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Wu W, Zeng C, Wu C, Wu T, Pang J, Zhou P, Cao Y. Antidepressant effect of carvedilol on streptozotocin-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy mice by altering gut microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150374. [PMID: 38986219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) and depression have been recognized for many years, their co-morbidity relationship and effective treatment choices remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antidepressant effect of carvedilol on streptozotocin-induced DPNP mice, and the relationship with gut microbiota. METHODS The hyperalgesia and depressive behaviors of mice with comorbidity of DPNP and depression were confirmed by pain threshold of the mechanical sensitivity test (MST), immobility time of the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST). The anti-depressive effect and fecal gut microbiota composition were studied in DPNP mice treated with carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day), and the relationships between them were analyzed by Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Depression was successfully induced in DPNP mice. Carvedilol can reverse the decreased mechanical pain threshold and relieve the depressive behaviors of DPNP mice, while increasing the abundance of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Helicobacter and Desulfovibrio, and decreasing the abundance of Akkermansia and Allobaculum. CONCLUSIONS Carvedilol can alleviate the mechanical hyperalgesia and alter gut microbiota to ameliorate the depression-like behaviors which induced by DPNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caineng Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Cao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Elmorsy EA, Saber S, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, El-Kott AF, AlShehri MA, Morsy K, Negm S, Youssef ME. Mechanistic insights into carvedilol's potential protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106849. [PMID: 38992452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline chemotherapy drug widely employed in the treatment of various cancers, known for its potent antineoplastic properties but often associated with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, limiting its clinical use. This review explores the complex molecular details that determine the heart-protective effectiveness of carvedilol in relation to cardiotoxicity caused by DOX. The harmful effects of DOX on heart cells could include oxidative stress, DNA damage, iron imbalance, disruption of autophagy, calcium imbalance, apoptosis, dysregulation of topoisomerase 2-beta, arrhythmogenicity, and inflammatory responses. This review carefully reveals how carvedilol serves as a strong protective mechanism, strategically reducing each aspect of cardiac damage caused by DOX. Carvedilol's antioxidant capabilities involve neutralizing free radicals and adjusting crucial antioxidant enzymes. It skillfully manages iron balance, controls autophagy, and restores the calcium balance essential for cellular stability. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effects of carvedilol are outlined through the adjustment of Bcl-2 family proteins and activation of the Akt signaling pathway. The medication also controls topoisomerase 2-beta and reduces the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, together offering a thorough defense against cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. These findings not only provide detailed understanding into the molecular mechanisms that coordinate heart protection by carvedilol but also offer considerable potential for the creation of targeted treatment strategies intended to relieve cardiotoxicity caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed A Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A AlShehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
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3
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Li Z, Wei H, Li R, Wu B, Xu M, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. The effects of antihypertensive drugs on glucose metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39140233 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism is a common disease of the endocrine system. The effects of drugs on glucose metabolism have been reported frequently in recent years, and since abnormal glucose metabolism increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, metabolic disorders, and infection, clinicians need to pay close attention to these effects. A variety of common drugs can affect glucose metabolism and have different mechanisms of action. Hypertension is a common chronic cardiovascular disease that requires long-term medication. Studies have shown that various antihypertensive drugs also have an impact on glucose metabolism. Among them, α-receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers can improve insulin resistance, while β-receptor blockers, thiazides and loop diuretics can impair glucose metabolism. The aim of this review was to discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of various antihypertensive drugs on glucose metabolism in order to provide reference information for rational clinical drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongxia Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baofeng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xifeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Clinical Research Center For Metabolic Diseases Of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Yang J, Liu Y, Wang M, Chen S, Miao Q, Liu Z, Zhang B, Deng G. Repair Effect of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Embedded in Hydrogel on Mouse Insulinoma 6 Cells Injured by Streptozotocin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1845. [PMID: 39000700 PMCID: PMC11244345 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess the capabilities of differentiation and immune modulation, which endow them with therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, to investigate the repair mechanism of UC-MSCs in hydrogel on pancreatic β-cells in diabetes, mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN-6) cells damaged by streptozotocin (STZ) in vitro were used in co-culture with UC-MSCs in hydrogel (UC-MSCs + hydrogel). It was found that UC-MSCs + hydrogel had a significant repair effect on injured MIN-6 cells, which was better than the use of UC-MSCs alone (without hydrogel). After repair, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the repaired MIN-6 cells were increased, effectively reducing the oxidative stress caused by STZ. In addition, UC-MSCs + hydrogel were able to curb the inflammatory response by promoting the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and reducing inflammatory factor IL-1β. In addition, the expression of both nuclear antigen Ki67 for cell proliferation and insulin-related genes such as Pdx1 and MafA was increased in the repaired MIN-6 cells by UC-MSCs + hydrogel, suggesting that the repair effect promotes the proliferation of the injured MIN-6 cells. Compared with the use of UC-MSCs alone, UC-MSCs + hydrogel exhibit superior antioxidant stress resistance against injured MIN-6 cells, better proliferation effects and a longer survival time of UC-MSCs because the porous structure and hydrophilic properties of the hydrogel could affect the growth of cells and slow down their metabolic activities, resulting in a better repair effect on the injured MIN-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.Y.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (B.Z.); (G.D.)
