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Yingsunthonwattana W, Sangsuriya P, Supungul P, Tassanakajon A. Litopenaeus vannamei heat shock protein 90 (LvHSP90) interacts with white spot syndrome virus protein, WSSV322, to modulate hemocyte apoptosis during viral infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109695. [PMID: 38871140 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
As cellular chaperones, heat shock protein can facilitate viral infection in different steps of infection process. Previously, we have shown that the suppression of Litopenaeus vannamei (Lv)HSP90 not only results in a decline of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection but also induces apoptosis in shrimp hemocyte cells. However, the mechanism underlying how LvHSP90 involved in WSSV infection remains largely unknown. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that LvHSP90 interacts with the viral protein WSSV322 which function as an anti-apoptosis protein. Recombinant protein (r) LvHSP90 and rWSSV322 inhibited cycloheximide-induced hemocyte cell apoptosis in vitro. Co-silencing of LvHSP90 and WSSV322 in WSSV-infected shrimp led to a decrease in expression level of viral replication marker genes (VP28, ie-1) and WSSV copy number, while caspase 3/7 activity was noticeably induced. The number of apoptotic cells, confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining assay and annexin V/PI staining, was significantly higher in LvHSP90 and WSSV322 co-silenced-shrimp than the control groups. Moreover, the co-silencing of LvHSP90 and WSSV322 triggered apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway, resulting in the upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression (bax) and the downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein expression (bcl, Akt). This process also involved the release of cytochrome c (CytC) from the mitochondria and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These findings suggest that LvHSP90 interacts with WSSV322 to facilitate viral replication by inhibiting host apoptosis during WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warumporn Yingsunthonwattana
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Ng YS, Chen CY, Cheng SW, Tan YK, Lin SS, Senapin S, Sangsuriya P, Wang HC. WSSV early protein WSSV004 enhances viral replication by suppressing LDH activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132482. [PMID: 38763244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is known to upregulate glycolysis to supply biomolecules and energy for the virus's replication. At the viral genome replication stage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a glycolytic enzyme, shows increased activity without any increase in expression. In the present study, yeast 2-hybrid screening was used to identify WSSV proteins that interacted with LvLDH isoform 1 and 2, and these included the WSSV early protein WSSV004. The interaction between WSSV004 and LvLDH1/2 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence showed that WSSV004 co-localized with LvLDH1/2 in the cytoplasm. dsRNA silencing experiments showed that WSSV004 was crucial for WSSV replication. However, although WSSV004 silencing led to the suppression of total LvLDH gene expression during the viral late stage, there was nevertheless a significant increase in LvLDH activity at this time. We also used affinity purification-mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins that interact with WSSV004, and found a total of 108 host proteins and 3 WSSV proteins with which it potentially interacts. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that WSSV004 and its interacting proteins might be responsible for various biological pathways during infection, including vesicular transport machinery and RNA-related functions. Collectively, our study suggests that WSSV004 serves as a multifunctional modulator to facilitate WSSV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Siong Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cong-Yan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kent Tan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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3
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Zhong S, Ye X, Liu H, Ma X, Chen X, Zhao L, Huang G, Huang L, Zhao Y, Qiao Y. MicroRNA sequencing analysis reveals immune responses in hepatopancreas of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus under white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109432. [PMID: 38331056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
White Spot Disease is one of the most harmful diseases of the red tail shrimp, which can cause devastating economic losses due to the highest mortality up to 100% within a few days. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are large class of small noncoding RNAs with the ability to post-transcriptionally repress the translation of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are considered to have a significant role in the innate immune response of crustaceans, particularly in relation to antiviral defense mechanisms. Numerous crustacean miRNAs have been verified to be required in host immune defense against viral infection, however, till present, the miRNAs functions of F. penicillatus defense WSSV infection have not been studied yet. Here in this study, for the first time, miRNAs involved in the F. penicillatus immune defense against WSSV infection were identified using high-throughput sequencing platform. A total of 432 miRNAs were obtained including 402 conserved miRNAs and 30 novel predicted miRNAs. Comparative analysis between the WSSV-challenged group and the control group revealed differential expression of 159 microRNAs in response to WSSV infection. Among these, 48 were up-regulated and 111 were down-regulated. Ten candidate MicroRNAs associated with immune activities were randomly selected for qRT-PCR analysis, which confirming the expression profiling observed in the MicroRNA sequencing data. As a result, most differentially expressed miRNAs were down-regulated lead to increase the expression of various target genes that mediated immune reaction defense WSSV infection, including genes related to signal transduction, Complement and coagulation cascade, Phagocytosis, and Apoptosis. Furthermore, the genes expression of the key members in Toll and Imd signaling pathways and apoptotic signaling were mediated by microRNAs to activate host immune responses including apoptosis against WSSV infection. These results will help to understand molecular defense mechanism against WSSV infection in F. penicillatus and to develop an effective WSSV defensive strategy in shrimp farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - Xiaowu Ye
- Beihai People's Hospital, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Xiaowan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lianghua Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536000, China.
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Chen ZK, Lin S, Wu YX, Zhao ZM, Zhou XM, Sadiq S, Zhang ZD, Guo XJ, Wu P. Hsp90 could promote BmNPV proliferation by interacting with Actin-4 and enhance its expression. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104667. [PMID: 36773793 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a highly infectious pathogen, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) has a high lethality rate in silkworm. Our previous study have confirmed that Hsp90 plays a positive role in BmNPV proliferation and Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA) can decrease the replication of BmNPV in vitro. However, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, first, we found that GA could inhibit the proliferation of BmNPV in a dose-dependent manner and delay the pathogenesis of BmNPV in vivo possibly by altering the transcript level of genes associated with cell apoptosis and immune pathways. Furthermore, by immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified a series of proteins potentially interacting with Hsp90 including two BmNPV encoded proteins. Subsequently, by Co-IP we confirmed the interaction between BmActin-4 and BmHsp90. Knocking down Bmhsp90 by small interfering RNA inhibited the protein expression level of BmActin-4. Over-expression of Bmactin-4 promoted the replication of BmNPV whereas knockdown of Bmactin-4 suppressed BmNPV replication. In addition, decrease of the transcript level of Bmhsp90 in Bmactin-4 knocking down BmN cells was also detected. Taken together, BmHsp90 can interact with BmActin-4 and promote its expression, thereby promoting BmNPV proliferation. Our findings may enrich the molecular mechanism of Hsp90 for promoting virus proliferation and provide new clues to elucidate the interact mechanism between silkworm and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kang Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Su Lin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Samreen Sadiq
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Xi-Jie Guo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China.
