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Yan C, Jin G, Li L. Spinal scoliosis: insights into developmental mechanisms and animal models. Spine Deform 2024:10.1007/s43390-024-00941-9. [PMID: 39164474 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-024-00941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Spinal scoliosis, a prevalent spinal deformity impacting both physical and mental well-being, has a significant genetic component, though the exact pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of current research on embryonic spinal development, focusing on the genetic and biological intricacies governing axial elongation and straightening. Zebrafish, a vital model in developmental biology, takes a prominent role in understanding spinal scoliosis. Insights from zebrafish studies illustrate genetic and physiological aspects, including notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, revealing the anomalies contributing to scoliosis. In this review, we acknowledge existing challenges, such as deciphering the unique dynamics of human spinal development, variations in physiological curvature, and disparities in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Further, we emphasize the need for caution when extrapolating findings to humans and for future research to bridge current knowledge gaps. We hope that this review will be a beneficial frame of reference for the guidance of future studies on animal models and genetic research for spinal scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongnan Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Guoxin Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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2
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Voigt B, Frazier K, Yazdi D, Gontarz P, Zhang B, Sepich DS, Solnica-Krezel L, Gray RS. A conserved regulation of cell expansion underlies notochord mechanics, spine morphogenesis, and endochondral bone lengthening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.12.607640. [PMID: 39211248 PMCID: PMC11361061 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.12.607640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell size is a key contributor to tissue morphogenesis 1 . As a notable example, growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes use cellular biogenesis and disproportionate fluid uptake to expand 10-20 times in size to drive lengthening of endochondral bone 2,3 . Similarly, notochordal cells expand to one of the largest cell types in the developing embryo to drive axial extension 4-6 . In zebrafish, the notochord vacuolated cells undergo vacuole fusion to form a single large, fluid-filled vacuole that fills the cytoplasmic space and contributes to vacuolated cell expansion 7 . When this process goes awry, the notochord lacks sufficient hydrostatic pressure to support vertebral bone deposition resulting in adult spines with misshapen vertebral bones and scoliosis 8 . However, it remains unclear whether endochondral bone and the notochord share common genetic and cellular mechanisms for regulating cell and tissue expansion. Here, we demonstrate that the 5'-inositol phosphatase gene, inppl1a , regulates notochord expansion, spine morphogenesis, and endochondral bone lengthening in zebrafish. Furthermore, we show that inppl1a regulates notochord expansion independent of vacuole fusion, thereby genetically decoupling these processes. We demonstrate that inppl1a -dependent notochord expansion is essential to establish normal mechanical properties of the notochord to facilitate the development of a straight spine. Finally, we find that inppl1a is also important for endochondral bone lengthening in fish, as has been shown in the human INPPL1 -related endochondral bone disorder, Opsismodysplasia 9 . Overall, this work reveals a conserved mechanism of cell size regulation that influences disparate tissues critical for skeletal development and short-stature disorders.
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3
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Wopat S, Adhyapok P, Daga B, Crawford JM, Norman J, Bagwell J, Peskin B, Magre I, Fogerson SM, Levic DS, Di Talia S, Kiehart DP, Charbonneau P, Bagnat M. Notochord segmentation in zebrafish controlled by iterative mechanical signaling. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1860-1875.e5. [PMID: 38697108 PMCID: PMC11265980 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In bony fishes, patterning of the vertebral column, or spine, is guided by a metameric blueprint established in the notochord sheath. Notochord segmentation begins days after somitogenesis concludes and can occur in its absence. However, somite patterning defects lead to imprecise notochord segmentation, suggesting that these processes are linked. Here, we identify that interactions between the notochord and the axial musculature ensure precise spatiotemporal segmentation of the zebrafish spine. We demonstrate that myoseptum-notochord linkages drive notochord segment initiation by locally deforming the notochord extracellular matrix and recruiting focal adhesion machinery at these contact points. Irregular somite patterning alters this mechanical signaling, causing non-sequential and dysmorphic notochord segmentation, leading to altered spine development. Using a model that captures myoseptum-notochord interactions, we find that a fixed spatial interval is critical for driving sequential segment initiation. Thus, mechanical coupling of axial tissues facilitates spatiotemporal spine patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wopat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyom Adhyapok
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bijoy Daga
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - James Norman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brianna Peskin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Indrasen Magre
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Levic
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefano Di Talia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Patrick Charbonneau
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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4
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Colijn S, Nambara M, Malin G, Sacchetti EA, Stratman AN. Identification of distinct vascular mural cell populations during zebrafish embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:519-541. [PMID: 38112237 PMCID: PMC11065631 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mural cells are an essential perivascular cell population that associate with blood vessels and contribute to vascular stabilization and tone. In the embryonic zebrafish vasculature, pdgfrb and tagln are commonly used as markers for identifying pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the overlapping and distinct expression patterns of these markers in tandem have not been fully described. RESULTS Here, we used the Tg(pdgfrb:Gal4FF; UAS:RFP) and Tg(tagln:NLS-EGFP) transgenic lines to identify single- and double-positive perivascular cell populations on the cranial, axial, and intersegmental vessels between 1 and 5 days postfertilization. From this comparative analysis, we discovered two novel regions of tagln-positive cell populations that have the potential to function as mural cell precursors. Specifically, we found that the hypochord-a reportedly transient structure-contributes to tagln-positive cells along the dorsal aorta. We also identified a unique mural cell progenitor population that resides along the midline between the neural tube and notochord and contributes to intersegmental vessel mural cell coverage. CONCLUSION Together, our findings highlight the variability and versatility of tracking both pdgfrb and tagln expression in mural cells of the developing zebrafish embryo and reveal unexpected embryonic cell populations that express pdgfrb and tagln.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Miku Nambara
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gracie Malin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Elena A. Sacchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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5
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Lim JE, Bernatchez P, Nabi IR. Scaffolds and the scaffolding domain: an alternative paradigm for caveolin-1 signaling. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:947-959. [PMID: 38526159 PMCID: PMC11088920 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a 22 kDa intracellular protein that is the main protein constituent of bulb-shaped membrane invaginations known as caveolae. Cav1 can be also found in functional non-caveolar structures at the plasma membrane called scaffolds. Scaffolds were originally described as SDS-resistant oligomers composed of 10-15 Cav1 monomers observable as 8S complexes by sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation. Recently, cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) and super-resolution microscopy have shown that 8S complexes are interlocking structures composed of 11 Cav1 monomers each, which further assemble modularly to form higher-order scaffolds and caveolae. In addition, Cav1 can act as a critical signaling regulator capable of direct interactions with multiple client proteins, in particular, the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), a role believed by many to be attributable to the highly conserved and versatile scaffolding domain (CSD). However, as the CSD is a hydrophobic domain located by cryoEM to the periphery of the 8S complex, it is predicted to be enmeshed in membrane lipids. This has led some to challenge its ability to interact directly with client proteins and argue that it impacts signaling only indirectly via local alteration of membrane lipids. Here, based on recent advances in our understanding of higher-order Cav1 structure formation, we discuss how the Cav1 CSD may function through both lipid and protein interaction and propose an alternate view in which structural modifications to Cav1 oligomers may impact exposure of the CSD to cytoplasmic client proteins, such as eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Lim
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Room 217, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Room 217, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ivan R. Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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6
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Curcio EJ, Lubkin SR. Flexural rigidity of pressurized model notochords in regular packing patterns. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203895. [PMID: 38040291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The biomechanics of embryonic notochords are studied using an elastic membrane model. An initial study varying internal pressure and stiffness ratio determines tension and geometric ratios as a function of internal pressure, membrane stiffness ratio, and cell packing pattern. A subsequent three-point bending study determines flexural rigidity as a function of internal pressure, configuration, and orientation. Flexural rigidity is found to be independent of membrane stiffness ratio. Controlling for number and volume of cells and their internal pressure, the eccentric staircase pattern of cell packing has more than double the flexural rigidity of the radially symmetric bamboo pattern. Moreover, the eccentric staircase pattern is found to be more than twice as stiff in lateral bending than in dorsoventral bending. This suggests a mechanical advantage to the eccentric WT staircase pattern of the embryonic notochord, over patterns with round cross-section.