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Harahap U, Syahputra RA, Ahmed A, Nasution A, Wisely W, Sirait ML, Dalimunthe A, Zainalabidin S, Taslim NA, Nurkolis F, Kim B. Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3146-3168. [PMID: 38616386 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a complex disease influenced by various risk factors. It is characterized by persistent elevation of BP levels, typically exceeding 140/90 mmHg. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play crucial roles in hypertension development. L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an analog of L-arginine, inhibits endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzymes, leading to decreased NO production and increased BP. Animal models exposed to L-NAME manifest hypertension, making it a useful design for studying the hypertension condition. Natural products have gained interest as alternative approaches for managing hypertension. Flavonoids, abundant in fruits, vegetables, and other plant sources, have potential cardiovascular benefits, including antihypertensive effects. Flavonoids have been extensively studied in cell cultures, animal models, and, to lesser extent, in human trials to evaluate their effectiveness against L-NAME-induced hypertension. This comprehensive review summarizes the antihypertensive activity of specific flavonoids, including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, troxerutin, apigenin, and chrysin, in L-NAME-induced hypertension models. Flavonoids possess antioxidant properties that mitigate oxidative stress, a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. They enhance endothelial function by promoting NO bioavailability, vasodilation, and the preservation of vascular homeostasis. Flavonoids also modulate vasoactive factors involved in BP regulation, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin-1. Moreover, they exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, attenuating inflammation-mediated hypertension. This review provides compelling evidence for the antihypertensive potential of flavonoids against L-NAME-induced hypertension. Their multifaceted mechanisms of action suggest their ability to target multiple pathways involved in hypertension development. Nonetheless, the reviewed studies contribute to the evidence supporting the useful of flavonoids for hypertension prevention and treatment. In conclusion, flavonoids represent a promising class of natural compounds for combating hypertension. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource summarizing the current knowledge on the antihypertensive effects of specific flavonoids, facilitating further investigation and guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Azhari Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wenny Wisely
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Maureen Lazurit Sirait
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Aminah Dalimunthe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Study, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Uğuz E, Kurtul A, Şen F. Effect of Carvedilol Versus Metoprolol on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention Therapy. Angiology 2024; 75:323-330. [PMID: 36647202 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Carvedilol can inhibit inflammation, vasoconstriction, and oxidative stress, which play important roles in the development and progression of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated the potential effect of carvedilol on the prevalence of CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study aimed to determine whether carvedilol use is associated with the development of CIN. A total of 319 patients (mean age, 59.2 ± 12.4 years; 77.7% male) with ACS who underwent urgent PCI at our institution between May 2019 and May 2022 were included prospectively. Overall, 100 and 219 patients were assigned to the carvedilol and metoprolol groups, respectively. The prevalence of CIN was significantly lower in the carvedilol group (6.0%) than in the metoprolol group (18.3%; P = .003). Multivariate analysis revealed that carvedilol use (odds ratio [OR] .250, 95% confidence interval [CI] .092-.677, P = .006), amount of contrast agent (OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.000-1.008, P = .031), and admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR .978, 95% CI 0.960-.995, P = .014) were independently associated with the development of CIN. The use of carvedilol may be a promising option for the prevention of CIN in patients with ACS undergoing urgent PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Uğuz
- Department of Cardiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Kurtul
- Department of Cardiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Department of Cardiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Chen J, Chen H, Feng C, Chen Q, Fang X, Wang Y, Zhang N. Anti-inflammatory effect of lignans from flaxseed after fermentation by lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCB0151 in vitro. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:134. [PMID: 38480613 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Lignan, a beneficial constituent of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) showed great interest in researchers because of its multiple functional properties. Nonetheless, a challenge arises due to the glycosidic structure of lignans, which the gut epithelium cannot readily absorb. Therefore, we screened 18 strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Enterococcus durans to remove glycosides from flaxseed lignan extract enzymatically. Among our findings, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCB0151 showed the highest activity of β-glucosidase (8.91 ± 0.04 U/mL) and higher transformed efficiency of Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) (8.21 ± 0.13%). The conversion rate of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and the generation rate of SECO was 58.30 ± 3.78% and 32.13 ± 2.78%, respectively, under the optimized conditions. According to the LC-HRMSMS analysis, SECO (68.55 ± 6.57 µM), Ferulic acid (FA) (32.12 ± 2.50 µM), and Coumaric acid (CA) (79.60 ± 6.21 µM) were identified in the biotransformation products (TP) of flaxseed lignan extract. Results revealed that the TP exhibited a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect than the flaxseed lignan extract. SECO, FA, and CA demonstrated a more inhibitory effect on NO than that of SDG. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 was significantly suppressed by TP treatment in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. The secretion of IL-6, IL-2, and IL-1β decreased by 87.09 ± 0.99%, 45.40 ± 0.87%, and 53.18 ± 0.83%, respectively, at 60 µg/mL of TP treatment. Given these data, the bioavailability of flaxseed lignan extract and its anti-inflammatory effect were significantly enhanced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCB0151, which provided a novel approach to commercializing flaxseed lignan extract for functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- National Center of Quality Inspection and Testing on Air Purification Products, Guangzhou Institute of Microbiology Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Ren W, Hua M, Cao F, Zeng W. The Sympathetic-Immune Milieu in Metabolic Health and Diseases: Insights from Pancreas, Liver, Intestine, and Adipose Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306128. [PMID: 38039489 PMCID: PMC10885671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation plays a crucial role in maintaining energy balance and contributes to metabolic pathophysiology. Recent evidence has begun to uncover the innervation landscape of sympathetic projections and sheds light on their important functions in metabolic activities. Additionally, the immune system has long been studied for its essential roles in metabolic health and diseases. In this review, the aim is to provide an overview of the current research progress on the sympathetic regulation of key metabolic organs, including the pancreas, liver, intestine, and adipose tissues. In particular, efforts are made to highlight the critical roles of the peripheral nervous system and its potential interplay with immune components. Overall, it is hoped to underscore the importance of studying metabolic organs from a comprehensive and interconnected perspective, which will provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Ren