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Liu WJ, Chang YS, Tseng KC, Yu MH. Activity of bovine lactoferrin in resistance to white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104651. [PMID: 36736936 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a notorious pathogen that has plagued shrimp farming worldwide for decades. To date, there are no known treatments that are effective against this virus. Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein with many bioactivities, including antiviral properties. In this study, the activities and mechanisms of bovine LF (bLF) against WSSV were analyzed. Our results showed that bLF treatment significantly reduced shrimp mortalities caused by WSSV infection. bLF was found to have the ability to bind to surfaces of both host cells and WSSV virions. These bindings may have been a result of bLF interactions with the host cellular chitin binding protein and F1 ATP synthase β subunit protein and the WSSV structural proteins VP28, VP110, VP150 and VP160B. bLF demonstrated potential for development as an anti-WSSV agent in shrimp culture. Furthermore, these reactionary proteins may play a role in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Shiang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Chun Tseng
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Yu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang YM, Xu WB, Cheng YX, Chen DY, Lin CY, Li BZ, Dong WR, Shu MA. Effects of air exposure stress on crustaceans: Histopathological changes, antioxidant and immunity of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104480. [PMID: 35772591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air exposure stress may result in oxidative damage and ultimately disease or death in crustaceans. Using the Procambarus clarkia, one of the main commercial aquaculture species in China, as a study model, the molecular mechanism including histopathological changes, antioxidant capacity and immunity response under the air exposure stress were firstly evaluated. Results showed that the surfaces of gill were wrinkled while the morphologies of the nuclei and mitochondria in the hepatopancreas were altered after 48 h of air exposure stress, and the damage of mitochondria was more serious after additional bacterial infection. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased at first and then decreased along with increasement of air exposure time. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas was significantly increased under the air exposure stress, while the bacterial infection further aggravated such oxidative damage. The transcriptome analysis exhibited that the stress- and immunity-related genes in hepatopancreas altered when response to the air exposure stress. This study could help uncover the mechanisms of aerial exposure stress responses in Procambarus clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Da-Yong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen-Yang Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bang-Ze Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Ren Dong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Miao-An Shu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang X, Guo M, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Transcriptomic analysis and discovery of genes involving in enhanced immune protection of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) in response to the re-infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:128-140. [PMID: 35523358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, invertebrates were thought to lack immune memory owing to a lack of acquired immune-related factors such as immunoglobulin. Nonetheless, with the in-depth consideration of invertebrate immune priming, scholars have gradually realized that the immune defenses of invertebrates are more complex than previously imagined. In the current investigation, the survival rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus re-infected Haliotis discus hannai (VV group) was significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05), indicating that an enhanced immune response may commence after first exposure to the same strain of V. parahaemolyticus. The transcriptome profiles of hemocytes obtained 102,052 unigenes, and 27,449 of them were annotated successfully. Venn diagram analysis showed that 2832 DEGs commonly responded to the first and second immune responses. 1734 "immune response genes" and 1460 "potential immune-enhancing genes" were also identified. A comparison of both "immune response genes" and "potential immune-enhancing genes" revealed 1019 immune-enhancing regulatory genes and 281 essential immune-enhancing genes. According to the KEGG enrichment analysis results of ERGs and EEGs, classical immune-related signaling pathways, such as NF-kappa B signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TLR signaling pathway were significantly enriched, indicating that they were all involved in the response to V. parahaemolyticus re-infection and were likely dominant in the immune enhancement process of H. discus hannai hemocytes. The intermolecular interactions generated by Cytoscape after re-infection of V. parahaemolyticus appear more intuitively to demonstrate that hemocytes regulation was not an independent process, but rather an intricate regulatory network. H. discus hannai demonstrated enhanced immunological activity after re-infection with V. parahaemolyticus, showing immune memory in hemocytes. The current study's findings have broadened the study of immune enhancement in invertebrates and laid the framework for future research into the molecular mechanism of immune enhancement in abalones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mingxing Guo
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Huang YH, Kumar R, Liu CH, Lin SS, Wang HC. A novel C-type lectin LvCTL 4.2 has antibacterial activity but facilitates WSSV infection in shrimp (L. vannamei). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104239. [PMID: 34425174 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycan-binding protein C-type lectin (CTL), one of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), binds to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens and elicits antimicrobial responses in shrimp innate immunity. The objective was to identify and characterize a novel C-type lectin LvCTL 4.2 in Litopenaeus vannamei. The LvCTL 4.2 protein consisted of a signal peptide at the N terminal and a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) with a mutated mannose-binding (Glu-Pro-Ala; EPA) motif at the C terminal, and thereby has a putative secreted mannose-binding C-type lectin architecture. LvCTL 4.2 was highly expressed in nervous tissue and stomach. Infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) induced expression of LvCTL 4.2 in shrimp stomach at 12 h post infection. Conversely, there was no obvious upregulation in expression of LvCTL 4.2 in stomach or hepatopancreas of shrimp with AHPND (acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease). Pathogen binding assays confirmed recombinant LvCTL 4.2 protein (rLvCTL 4.2) had significant binding ability with the WSSV virion, Gram-negative, and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, rLvCTL 4.2 had strong growth inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Silencing LvCTL 4.2 suppressed WSSV replication, whereas pretreatment of WSSV with rLvCTL 4.2 facilitated viral replication in vivo. In conclusion, LvCTL 4.2 acted as a PRR that inhibited AHPND-causing bacteria, but facilitated WSSV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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Kausar S, Abbas MN, Cui H. A review on the DNA methyltransferase family of insects: Aspect and prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:289-302. [PMID: 34237376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The DNA methyltransferase family contains a conserved set of DNA-modifying enzymatic proteins. They are responsible for epigenetic gene modulation, such as transcriptional silencing, transcription activation, and post-transcriptional modulation. Recent research has revealed that the canonical DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) biological