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7
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Warin J, Vedrenne N, Tam V, Zhu M, Yin D, Lin X, Guidoux-D’halluin B, Humeau A, Roseiro L, Paillat L, Chédeville C, Chariau C, Riemers F, Templin M, Guicheux J, Tryfonidou MA, Ho JW, David L, Chan D, Camus A. In vitro and in vivo models define a molecular signature reference for human embryonic notochordal cells. iScience 2024; 27:109018. [PMID: 38357665 PMCID: PMC10865399 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the emergence of human notochordal cells (NC) is essential for the development of regenerative approaches. We present a comprehensive investigation into the specification and generation of bona fide NC using a straightforward pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based system benchmarked with human fetal notochord. By integrating in vitro and in vivo transcriptomic data at single-cell resolution, we establish an extended molecular signature and overcome the limitations associated with studying human notochordal lineage at early developmental stages. We show that TGF-β inhibition enhances the yield and homogeneity of notochordal lineage commitment in vitro. Furthermore, this study characterizes regulators of cell-fate decision and matrisome enriched in the notochordal niche. Importantly, we identify specific cell-surface markers opening avenues for differentiation refinement, NC purification, and functional studies. Altogether, this study provides a human notochord transcriptomic reference that will serve as a resource for notochord identification in human systems, diseased-tissues modeling, and facilitating future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Warin
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
- Inserm, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, CHU Limoges, Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengxia Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danqing Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bluwen Guidoux-D’halluin
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Humeau
- Inserm, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, CHU Limoges, Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Luce Roseiro
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lily Paillat
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Chédeville
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Chariau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, BioCore, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Frank Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua W.K. Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laurent David
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, BioCore, 44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CR2TI, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Camus
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
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8
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Brooks JW, Tillu V, Eckert J, Verma S, Collins BM, Parton RG, Yap AS. Caveola mechanotransduction reinforces the cortical cytoskeleton to promote epithelial resilience. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar120. [PMID: 37672337 PMCID: PMC10846620 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As physical barriers, epithelia must preserve their integrity when challenged by mechanical stresses. Cell-cell junctions linked to the cortical cytoskeleton play key roles in this process, often with mechanotransduction mechanisms that reinforce tissues. Caveolae are mechanosensitive organelles that buffer tension via disassembly. Loss of caveolae, through caveolin-1 or cavin1 depletion, causes activation of PtdIns(4, 5)P2 signaling, recruitment of FMNL2 formin, and enhanced-cortical actin assembly. How this equates to physiological responses in epithelial cells containing endogenous caveolae is unknown. Here we examined the effect of mechanically inducing acute disassembly of caveolae in epithelia. We show that perturbation of caveolae, through direct mechanical stress, reinforces the actin cortex at adherens junctions. Increasing interactions with membrane lipids by introducing multiple phosphatidylserine-binding undecad cavin1 (UC1) repeat domains into cavin1 rendered caveolae more stable to mechanical stimuli. This molecular stabilization blocked cortical reinforcement in response to mechanical stress. Cortical reinforcement elicited by the mechanically induced disassembly of caveolae increased epithelial resilience against tensile stresses. These findings identify the actin cortex as a target of caveola mechanotransduction that contributes to epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Brooks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Vikas Tillu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Julia Eckert
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Suzie Verma
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia 4072
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9
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Hall TE, Ariotti N, Lo HP, Rae J, Ferguson C, Martel N, Lim YW, Giacomotto J, Parton RG. Cell surface plasticity in response to shape change in the whole organism. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4276-4284.e4. [PMID: 37729911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane rupture can result in catastrophic cell death. The skeletal muscle fiber plasma membrane, the sarcolemma, provides an extreme example of a membrane subject to mechanical stress since these cells specifically evolved to generate contraction and movement. A quantitative model correlating ultrastructural remodeling of surface architecture with tissue changes in vivo is required to understand how membrane domains contribute to the shape changes associated with tissue deformation in whole animals. We and others have shown that loss of caveolae, small invaginations of the plasma membrane particularly prevalent in the muscle sarcolemma, renders the plasma membrane more susceptible to rupture during stretch.1,2,3 While it is thought that caveolae are able to flatten and be absorbed into the bulk membrane to buffer local membrane expansion, a direct demonstration of this model in vivo has been unachievable since it would require measurement of caveolae at the nanoscale combined with detailed whole-animal morphometrics under conditions of perturbation. Here, we describe the development and application of the "active trapping model" where embryonic zebrafish are immobilized in a curved state that mimics natural body axis curvature during an escape response. The model is amenable to multiscale, multimodal imaging including high-resolution whole-animal three-dimensional quantitative electron microscopy. Using the active trapping model, we demonstrate the essential role of caveolae in maintaining sarcolemmal integrity and quantify the specific contribution of caveolar-derived membrane to surface expansion. We show that caveolae directly contribute to an increase in plasma membrane surface area under physiologically relevant membrane deformation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Hall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Harriet P Lo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James Rae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Martel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ye-Wheen Lim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jean Giacomotto
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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10
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Rebello D, Wohler E, Erfani V, Li G, Aguilera AN, Santiago-Cornier A, Zhao S, Hwang SW, Steiner RD, Zhang TJ, Gurnett CA, Raggio C, Wu N, Sobreira N, Giampietro PF, Ciruna B. COL11A2 as a candidate gene for vertebral malformations and congenital scoliosis. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2913-2928. [PMID: 37462524 PMCID: PMC10508038 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vertebral malformations (VMs) have an estimated incidence of 1/2000 and are associated with significant health problems including congenital scoliosis (CS) and recurrent organ system malformation syndromes such as VACTERL (vertebral anomalies; anal abnormalities; cardiac abnormalities; tracheo-esophageal fistula; renal anomalies; limb anomalies). The genetic cause for the vast majority of VMs are unknown. In a CS/VM patient cohort, three COL11A2 variants (R130W, R1407L and R1413H) were identified in two patients with cervical VM. A third patient with a T9 hemivertebra and the R130W variant was identified from a separate study. These substitutions are predicted to be damaging to protein function, and R130 and R1407 residues are conserved in zebrafish Col11a2. To determine the role for COL11A2 in vertebral development, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to create a nonsense mutation (col11a2L642*) as well as a full gene locus deletion (col11a2del) in zebrafish. Both col11a2L642*/L642* and col11a2del/del mutant zebrafish exhibit vertebral fusions in the caudal spine, which form due to mineralization across intervertebral segments. To determine the functional consequence of VM-associated variants, we assayed their ability to suppress col11a2del VM phenotypes following transgenic expression within the developing spine. While wildtype col11a2 expression suppresses fusions in col11a2del/+ and col11a2del/del backgrounds, patient missense variant-bearing col11a2 failed to rescue the loss-of-function phenotype in these animals. These results highlight an essential role for COL11A2 in vertebral development and support a pathogenic role for two missense variants in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rebello
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vida Erfani
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Guozhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Alexya N Aguilera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alberto Santiago-Cornier
- Genetic Section, San Jorge Children’s and Women’s Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00912, USA
- Department of Public Health, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00912, USA
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven W Hwang
- Shriners Children’s-Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Robert D Steiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 54449, USA
- Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip F Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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11
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Williams RJ, Laagland LT, Bach FC, Ward L, Chan W, Tam V, Medzikovic A, Basatvat S, Paillat L, Vedrenne N, Snuggs JW, Poramba-Liyanage DW, Hoyland JA, Chan D, Camus A, Richardson SM, Tryfonidou MA, Le Maitre CL. Recommendations for intervertebral disc notochordal cell investigation: From isolation to characterization. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1272. [PMID: 37780826 PMCID: PMC10540834 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lineage-tracing experiments have established that the central region of the mature intervertebral disc, the nucleus pulposus (NP), develops from the embryonic structure called "the notochord". However, changes in the cells derived from the notochord which form the NP (i.e., notochordal cells [NCs]), in terms of their phenotype and functional identity from early developmental stages to skeletal maturation are less understood. These key issues require further investigation to better comprehend the role of NCs in homeostasis and degeneration as well as their potential for regeneration. Progress in utilizing NCs is currently hampered due to poor consistency and lack of consensus methodology for in vitro NC extraction, manipulation, and characterization. Methods Here, an international group has come together to provide key recommendations and methodologies for NC isolation within key species, numeration, in vitro manipulation and culture, and characterization. Results Recommeded protocols are provided for isolation and culture of NCs. Experimental testing provided recommended methodology for numeration of NCs. The issues of cryopreservation are demonstrated, and a pannel of immunohistochemical markers are provided to inform NC characterization. Conclusions Together we hope this article provides a road map for in vitro studies of NCs to support advances in research into NC physiology and their potential in regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Williams