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Meng Hua
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou563000China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
- SXMU‐Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier MedicineTaiyuan030001China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesBeijing100084China
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Yang MH, Yang Y, Zhou X, Chen HG. Advances in polysaccharides of natural source of anti-diabetes effect and mechanism. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:101. [PMID: 38217792 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes is a chronic disease in metabolic disorder, and the pathology is characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretion disorder in blood. In current, many studies have revealed that polysaccharides extracted from natural sources with significant anti-diabetic effects. Natural polysaccharides can ameliorate diabetes through different action mechanisms. All these polysaccharides are expected to have an important role in the clinic. METHODS Existing polysaccharides for the treatment of diabetes are reviewed, and the mechanism of polysaccharides in the treatment of diabetes and its structural characteristics are described in detail. RESULTS This article introduced the natural polysaccharide through different mechanisms of action in the treatment of diabetes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response and regulation of intestinal bacteria. Natural polysaccharides can treat of diabetes by regulating signaling pathways is also a research hotspot. In addition, the structural characteristics of polysaccharides were explored. There are some structure-activity relationships between natural polysaccharides and the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Gao J, Tao L, Jiang Z. Alleviate oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy: antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2272386. [PMID: 38041593 PMCID: PMC11001280 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2272386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review outlines the function of oxidative stress in DR and discusses therapeutic strategies to treat DR with antioxidants. METHODS Published papers on oxidative stress in DR and therapeutic strategies to treat DR with antioxidants were collected and reviewed via database searching on PubMed. RESULTS The abnormal development of DR is a complicated process. The pathogenesis of DR has been reported to involve oxidative stress, despite the fact that the mechanisms underlying this are still not fully understood. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation can damage retina, eventually leading to DR. Increasing evidence have demonstrated that antioxidant therapy can alleviate the degeneration of retinal capillaries in DR. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress can play an important contributor in the pathogenesis of DR. Furthermore, animal experiments have shown that antioxidants are a beneficial therapy for treating DR, but more clinical trial data is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengxuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Hareeri RH, Alam AM, Bagher AM, Alamoudi AJ, Aldurdunji MM, Shaik RA, Eid BG, Ashour OM. Protective Effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol on Acute Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101787. [PMID: 37766820 PMCID: PMC10520946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury (MI) is an important pathological driver of mortality worldwide., and arises as a result of imbalances between myocardial oxygen demand and supply. In MI, oxidative stress often leads to inflammatory changes and apoptosis. Current therapies for MI are known to cause various adverse effects. Consequently, the development of new therapeutic agents with a reduced adverse event profile is necessary. In this regard, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), the metabolic end-product of oestradiol, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this research is to assess the impact of 2ME on cardiac injury caused by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats. Animals were separated into six groups; controls, and those receiving 2ME (1 mg/kg), ISO (85 mg/kg), ISO + 2ME (0.25 mg/kg), ISO + 2ME (0.5 mg/kg), and ISO + 2ME (1 mg/kg). 2ME significantly attenuated ISO-induced changes in electrocardiographic changes and the cardiac histological pattern. This compound also decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, creatine kinase myocardial band and troponin levels. The ability of 2ME to act as an antioxidant was shown by a decrease in malondialdehyde concentration, and the restoration of glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity. Additionally, 2ME antagonized inflammation and cardiac cell apoptosis, a process determined to be mediated, at least partially, by suppression of Gal-3/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. 2ME offers protection against acute ISO-induced MI in rats and offers a novel therapeutic management option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan H. Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M. Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Aldurdunji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Abdulrasheed-Adeleke T, Lawal B, Agwupuye EI, Kuo Y, Eni AM, Ekoh OF, Lukman HY, Onikanni AS, Olawale F, Saidu S, Ibrahim YO, Al Ghamdi MAS, Aggad SS, Alsayegh AA, Aljarba NH, Batiha GES, Wu AT, Huang HS. Apigetrin-enriched Pulmeria alba extract prevents assault of STZ on pancreatic β-cells and neuronal oxidative stress with concomitant attenuation of tissue damage and suppression of inflammation in the brain of diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114582. [PMID: 36989727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models were used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pulmeria alba methanolic (PAm) extract, and we identified the major phytocompound, apigetrin. Our in vitro studies revealed dose-dependent increased glucose uptake and inhibition of α-amylase (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50)= 217.19 µg/mL), antioxidant (DPPH, ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) [IC50 = 103.23, 58.72, and 114.16 µg/mL respectively]), and anti-inflammatory potential (stabilizes human red blood cell (HRBC) membranes, and inhibits proteinase and protein denaturation [IC50 = 143.73, 131.63, and 198.57 µg/mL]) by