roles go beyond their traditional functions of establishing and maintaining DNA methylation patterns. Although a complete DNA methylation toolkit is absent in most insect orders, recent evidence indicates the de novo DNA methylation and maintenance function remain conserved. Studies using various molecular approaches provided evidence that DNMTs are multi-functional proteins. However, still in-depth studies on their biological role lack due to the least studied area in insects. Here, we review the DNA methylation toolkit of insects, focusing on recent research on various insect orders, which exhibit DNA methylation at different levels, and for which DNMTs functional studies have become available in recent years. We survey research on the potential roles of DNMTs in the regulation of gene transcription in insect species. DNMTs participate in different physiological processes by interacting with other epigenetic factors. Future studies on insect's DNMTs will benefit to understand developmental processes, responses to various stimuli, and adaptability of insects to different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang Z, Fan L, Wang J, Zhou J, Ye Q, Zhang L, Xu G, Zou J. Impacts of microplastics on three different juvenile shrimps: Investigating the organism response distinction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110466. [PMID: 33189744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microplastics (MPs) on aquaculture animals have raised increasing concern, but studies on MPs contamination in cultured shrimp are still limited. Therefore, the responses of three widely farmed shrimp species to MPs, including Penaeus monodon (P. monodon), Marsupenaeus japonicas (M. japonicus) and Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei), were investigated in this study. The results showed that the mortality of P. monodon, M. japonicus and L. vannamei were 47%, 53% and 20% respectively after 48 h of 300 mg/L MPs exposure. After 48 h of 100 mg/L MPs exposure, for P. monodon, the MPs content in water and excreta were significantly different from that in M. japonicus and L. vannamei. For genes expressions, the expression of catalase (Cat) was significantly increased and the expression of apoptosis protein (IAP) was inhibited in these three shrimps, but only the expression of Lysozyme (Lys) was increased in L. vannamei after MPs exposure. After 48 h of depuration, the Cat and IAP expression of P. monodon and M. japonicus was significant decreased while the IAP and Lys expression of L. vannamei still maintained at a high level. The results suggested that the metabolic rate of MPs in P. monodon was significantly higher than that in M. japonicus and L. vannamei. The tolerance of L. vannamei to MPs was higher than that of P. monodon and M. japonicas and their different responses in anti-microbial gene might be one of the reasons for the difference of their mortality. This study provides the first report comparing the organism response distinction in cultured shrimp and enriching to the understanding of the impact of MPs on ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Guohuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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11
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Swathi A, Shekhar MS, Katneni VK, Vijayan KK. Flow cytometry analysis of apoptotic progression and expression analysis of four apoptosis-related genes in Penaeus vannamei in response to white spot syndrome virus infection. Virusdisease 2021; 32:244-250. [PMID: 34350314 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to detect the progression of apoptosis in haemocytes of WSSV infected Penaeus vannamei at different time-points (1.5 hpi, 18 hpi and 56 hpi). Apoptosis in haemocytes was found to increase with time of infectivity from 5.06 to 69.63%. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used for the expression analysis of four apoptosis-related genes such as Death-associated protein 1, caspase-5, translationally controlled tumor protein, and cathepsin D. The evidence of apoptosis in haemocytes of P. vannamei was established as shown by significant increase in the percentage of late apoptotic cells due to WSSV infection in shrimp. The present study gives an insight to the apoptosis rate in a WSSV infected shrimp during the course of infection and the role of apoptosis related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Swathi
- Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R.A.Puram, Chennai, 600028 India
| | - M S Shekhar
- Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R.A.Puram, Chennai, 600028 India
| | - Vinaya Kumar Katneni
- Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R.A.Puram, Chennai, 600028 India
| | - K K Vijayan
- Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R.A.Puram, Chennai, 600028 India
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12
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Liu WJ, Chang YS, Chen PY, Wu SP. F1 ATP synthase β subunit is a putative receptor involved in white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp by binding with viral envelope proteins VP51B and VP150. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103810. [PMID: 32750398 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is highly virulent toward shrimp, and F1 ATP synthase β subunit (ATPsyn-β) has been suggested to be involved in WSSV infection. Therefore, in this study, interactions between Penaeus monodon ATPsyn-β (PmATPsyn-β) and WSSV structural proteins were characterized. Based on the results of yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, and protein pull-down assays, WSSV VP51B and VP150 were identified as being able to interact with PmATPsyn-β. Membrane topology assay results indicated that VP51B and VP150 are envelope proteins with large portions exposed outside the WSSV virion. Cellular localization assay results demonstrated that VP51B and VP150 co-localize with PmATPsyn-β on the membranes of transfected cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and competitive ELISA results demonstrated that VP51B and VP150 bound to PmATPsyn-β in a dose-dependent manner, which could be competitively inhibited by the addition of WSSV virions. In vivo neutralization assay results further showed that both recombinant VP51B and VP150 could delay mortality in shrimp challenged with WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Shiang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Chen
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Wu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Kao ZN, Liu CH, Liu WJ, Kumar R, Leu JH, Wang HC. Shrimp SIRT1 activates of the WSSV IE1 promoter independently of the NF-κB binding site. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:910-919. [PMID: 32841684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the mechanisms by which cellular factors modulate replication of the shrimp viral pathogen white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are still largely unknown, here we consider the sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that are known to function as regulatory factors that activate or suppress viral transcription and replication in mammals. In particular, we focus on SIRT1 by isolating and characterizing LvSIRT1 from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and investigating its involvement in WSSV infection. DsRNA-mediated gene silencing led to the expression of WSSV genes and the replication of genomic DNAs being significantly decreased in LvSIRT1-silenced shrimp. The deacetylase activity of LvSIRT1 was significantly induced at the early stage (2 hpi) and the genome replication stage (12 hpi) of WSSV replication, but decreased at the late stage of WSSV replication (24 hpi). Treatment with the SIRT1 activator resveratrol further suggested that LvSIRT1 activation increased the expression of several WSSV genes (IE1, VP28 and ICP11). Lastly, we used transfection and dual luciferase assays in Sf9 insect cells to show that while the overexpression of LvSIRT1 facilitates the promoter activity of WSSV IE1, this enhancement of WSSV IE1 expression is achieved by a transactivation pathway that is NF-κB-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Kao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Horng Leu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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14