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Lisanne T Laagland
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Frances C Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lizzy Ward
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Wilson Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Adel Medzikovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Shaghayegh Basatvat
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Lily Paillat
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Joseph W Snuggs
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Deepani W Poramba-Liyanage
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Anne Camus
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
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12
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Peskin B, Norman J, Bagwell J, Lin A, Adhyapok P, Di Talia S, Bagnat M. Dynamic BMP signaling mediates notochord segmentation in zebrafish. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00671-1. [PMID: 37285843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate spine is a metameric structure composed of alternating vertebral bodies (centra) and intervertebral discs.1 Recent studies in zebrafish have shown that the epithelial sheath surrounding the notochord differentiates into alternating cartilage-like (col2a1/col9a2+) and mineralizing (entpd5a+) segments which serve as a blueprint for centra formation.2,3,4,5 This process also defines the trajectories of migrating sclerotomal cells that form the mature vertebral bodies.4 Previous work demonstrated that notochord segmentation is typically sequential and involves the segmented activation of Notch signaling.2 However, it is unclear how Notch is activated in an alternating and sequential fashion. Furthermore, the molecular components that define segment size, regulate segment growth, and produce sharp segment boundaries have not been identified. In this study, we uncover that a BMP signaling wave acts upstream of Notch during zebrafish notochord segmentation. Using genetically encoded reporters of BMP activity and signaling pathway components, we show that BMP signaling is dynamic as axial patterning progresses, leading to the sequential formation of mineralizing domains in the notochord sheath. Genetic manipulations reveal that type I BMP receptor activation is sufficient to ectopically trigger Notch signaling. Moreover, loss of Bmpr1ba and Bmpr1aa or Bmp3 function disrupts ordered segment formation and growth, which is recapitulated by notochord-specific overexpression of the BMP antagonist, Noggin3. Our data suggest that BMP signaling in the notochord sheath precedes Notch activation and instructs segment growth, facilitating proper spine morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Peskin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Norman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Adam Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyom Adhyapok
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefano Di Talia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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13
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Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang J, Xu J, Wang X, Zang G, Qiu J, Wang G. Shear stress regulation of nanoparticle uptake in vascular endothelial cells. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad047. [PMID: 37351014 PMCID: PMC10281962 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) hold tremendous targeting potential in cardiovascular disease and regenerative medicine, and exciting clinical applications are coming into light. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) exposure to different magnitudes and patterns of shear stress (SS) generated by blood flow could engulf NPs in the blood. However, an unclear understanding of the role of SS on NP uptake is hindering the progress in improving the targeting of NP therapies. Here, the temporal and spatial distribution of SS in vascular ECs and the effect of different SS on NP uptake in ECs are highlighted. The mechanism of SS affecting NP uptake through regulating the cellular ROS level, endothelial glycocalyx and membrane fluidity is summarized, and the molecules containing clathrin and caveolin in the engulfment process are elucidated. SS targeting NPs are expected to overcome the current bottlenecks and change the field of targeting nanomedicine. This assessment on how SS affects the cell uptake of NPs and the marginalization of NPs in blood vessels could guide future research in cell biology and vascular targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ziqiu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
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14
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Colijn S, Nambara M, Stratman AN. Identification of overlapping and distinct mural cell populations during early embryonic development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535476. [PMID: 37066365 PMCID: PMC10104062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Mural cells are an essential perivascular cell population that associate with blood vessels and contribute to vascular stabilization and tone. In the embryonic zebrafish vasculature, pdgfrb and tagln are commonly used as markers for identifying pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). However, the expression patterns of these markers used in tandem have not been fully described. Here, we used the Tg(pdgfrb:Gal4FF; UAS:RFP) and Tg(tagln:NLS-EGFP) transgenic lines to identify single- and double-positive perivascular populations in the cranial, axial, and intersegmental vessels between 1 and 5 days post-fertilization. From this comparative analysis, we discovered two novel regions of tagln-positive cell populations that have the potential to function as mural cell precursors. Specifically, we found that the hypochord- a reportedly transient structure-contributes to tagln-positive cells along the dorsal aorta. We also identified a unique sclerotome-derived mural cell progenitor population that resides along the midline between the neural tube and notochord and contributes to intersegmental vessel mural cell coverage. Together, our findings highlight the variability and versatility of tracking pdgfrb and tagln expression in mural cells of the developing zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Miku Nambara
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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15
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Wopat S, Adhyapok P, Daga B, Crawford JM, Peskin B, Norman J, Bagwell J, Fogerson SM, Di Talia S, Kiehart DP, Charbonneau P, Bagnat M. Axial segmentation by iterative mechanical signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534101. [PMID: 37034817 PMCID: PMC10081202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In bony fishes, formation of the vertebral column, or spine, is guided by a metameric blueprint established in the epithelial sheath of the notochord. Generation of the notochord template begins days after somitogenesis and even occurs in the absence of somite segmentation. However, patterning defects in the somites lead to imprecise notochord segmentation, suggesting these processes are linked. Here, we reveal that spatial coordination between the notochord and the axial musculature is necessary to ensure segmentation of the zebrafish spine both in time and space. We find that the connective tissues that anchor the axial skeletal musculature, known as the myosepta in zebrafish, transmit spatial patterning cues necessary to initiate notochord segment formation, a critical pre-patterning step in spine morphogenesis. When an irregular pattern of muscle segments and myosepta interact with the notochord sheath, segments form non-sequentially, initiate at atypical locations, and eventually display altered morphology later in development. We determine that locations of myoseptum-notochord connections are hubs for mechanical signal transmission, which are characterized by localized sites of deformation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) layer encasing the notochord. The notochord sheath responds to the external mechanical changes by locally augmenting focal adhesion machinery to define the initiation site for segmentation. Using a coarse-grained mathematical model that captures the spatial patterns of myoseptum-notochord interactions, we find that a fixed-length scale of external cues is critical for driving sequential segment patterning in the notochord. Together, this work identifies a robust segmentation mechanism that hinges upon mechanical coupling of adjacent tissues to control patterning dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wopat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Present address: Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Priyom Adhyapok
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Bijoy Daga
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Present address: Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Health Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Janice M. Crawford
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Brianna Peskin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - James Norman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | - Stefano Di Talia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Daniel P. Kiehart
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Patrick Charbonneau
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Lead contact
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16
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Curcio EJ, Lubkin SR. Physical models of notochord cell packing reveal how tension ratios determine morphometry. Cells Dev 2023; 173:203825. [PMID: 36706628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The physical and geometric aspects of notochords are investigated using a model of finite-length notochords, with interior vacuolated cells arranged in two common packing configurations, and sheath modeled as homogeneous and thin. The key ratios governing packing patterns and eccentricity are number of cells per unit length λ and cell tension ratio Γ. By analyzing simulations that vary Γ and total number of cells N, we find that eccentricity, λ, and internal pressure approach consistent asymptotic values away from the tapering ends, as N increases. The length of the tapering ends is quantified as a function of Γ and pattern. Formulas are derived for geometric ratios, pressure, and energy as functions of Γ and pattern. These observations on the relationship between mechanics, geometry, and pattern provide a framework for further work which may provide insight into the roles of mechanosensing and pressure-volume regulation in the notochord.
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17
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Che X, Huang Y, Zhong K, Jia K, Wei Y, Meng Y, Yuan W, Lu H. Thiophanate-methyl induces notochord toxicity by activating the PI3K-mTOR pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120861. [PMID: 36563988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thiophanate-methyl (TM), a typical pesticide widely used worldwide, was detected in rivers, soil, fruits, and vegetables. Thus, it is urgent to identify the potential harm of TM residual to non-target organisms and its molecular mechanisms. We used zebrafish (Danio rerio) in this study to evaluate TM toxicity. TM exposure induced developmental toxicity, including inhibited hatchability, reduced heart rates, restrained spontaneous locomotion, and decreased body length. Furthermore, we observed obvious toxicity in the notochord and detected increased expression levels of notochord-related genes (shha, col2a, and tbxta) by in situ hybridization in zebrafish larvae. In addition, calcein staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis, and anatomic analysis indicated that TM induced notochord toxicity. We used rescue experiments to verify whether the PI3K-mTOR pathway involved in the notochord development was the cause of notochord abnormalities. Rapamycin and LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K) relieve notochord toxicity caused by TM, including morphological abnormalities. In summary, TM might induce notochord toxicity by activating the PI3K-mTOR pathway in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Che
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kun Jia
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wei
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, China.