the PAm extract. In an in vivo model, PAm treatment reversed hyperglycemia and attenuated insulin deficiency in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. A post-treatment tissue analysis revealed that PAm attenuated neuronal oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and neuro-cognitive deficiencies. This was evidenced by increased levels of antioxidants enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH)), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), proinflammatory markers (cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), nuclear factor (NF)-κB and nitric oxide (NOx)), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the brain of PAm-treated rats compared to the STZ-induced diabetic controls. However, no treatment-related changes were observed in levels of neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine. Furthermore, STZ-induced dyslipidemia and alterations in serum biochemical markers of hepatorenal dysfunction were also reversed by PAm treatment. Extract characterization identified apigetrin (retention time: 21,227 s, 30.48%, m/z: 433.15) as the major bioactive compound in the PAm extract. Consequently, we provide in silico insights into the potential of apigetrin to target AChE/COX-2/NOX/NF-κB Altogether the present study provides preclinical evidence of the therapeutic potential of the apigetrin-enriched PAm extract for treating oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation associated with diabetes.
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13
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Soylu H, Karacor K. The effects of hydroxytyrosol on Prdx6 and insulin expression in diabetic rat pancreases. Histochem Cell Biol 2023:10.1007/s00418-023-02207-3. [PMID: 37219732 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread endocrine disease worldwide, accompanying chronic hyperglycemia. In this study, we investigated the effect of hydroxytyrosol, which exerts an antioxidant effect, on the expressions of insulin and peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6), which protect cells against oxidative injury in diabetic rat pancreas. This experimental study had four groups with ten animals in each group: control (nondiabetic) group, hydroxytyrosol group [10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection (ip) hydroxytyrosol for 30 days], streptozotocin group (single ip injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin), and streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group (single ip injection of streptozotocin and ip injection of 10 mg/kg/day hydroxytyrosol for 30 days). During the experiment, blood glucose levels were measured at regular intervals. Insulin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Prdx6 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Immunohistochemistry and western blot results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with applied Holm-Sidak multiple comparison test, and blood glucose results were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA with applied Tukey's multiple comparison test. Blood glucose levels on days 21 and 28 were significantly lower in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group compared with the streptozotocin group (day 21, p = 0.049 and day 28, p = 0.003). Expression of both insulin and Prdx6 were lower in the streptozotocin and the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol groups compared with the control and hydroxytyrosol groups (p < 0.001). Insulin and Prdx6 expression in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group were higher compared with the streptozotocin group (p < 0.001). The immunohistochemical findings of Prdx6 and western blot were the same. In conclusion, hydroxytyrosol, which is an antioxidant compound, increased Prdx6 and insulin expression in diabetic rats. Insulin increased by hydroxytyrosol may have been effective in reducing blood glucose levels. Furthermore, hydroxytyrosol may exert its effect on insulin by increasing Prdx6 expression. Thus, hydroxytyrosol may decrease or prevent several hyperglycemia-dependent complications by increasing the expression of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Soylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Campus, 81620, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Kayihan Karacor
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Campus, 81620, Duzce, Turkey
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14
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Abbas NAT, Nafea OE, Mohammed HO, Samy W, Abdelmageed AF, Afifi R, Hassan HA. Repurposing of carvedilol to alleviate lung fibrosis in rats: Repressing of TGF-β1/α-SMA/Smad2/3 and STAT3 gene expressions. Life Sci 2023; 324:121692. [PMID: 37061127 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most widely studied interstitial lung disease. IPF eventually leads to respiratory insufficiency, lung cancer, and death. Carvedilol (CAR) is a third-generation β-adrenergic receptor antagonist with α1-blocking effect. CAR demonstrates antifibrotic activities in various experimental models of organ fibrosis. AIMS This work is designed to explore the possible alleviating effects of CAR on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. MAIN METHODS The BLM rat model of lung fibrosis was achieved by intratracheal delivery of a single dose of 5 mg/kg of BLM. Seven days following BLM injection, either prednisolone or CAR was orally administered at doses of 10 mg/kg once daily for 21 days to rats. The actions of CAR were evaluated by lung oxidant/antioxidant parameters, protein concentration and total leucocyte count (TLC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), fibrosis regulator-related genes along with the coexistent lung histological changes. KEY FINDINGS CAR effectively decreased lung malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase activity, declined both protein concentration and TLC in BALF, downregulated TGF-β1/α-SMA/Smad2/3 and STAT3 gene expressions, and repaired the damaged lung tissues. SIGNIFICANCE CAR conferred therapeutic potential against BLM-induced lung fibrosis in rats, at least in part, to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities. CAR could be utilized as a prospective therapeutic option in patients with lung fibrosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A T Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ola Elsayed Nafea
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heba Osama Mohammed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 45519, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy Abdelmageed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 45519, Egypt
| | | | - Heba A Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
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15