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Huang JY, Wang HC, Chen YC, Wang PS, Lin SJ, Chang YS, Liu KF, Lo CF. A shrimp glycosylase protein, PmENGase, interacts with WSSV envelope protein VP41B and is involved in WSSV pathogenesis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103667. [PMID: 32147468 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral glycoproteins are expressed by many viruses, and during infection they usually play very important roles, such as receptor attachment or membrane fusion. The mature virion of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is unusual in that it contains no glycosylated proteins, and there are currently no reports of any glycosylation mechanisms in the pathogenesis of this virus. In this study, we cloned a glycosylase, mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase, EC 3.2.1.96), from Penaeus monodon and found that it was significantly up-regulated in WSSV-infected shrimp. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that PmENGase interacted with both structural and non-structural proteins, and GST-pull down and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays confirmed its interaction with the envelope protein VP41B. In the WSSV challenge tests, the cumulative mortality and viral copy number were significantly decreased in the PmEngase-silenced shrimp, from which we conclude that shrimp glycosylase interacts with WSSV in a way that benefits the virus. Lastly, we speculate that the deglycosylation activity of PmENGase might account for the absence of glycosylated proteins in the WSSV virion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yan Huang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ching Wang
- Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sue Wang
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jen Lin
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shiang Chang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Liu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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15
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Shang Q, Wu P, Huang HL, Zhang SL, Tang XD, Guo XJ. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in B. mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:205-213. [PMID: 31621968 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a very important role in facilitating the replication of many viruses. Until now, little has been known about the role of Hsp90 in Bombyx mori virus infection. In this study, we explored the role of BmHsp90 in B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) replication. We found that BmHsp90 inhibition by geldanamycin (GA) significantly reduced the BmNPV titre, the protein expression level of BmNPV nucleocapsid protein 39 (VP39) and the transcript level of BmNPV genes. Silencing the hsp90 gene in BmN cells by small interfering RNA suppressed BmNPV replication whereas overexpression of hsp90 promoted the replication of BmNPV. After inhibition of Hsp90, the expression of three key genes [signal transducing activator of transcription (stat), suppressor of cytokine signalling protein 2 (socs2), socs6] involved in the Janus kinase/STAT pathway significantly changed, with up-regulation of stat and down-regulation of socs2 and socs6. In addition, the expression of two antiapoptosis genes, BmNPV inhibitor of apoptosis protein1 (BmNPV-iap1) and Bmiap2, was greatly decreased in GA-treated cells, whereas their expression was significantly increased in hsp90-overexpressed silkworm larvae. Our results indicated that inhibition of Hsp90 can suppress BmNPV proliferation in B. mori. Our findings may provide new clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of silkworm-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - P Wu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
- Quality inspection center for sericultural products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhenjiang, China
| | - H L Huang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - S L Zhang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - X D Tang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - X J Guo
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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16
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Wu D, Wang C, Zhang W, Peng K, Sheng J, Wang J, Jain A, Hong Y. Molecular characterization of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( IAPs) in freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis schlegelii. Bioengineered 2020; 10:365-373. [PMID: 31446833 PMCID: PMC6738449 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1653738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) played important roles in inhibiting the apoptosis of tumor cells by regulating caspase activity in mammals. In this study, we first cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of IAPs gene (designated as Hs-IAPs) in Hyriopsis schlegelii. The Hs-IAPs gene contained an open reading frame of 1719 nucleotides, encoding a predicted protein of 572 amino acids. qRT-PCR assay indicated that the Hs-IAPs gene was ubiquitously expressed in different tissues, and the highest expression level was in gills. Furthermore, we purified and obtained the recombinant protein of Hs-IAPs which showed a molecular weight of 82.5 kDa. We used H2O2 stimulation experiment to explore the possible function of Hs-IAPs. The results showed that the percentage of viable cells significantly increased following the Hs-IAPs concentration. These indicated that the Hs-IAPs may play a role in anti-oxidation causing by H2O2, and its anti-oxidative may be crucial in the process of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,Jiangzhong dietary therapy technology Co. LTD , Jiangxi , China
| | - Wanchang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Kou Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Junqing Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Junhua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Archana Jain
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Guizhou , China
| | - Yijiang Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University , Nanchang , China.,Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi , Nanchang , China
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17
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Chen X, Tan A, Palli SR. Identification and functional analysis of promoters of heat-shock genes from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2363. [PMID: 32047182 PMCID: PMC7012861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional information on heat-shock proteins (Hsp) and heat-shock promoters from an important agricultural insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, is still lacking. We conducted a genome-wide identification of Hsp genes and identified a total of 21 genes belonging to four major insect Hsp families (small heat-shock proteins, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90) in S. frugiperda. Expression of most of S. frugiperda (SfHsp) genes could be detected in Sf9 cells, embryos and larval tissues of S. frugiperda. The heat-inducible activity of heat-shock promoters from several SfHsp genes was tested in Sf9 cells and embryos. The promoter of SfHsp70D showed the high constitutive activity in cell line and embryos, while the activity of SfHsp20.15 and SfHsp20.71 promoters was most dramatically induced in Sf9 cells and embryos. In embryos, the heat-induced activity of SfHsp20.71 and SfHsp70D promoters outperformed commercially used ie1 and ie2 promoters. The heat-induced activity of SfHsp70D and SfHsp19.07 promoters were more robust than ie2 promoter in Sf9 cells. These SfHsp promoters with high basal activity or with heat-induced activity from low basal activity, could be used in S. frugiperda or other lepidopteran insects for many applications including transgenesis and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xien Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, United States of America
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, United States of America.