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18
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Henke K, Farmer DT, Niu X, Kraus JM, Galloway JL, Youngstrom DW. Genetically engineered zebrafish as models of skeletal development and regeneration. Bone 2023; 167:116611. [PMID: 36395960 PMCID: PMC11080330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are aquatic vertebrates with significant homology to their terrestrial counterparts. While zebrafish have a centuries-long track record in developmental and regenerative biology, their utility has grown exponentially with the onset of modern genetics. This is exemplified in studies focused on skeletal development and repair. Herein, the numerous contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of the basic science of cartilage, bone, tendon/ligament, and other skeletal tissues are described, with a particular focus on applications to development and regeneration. We summarize the genetic strengths that have made the zebrafish a powerful model to understand skeletal biology. We also highlight the large body of existing tools and techniques available to understand skeletal development and repair in the zebrafish and introduce emerging methods that will aid in novel discoveries in skeletal biology. Finally, we review the unique contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of regeneration and highlight diverse routes of repair in different contexts of injury. We conclude that zebrafish will continue to fill a niche of increasing breadth and depth in the study of basic cellular mechanisms of skeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xubo Niu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jessica M Kraus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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19
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Rayrikar AY, Wagh GA, Santra MK, Patra C. Ccn2a-FGFR1-SHH signaling is necessary for intervertebral disc homeostasis and regeneration in adult zebrafish. Development 2023; 150:dev201036. [PMID: 36458546 PMCID: PMC10108606 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the primary cause of back pain in humans. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of IVD degeneration is poorly understood. This study shows that zebrafish IVDs possess distinct and non-overlapping zones of cell proliferation and cell death. We find that, in zebrafish, cellular communication network factor 2a (ccn2a) is expressed in notochord and IVDs. Although IVD development appears normal in ccn2a mutants, the adult mutant IVDs exhibit decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death leading to IVD degeneration. Moreover, Ccn2a overexpression promotes regeneration through accelerating cell proliferation and suppressing cell death in wild-type aged IVDs. Mechanistically, Ccn2a maintains IVD homeostasis and promotes IVD regeneration by enhancing outer annulus fibrosus cell proliferation and suppressing nucleus pulposus cell death through augmenting FGFR1-SHH signaling. These findings reveal that Ccn2a plays a central role in IVD homeostasis and regeneration, which could be exploited for therapeutic intervention in degenerated human discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey Y. Rayrikar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh A. Wagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas K. Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
- S P Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
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20
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Aboy-Pardal MC, Jimenez-Carretero D, Terrés-Domínguez S, Pavón DM, Sotodosos-Alonso L, Jiménez-Jiménez V, Sánchez-Cabo F, Del Pozo MA. A deep learning-based tool for the automated detection and analysis of caveolae in transmission electron microscopy images. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:224-237. [PMID: 36544477 PMCID: PMC9755247 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are nanoscopic and mechanosensitive invaginations of the plasma membrane, essential for adipocyte biology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers the highest resolution for caveolae visualization, but provides complicated images that are difficult to classify or segment using traditional automated algorithms such as threshold-based methods. As a result, the time-consuming tasks of localization and quantification of caveolae are currently performed manually. We used the Keras library in R to train a convolutional neural network with a total of 36,000 TEM image crops obtained from adipocytes previously annotated manually by an expert. The resulting model can differentiate caveolae from non-caveolae regions with a 97.44% accuracy. The predictions of this model are further processed to obtain caveolae central coordinate detection and cytoplasm boundary delimitation. The model correctly finds negligible caveolae predictions in images from caveolae depleted Cav1-/- adipocytes. In large reconstructions of adipocyte sections, model and human performances are comparable. We thus provide a new tool for accurate caveolae automated analysis that could speed up and assist in the characterization of the cellular mechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C.M. Aboy-Pardal
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology lab, Cell and Developmental
Biology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Carretero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
(CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Terrés-Domínguez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology lab, Cell and Developmental
Biology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Dácil M. Pavón
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology lab, Cell and Developmental
Biology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sotodosos-Alonso
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology lab, Cell and Developmental
Biology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Jiménez-Jiménez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology lab, Cell and Developmental
Biology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
(CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology lab, Cell and Developmental
Biology Area. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029
Madrid, Spain
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21
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De Belly H, Paluch EK, Chalut KJ. Interplay between mechanics and signalling in regulating cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:465-480. [PMID: 35365816 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical signalling affects multiple biological processes during development and in adult organisms, including cell fate transitions, cell migration, morphogenesis and immune responses. Here, we review recent insights into the mechanisms and functions of two main routes of mechanical signalling: outside-in mechanical signalling, such as mechanosensing of substrate properties or shear stresses; and mechanical signalling regulated by the physical properties of the cell surface itself. We discuss examples of how these two classes of mechanical signalling regulate stem cell function, as well as developmental processes in vivo. We also discuss how cell surface mechanics affects intracellular signalling and, in turn, how intracellular signalling controls cell surface mechanics, generating feedback into the regulation of mechanosensing. The cooperation between mechanosensing, intracellular signalling and cell surface mechanics has a profound impact on biological processes. We discuss here our understanding of how these three elements interact to regulate stem cell fate and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry De Belly
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Sánchez-Iranzo H, Halavatyi A, Diz-Muñoz A. Strength of interactions in the Notch gene regulatory network determines patterning and fate in the notochord. eLife 2022; 11:75429. [PMID: 35658971 PMCID: PMC9170247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms requires the generation of gene expression patterns that determines cell fate and organ shape. Groups of genetic interactions known as Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) play a key role in the generation of such patterns. However, how the topology and parameters of GRNs determine patterning in vivo remains unclear due to the complexity of most experimental systems. To address this, we use the zebrafish notochord, an organ where coin-shaped precursor cells are initially arranged in a simple unidimensional geometry. These cells then differentiate into vacuolated and sheath cells. Using newly developed transgenic tools together with in vivo imaging, we identify jag1a and her6/her9 as the main components of a Notch GRN that generates a lateral inhibition pattern and determines cell fate. Making use of this experimental system and mathematical modeling we show that lateral inhibition patterning is promoted when ligand-receptor interactions are stronger within the same cell than in neighboring cells. Altogether, we establish the zebrafish notochord as an experimental system to study pattern generation, and identify and characterize how the properties of GRNs determine self-organization of gene patterning and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Andrade V, Bai J, Gupta-Rossi N, Jimenez AJ, Delevoye C, Lamaze C, Echard A. Caveolae promote successful abscission by controlling intercellular bridge tension during cytokinesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5095. [PMID: 35417244 PMCID: PMC9007517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During cytokinesis, the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells experiences pulling forces, which delay abscission by preventing the assembly of the ESCRT scission machinery. Abscission is thus triggered by tension release, but how ICB tension is controlled is unknown. Here, we report that caveolae, which are known to regulate membrane tension upon mechanical stress in interphase cells, are located at the midbody, at the abscission site, and at the ICB/cell interface in dividing cells. Functionally, the loss of caveolae delays ESCRT-III recruitment during cytokinesis and impairs abscission. This is the consequence of a twofold increase of ICB tension measured by laser ablation, associated with a local increase in myosin II activity at the ICB/cell interface. We thus propose that caveolae buffer membrane tension and limit contractibility at the ICB to promote ESCRT-III assembly and cytokinetic abscission. Together, this work reveals an unexpected connection between caveolae and the ESCRT machinery and the first role of caveolae in cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andrade
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jian Bai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Neetu Gupta-Rossi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Joaquina Jimenez
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
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24
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Chowdhury K, Lin S, Lai SL. Comparative Study in Zebrafish and Medaka Unravels the Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.783818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration has been in the spotlight of research for its fascinating nature and potential applications in human diseases. The trait of regenerative capacity occurs diversely across species and tissue contexts, while it seems to decline over evolution. Organisms with variable regenerative capacity are usually distinct in phylogeny, anatomy, and physiology. This phenomenon hinders the feasibility of studying tissue regeneration by directly comparing regenerative with non-regenerative animals, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and mice (Mus musculus). Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a fish model with a complete reference genome and shares a common ancestor with zebrafish approximately 110–200 million years ago (compared to 650 million years with mice). Medaka shares similar features with zebrafish, including size, diet, organ system, gross anatomy, and living environment. However, while zebrafish regenerate almost every organ upon experimental injury, medaka shows uneven regenerative capacity. Their common and distinct biological features make them a unique platform for reciprocal analyses to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration. Here we summarize current knowledge about tissue regeneration in these fish models in terms of injured tissues, repairing mechanisms, available materials, and established technologies. We further highlight the concept of inter-species and inter-organ comparisons, which may reveal mechanistic insights and hint at therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
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25