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Hassanein EHM, Bakr AG, El-Shoura EAM, Ahmed LK, Ali FEM. Acetovanillone augmented the cardioprotective effect of carvedilol against cadmium-induced heart injury via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5278. [PMID: 37002251 PMCID: PMC10066216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac toxicity is a public health issue that can be caused by both environmental and occupational exposures. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of carvedilol (CV), Acetovanillone (ACET), and their combination for ameliorating cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis. Rats were assigned to; the normal group, Cd group (2 mg/kg; i.p., single dose), and the other three groups received orally CV (10 mg/kg), ACET (25 mg/kg), and CV plus ACET, respectively and a single dose of Cd. Oral administration of CV, ACET, and their combination significantly dampens cardiac oxidative injury by increasing antioxidants GSH and SOD levels, while it decreases MDA and NADPH oxidase levels mediated by decreasing cardiac abundance of Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT1 and downregulating KEAP-1 and FOXO-3 levels. Also, they significantly attenuated inflammatory response as indicated by reducing MPO and NOx as well as proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 mediated by downregulating TLR4, iNOS, and NF-κB proteins expression as well as IκB upregulation. Moreover, they potently counteracted cardiac necroptosis by downregulating RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and caspase-8 proteins expression. Of note, the combination of CV and ACET have marked protection that exceeded each drug alone. Conclusively, CV ad ACET potently mitigated Cd-induced cardiac intoxication by regulating NADPH oxidase, KEAP-1/Nrf2/HO-1, SIRT1/FOXO-3, TLR4/NF-κB/iNOS, and RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Adel G Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Khalaf Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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16
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Li J, Zeng C, Huang Q, Zheng MM, Chen J, Ma D. Control release of α-mangostin by a novel dual-polysaccharides delivery system for colitis treatment under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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17
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Ho JH, Baskaran R, Wang MF, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Yang HS, Balasubramanian B, Lin WT. Dipeptide IF and Exercise Training Attenuate Hypertension in SHR Rats by Inhibiting Fibrosis and Hypertrophy and Activating AMPKα1, SIRT1, and PGC1α. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158167. [PMID: 35897743 PMCID: PMC9330102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are physiologically active peptides produced from proteins by gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation, or hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. Bioactive peptides are resorbed in their whole form and have a preventive effect against various disease conditions, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence showing that physiologically active peptides may have a function in sports nutrition. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of dipeptide (IF) from alcalase potato protein hydrolysates and exercise training in hypertensive (SHR) rats. Animals were divided into five groups. Bioactive peptide IF and swimming exercise training normalized the blood pressure and decreased the heart weight. Cardiac, hepatic, and renal functional markers also normalized in SHR rats. The combined administration of IF peptide and exercise offer better protection in SHR rats by downregulating proteins associated with myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation. Remarkably, peptide treatment alongside exercise activates the PI3K/AKT cell survival pathway in the myocardial tissue of SHR animals. Further, the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway (AMPKα1, SIRT1, and PGC1α) was synergistically activated by the combinatorial treatment of IF and exercise. Exercise training along with IF administration could be a possible approach to alleviating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jou-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; (J.-H.H.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hong-Siang Yang
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; (J.-H.H.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | | | - Wan-Teng Lin
- Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2359-0121 (ext. 37709)
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18
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Wang Y, Chen J, Sang T, Chen C, Peng H, Lin X, Zhao Q, Chen S, Eling T, Wang X. NAG-1/GDF15 protects against streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes by inhibiting apoptosis, preserving beta-cell function, and suppressing inflammation in pancreatic islets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 549:111643. [PMID: 35398052 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells is a hallmark of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Previously, we reported that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene-1, or growth differentiation factor-15 (NAG-1/GDF15) inhibits obesity and improves insulin sensitivity in both genetic and dietary-induced obese mice. However, the regulatory role of NAG-1/GDF15 in the structure and function of β-cells and the prevention of T1DM is largely unknown. In the current study, we reported that NAG-1/GDF15 transgenic (Tg) mice are resistant to diabetogenesis induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) treatment. NAG-1/GDF15 overexpression significantly reduced diabetes incidence, alleviated symptoms of T1DM, and improved MLD-STZ-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Both the mass and function of pancreatic β cells were preserved in the NAG-1/GDF15 Tg mice as evidenced by significantly increased islet area and insulin production. The mechanistic study revealed that NAG-1/GDF15 significantly inhibited STZ-induced apoptosis and preserved the reduction of proliferation in the islets of the Tg mice as compared to the wild-type (WT) mice upon MLD-STZ treatment. Additionally, NAG-1/GDF15 significantly reduced both the serum and islet levels of the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and reduced the expression of NF-κB expression and immune cells infiltration in the islets. Collectively, these results indicate that NAG-1/GDF15 is effective in improving STZ-induced glucose intolerance, probably was mediated via suppressing inflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, and preserving β-cell mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Tingting Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - He Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Xiaojian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Shengjia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Thomas Eling
- Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xingya Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
