich-syndrome protein (N-WASP) and the Arp2/3 complex. An inactive conformation of N-WASP is stabilized by intramolecular contacts between the GTPase binding domain (GBD) and the C helix of the verprolin-homology, connector-helix, acidic motif (VCA) segment. Multiple SH3 domain-containing adapter proteins can bind and possibly activate N-WASP, but it remains unclear how such binding events relieve autoinhibition to unmask the VCA segment and activate the Arp2/3 complex. Here, we have used purified components to reconstitute a signaling cascade driven by membrane-localized Src homology 3 (SH3) adapters and N-WASP, resulting in the assembly of dynamic actin networks. Among six SH3 adapters tested, Nck was the most potent activator of N-WASP-driven actin assembly. We identify within Nck a previously unrecognized activation motif in a linker between the first two SH3 domains. This linker sequence, reminiscent of bacterial virulence factors, directly engages the N-WASP GBD and competes with VCA binding. Our results suggest that animals, like pathogenic bacteria, have evolved peptide motifs that allosterically activate N-WASP, leading to localized actin nucleation on cellular membranes.
Collapse
|
44
|
Keppler SJ, Gasparrini F, Burbage M, Aggarwal S, Frederico B, Geha RS, Way M, Bruckbauer A, Batista FD. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Interacting Protein Deficiency Uncovers the Role of the Co-receptor CD19 as a Generic Hub for PI3 Kinase Signaling in B Cells. Immunity 2015; 43:660-73. [PMID: 26453379 PMCID: PMC4622935 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Humans with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome display a progressive immunological disorder associated with compromised Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Interacting Protein (WIP) function. Mice deficient in WIP recapitulate such an immunodeficiency that has been attributed to T cell dysfunction; however, any contribution of B cells is as yet undefined. Here we have shown that WIP deficiency resulted in defects in B cell homing, chemotaxis, survival, and differentiation, ultimately leading to diminished germinal center formation and antibody production. Furthermore, in the absence of WIP, several receptors, namely the BCR, BAFFR, CXCR4, CXCR5, CD40, and TLR4, were impaired in promoting CD19 co-receptor activation and subsequent PI3 kinase (PI3K) signaling. The underlying mechanism was due to a distortion in the actin and tetraspanin networks that lead to altered CD19 cell surface dynamics. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, by regulating the cortical actin cytoskeleton, WIP influences the function of CD19 as a general hub for PI3K signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Jessica Keppler
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Francesca Gasparrini
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Marianne Burbage
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Bruno Frederico
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Way
- Cell Motility Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Andreas Bruckbauer
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Facundo D Batista
- Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Newsome TP, Marzook NB. Viruses that ride on the coat-tails of actin nucleation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:155-63. [PMID: 26459972 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin nucleation drives a diversity of critical cellular processes and the motility of a select group of viral pathogens. Vaccinia virus and baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, recruit and activate the cellular actin nucleator, the Arp2/3 complex, at the surface of virus particles thereby instigating highly localized actin nucleation. The extension of these filaments provides a mechanical force that bestows the ability to navigate the intracellular environment and promote their infectious cycles. This review outlines the viral and cellular proteins that initiate and regulate the signalling networks leading to viral modification of the actin cytoskeleton and summarizes recent insights into the role of actin-based virus transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Newsome
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - N Bishara Marzook
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Iizuka Y, Cichocki F, Sieben A, Sforza F, Karim R, Coughlin K, Isaksson Vogel R, Gavioli R, McCullar V, Lenvik T, Lee M, Miller J, Bazzaro M. UNC-45A Is a Nonmuscle Myosin IIA Chaperone Required for NK Cell Cytotoxicity via Control of Lytic Granule Secretion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4760-70. [PMID: 26438524 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cell's killing is a tightly regulated process under the control of specific cytoskeletal proteins. This includes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-interacting protein, cofilin, Munc13-4, and nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA). These proteins play a key role in controlling NK-mediated cytotoxicity either via regulating the attachment of lytic granules to the actin-based cytoskeleton or via promoting the cytoskeletal reorganization that is requisite for lytic granule release. UNC-45A is a highly conserved member of the UNC-45/CRO1/She4p family of proteins that act as chaperones for both conventional and nonconventional myosin. Although we and others have shown that in lower organisms and in mammalian cells NMIIA-associated functions, such as cytokinesis, cell motility, and organelle trafficking, are dependent upon the presence of UNC-45A, its role in NK-mediated functions is largely unknown. In this article, we describe UNC-45A as a key regulator of NK-mediated cell toxicity. Specifically we show that, in human NK cells, UNC-45A localize at the NK cell immunological synapse of activated NK cells and is part of the multiprotein complex formed during NK cell activation. Furthermore, we show that UNC-45A is disposable for NK cell immunological synapse formation and lytic granules reorientation but crucial for lytic granule exocytosis. Lastly, loss of UNC-45A leads to reduced NMIIA binding to actin, suggesting that UNC-45A is a crucial component in regulating human NK cell cytoskeletal dynamics via promoting the formation of actomyosin complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Frank Cichocki
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Andrew Sieben
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Fabio Sforza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Razaul Karim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kathleen Coughlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Rachel Isaksson Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Valarie McCullar