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Webb AM, Francis CR, Judson RJ, Kincross H, Lundy KM, Westhoff DE, Meadows SM, Kushner EJ. EHD2 modulates Dll4 endocytosis during blood vessel development. Microcirculation 2022; 29:e12740. [PMID: 34820962 PMCID: PMC9286817 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the absolute requirement of Delta/Notch signaling to activate lateral inhibition during early blood vessel development, many mechanisms remain unclear about how this system is regulated. Our objective was to determine the involvement of Epsin 15 Homology Domain Containing 2 (EHD2) in delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) endocytosis during Notch activation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using both in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that EHD2 is a novel modulator of Notch activation in endothelial cells through controlling endocytosis of Dll4. In vitro, EHD2 localized to plasma membrane-bound Dll4 and caveolae. Chemical disruption of caveolae complexes resulted in EHD2 failing to organize around Dll4 as well as loss of Dll4 internalization. Reduced Dll4 internalization blunted Notch activation in endothelial cells. In vivo, EHD2 is primarily expressed in the vasculature, colocalizing with junctional marker VE-cadherin and Dll4. Knockout of EHD2 in zebrafish produced a significant increase in dysmorphic sprouts in zebrafish intersomitic vessels during development and a reduction in downstream Notch signaling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrate that EHD2 is necessary for Dll4 transcytosis and downstream Notch activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Webb
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | | | - Rachael J. Judson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Hayle Kincross
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Keanna M. Lundy
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Dawn E. Westhoff
- Cell and Molecular Biology DepartmentTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisinaUSA
| | - Stryder M. Meadows
- Cell and Molecular Biology DepartmentTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisinaUSA
| | - Erich J. Kushner
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of DenverDenverColoradoUSA
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26
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Seleit A, Aulehla A, Paix A. Endogenous protein tagging in medaka using a simplified CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in approach. eLife 2021; 10:75050. [PMID: 34870593 PMCID: PMC8691840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used to generate fluorescently labelled fusion proteins by homology-directed repair in a variety of species. Despite its revolutionary success, there remains an urgent need for increased simplicity and efficiency of genome editing in research organisms. Here, we establish a simplified, highly efficient, and precise strategy for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated endogenous protein tagging in medaka (Oryzias latipes). We use a cloning-free approach that relies on PCR-amplified donor fragments containing the fluorescent reporter sequences flanked by short homology arms (30–40 bp), a synthetic single-guide RNA and Cas9 mRNA. We generate eight novel knock-in lines with high efficiency of F0 targeting and germline transmission. Whole genome sequencing results reveal single-copy integration events only at the targeted loci. We provide an initial characterization of these fusion protein lines, significantly expanding the repertoire of genetic tools available in medaka. In particular, we show that the mScarlet-pcna line has the potential to serve as an organismal-wide label for proliferative zones and an endogenous cell cycle reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seleit
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Aulehla
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Paix
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Sorrell EL, Lubkin SR. Bubble packing, eccentricity, and notochord development. Cells Dev 2021; 169:203753. [PMID: 34728430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper develops a theoretical basis for the observed relationship between cell arrangements in notochords and analog physical models, and the eccentricity of their cross sections. Three models are developed and analyzed, of the mechanics of cell packing in sheaths. The key ratios governing the packing patterns and eccentricity are cells per unit length λ, tension ratio Γ, and eccentricity e. For flexible and semi-flexible sheaths, the optimal packing pattern shifts from "bamboo", with a symmetric cross section, to "staircase", with an eccentric cross section, at a critical value λ = 1.13. In rigid tubes, this threshold is lowered as imposed eccentricity is increased. Patterns can be observed which are not optimal; pattern transitions may occur below or above the critical λ values. The eccentricity of staircase patterns in flexible and semi-flexible tubes is found to be dependent on the tension ratio Γ, increasing as sheath tension decreases relative to interior cell tension. A novel "serpentine" packing pattern appears for low Γ near the critical λ. The developmental utility of enforcing notochord eccentricity is discussed, as well as potential mechanisms for such control.
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28
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Sinclair JW, Hoying DR, Bresciani E, Nogare DD, Needle CD, Berger A, Wu W, Bishop K, Elkahloun AG, Chitnis A, Liu P, Burgess SM. The Warburg effect is necessary to promote glycosylation in the blastema during zebrafish tail regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:55. [PMID: 34518542 PMCID: PMC8437957 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout their lifetime, fish maintain a high capacity for regenerating complex tissues after injury. We utilized a larval tail regeneration assay in the zebrafish Danio rerio, which serves as an ideal model of appendage regeneration due to its easy manipulation, relatively simple mixture of cell types, and superior imaging properties. Regeneration of the embryonic zebrafish tail requires development of a blastema, a mass of dedifferentiated cells capable of replacing lost tissue, a crucial step in all known examples of appendage regeneration. Using this model, we show that tail amputation triggers an obligate metabolic shift to promote glucose metabolism during early regeneration similar to the Warburg effect observed in tumor forming cells. Inhibition of glucose metabolism did not affect the overall health of the embryo but completely blocked the tail from regenerating after amputation due to the failure to form a functional blastema. We performed a time series of single-cell RNA sequencing on regenerating tails with and without inhibition of glucose metabolism. We demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming is required for sustained TGF-β signaling and blocking glucose metabolism largely mimicked inhibition of TGF-β receptors, both resulting in an aberrant blastema. Finally, we showed using genetic ablation of three possible metabolic pathways for glucose, that metabolic reprogramming is required to provide glucose specifically to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway while neither glycolysis nor the pentose phosphate pathway were necessary for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Sinclair
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Hoying
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erica Bresciani
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Damian Dalle Nogare
- Aquatic Models of Human Development Affinity Group, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carli D Needle
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdel G Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ajay Chitnis
- Aquatic Models of Human Development Affinity Group, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Liu
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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29
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Parton RG, Tillu V, McMahon KA, Collins BM. Key phases in the formation of caveolae. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:7-14. [PMID: 33677149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are abundant plasma membrane pits formed by the coordinated action of peripheral and integral membrane proteins and membrane lipids. Here, we discuss recent studies that are starting to provide a glimpse of how filamentous cavin proteins, membrane-embedded caveolin proteins, and specific plasma membrane lipids are brought together to make the unique caveola surface domain. Protein assembly involves multiple low-affinity interactions that are dependent on 'fuzzy' charge-dependent interactions mediated in part by disordered cavin and caveolin domains. We propose that cavins help generate a lipid domain conducive to full insertion of caveolin into the bilayer to promote caveola formation. The synergistic assembly of these dynamic protein complexes supports the formation of a metastable membrane domain that can be readily disassembled both in response to cellular stress and during endocytic trafficking. We present a mechanistic model for generation of caveolae based on these new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Parton
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Vikas Tillu
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Brett M Collins
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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30
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López-Cuevas P, Deane L, Yang Y, Hammond CL, Kague E. Transformed notochordal cells trigger chronic wounds destabilizing the vertebral column and bone homeostasis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.047001. [PMID: 33579726 PMCID: PMC7988777 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Notochordal cells play a pivotal role in vertebral column patterning, contributing to the formation of the inner architecture of intervertebral discs (IVDs). Their disappearance during development has been associated with reduced repair capacity and IVD degeneration. Notochord cells can give rise to chordomas, a highly invasive bone cancer associated with late diagnosis. Understanding the impact of neoplastic cells during development and on the surrounding vertebral column could open avenues for earlier intervention and therapeutics. We investigated the impact of transformed notochord cells in the zebrafish skeleton using a line expressing RAS in the notochord under the control of the kita promoter, with the advantage of adulthood endurance. Transformed cells caused damage in the notochord and destabilised the sheath layer, triggering a wound repair mechanism, with enrolment of sheath cells (col9a2+) and expression of wt1b, similar to induced notochord wounds. Moreover, increased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, displaying abnormal behaviour in proximity to the notochord sheath and transformed cells, supported parallels between chordomas, wound and inflammation. Cancerous notochordal cells interfere with differentiation of sheath cells to form chordacentra domains, leading to fusions and vertebral clefts during development. Adults displayed IVD irregularities reminiscent of degeneration, including reduced bone mineral density and increased osteoclast activity, along with disorganised osteoblasts and collagen, indicating impaired bone homeostasis. By depleting inflammatory cells, we abrogated chordoma development and rescued the skeletal features of the vertebral column. Therefore, we showed that transformed notochord cells alter the skeleton during life, causing a wound-like phenotype and activating chronic wound response, suggesting parallels between chordoma, wound, IVD degeneration and inflammation, highlighting inflammation as a promising target for future therapeutics. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Analyses using a zebrafish line expressing RAS in the notochord, under the control of the kita promoter, revealed that transformed notochord cells alter the skeleton during life, causing a wound-like phenotype and activating chronic wound response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco López-Cuevas
- The School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Luke Deane
- The School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Yushi Yang
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.,Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK.,Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Kague
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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31
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Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has long been implicated in cancer progression, and while widely accepted as an oncogenic protein, CAV1 also has tumor suppressor activity. CAV1 was first identified in an early study as the primary substrate of Src kinase, a potent oncoprotein, where its phosphorylation correlated with cellular transformation. Indeed, CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14 (Y14; pCAV1) has been associated with several cancer-associated processes such as focal adhesion dynamics, tumor cell migration and invasion, growth suppression, cancer cell metabolism, and mechanical and oxidative stress. Despite this, a clear understanding of the role of Y14-phosphorylated pCAV1 in cancer progression has not been thoroughly established. Here, we provide an overview of the role of Src-dependent phosphorylation of tumor cell CAV1 in cancer progression, focusing on pCAV1 in tumor cell migration, focal adhesion signaling and metabolism, and in the cancer cell response to stress pathways characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss a model for Y14 phosphorylation regulation of CAV1 effector protein interactions via the caveolin scaffolding domain.