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18
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Qu C, Sun J, Xu Q, Lv X, Yang W, Wang F, Wang Y, Yi Q, Jia Z, Wang L, Song L. An inhibitor of apoptosis protein (EsIAP1) from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis regulates apoptosis through inhibiting the activity of EsCaspase-3/7-1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20421. [PMID: 31892728 PMCID: PMC6938513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) maintain the balance between cell proliferation and cell death by inhibiting caspase activities and mediating immune responses. In the present study, a homolog of IAP (designated as EsIAP1) was identified from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. EsIAP1 consisted of 451 amino acids containing two baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains with the conserved Cx2 Cx6 Wx3 Dx5 Hx6 C motifs. EsIAP1 mRNA was expressed in various tissues and its expression level in hemocytes increased significantly (p < 0.01) at 12–48 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In the hemocytes, EsIAP1 protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. The hydrolytic activity of recombinant EsCaspase-3/7-1 against the substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA decreased after incubation with rEsIAP1. Moreover, rEsIAP1 could directly combine with rEsCaspase-3/7-1 in vitro. After EsIAP1 was interfered by dsRNA, the mRNA expression and the hydrolytic activity of EsCaspase-3/7-1 increased significantly, which was 2.26-fold (p < 0.05) and 1.71-fold (p < 0.05) compared to that in the dsGFP group, respectively. These results collectively demonstrated that EsIAP1 might play an important role in apoptosis pathway by regulating the activity of EsCaspase-3/7-1 in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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19
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Huang H, Wu P, Zhang S, Shang Q, Yin H, Hou Q, Zhong J, Guo X. DNA methylomes and transcriptomes analysis reveal implication of host DNA methylation machinery in BmNPV proliferation in Bombyx mori. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:736. [PMID: 31615392 PMCID: PMC6792228 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is a major pathogen that threatens the sustainability of the sericultural industry. DNA methylation is a widespread gene regulation mode in epigenetics, which plays an important role in host immune response. Until now, little has been known about epigenetic regulation on virus diseases in insects. This study aims to explore the role of DNA methylation in BmNPV proliferation. RESULTS Inhibiting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity of silkworm can suppress BmNPV replication. The integrated analysis of transcriptomes and DNA methylomes in silkworm midguts infected with or without BmNPV showed that both the expression pattern of transcriptome and DNA methylation pattern are changed significantly upon BmNPV infection. A total of 241 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were observed in BmNPV infected midguts, among which, 126 DMRs were hyper-methylated and 115 DMRs were hypo-methylated. Significant differences in both mRNA transcript level and DNA methylated levels were found in 26 genes. BS-PCR validated the hypermethylation of BGIBMGA014008, a structural maintenance of chromosomes protein gene in the BmNPV-infected midgut. In addition, DNMT inhibition reduced the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis family genes, iap1 from BmNPV, Bmiap2, BmSurvivin1 and BmSurvivin2. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that DNA methylation plays positive roles in BmNPV proliferation and loss of DNMT activity could induce the apoptosis of infected cells to suppress BmNPV proliferation. Our results may provide a new idea and research direction for the molecular mechanism on insect-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Huang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, China. .,Quality inspection center for sericultural products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhenjiang, 212018, China.
| | - Shaolun Zhang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Haotong Yin
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Qirui Hou
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China.,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, China.,Quality inspection center for sericultural products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Jinbo Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, China.
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20
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Xu YR, Yang WX. Roles of three Es-Caspases during spermatogenesis and Cadmium-induced apoptosis in Eriocheir sinensis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1146-1165. [PMID: 29851651 PMCID: PMC5990378 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Functions of Caspases remain obscure in Crustacea. We studied the existence and participations of apoptosis-related factors in Eriocheir sinensis testis. Three Es-Caspases (Es-Caspase 3/ 7/ 8) in E. sinensis were cloned and characterized. We observed that three es-caspases mRNA had specific expression patterns during spermiogenesis, with weak signal around the nucleus and invaginated acrosomal vesicle in early-stage spermatids, became stronger in middle-stage, finally focused on the acrosomal tube and nucleus in mature sperm. We then investigated the immunostaining intensity and positional alterations of Es-Caspase 3, Es-Caspase 8 and p53 during spermatogenesis, which were correlated with the differential tendencies of cells to undergo apoptosis and specific organelles shaping processes. After apoptotic induction by Cadmium, Es-Caspase 8 increased gradually, while Es-Caspase 3 increased firstly and then decreased, Es-p53 initially decreased and then increased. These results implies that Es-Caspase 3/ Es-Caspase 8/ p53 may play roles in Cadmium-induced apoptosis during spermatogenesis, and Caspase 8-Caspase 3-p53 pathway may interact with extrinsic or intrinsic pathways to regulate the destiny of sperm cells. Our study revealed the indispensable roles of Caspases during spermatogenesis and the possible molecular interactions in response to the Cadmium-induced apoptosis in E. sinensis, which filled the gap of apoptotic mechanisms of crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Xu
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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21
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Havanapan PO, Mangkalanan S, Phungthanom N, Krittanai C. Proteomic analysis and white spot syndrome virus interaction of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) revealed responsive roles of the hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:458-467. [PMID: 30954523 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White spot disease (WSD) is a highly virulent viral disease in shrimps. Clinical signs and high mortality of WSD is generally observed after a few days of infection by White Spot Syndrome virus (WSSV). Mud crabs are the major carrier and persistent host for the WSSV. However, an elucidation of viral interaction and persistent mode of WSSV infection in mud crab is still limited. We investigated the defensive role of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) hemocytes against WSSV infection by using comparative proteomic analysis coupled with electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-LC/MS/MS). The proteomic maps of expressed proteins obtained from WSSV infected hemocytes revealed differential proteins related to various biological functions, including immune response, anti-apoptosis, endocytosis, phosphorylation signaling, stress response, oxygen transport, molting, metabolism, and biosynthesis. Four distinctive cell types of crab hemocytes: hyaline cells (HC), small granular cells (SGC), large granular cells (LGC) and mixed granular cells (MGC) were found susceptible to WSSV. However, immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated a complete replication of WSSV only in SGC and LGC. WSSV induced apoptosis was also observed in HC, SGC and MGC except for LGC. These results suggested that HC and MGC may undergo apoptosis prior to a complete assembly of virion, while SGC is more susceptible showing higher amplification and releasing of virion. In contrast, WSSV may inhibit apoptosis in infected LGC to stay in latency. This present finding provides an insight for the responsive roles of crustacean hemocyte cells involved in molecular interaction and defense mechanism against WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattara-Orn Havanapan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Seksan Mangkalanan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nuanwan Phungthanom