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Todd Lenvik
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jeffrey Miller
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Revach OY, Geiger B. The interplay between the proteolytic, invasive, and adhesive domains of invadopodia and their roles in cancer invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:215-25. [PMID: 24714132 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions of the plasma membrane that penetrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enzymatically degrade it. Invadopodia and podosomes, often referred to, collectively, as "invadosomes," are actin-based membrane protrusions that facilitate matrix remodeling and cell invasion across tissues, processes that occur under specific physiological conditions such as bone remodeling, as well as under pathological states such as bone, immune disorders, and cancer metastasis. In this review, we specifically focus on the functional architecture of invadopodia in cancer cells; we discuss here three functional domains of invadopodia responsible for the metalloproteinase-based degradation of the ECM, the cytoskeleton-based mechanical penetration into the matrix, and the integrin adhesome-based adhesion to the ECM. We will describe the structural and molecular organization of each domain and the cross-talk between them during the invasion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Leite F, Way M. The role of signalling and the cytoskeleton during Vaccinia Virus egress. Virus Res 2015; 209:87-99. [PMID: 25681743 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that are critically dependent on their hosts to replicate and generate new progeny. To achieve this goal, viruses have evolved numerous elegant strategies to subvert and utilise the different cellular machineries and processes of their unwilling hosts. Moreover, they often accomplish this feat with a surprisingly limited number of proteins. Among the different systems of the cell, the cytoskeleton is often one of the first to be hijacked as it provides a convenient transport system for viruses to reach their site of replication with relative ease. At the latter stages of their replication cycle, the cytoskeleton also provides an efficient means for newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane and leave the infected cell. In this review we discuss how Vaccinia virus takes advantage of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons of its host to promote the spread of infection into neighboring cells. In particular, we highlight how analysis of actin-based motility of Vaccinia has provided unprecedented insights into how a phosphotyrosine-based signalling network is assembled and functions to stimulate Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization. We also suggest that the formin FHOD1 promotes actin-based motility of the virus by capping the fast growing ends of actin filaments rather than directly promoting filament assembly. We have come a long way since 1976, when electron micrographs of vaccinia-infected cells implicated the actin cytoskeleton in promoting viral spread. Nevertheless, there are still many unanswered questions concerning the role of signalling and the host cytoskeleton in promoting viral spread and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Leite
- Cell Motility Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cell Motility Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Young JC, Clements A, Lang AE, Garnett JA, Munera D, Arbeloa A, Pearson J, Hartland EL, Matthews SJ, Mousnier A, Barry DJ, Way M, Schlosser A, Aktories K, Frankel G. The Escherichia coli effector EspJ blocks Src kinase activity via amidation and ADP ribosylation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5887. [PMID: 25523213 PMCID: PMC4284639 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection is the formation of actin-rich pedestal-like structures, which are generated following phosphorylation of the bacterial effector Tir by cellular Src and Abl family tyrosine kinases. This leads to recruitment of the Nck-WIP-N-WASP complex that triggers Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization in the host cell. The same phosphorylation-mediated signalling network is also assembled downstream of the Vaccinia virus protein A36 and the phagocytic Fc-gamma receptor FcγRIIa. Here we report that the EPEC type-III secretion system effector EspJ inhibits autophosphorylation of Src and phosphorylation of the Src substrates Tir and FcγRIIa. Consistent with this, EspJ inhibits actin polymerization downstream of EPEC, Vaccinia virus and opsonized red blood cells. We identify EspJ as a unique adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosyltransferase that directly inhibits Src kinase by simultaneous amidation and ADP ribosylation of the conserved kinase-domain residue, Src E310, resulting in glutamine-ADP ribose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C. Young
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Abigail Clements
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Alexander E. Lang
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - James A. Garnett
- Centre for Structural Biology, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Diana Munera
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Ana Arbeloa
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Jaclyn Pearson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Hartland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Aurelie Mousnier
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - David J. Barry
- Cell Motility Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cell Motility Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gad Frankel
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Vaccinia virus dissemination relies on the recruitment of the nucleation promoting factor N-WASP underneath cell-associated extracellular virus (CEVs) and subsequent recruitment and activation of the ARP2/3 complex, a major actin nucleator of the host cell. We have recently discovered that, in addition to the N-WASP/ARP2/3 pathway, vaccinia actin-based motility also relies on the small GTPase Rac1 and its downstream effector the formin-type actin nucleator FHOD1. Here we discuss the potential signaling mechanisms supporting the integration of the N-WASP/ARP2/3 and Rac1/FHOD1 pathways. We suggest the existence of a receptor tyrosine kinase family member that would integrate the Src-dependent activation of the N-WASP/ARP2/3 pathway and the GTP exchange factor-dependent activation of the Rac1/FHOD1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Alvarez
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde ; Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET ; San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|