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Padilha CS, Von Ah Morano AE, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. The growing field of immunometabolism and exercise: Key findings in the last 5 years. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4001-4020. [PMID: 36052887 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This perspective review highlights the impact of physical exercise on immunometabolic responses in the past 5 years. Understanding immunometabolism as a part of immunological research is essential. Furthermore, the roles of both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on health, aging, and chronic diseases in immunometabolic changes should be elaborated. In immune cells, β2 adrenergic signaling stimulates the preferential mobilization of inflammatory phenotypes, such as CD16+ monocytes and CD8+ T cells, into the bloodstream after a physical exercise session. The mobilization of immune cells is closely related to the availability of energetic substrates for the cell and mechanisms associated with the uptake and oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. These cells, especially senescent T cells, are mobilized to the peripheral tissues and undergo apoptotic signaling, stimulating the creation of a "vacant space" where new cells will be matured and replaced in the circulation. This results in the upregulation of the expression and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1ra), leading to increased regulatory immune cells that provide immunoregulatory properties. Thus, we suggest that a significant nutrient available to the cell will favor oxidative metabolism, augment ATP production, and consequently maintain the immune cells in their quiescent state, as well as promote rapid activation function. Therefore, based on the studies discussed in this perspective review, we highlight the importance of performing moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercises, due to a higher magnitude of energetic demand and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana E Von Ah Morano
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José C Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, E LIM-26, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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O'Neill CD, O'Rourke N, Jeffrey M, Green-Johnson JM, Dogra S. Salivary concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1ra after HIIT and MICT in young, healthy adults: A randomized exercise study. Cytokine 2022; 157:155965. [PMID: 35843124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) would lead to greater changes in resting concentrations of salivary IL-8 and IL-1ra than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in young, healthy adults, and to determine whether changes in IL-8 and IL-1ra after six weeks of either HIIT or MICT were associated with changes in maximal exercise capacity (VO2max). Participants were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of HIIT (n = 12) or MICT (n = 11), matched for workload. Saliva samples were collected at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the intervention, and analyzed for IL-8 and IL-1ra. Participants in both groups had significant improvements in VO2max; there were no group differences in improvements. A greater reduction in IL-8 was observed in the MICT group when compared to the HIIT group (HIIT median: -9.5; MICT median: -82.3 pg/µg of protein; U = 11.5, p < 0.001). When combining the HIIT and MICT group, there were significant reductions in IL-8 from T1 to T2. There was no correlation between changes in IL-8 (r < 0.00) or IL-1ra (r = -0.013) with changes in VO2max. In conclusion, 6 weeks of exercise training leads to a reduction in IL-8; MICT may lead to greater reductions when compared to HIIT. Future research examining longer intervention periods is needed to further elucidate the effects of HIIT and MICT on different pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D O'Neill
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - N O'Rourke
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - M Jeffrey
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - J M Green-Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - S Dogra
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada.