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chartchai Krittanai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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22
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Chang YS, Chen JN, Chang KH, Chang YM, Lai YJ, Liu WJ. Cloning and expression of the lectin gene from the mushroom Agrocybe aegerita and the activities of recombinant lectin in the resistance of shrimp white spot syndrome virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:1-9. [PMID: 30031870 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lectin is a protein with multiple functions. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the Agrocybe aegerita lectin (AAL) gene was cloned, recombinant AAL (AAL-His) was expressed, and the activities of AAL-His were analyzed. Northern blot analysis showed that the major AAL transcript is approximately 900 bp. Sequence analysis showed that the coding region of AAL is 489 bp with a transcription start site located 39 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. In an agglutination test, AAL-His agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes at 12.5 μg/ml. AAL-His also showed antiviral activity in protecting shrimp from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. This anti-WSSV effect might be due to the binding of AAL-His on WSSV virions via the direct interactions with four WSSV structural proteins, VP39B, VP41B, VP53A and VP216. AAL demonstrates the potential for development as an anti-WSSV agent for shrimp culture. It also implies that these four AAL interaction WSSV proteins may play important roles in virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shiang Chang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Nan Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hung Chang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chang
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jang Lai
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Matjank W, Ponprateep S, Rimphanitchayakit V, Tassanakajon A, Somboonwiwat K, Vatanavicharn T. Plasmolipin, PmPLP1, from Penaeus monodon is a potential receptor for yellow head virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 88:137-143. [PMID: 30031867 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmolipin has been characterized as a cell entry receptor for mouse endogenous retrovirus. In black tiger shrimp, two isoforms of plasmolipin genes, PmPLP1 and PmPLP2, have been identified from the Penaeus monodon EST database. The PmPLP1 is highly up-regulated in yellow head virus (YHV)-infected shrimp. Herein, the function of PmPLP1 is shown to be involved in YHV infection. The immunoblotting and immunolocalization showed that the PmPLP1 protein was highly expressed and located at the plasma membrane of gills from YHV-infected shrimp. Moreover, the PmPLP1 expressed in the Sf9 insect cells resided at the cell membrane rendering the cells more susceptible to YHV infection. Using the ELISA binding and mortality assays, the synthetic external loop of PmPLP1 was shown to bind the purified YHV and neutralize the virus resulting in the decrease in YHV infection. Our results suggested that the PmPLP1 was likely a receptor of YHV in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watchalaya Matjank
- Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Sirikwan Ponprateep
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Vichien Rimphanitchayakit
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tipachai Vatanavicharn
- Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
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24
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Sangsuriya P, Charoensapsri W, Sutthangkul J, Senapin S, Hirono I, Tassanakajon A, Amparyup P. A novel white spot syndrome virus protein WSSV164 controls prophenoloxidases, PmproPOs in shrimp melanization cascade. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 86:109-117. [PMID: 29753984 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanization, mediated by the prophenoloxidase (proPO)-activating system, is an important innate immune response in invertebrates. The implication of the proPO system in antiviral response and the suppression of host proPO activation by the viral protein have previously been demonstrated in shrimp. However, the molecular mechanism of viral-host interactions in the proPO cascade remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the viral protein, namely, WSSV164, which was initially identified from the forward suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library of the PmproPO1/2 co-silenced black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon that was challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Using the yeast two-hybrid system, WSSV164 was found to interact with the PmproPO2 protein. The subsequent validation assay by co-immunoprecipitation revealed that WSSV164 directly bound to both PmproPO1 and PmproPO2. The gene silencing experiment was carried out to explore the role of WSSV164 in the control of the proPO pathway in shrimp, and the results showed that suppression of WSSV164 can restore PO activity in WSSV-infected shrimp hemolymph. The recombinant proteins of PmproPO1 and PmproPO2 were produced in Sf-9 cells and were shown to be successfully activated by exogenous trypsin and endogenous serine proteinases from shrimp hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS), yielding PO activity in vitro. Moreover, the activated PO activity in shrimp HLS was dose-dependently reduced by the recombinant WSSV164 protein, suggesting that WSSV164 may interfere with the activation of the proPO system in shrimp. Taken together, these results suggest an alternative infection route of WSSV through the encoded viral protein WSSV164 that binds to the PmproPO1 and PmproPO2 proteins, interfering with the activation of the melanization cascade in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Charoensapsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jantiwan Sutthangkul
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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25
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Chang JC, Chang ZT, Huang YF, Lee SJ, Kim JS, Nai YS. Characterization and functional assay of apsup (Lyxy105) from Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LyxyMNPV). Virus Genes 2018; 54:578-586. [PMID: 29876768 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The baculoviral anti-apoptotic genes, p35 and iap (inhibitor of apoptosis), play important roles in the initiation of viral infection. Recently, a new anti-apoptotic gene (apoptosis suppressor, apsup) was identified in Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). An apsup homolog gene, Lyxy105 (ly-apsup), was also predicted in the Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LyxyMNPV) genome. In this study, we attempt to perform a gene expression analysis and a functional assay of ly-apsup to demonstrate its anti-apoptotic activity and identify the functional domain of this protein. The transcription of the ly-apsup gene region was detected from 12 h post-infection (hpi) and increased significantly after 24-72 hpi. Comparison of the putative amino acid sequences to those of 18 baculoviral homolog proteins showed high amino acid identity to the LdMNPV sequences. Moreover, five conserved protein domains (named as domains I-V) were found. Therefore, protein functional assays were conducted on full-length proteins and different truncation clones. The overexpression of each clone was confirmed by western blot analysis, and the data revealed that a cleavage of ~ 5 kDa at the N-terminal region of the full-length, domains I-IV (1-241) and I-III (1-178), proteins occurred. The results of the functional analysis showed that full-length Ly-apsup and Ly-apsup with domain I (1-70) could inhibit Drosophila-RPR protein (D-RPR)-induced and actinomycin D (ActD)-induced apoptoses. In addition, the domains I and I-II (1-126) regions showed higher anti-apoptotic activity than the other domains in both D-RPR-induced and ActD-induced cell apoptoses. In conclusion, domain I of Ly-apsup may play an important role in the anti-apoptotic activity of this protein; cleavage of the Ly-apsup N-terminus may lead to decreased anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chun Chang
- Depatment of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zih-Ting Chang
- Depatment of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea.,Plant Medical Research Center, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jenoju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Yu-Shin Nai
- Depatment of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan, ROC.