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32
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Matthaeus C, Taraska JW. Energy and Dynamics of Caveolae Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:614472. [PMID: 33692993 PMCID: PMC7939723 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.614472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are 70–100 nm diameter plasma membrane invaginations found in abundance in adipocytes, endothelial cells, myocytes, and fibroblasts. Their bulb-shaped membrane domain is characterized and formed by specific lipid binding proteins including Caveolins, Cavins, Pacsin2, and EHD2. Likewise, an enrichment of cholesterol and other lipids makes caveolae a distinct membrane environment that supports proteins involved in cell-type specific signaling pathways. Their ability to detach from the plasma membrane and move through the cytosol has been shown to be important for lipid trafficking and metabolism. Here, we review recent concepts in caveolae trafficking and dynamics. Second, we discuss how ATP and GTP-regulated proteins including dynamin and EHD2 control caveolae behavior. Throughout, we summarize the potential physiological and cell biological roles of caveolae internalization and trafficking and highlight open questions in the field and future directions for study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Matthaeus
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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33
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Del Pozo MA, Lolo FN, Echarri A. Caveolae: Mechanosensing and mechanotransduction devices linking membrane trafficking to mechanoadaptation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 68:113-123. [PMID: 33188985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces (extracellular matrix stiffness, vascular shear stress, and muscle stretching) reaching the plasma membrane (PM) determine cell behavior. Caveolae are PM-invaginated nanodomains with specific lipid and protein composition. Being highly abundant in mechanically challenged tissues (muscles, lungs, vessels, and adipose tissues), they protect cells from mechanical stress damage. Caveolae flatten upon increased PM tension, enabling both force sensing and accommodation, critical for cell mechanoprotection and homeostasis. Thus, caveolae are highly plastic, ranging in complexity from flattened membranes to vacuolar invaginations surrounded by caveolae-rosettes-which also contribute to mechanoprotection. Caveolar components crosstalk with mechanotransduction pathways and recent studies show that they translocate from the PM to the nucleus to convey stress information. Furthermore, caveolae components can regulate membrane traffic from/to the PM to adapt to environmental mechanical forces. The interdependence between lipids and caveolae starts to be understood, and the relevance of caveolae-dependent membrane trafficking linked to mechanoadaption to different physiopathological processes is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fidel-Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Echarri
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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34
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Abstract
The vertebrate body plan is characterized by the presence of a segmented spine along its main axis. Here, we examine the current understanding of how the axial tissues that are formed during embryonic development give rise to the adult spine and summarize recent advances in the field, largely focused on recent studies in zebrafish, with comparisons to amniotes where appropriate. We discuss recent work illuminating the genetics and biological mechanisms mediating extension and straightening of the body axis during development, and highlight open questions. We specifically focus on the processes of notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid physiology, and how defects in those processes may lead to scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatrics Research Institute, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
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35
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Caveolin 1 is required for axonal outgrowth of motor neurons and affects Xenopus neuromuscular development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16446. [PMID: 33020520 PMCID: PMC7536398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolins are essential structural proteins driving the formation of caveolae, specialized invaginations of the plasma membrane. Loss of Caveolin-1 (Cav1) function in mice causes distinct neurological phenotypes leading to impaired motor control, however, the underlying developmental mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study we find that loss-of-function of Xenopus Cav1 results in a striking swimming defect characterized by paralysis of the morphants. High-resolution imaging of muscle cells revealed aberrant sarcomeric structures with disorganized actin fibers. As cav1 is expressed in motor neurons, but not in muscle cells, the muscular abnormalities are likely a consequence of neuronal defects. Indeed, targeting cav1 Morpholino oligonucleotides to neural tissue, but not muscle tissue, disrupts axonal outgrowth of motor neurons and causes swimming defects. Furthermore, inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels mimicked the Cav1 loss-of-function phenotype. In addition, analyzing axonal morphology we detect that Cav1 loss-of-function causes excessive filopodia and lamellipodia formation. Using rescue experiments, we show that the Cav1 Y14 phosphorylation site is essential and identify a role of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 signaling in this process. Taken together, these results suggest a previously unrecognized function of Cav1 in muscle development by supporting axonal outgrowth of motor neurons.