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3
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de França E, dos Santos RVT, Baptista LC, Da Silva MAR, Fukushima AR, Hirota VB, Martins RA, Caperuto EC. Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo. Front Physiol 2022; 13:843784. [PMID: 35360245 PMCID: PMC8960951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.843784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes. Melanocytes from vitiligo patients suffer from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by defective mitochondria besides a poor endogenous antioxidant system (EAS). This redox imbalance results in dramatic melanocyte oxidative stress (OS), causing significant damage in proteins, lipid membranes, and DNA. The damaged melanocytes secret damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), inducing and increasing inflammatory gene expression response that ultimately leads to melanocytes apoptosis. Vitiligo severity has been also associated with increasing the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or associated disorders such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, suggesting that in genetically predisposed individuals, the environmental context that triggers MetS (i.e., sedentary lifestyle) may also be an important trigger for the development and severity of vitiligo disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the immune system and epidermal melanocytes and their interplay with the redox system. Based on state-of-the-art evidence from the vitiligo research, physical exercise (PE) immunology, and redox system literature, we will also propose chronic PE as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat and prevent vitiligo disease progression. We will present evidence that chronic PE can change the balance of inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improve both EAS and the mitochondrial structure and function (resulting in the decrease of OS). Finally, we will highlight clinically relevant markers that can be analyzed in a new research avenue to test the potential applicability of chronic PE in vitiligo disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias de França
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL United States
- Targeted Exercise, Microbiome and Aging Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL United States
| | - Marco A. R. Da Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - André R. Fukushima
- Centro Universitário das Américas – FAM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde – IGESP – FASIG, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raul A. Martins
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Germano MD, Sindorf MAG, Crisp AH, Braz TV, Brigatto FA, Nunes AG, Verlengia R, Moreno MA, Aoki MS, Lopes CR. Effect of Different Recoveries During HIIT Sessions on Metabolic and Cardiorespiratory Responses and Sprint Performance in Healthy Men. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:121-129. [PMID: 31895286 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Germano, MD, Sindorf, MAG, Crisp, AH, Braz, TV, Brigatto, FA, Nunes, AG, Verlengia, R, Moreno, MA, Aoki, MS, and Lopes, CR. Effect of different recoveries during HIIT sessions on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses and sprint performance in healthy men. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 121-129, 2022-The purpose of this study was to investigate how the type (passive and active) and duration (short and long) recovery between maximum sprints affect blood lactate concentration, O2 consumed, the time spent at high percentages of V̇o2max, and performance. Subjects were randomly assigned to 4 experimental sessions of high-intensity interval training exercise. Each session was performed with a type and duration of the recovery (short passive recovery-2 minutes, long passive recovery [LPR-8 minutes], short active recovery-2 minutes, and long active recovery [LAR-8 minutes]). There were no significant differences in blood lactate concentration between any of the recoveries during the exercise period (p > 0.05). The LAR presented a significantly lower blood lactate value during the postexercise period compared with LPR (p < 0.01). The LPR showed a higher O2 volume consumed in detriment to the active protocols (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in time spent at all percentages of V̇o2max between any of the recovery protocols (p > 0.05). The passive recoveries showed a significantly higher effort time compared with the active recoveries (p < 0.001). Different recovery does not affect blood lactate concentration during exercise. All the recoveries permitted reaching and time spent at high percentages of V̇o2max. Therefore, all the recoveries may be efficient to generate disturbances in the cardiorespiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés D Germano
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Itapira, Itapira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio A G Sindorf
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex H Crisp
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago V Braz
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Brigatto
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana G Nunes
- University of Itapira, Itapira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rozângela Verlengia
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlene A Moreno
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Aoki
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Charles R Lopes
- Methodist University of Piracicaba, Human Performance Research Laboratory, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Adventist Faculty of Hortolândia, Hortolândia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Della Guardia L, Codella R. Exercise tolls the bell for key mediators of low-grade inflammation in dysmetabolic conditions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:83-93. [PMID: 34620559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic conditions share a common low-grade inflammatory milieu, which represents a key-factor for their ignition and maintenance. Exercise is instrumental for warranting systemic cardio-metabolic balance, owing to its regulatory effect on inflammation. This review explores the effect of physical activity in the modulation of sub-inflammatory framework characterizing dysmetabolic conditions. Regular exercise suppresses plasma levels of TNFα, IL-1β, FFAs and MCP-1, in dysmetabolic subjects. In addition, a single session of training increases the anti-inflammatory IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and muscle-derived IL-6, mitigating low-grade inflammation. Resting IL-6 levels are decreased in trained-dysmetabolic subjects, compared to sedentary. On the other hand, the acute release of muscle-IL-6, after exercise, seems to exert a regulatory effect on the metabolic and inflammatory balance. In fact, muscle-released IL-6 is presumably implicated in fat loss and boosts plasma levels of IL-10 and IL-1ra. The improvement of adipose tissue functionality, following regular exercise, is also critical for the mitigation of sub-inflammation. This effect is likely mediated by muscle-released IL-15 and IL-6 and partly relies on the brown-shifting of white adipocytes, induced by exercise. In obese-dysmetabolic subjects, moderate training is shown to restore gut-microbiota health, and this mitigates the translocation of bacterial-LPS into bloodstream. Finally, regular exercise can lower plasma advanced glycated endproducts. The articulated physiology of circulating mediators and the modulating effect of the pathophysiological background, render the comprehension of the exercise-regulatory effect on sub-inflammation a key issue, in dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy.