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Kannan P, Karthikeyan P, Subramaniam N, Mohan T, Gopinath B, Chakrapani LN, Palanivelu S, Raghunathan M, Periandavan K. Gymnemic acid protects murine pancreatic β-cells by moderating hyperglycemic stress-induced inflammation and apoptosis in type 1 diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23050. [PMID: 35343011 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic immune-mediated disease caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction with consequent severe insulin deficiency. Exacerbated blood glucose levels can cause oxidative stress in the pancreatic β-cells, which leads to inflammation, and apoptosis resulting in islet dysfunction. Although massive studies have been carried out to elucidate the causative factors for β-cell damage in diabetes, the therapeutic approach to pancreatic β-cell damage has not been extensively studied. Hence, the present study has been designed to delineate the role of gymnemic acid (GA) in protecting pancreatic β-cells in diabetic animals, with special reference to inflammation and apoptosis. Our data revealed that the treatment with GA significantly reverted the alteration in both biochemical and histochemical observations in young diabetic rats. Moreover, treatment with the GA downregulates the expression of proinflammatory markers (nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-[IL]-6, and IL-1β), proapoptotic proteins (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3), as well as upregulates the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in diabetic rats. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic nature of GA mitigates β-cell damage in hyperglycemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pugazhendhi Kannan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Porkodi Karthikeyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Nirmala Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Thangarajeswari Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Bhavani Gopinath
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi N Chakrapani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Shanthi Palanivelu
- Department of Pathology, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Malathi Raghunathan
- Department of Pathology, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Periandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
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20
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Zou M, Chi J, Jiang Z, Zhang W, Hu H, Ju R, Liu C, Xu T, Wang S, Feng Z, Liu W, Han B. Functional thermosensitive hydrogels based on chitin as RIN-m5F cell carrier for the treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:453-466. [PMID: 35247418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCT) hydrogel was prepared and the chemical structures, microstructures, rheological properties and degradation in vitro were investigated. The HPCT hydrogel possessed satisfactory biocompatibility in mouse fibroblast cells and Sprague Dawley rats. On the other hand, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) provided favorable capacity for promoting cell proliferation, delaying cell apoptosis, and facilitating the insulin secretion of rat pancreatic beta cells (RIN-m5F) in three-dimensional culture. Most importantly, the effects of HPCT/NAG and HPCT/CMCS thermosensitive hydrogels as RIN-m5F cells carriers were evaluated via injection into different areas of diabetic rats. Our results demonstrated that HPCT/NAG and HPCT/CMCS hydrogels loaded RIN-m5F cells could keep cells survival, maintain insulin secretion and reduce blood glucose for one week. Overall, the functional thermosensitive hydrogels based on HPCT were effective cell carriers for RIN-m5F cells and might provide novel strategy for the treatment of diabetes via cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jinhua Chi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Huiwen Hu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruibao Ju
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chenqi Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhilong Feng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Baoqin Han
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China.
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21
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Shaban M, Hayadokht H, Hanaee J, Jahanbeen Sardroudi J, Entezari-Maleki T, Soltani S. Synthesis, characterization, and the investigation of the applicability of citric acid functionalized Fe2O3 nanoparticles for the extraction of carvedilol from human plasma using DFT calculations and clinical samples analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Amirshahrokhi K, Niapour A. Methylsulfonylmethane protects against ethanol-induced brain injury in mice through the inhibition of oxidative stress, proinflammatory mediators and apoptotic cell death. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108638. [PMID: 35203043 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption causes brain injury through oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic cell death. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural compound that has therapeutic effects on oxidative and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of MSM on ethanol-induced brain injury in an experimental model. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to binge ethanol (5 g/kg/day, orally) and treated with MSM (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) concomitantly for 12 days. At the end of the experiment brain tissues were removed for histological and biochemical analysis. The results showed that MSM reduced ethanol-mediated oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the levels of cytoprotective antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) were increased by MSM in the brain tissue. MSM treatment reduced the ethanol-induced inflammatory factors including myeloperoxidase (MPO), iNOS/NO, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), NLRP3 inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1. MSM also decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells while increased the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in the brain tissue. Our findings demonstrated that MSM protects against ethanol-induced brain injury by improving anti-oxidant defense mechanism and reducing ethanol-mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, MSM may be a potential protective approach for brain damage caused by high levels of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Amirshahrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Ali Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Hoare JI, Osmani B, O'Sullivan EA, Browne A, Campbell N, Metcalf S, Nicolini F, Saxena J, Martin SA, Lockley M. Carvedilol targets β-arrestins to rewire innate immunity and improve oncolytic adenoviral therapy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:106. [PMID: 35115660 PMCID: PMC8813932 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are being tested in clinical trials, including in women with ovarian cancer. We use a drug-repurposing approach to identify existing drugs that enhance the activity of oncolytic adenoviruses. This reveals that carvedilol, a β-arrestin-biased β-blocker, synergises with both wild-type adenovirus and the E1A-CR2-deleted oncolytic adenovirus, dl922-947. Synergy is not due to β-adrenergic blockade but is dependent on β-arrestins and is reversed by β-arrestin CRISPR gene editing. Co-treatment with dl922-947 and carvedilol causes increased viral DNA replication, greater viral protein expression and higher titres of infectious viral particles. Carvedilol also enhances viral efficacy in orthotopic, intraperitoneal murine models, achieving more rapid tumour clearance than virus alone. Increased anti-cancer activity is associated with an intratumoural inflammatory cell infiltrate and systemic cytokine release. In summary, carvedilol augments the activity of oncolytic adenoviruses via β-arrestins to re-wire cytokine networks and innate immunity and could therefore improve oncolytic viruses for cancer patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Hoare
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bleona Osmani
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emily A O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Browne