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36
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Peskin B, Henke K, Cumplido N, Treaster S, Harris MP, Bagnat M, Arratia G. Notochordal Signals Establish Phylogenetic Identity of the Teleost Spine. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2805-2814.e3. [PMID: 32559448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spine is a defining feature of the vertebrate body plan. However, broad differences in vertebral structures and morphogenetic strategies occur across vertebrate groups, clouding the homology between their developmental programs. Analysis of a zebrafish mutant, spondo, whose spine is dysmorphic, prompted us to reconstruct paleontological evidence, highlighting specific transitions during teleost spine evolution. Interestingly, the spondo mutant recapitulates characteristics present in basal fishes, not found in extant teleosts. Further analysis of the mutation implicated the teleost-specific notochord protein, Calymmin, as a key regulator of spine patterning in zebrafish. The mutation in cmn results in loss of notochord sheath segmentation, altering osteoblast migration to the developing spine, and increasing sensitivity to somitogenesis defects associated with congenital scoliosis in amniotes. These data suggest that signals from the notochord define the evolutionary identity of the spine and demonstrate how simple shifts in development can revert traits canalized for about 250 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Peskin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicolás Cumplido
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephen Treaster
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gloria Arratia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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37
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Teo JL, Gomez GA, Weeratunga S, Davies EM, Noordstra I, Budnar S, Katsuno-Kambe H, McGrath MJ, Verma S, Tomatis V, Acharya BR, Balasubramaniam L, Templin RM, McMahon KA, Lee YS, Ju RJ, Stebhens SJ, Ladoux B, Mitchell CA, Collins BM, Parton RG, Yap AS. Caveolae Control Contractile Tension for Epithelia to Eliminate Tumor Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 54:75-91.e7. [PMID: 32485139 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia are active materials where mechanical tension governs morphogenesis and homeostasis. But how that tension is regulated remains incompletely understood. We now report that caveolae control epithelial tension and show that this is necessary for oncogene-transfected cells to be eliminated by apical extrusion. Depletion of caveolin-1 (CAV1) increased steady-state tensile stresses in epithelial monolayers. As a result, loss of CAV1 in the epithelial cells surrounding oncogene-expressing cells prevented their apical extrusion. Epithelial tension in CAV1-depleted monolayers was increased by cortical contractility at adherens junctions. This reflected a signaling pathway, where elevated levels of phosphoinositide-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) recruited the formin, FMNL2, to promote F-actin bundling. Steady-state monolayer tension and oncogenic extrusion were restored to CAV1-depleted monolayers when tension was corrected by depleting FMNL2, blocking PtdIns(4,5)P2, or disabling the interaction between FMNL2 and PtdIns(4,5)P2. Thus, caveolae can regulate active mechanical tension for epithelial homeostasis by controlling lipid signaling to the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Teo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Saroja Weeratunga
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Davies
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hiroko Katsuno-Kambe
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Meagan J McGrath
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vanesa Tomatis
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Rachel M Templin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yoke Seng Lee
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Samantha J Stebhens
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7592, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Brett M Collins
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Yasuoka Y. Morphogenetic mechanisms forming the notochord rod: The turgor pressure-sheath strength model. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:379-390. [PMID: 32275068 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The notochord is a defining feature of chordates. During notochord formation in vertebrates and tunicates, notochord cells display dynamic morphogenetic movement, called convergent extension, in which cells intercalate and align at the dorsal midline. However, in cephalochordates, the most basal group of chordates, the notochord is formed without convergent extension. It is simply developed from mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline. This suggests that convergent extension movement of notochord cells is a secondarily acquired developmental attribute in the common ancestor of olfactores (vertebrates + tunicates), and that the chordate ancestor innovated the notochord upon a foundation of morphogenetic mechanisms independent of cell movement. Therefore, this review focuses on biological features specific to notochord cells, which have been well studied using clawed frogs, zebrafish, and tunicates. Attributes of notochord cells, such as vacuolation, membrane trafficking, extracellular matrix formation, and apoptosis, can be understood in terms of two properties: turgor pressure of vacuoles and strength of the notochord sheath. To maintain the straight rod-like structure of the notochord, these parameters must be counterbalanced. In the future, the turgor pressure-sheath strength model, proposed in this review, will be examined in light of quantitative molecular data and mathematical simulations, illuminating the evolutionary origin of the notochord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuri Yasuoka
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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Development and regeneration dynamics of the Medaka notochord. Dev Biol 2020; 463:11-25. [PMID: 32173318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The notochord is an embryonic tissue that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton until ossification begins in vertebrates. It is composed of outer sheath cells and inner vacuolated cells, which are generated from a common pool of disc-shaped precursors. Notochord extension during early embryogenesis is driven by the growth of vacuolated cells, reflecting in turn the expansion of their inner vacuole. Here we use desmogon, a novel desmosomal cadherin, to follow notochord development and regeneration in medaka (Oryzias latipes). We trace desmogon + disc-shaped precursors at the single cell level to demonstrate that they operate as unipotent progenitors, giving rise to either sheath or vacuolated cells. We reveal that once specified, vacuolated cells grow asynchronously and drive notochord expansion bi-directionally. Additionally, we uncover distinct regenerative responses in the notochord, which depend on the nature of the injury sustained. By generating a desmogon CRISPR mutant we demonstrate that this cadherin is essential for proper vacuolated cell shape and therefore correct notochord and spine morphology. Our work expands the repertoire of model systems to study dynamic aspects of the notochord in vivo, and provides new insights in its development and regeneration properties.
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40
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Caveolae: Formation, dynamics, and function. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 65:8-16. [PMID: 32146331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are abundant surface pits formed by the assembly of cytoplasmic proteins on a platform generated by caveolin integral membrane proteins and membrane lipids. This membranous assembly can bud off into the cell or can be disassembled releasing the cavin proteins into the cytosol. Disassembly can be triggered by increased membrane tension, or by stress stimuli, such as UV. Here, we discuss recent mechanistic studies showing how caveolae are formed and how their unique properties allow them to function as multifunctional protective and signaling structures.
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41
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Chan CJ, Hiiragi T. Integration of luminal pressure and signalling in tissue self-organization. Development 2020; 147:147/5/dev181297. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.181297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Many developmental processes involve the emergence of intercellular fluid-filled lumina. This process of luminogenesis results in a build up of hydrostatic pressure and signalling molecules in the lumen. However, the potential roles of lumina in cellular functions, tissue morphogenesis and patterning have yet to be fully explored. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that describe how pressurized fluid expansion can provide both mechanical and biochemical cues to influence cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. We also review emerging techniques that allow for precise quantification of fluid pressure in vivo and in situ. Finally, we discuss the intricate interplay between luminogenesis, tissue mechanics and signalling, which provide a new dimension for understanding the principles governing tissue self-organization in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii J. Chan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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42
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Bagwell J, Norman J, Ellis K, Peskin B, Hwang J, Ge X, Nguyen SV, McMenamin SK, Stainier DY, Bagnat M. Notochord vacuoles absorb compressive bone growth during zebrafish spine formation. eLife 2020; 9:51221. [PMID: 31995030 PMCID: PMC7012607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column or spine assembles around the notochord rod which contains a core made of large vacuolated cells. Each vacuolated cell possesses a single fluid-filled vacuole, and loss or fragmentation of these vacuoles in zebrafish leads to spine kinking. Here, we identified a mutation in the kinase gene dstyk that causes fragmentation of notochord vacuoles and a severe congenital scoliosis-like phenotype in zebrafish. Live imaging revealed that Dstyk regulates fusion of membranes with the vacuole. We find that localized disruption of notochord vacuoles causes vertebral malformation and curving of the spine axis at those sites. Accordingly, in dstyk mutants the spine curves increasingly over time as vertebral bone formation compresses the notochord asymmetrically, causing vertebral malformations and kinking of the axis. Together, our data show that notochord vacuoles function as a hydrostatic scaffold that guides symmetrical growth of vertebrae and spine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - James Norman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Kathryn Ellis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Brianna Peskin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - James Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stacy V Nguyen
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, United States
| | | | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
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43
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Echarri A, Pavón DM, Sánchez S, García-García M, Calvo E, Huerta-López C, Velázquez-Carreras D, Viaris de Lesegno C, Ariotti N, Lázaro-Carrillo A, Strippoli R, De Sancho D, Alegre-Cebollada J, Lamaze C, Parton RG, Del Pozo MA. An Abl-FBP17 mechanosensing system couples local plasma membrane curvature and stress fiber remodeling during mechanoadaptation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5828. [PMID: 31862885 PMCID: PMC6925243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells remodel their structure in response to mechanical strain. However, how mechanical forces are translated into biochemical signals that coordinate the structural changes observed at the plasma membrane (PM) and the underlying cytoskeleton during mechanoadaptation is unclear. Here, we show that PM mechanoadaptation is controlled by a tension-sensing pathway composed of c-Abl tyrosine kinase and membrane curvature regulator FBP17. FBP17 is recruited to caveolae to induce the formation of caveolar rosettes. FBP17 deficient cells have reduced rosette density, lack PM tension buffering capacity under osmotic shock, and cannot adapt to mechanical strain. Mechanistically, tension is transduced to the FBP17 F-BAR domain by direct phosphorylation mediated by c-Abl, a mechanosensitive molecule. This modification inhibits FBP17 membrane bending activity and releases FBP17-controlled inhibition of mDia1-dependent stress fibers, favoring membrane adaptation to increased tension. This mechanoprotective mechanism adapts the cell to changes in mechanical tension by coupling PM and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Mechanical forces are sensed by cells and can alter plasma membrane properties, but biochemical changes underlying this are not clear. Here the authors show tension is sensed by c-Abl and FBP17, which couples changes in mechanical tension to remodelling of the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Echarri
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dácil M Pavón
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomics Unit, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Huerta-López
- Molecular Mechanics of the Cardiovascular System Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Velázquez-Carreras
- Molecular Mechanics of the Cardiovascular System Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Viaris de Lesegno
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ana Lázaro-Carrillo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David De Sancho
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Alegre-Cebollada
- Molecular Mechanics of the Cardiovascular System Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,The Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Draut H, Liebenstein T, Begemann G. New Insights into the Control of Cell Fate Choices and Differentiation by Retinoic Acid in Cranial, Axial and Caudal Structures. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E860. [PMID: 31835881 PMCID: PMC6995509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is an important regulator of chordate development. RA binds to nuclear RA receptors that control the transcriptional activity of target genes. Controlled local degradation of RA by enzymes of the Cyp26a gene family contributes to the establishment of transient RA signaling gradients that control patterning, cell fate decisions and differentiation. Several steps in the lineage leading to the induction and differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors and bone-producing osteogenic cells are controlled by RA. Changes to RA signaling activity have effects on the formation of the bones of the skull, the vertebrae and the development of teeth and regeneration of fin rays in fish. This review focuses on recent advances in these areas, with predominant emphasis on zebrafish, and highlights previously unknown roles for RA signaling in developmental processes.