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Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:5. [PMID: 33414377 PMCID: PMC7791135 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-term exercise training programs that consist of moderate intensity endurance training or high intensity interval training have become popular choices for healthy lifestyle modifications, with as little as two weeks of training being shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body glucose metabolism. An emerging concept in exercise biology is that exercise stimulates the release of cytokines and other factors into the blood that contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism, but whether these factors behave similarly in response to moderate and high intensity short term training is not known. Here, we determined the effects of two short-term exercise training programs on the concentrations of select secreted cytokines and Klotho, a protein involved in anti-aging. Methods Healthy, sedentary men (n = 22) were randomized to moderate intensity training (MIT) or sprint intensity training (SIT) treatment groups. SIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of 6 × 30 s all out cycle ergometer sprints with 4 min of recovery between sprints. MIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of cycle ergometer exercise at 60% VO2peak, gradually increasing in duration from 40 to 60 min. Blood was taken before the intervention and 48 h after the last training session, and glucose uptake was measured using [18F]FDG‐PET/CT scanning. Cytokines were measured by multiplex and Klotho concentrations by ELISA. Results Both training protocols similarly increased VO2peak and decreased fat percentage and visceral fat (P < 0.05). MIT and SIT training programs both reduced the concentrations of IL-6, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Leptin. Interestingly, MIT, but not SIT increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations, an exercise-induced cytokine, as well as Klotho concentrations. Conclusion Short-term exercise training at markedly different intensities similarly improves cardiovascular fitness but results in intensity-specific changes in cytokine responses to exercise.
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Faelli E, Bisio A, Codella R, Ferrando V, Perasso L, Panascì M, Saverino D, Ruggeri P. Acute and Chronic Catabolic Responses to CrossFit® and Resistance Training in Young Males. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197172. [PMID: 33007966 PMCID: PMC7579488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the wide variety of conditioning program trainings employed, the present study compared the catabolic effects induced by CrossFit® and resistance training in moderately trained subjects. Twenty males joined either the CrossFit® group (n = 10; 30 min/day of “workout of the day”) or the resistance training (RT) group (n = 10; 30 min/day of resistance exercises) thrice a week, for 8 weeks. Salivary levels of cortisol, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and uric acid were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays before (PRE) and 30-min after (POST) SESSION 1 and SESSION 24. Variables’ percentual changes were computed as (POST-PRE)/PRE*100 in each session (Δ%). CrossFit® acutely increased cortisol levels in both sessions, with a significant decrease in Δ%cortisol from SESSION 1 to 24. In the RT group, cortisol values decreased in both sessions, only acutely. A significant decrease in IL-1β levels was registered acutely in both groups, in both sessions, whereas Δ%IL-1β was not different between the two groups. While uric acid levels increased in both groups acutely, a chronic downregulation of Δ%uric acid, from SESSION 1 to 24, was appreciated for the RT group only. Overall, CrossFit® appeared to induce more intense effects than the RT program as to the investigated catabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Faelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (A.B.); (V.F.); (L.P.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (A.B.); (V.F.); (L.P.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittoria Ferrando
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (A.B.); (V.F.); (L.P.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luisa Perasso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (A.B.); (V.F.); (L.P.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Marco Panascì
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Saverino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (A.B.); (V.F.); (L.P.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (A.B.); (V.F.); (L.P.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Ashton MM, Mohebbi M, Turner A, Marx W, Berk M, Malhi GS, Ng CH, Cotton SM, Dodd S, Sarris J, Hopwood M, Stubbs B, Dean OM. Physical Activity as a Predictor of Clinical Trial Outcomes in Bipolar Depression: A Subanalysis of a Mitochondrial-Enhancing Nutraceutical Randomized Controlled Trial. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:306-318. [PMID: 31775518 PMCID: PMC7265618 DOI: 10.1177/0706743719889547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) generally engage in low levels of physical activity (PA), and yet few studies have investigated the relationship between PA and change in BD symptom severity. The aim of this subanalysis of an adjunctive nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for the treatment of bipolar depression was to explore the relationship between PA, the active adjunctive treatments (a nutraceutical "mitochondrial cocktail"), and clinical outcomes. METHODS Participants with bipolar depression were randomized to receive N-acetylcysteine alone, N-acetylcysteine with a combination of nutraceuticals (chosen for the potential to increase mitochondrial activity), or placebo for 16 weeks. Participants (n = 145) who completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF; measured at Week 4) were included in this exploratory subanalysis. Assessments of BD symptoms, functioning, and quality of life were completed at monthly visits up until Week 20. Generalised Estimating Equations were used to explore whether IPAQ-SF scores were a moderator of treatment received on outcomes of the study. RESULTS Week-4 PA was not related to changes in Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores across the study until Week 20. However, participants who engaged in more PA and who received the combination treatment were more likely to have a reduction in scores on the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (P = 0.03). However, this was not consistent in all domains explored using the IPAQ-SF. Participants who engaged in higher levels of PA also experienced greater improvement in social and occupational functioning and less impairment in functioning due to their psychopathology and improvement in quality of life at Week 20, irrespective of treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence of the association between PA and reduction in BD symptoms in a nutraceutical clinical trial. However, further research assessing the potential synergistic effects of PA in BD is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Ashton
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gin S Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm Hopwood
- Professorial Psychiatry Unit, Albert Road Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Gomes-Santos JAF, Lambertucci RH, Vardaris CV, Passos MEP, Silva-Junior EP, Hatanaka E, Gorjão R, McAnulty SR, Souza-Junior TP, Barros MPD. Early Signs of Inflammation With Mild Oxidative Stress in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes After Simulated Combat. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 36:180-186. [PMID: 31714459 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gomes-Santos, JAF, Lambertucci, RH, Vardaris, CV, Passos, MEP, Silva-Junior, EP, Hatanaka, E, Gorjão, R, McAnulty, SR, Souza-Junior, TP, and Barros, MP. Early signs of inflammation with mild oxidative stress in Mixed Martial Arts athletes after simulated combat. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Combat sports involve a combination of strenuous physical activity, usually at the anaerobic threshold, followed by intermittent low-intensity recovery periods for energy re-establishment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are inevitable exercise-related processes that could drastically affect athletic performance and practitioners' health, unless efficiently controlled during and after physical activities. This study aims to measure oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in the plasma of 12 top ranked professional Mixed Martial Arts (MMAs) athletes before and after simulated combats under official rules (pre-post study). Our results show that the athletes exhibited mild oxidative imbalances in plasma, evidenced by significant (p < 0.01) higher contents of both reduced (+7.3%) and oxidized glutathione (+28%), uric acid (+21%), and "free" iron (+21%) after combat, whereas variation tendencies (0.05 < p < 0.01) were observed in the antioxidant capacity in plasma (-40%), and SOD (-27%) or GPX (+20%) antioxidant activities in erythrocytes. However, a clear pro-inflammatory state was detected by increases in circulating cytokines IL-6 (+6,020%), IL-1β (+4,357%), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (+63%), and by an abrupt drop of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (-98%). A significant correlation was observed between pre-post variations of IL-6 and GSH/GSSG ratio in plasma (p < 0.0001), which reinforces the integration between oxidative stress and inflammation during MMA combats. Considering metabolic and mechanical stresses (imposed by combat techniques, e.g., punches and joint locks), this study indicates pre-existing inflammation, although minor oxidative stress, in MMA professionals after combat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Herlich Lambertucci
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Vasconcelos Vardaris
- Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Elizabeth Pereira Passos
- Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edenilson Pinto Silva-Junior
- Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Steven Roy McAnulty
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Tácito Pessoa Souza-Junior