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Metcalf
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Nicolini
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jayeta Saxena
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Cancer Services, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
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24
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Zhang Y, Li M, Wang W, He S. Carvedilol activates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/ antioxidant response element pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by high glucose. Bioengineered 2022; 13:735-745. [PMID: 34898371 PMCID: PMC8805944 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most prominent manifestation of diabetic microangiopathy and is a serious complication of diabetes. Despite extensive researches focusing on DR, treatment options for DR are still limited. Carvedilol (CAR) has vasodilatory, antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects and poses a vital role in addressing the issue of diabetic complications. This paper attempts to explore this property of CAR and investigate into its effects on DR. First, ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of CAR and cells were induced with 30 mM high glucose (HG) to establish a DR cell model. Cell viability was assayed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) with or without HG induction. Cellular inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and corresponding kits. The measurement of apoptosis levels was conducted by Terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and Western blotting. The protein levels related to Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway were assessed by Western blotting. Finally, cellular inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells pretreated with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 were tested again by the same methods. Results showed that under HG induction, CAR effectively improved ARPE-19 cell viability, inhibited cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Moreover, CAR activated Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, which further suppressed cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Overall, CAR inhibited HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells by activating Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingcun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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25
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Effect of a Low Dose of Carvedilol on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Urinary Toxicity in Rats—A Comparison with Mesna. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121237. [PMID: 34959638 PMCID: PMC8708009 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major side effects of cyclophosphamide (CPX)—an alkylating anticancer drug that is still clinically used—is urotoxicity with hemorrhagic cystitis. The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of carvedilol to protect rats from cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity. Rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with CPX (200 mg/kg) and administered carvedilol (2 mg/kg) intragastrically a day before, at the day and a day after a single i.p. injection of CPX, with or without mesna (40, 80, and 80 mg/kg i.p. 20 min before, 4 h and 8 h after CPX administration, respectively). Pretreatment with carvedilol partly prevented the CPX-induced increase in urinary bladder and kidney index, and completely protects from CPX-evoked alterations in serum potassium and creatinine level, but did not prevent histological alterations in the urinary bladder and hematuria. However, carvedilol administration resulted in significant restoration of kidney glutathione (GSH) level and a decrease in kidney interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations. Not only did mesna improve kidney function, but it also completely reversed histological abnormalities in bladders and prevented hematuria. In most cases, no significant interaction of carvedilol with mesna was observed, although the effect of both drugs together was better than mesna given alone regarding plasma ADMA level and kidney IL-1β concentration. In conclusion, carvedilol did not counteract the injury caused in the urinary bladders but restored kidney function, presumably via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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26
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Abo El-Magd NF, Ramadan NM, Eraky SM. The ameliorative effect of bromelain on STZ-induced type 1 diabetes in rats through Oxi-LDL/LPA/LPAR1 pathway. Life Sci 2021; 285:119982. [PMID: 34592232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes, a serious worldwide problem, is modulated via inflammation and oxidative stress. Bromelain, a natural compound, recently attracts interest due to its anti-inflammatory effects, while its mode of action remains not properly understood. Thus, investigating the antidiabetic effect of bromelain is promising. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomized into normal group, STZ group (were administrated single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ)) and STZ + Bro group (were administrated single i.p injection of STZ, 72 h later were i.p administrated 10 mg/kg/day bromelain for 15 days). Wound healing ability was investigated for different groups. Spectrophotometry, ELISA, histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques were applied. KEY FINDINGS Bromelain significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides and cholesterol and hepatic malondialdehyde levels compared with STZ group. Moreover, Bromelain significantly increased serum albumin and total protein levels and percentage of wound healing compared with STZ group. These results were confirmed through the histopathological examination of liver, pancreas, and skin tissues. Investigating the molecular mechanism underlying these effects, STZ injection caused significant increase in hepatic oxidized-LDL (Oxi-LDL) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels and hepatic lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1), and beta secretase (BACE1) protein tissue expressions, while bromelain significantly aborted these effects. Thus, STZ caused upregulation of Oxi-LDL/LPA/LPAR1/BACE1 pathway, while bromelain significantly ameliorated these effects. SIGNIFICANCE To our best knowledge, this study represents the 1st study investigating Oxi-LDL/LPA/LPAR1/BACE1 pathway in STZ-induced diabetes in rats, in addition to the promising ameliorative effect of bromelain in STZ-induced diabetes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada F Abo El-Magd
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nehal M Ramadan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Salma M Eraky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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27