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45
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Bhattachan P, Rae J, Yu H, Jung W, Wei J, Parton RG, Dong B. Ascidian caveolin induces membrane curvature and protects tissue integrity and morphology during embryogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 34:1345-1361. [PMID: 31914618 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901281r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell morphology and tissue integrity are essential for embryogenesis. Caveolins are membrane proteins that induce the formation of surface pits called caveolae that serve as membrane reservoirs for cell and tissue protection during development. In vertebrates, caveolin 1 (Cav1) and caveolin 3 (Cav3) are required for caveola formation. However, the formation of caveola and the function of caveolins in invertebrates are largely unknown. In this study, three caveolins, Cav-a, Cav-b, and CavY, are identified in the genome of the invertebrate chordate Ciona spp. Based on phylogenetic analysis, Cav-a is found to be closely related to the vertebrate Cav1 and Cav3. In situ hybridization shows that Cav-a is expressed in Ciona embryonic notochord and muscle. Cell-free experiments, model cell culture systems, and in vivo experiments demonstrate that Ciona Cav-a has the ability to induce membrane curvature at the plasma membrane. Knockdown of Cav-a in Ciona embryos causes loss of invaginations in the plasma membrane and results in the failure of notochord elongation and lumenogenesis. Expression of a dominant-negative Cav-a point mutation causes cells to change shape and become displaced from the muscle and notochord to disrupt tissue integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cav-a vesicles show polarized trafficking and localize at the luminal membrane during notochord lumenogenesis. Taken together, these results show that the invertebrate chordate caveolin from Ciona plays crucial roles in tissue integrity and morphology by inducing membrane curvature and intracellular vesicle trafficking during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Bhattachan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - James Rae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - WooRam Jung
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jiankai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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46
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Farnsworth DR, Saunders LM, Miller AC. A single-cell transcriptome atlas for zebrafish development. Dev Biol 2019; 459:100-108. [PMID: 31782996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to define cell types and how they change during organogenesis is central to our understanding of animal development and human disease. Despite the crucial nature of this knowledge, we have yet to fully characterize all distinct cell types and the gene expression differences that generate cell types during development. To address this knowledge gap, we produced an atlas using single-cell RNA-sequencing methods to investigate gene expression from the pharyngula to early larval stages in developing zebrafish. Our single-cell transcriptome atlas encompasses transcriptional profiles from 44,102 cells across four days of development using duplicate experiments that confirmed high reproducibility. We annotated 220 identified clusters and highlighted several strategies for interrogating changes in gene expression associated with the development of zebrafish embryos at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, we highlight the power of this analysis to assign new cell-type or developmental stage-specific expression information to many genes, including those that are currently known only by sequence and/or that lack expression information altogether. The resulting atlas is a resource for biologists to generate hypotheses for functional analysis, which we hope integrates with existing efforts to define the diversity of cell-types during zebrafish organogenesis, and to examine the transcriptional profiles that produce each cell type over developmental time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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47
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Hetmanski JHR, de Belly H, Busnelli I, Waring T, Nair RV, Sokleva V, Dobre O, Cameron A, Gauthier N, Lamaze C, Swift J, Del Campo A, Starborg T, Zech T, Goetz JG, Paluch EK, Schwartz JM, Caswell PT. Membrane Tension Orchestrates Rear Retraction in Matrix-Directed Cell Migration. Dev Cell 2019; 51:460-475.e10. [PMID: 31607653 PMCID: PMC6863396 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis, vertebrate cells move through 3D interstitial matrix, responding to chemical and physical guidance cues. Protrusion at the cell front has been extensively studied, but the retraction phase of the migration cycle is not well understood. Here, we show that fast-moving cells guided by matrix cues establish positive feedback control of rear retraction by sensing membrane tension. We reveal a mechanism of rear retraction in 3D matrix and durotaxis controlled by caveolae, which form in response to low membrane tension at the cell rear. Caveolae activate RhoA-ROCK1/PKN2 signaling via the RhoA guanidine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Ect2 to control local F-actin organization and contractility in this subcellular region and promote translocation of the cell rear. A positive feedback loop between cytoskeletal signaling and membrane tension leads to rapid retraction to complete the migration cycle in fast-moving cells, providing directional memory to drive persistent cell migration in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H R Hetmanski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Henry de Belly
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67200, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Roshna V Nair
- INM, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D226, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vanesa Sokleva
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oana Dobre
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angus Cameron
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nils Gauthier
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Tobias Starborg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67200, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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48
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Lysosome-Rich Enterocytes Mediate Protein Absorption in the Vertebrate Gut. Dev Cell 2019; 51:7-20.e6. [PMID: 31474562 PMCID: PMC6783362 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The guts of neonatal mammals and stomachless fish have a limited capacity for luminal protein digestion, which allows oral acquisition of antibodies and antigens. However, how dietary protein is absorbed during critical developmental stages when the gut is still immature is unknown. Here, we show that specialized intestinal cells, which we call lysosome-rich enterocytes (LREs), internalize dietary protein via receptor-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis for intracellular digestion and trans-cellular transport. In LREs, we identify a conserved endocytic machinery, composed of the scavenger receptor complex Cubilin/Amnionless and Dab2, that is required for protein uptake by LREs and for growth and survival of larval zebrafish. Moreover, impairing LRE function in suckling mice, via conditional deletion of Dab2, leads to stunted growth and severe protein malnutrition reminiscent of kwashiorkor, a devastating human malnutrition syndrome. These findings identify digestive functions and conserved molecular mechanisms in LREs that are crucial for vertebrate growth and survival.
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49
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D'Agati G, Cabello EM, Frontzek K, Rushing EJ, Klemm R, Robinson MD, White RM, Mosimann C, Burger A. Active receptor tyrosine kinases, but not Brachyury, are sufficient to trigger chordoma in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039545. [PMID: 31221659 PMCID: PMC6679381 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of developmental processes triggers diverse cancer types. Chordoma is a rare, aggressive tumor arising from transformed notochord remnants. Several potentially oncogenic factors have been found to be deregulated in chordoma, yet causation remains uncertain. In particular, sustained expression of TBXT – encoding the notochord regulator protein brachyury – is hypothesized as a key driver of chordoma, yet experimental evidence is absent. Here, we employ a zebrafish chordoma model to identify the notochord-transforming potential of implicated genes in vivo. We find that Brachyury, including a form with augmented transcriptional activity, is insufficient to initiate notochord hyperplasia. In contrast, the chordoma-implicated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) EGFR and Kdr/VEGFR2 are sufficient to transform notochord cells. Aberrant activation of RTK/Ras signaling attenuates processes required for notochord differentiation, including the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence against a tumor-initiating potential of Brachyury in the notochord, and imply activated RTK signaling as a possible initiating event in chordoma. Furthermore, our work points at modulating endoplasmic reticulum and protein stress pathways as possible therapeutic avenues against chordoma. Summary: An injection-based chordoma model in zebrafish shows that the hypothesized chordoma oncogene brachyury is insufficient, whereas EGFR and VEGFR2 are sufficient, to trigger notochord hyperplasia in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agati
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena María Cabello
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Klemm
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard M White
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexa Burger
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Wopat S, Bagwell J, Sumigray KD, Dickson AL, Huitema LFA, Poss KD, Schulte-Merker S, Bagnat M. Spine Patterning Is Guided by Segmentation of the Notochord Sheath. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2026-2038. [PMID: 29466731 PMCID: PMC5860813 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spine is a segmented axial structure made of alternating vertebral bodies (centra) and intervertebral discs (IVDs) assembled around the notochord. Here, we show that, prior to centra formation, the outer epithelial cell layer of the zebrafish notochord, the sheath, segments into alternating domains corresponding to the prospective centra and IVD areas. This process occurs sequentially in an anteroposterior direction via the activation of Notch signaling in alternating segments of the sheath, which transition from cartilaginous to mineralizing domains. Subsequently, osteoblasts are recruited to the mineralized domains of the notochord sheath to form mature centra. Tissue-specific manipulation of Notch signaling in sheath cells produces notochord segmentation defects that are mirrored in the spine. Together, our findings demonstrate that notochord sheath segmentation provides a template for vertebral patterning in the zebrafish spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wopat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kaelyn D Sumigray
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amy L Dickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Leonie F A Huitema
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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