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Cabral-Santos C, de Lima Junior EA, Fernandes IMDC, Pinto RZ, Rosa-Neto JC, Bishop NC, Lira FS. Interleukin-10 responses from acute exercise in healthy subjects: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9956-9965. [PMID: 30536945 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that plays a critical role with potent anti-inflammatory properties when produced during exercise, limiting host immune response to pathogens and preventing tissue damage. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the response of IL-10 after acute exercise session in healthy adults. METHODS Databases of Ovid Medline (1978-2016), CINAHL (1998-2016), EMBASE (2003-2016), SportDiscus (1990-2016), and Web of Science library (1990-2016) were carefully screened. Clinical trials comparing exercise types in healthy individuals were included for pooled analysis. The trials of exercise were methodologically appraised by PEDro Scale. RESULTS Twelve randomized controlled and crossover trials containing 176 individuals were identified for inclusion. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences between type of exercise and the corresponding values in IL-10 [X2(4) = 2.878; p = 0.449]. The duration of exercise was significantly correlated with increase in IL-10 changes (Pearson's r = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.015-0.042, p < 0.0001) indicating that 48% of the variation in IL-10 levels can be explained by the duration of the exercise performed. In addition, despite a linear increase, we did not find a significant correlation with the intensity of exercise and IL-10 changes (Pearson's r = 0.218, 95%CI: -0.554-0.042, p < 0.035). CONCLUSION Overall, the duration of the exercise is the single most important factor determining the magnitude of the exercise-induced increase of plasma IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maia da Cruz Fernandes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolette Charllote Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences and National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Franchini E, Lira FS, Julio UF, Antunes BM, Agostinho MF, Shiroma SA, Gonçalves Panissa VL. Cytokine, physiological, technical–tactical and time structure responses in simulated judo competition. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1501993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Franchini
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Combat Centre, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ursula Ferreira Julio
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fabio Agostinho
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Seihati Ari Shiroma
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Lira FS, dos Santos T, Caldeira RS, Inoue DS, Panissa VLG, Cabral-Santos C, Campos EZ, Rodrigues B, Monteiro PA. Short-Term High- and Moderate-Intensity Training Modifies Inflammatory and Metabolic Factors in Response to Acute Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:856. [PMID: 29163201 PMCID: PMC5671556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the acute and chronic effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and steady state training (SST) on the metabolic profile and inflammatory response in physically active men. Methods: Thirty recreationally active men were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), or SST group (n = 10). For 5 weeks, three times per week, subjects performed HIIT (5 km 1-min at 100% of maximal aerobic speed interspersed by 1-min passive recovery) or SST (5 km at 70% of maximal aerobic speed) while the control group did not perform training. Blood samples were collected at fasting (~12 h), pre-exercise, immediately post, and 60 min post-acute exercise session (pre- and post-5 weeks training). Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels through a three-way analysis (group, period, and moment of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors. Results: The results showed an effect of moment of measurement (acute session) with greater values to TNF-α and glucose immediately post the exercise when compared to pre exercise session, independently of group or training period. For IL-6 there was an interaction effect for group and moment of measurement (acute session) the increase occurred immediately post-exercise session and post-60 min in the HIIT group while in the SST the increase was observed only 60 min post, independently of training period. For IL-10, there was an interaction for training period (pre- and post-training) and moment of measurement (acute session), in which in pre-training, pre-exercise values were lower than immediately and 60 min post-exercise, in post-training period pre-exercise values were lower than immediately post-exercise and immediately post-exercise lower than 60 min post, it was also observed that values immediately post-exercise were lower pre- than post-training, being all results independently of intensity (group). Conclusion: Our main result point to an interaction (acute and chronic) for IL-10 showing attenuation post-training period independent of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaislaine dos Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Santos Caldeira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Inoue
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria L. G. Panissa
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z. Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Monteiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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