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26
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Chang JC, Lee SJ, Kim JS, Wang CH, Nai YS. Transient Expression of Foreign Genes in Insect Cells (sf9) for Protein Functional Assay. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553499 DOI: 10.3791/56693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient gene expression system is one of the most important technologies for performing protein functional analysis in the baculovirus in vitro cell culture system. This system was developed to express foreign genes under the control of the baculoviral promoter in transient expression plasmids. Furthermore, this system can be applied to a functional assay of either the baculovirus itself or foreign proteins. The most widely and commercially available transient gene expression system is developed based on the immediate-early gene (IE) promoter of Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). However, a low expression level of foreign genes in insect cells was observed. Therefore, a transient gene expression system was constructed for improving protein expression. In this system, recombinant plasmids were constructed to contain the target sequence under the control of the Drosophila heat shock 70 (Dhsp70) promoter. This protocol presents the application of this heat shock-based pDHsp/V5-His (V5 epitope with 6 histidine)/Spodoptera frugiperda cell (sf9 cell) system; this system is available not only for gene expression but also for evaluating the anti-apoptotic activity of candidate proteins in insect cells. Furthermore, this system can be either transfected with one recombinant plasmid or co-transfected two potentially functionally antagonistic recombinant plasmids in insect cells. The protocol demonstrates the efficiency of this system and provides a practical case of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chun Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University
| | | | - Yu-Shin Nai
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University;
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27
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Guo H, Li K, Wang W, Wang C, Shen Y. Effects of Copper on Hemocyte Apoptosis, ROS Production, and Gene Expression in White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:318-326. [PMID: 28238057 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper, a common chemical contaminant in aquatic environment, is known to be toxic to aquatic life at high concentrations. In the present study, we evaluated the apoptotic cell ratio and ROS production in hemocytes of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exposed to 1 or 5 mg L-1 Cu for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The expression changes of antioxidant biomarker genes, i.e., copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) and catalase (CAT), apoptosis-related genes, i.e., caspase-3 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), and a specific biomarker gene of heavy metal pollution, i.e., metallothionein (MT), were also determined in hemocytes. Significant increases in ROS production were observed in both treatment groups at each time points. The apoptotic cell ratios were significantly increased at 6-48 h among shrimp exposed to 1 mg L-1 Cu and at each time points in 5 mg L-1 Cu group. These results indicated that Cu would induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hemocyte of L. vannamei. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the relative expression levels of Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, caspase-3, IAP, and MT were upregulated in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, suggesting the involvement of these genes in stress response against Cu exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Leelatanawit R, Uawisetwathana U, Klanchui A, Khudet J, Phomklad S, Wongtriphop S, Jiravanichpaisal P, Karoonuthaisiri N. Transcriptomic Analysis of Male Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) After Polychaete Feeding to Enhance Testicular Maturation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 19:125-135. [PMID: 28246982 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To reveal molecular mechanism of how polychaetes enhanced reproductive maturation in the male black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), transcriptomic profiles of male reproductive organs (testes and vas deferens) between polychaete-fed and commercial pellet-fed male brooders were compared using cDNA microarray. The overall profiles were distinguishingly different between the two feed groups as well as between testes and vas deferens. Additionally, six of 11 differentially expressed gene identified by the microarray (HNRPUL1 and GCP4 in testes, MAT2B, CDC16, and CSN5 in vas deferens, and SLD5 in both organs) were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and found to exhibit significantly higher expression levels in polychaete-fed shrimp than those in commercial pellet-fed shrimp. From microarray and qPCR results, the differentially expressed transcripts in both testes and vas deferens between different feeds belonged to DNA replication and microtubule nucleation pathways. Interestingly, while the transcripts involved in nutrient uptake and nucleotide biosynthesis were increased only in testes, those involved in protein refolding and apoptosis were increased only in vas deferens. These findings suggest that polychaetes may enhance spermatogenesis by increasing spermatogonia proliferation in testes and by regulating mature spermatozoa in vas deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Leelatanawit
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Amornpan Klanchui
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jutatip Khudet
- Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Suwanchai Phomklad
- Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Somjai Wongtriphop
- Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Pikul Jiravanichpaisal
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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29
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Thansa K, Yocawibun P, Suksodsai H. The cellular death pattern of primary haemocytes isolated from the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:243-251. [PMID: 27561625 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A key to successfully generate the penaeid shrimp cell line is to find out how primary cells died. The most suitable period to culture Penaeus monodon haemocytes was in the first 48 h of culture because cells had normal morphology, high percent of viable cells (65.29 ± 5.43%), low percent of early (11.75 ± 1.30%) and late apoptotic cells (15.47 ± 11.71%) determined by Annexin V and TUNEL including constant IAP (0.06 ± 0.01-0.07 ± 0.01) and caspase-3 expression (0.30 ± 0.06-0.39 ± 0.10) by real-time PCR throughout the experiment. Moreover, adding 50 and 250 μM of the cell permeable pan caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK produced some melanised cells since the 48(th) hour, while percent of viable cells was decreased since the 24(th) hour with no difference in percent of early and late apoptotic cells compared to control at each time point. No difference of IAP and caspase-3 expression level in both Z-VAD-FMK groups was found compared to control and vehicle groups at each time point, excluding caspase-3 in 250 μM Z-VAD-FMK at the 24(th) hour was higher than control and vehicle. Supplementing sodium fluoride (NaF) induced cell membrane damage and cellular shrinkage of primary haemocytes within 2 h. Even percent of viable cells was reduced down to zero and percent of late apoptotic cells was increased by 2 h of incubation in 25 and 50 mM NaF, IAP and caspase-3 in all NaF groups was not different from control. These results indicate that a number of primary haemocytes derived in this study die through the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanta Thansa