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Gao Y, Qin H, Wu D, Liu C, Fang L, Wang J, Liu X, Min W. Walnut peptide WEKPPVSH in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglia via the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/p38 MAPK pathways. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:496-504. [PMID: 34509368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The peptide WEKPPVSH from walnut protein hydrolyzate was used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia and its possible mechanism. The results indicated that WEKPPVSH significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly up-regulated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.01). Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that WEKPPVSH significantly mitigated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence analysis exhibited that WEKPPVSH down-regulated p65 translocation to the cell nucleus. Western blotting showed that WEKPPVSH up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and down-regulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p-IκB/IκB, p-p65/p65 and p-p38/p38. In summary, WEKPPVSH might protect against oxidative stress and inflammation in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia by enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and blocking the nuclear factor-κB/p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase (NF-κB/p38 MAPK) signaling pathway. The results provided an experimental basis for the research and development of walnut peptide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Hanxiong Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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28
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Mahmoud MF, Abdelaal S, Mohammed HO, El-Shazly AM, Daoud R, El Raey MA, Sobeh M. Syzygium jambos extract mitigates pancreatic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis and modulates hepatic IRS-2/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112085. [PMID: 34463263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of Syzygium jambos (SJ) bark extract against streptozotocin-induced diabetes was tested in rats. Animals were treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg of the extract or glibenclamide, 0.5 mg/kg per os, once daily: started 2 days before streptozotocin (STZ) injection and lasted for 14 days after STZ injection. The effect of the extract was also evaluated on normal rats in comparison with glibenclamide. Diabetic animals showed an elevated blood glucose level, positive glycosuria, elevated fructosamine, pancreatic malondialdehyde, pancreatic TNF-a, and pancreatic caspase-3 levels and decreased serum insulin, pancreatic IL-10, pancreatic BCL-2, reduced glutathione (GSH), liver insulin substrate-2, liver phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and liver glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels. Histopathological examination of diabetic rats revealed islets destruction and vacuolation and collagen fibers deposition. All these changes were mitigated dose dependently by the extract. The high dose of the extract exerted comparable effects with glibenclamide in most studied parameters. These results indicated the protective role of SJ against the STZ diabetogenic action. In the pancreatic and hepatic tissue of diabetic rats, SJ effectively recovered pancreatic cells by reducing hyperglycemia through activating endogenous antioxidants, dynamic insulin production, and suppressing inflammation and apoptosis. The observed results might be attributed to the existence of 10 secondary metabolites as annotated by LC-MS. Taken together, S. jambos is a potential candidate for further studies to confirm its activities as a therapeutic agent for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa Abdelaal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba Osama Mohammed
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rachid Daoud
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mohamed A El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco.
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29
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Amirshahrokhi K. Thalidomide reduces glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine 2021; 144:155574. [PMID: 33975771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important clinical complication of rhabdomyolysis. The inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis. Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory agent that has been used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of thalidomide and its underlying mechanisms on a mouse model of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Mice were injected with a single dose of glycerol (50%, 10 ml/kg, im) to induce AKI, and treated with thalidomide (40 and 80 mg/kg/day, orally) for 2 days. Renal tissue and blood samples were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. In thalidomide treated mice, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (59.3 ± 19.6 vs. 223 ± 33 mg/dl), plasma creatinine (0.58 ± 0.3 vs. 1.28 ± 0.3 mg/dl), relative kidney weight (0.93 ± 0.13% vs. 1.22 ± 0.1%) and histopathological damage (1.5 ± 0.8 vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 score) were significantly lower as compared to the glycerol group. The results also showed that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (0.13 ± 0.02 vs. 0.2 ± 0.01 µM/mg), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (0.1 ± 0.05 vs. 0.25 ± 0.02 U/mg) and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (1.7-fold), NLRP3 inflammasome (1.4-fold) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 (3-fold) in renal tissue were significantly lower in thalidomide treated group than those in the glycerol group. Thalidomide treatment resulted in lower renal pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (6.7 ± 0.8 vs. 12.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml), interleukin (IL)-1β (3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 5.1 ± 0.3 pg/mg), IL-6 (24.7 ± 2.4 vs. 33 ± 3 pg/mg) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (0.6 ± 0.17 vs. 1.56 ± 0.24 ng/ml) than those in the glycerol treated mice. In addition the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (9.5 ± 1 vs. 12.8 ± 1.1 pg/mg) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (22.8 ± 7.8 vs. 53.3 ± 5.5 pg/mg) were significantly lower in renal tissue of mice treated with thalidomide as compared to the glycerol treated mice. In conclusion these data revealed that thalidomide may be a potential therapeutic approach against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI through inhibition of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Amirshahrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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30
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Zhang FX, Li M, Yuan YLL, Cui SS, Qiu ZC, Li RM. Dissection of the potential pharmacological mechanism of Rhizoma coptidis water extract against inflammation in diabetes mellitus via chemical profiling, network pharmacology and experimental validation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02812j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the therapeutical basis and functional mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still a challenge faced by researchers since the effects of TCM are always achieved by the interactions of multiple components and multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-xiang Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Yu-lin-lan Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Cui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zuo-cheng Qiu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of FormulaPattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui-man Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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