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Patchari Yocawibun
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Hathaitip Suksodsai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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30
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Saleeart A, Mongkorntanyatip K, Sangsuriya P, Senapin S, Rattanarojpong T, Khunrae P. The interaction between PmHtrA2 and PmIAP and its effect on the activity of Pm caspase. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:393-400. [PMID: 27328308 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential mechanism in multicellular organisms which results in the induction of cell death. Important apoptotic proteins, including high temperature requirement A2 (PmHtrA2; also known as serine protease), inhibitor of apoptosis protein (PmIAP) and Pm caspase, have been previously identified in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. However, the relevance among these proteins in apoptosis regulation has not been established yet in shrimp. Here, we showed that PmHtrA2 was able to interact with PmIAP and the binding of the two proteins was mediated by the BIR2 domain of PmIAP. In addition, the BIR2 of PmIAP was shown to be able to inhibit Pm caspase activity. The inhibitory effect of the BIR2 domain on Pm caspase was impaired under the presence of the IBM peptide of PmHtrA2, implying a role for PmHtrA2 in apoptosis activation. Our combined results suggested that P. monodon possesses a conserved mechanism by which the caspase-3 activity is modulated by HtrA2 and IAP, as previously seen in insects and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchulee Saleeart
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Karntichar Mongkorntanyatip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechonology, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
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Laminin Receptor in Shrimp Is a Cellular Attachment Receptor for White Spot Syndrome Virus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156375. [PMID: 27257954 PMCID: PMC4892510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV, genus Whispovirus, family Nimaviridae) is causing huge economic losses in global shrimp farming, but there is no effective control. Shrimp cell laminin receptor (Lamr) may have a role in WSSV infection. The objective was to characterize interactions between Penaeus monodon Lamr (PmLamr) and WSSV structural proteins. In this study, PmLamr interacted with nine WSSV structural proteins (based on yeast two-hybrid screening), of which one (VP31) was characterized. Protein pull-down assay confirmed the interaction between PmLamr and VP31; the latter was an envelope protein exposed outside the WSSV virion (based on membrane topology assays). Furthermore, similar to mammalian Lamr, there were two major protein bands in shrimp cells. Cellular localization assay demonstrated VP31 co-localized with PmLamr on transfected cells. Enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and competitive ELISA demonstrated binding of VP31 on PmLamr was dose-dependent; however, addition of WSSV virion competed for binding affinity. Furthermore, based on an in vivo neutralization assay, both VP31 and PmLamr delayed mortality in shrimp challenged with WSSV. We concluded Lamr was an important receptor for WSSV infection and the viral envelope protein VP31 may have a role in host cell recognition and binding. These data contributed to elucidating pathogenesis of WSSV infection and may help in controlling this disease.
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Apitanyasai K, Amparyup P, Charoensapsri W, Senapin S, Tassanakajon A. Role of Penaeus monodon hemocyte homeostasis associated protein (PmHHAP) in regulation of caspase-mediated apoptosis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 53:234-243. [PMID: 26111999 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The viral responsive protein, PmHHAP, plays an important role in the control of hemocyte homeostasis in shrimps during viral infection. In this study, we further investigate the role of PmHHAP in the regulation of hemocyte apoptosis. RNA interference (RNAi) mediated gene silencing was used to suppress the PmHHAP expression and the change in hemocyte apoptosis was determined in the knockdown shrimp. Within circulating hemocytes, PmHHAP knockdown increased the number of annexin V-positive apoptotic cells and the combined caspase-3/-7 activity and induced the characteristic apoptotic DNA ladder. Furthermore, PmHHAP down-regulation was accompanied by significantly altered expression of apoptosis-related proteins including the effector caspases, PmCaspase and PmCasp. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that PmHHAP binds to the p20 domain of PmCasp. Moreover, the recombinant PmHHAP protein was able to reduce the caspase activity in the actinomycin D-treated hemocyte cells and rPmCasp-treated hemocyte cells. Taken together, our data indicate that PmHHAP regulates hemocyte homeostasis by inhibits apoptotic cell death through caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantamas Apitanyasai
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Charoensapsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Huang HT, Chan HL, Shih TY, Chen LL. A study of the role of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:305-314. [PMID: 26142142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large enveloped DNA virus, and it causes a serious disease that has led to severe mortalities of cultured shrimps in many countries. To determine the mechanism of virus entry into the cell and to establish an antiviral strategy, the cell receptor for virus entry and receptor binding protein should be identified. A shrimp cell surface protein, glucose transporter1 (Glut1), was found to interact with WSSV in previous study. In this study, this Glut1 was confirmed to have the ability of transporting glucose, and this gene can also be found in other shrimp species. The interaction between Glut1 and some other WSSV envelope proteins in the infectome structure was verified by far western blot and His pull down assay. In vitro and in vivo neutralization using recombinant partial Glut1 revealed that the large extracellular portion of Glut1 could delay WSSV infection. Also, shrimps which were knocked-down Glut1 gene by treated with dsRNA before WSSV challenge showed decreased mortality. These results indeed provide a direction to develop efficient antiviral strategies or therapeutic methods by using Glut1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ting Huang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Hoi-Ling Chan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yen Shih
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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Rozenberg A, Brand P, Rivera N, Leese F, Schubart CD. Characterization of fossilized relatives of the White Spot Syndrome Virus in genomes of decapod crustaceans. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:142. [PMID: 26187050 PMCID: PMC4506587 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is an important pathogen that infects a variety of decapod species and causes a highly contagious disease in penaeid shrimps. Mass mortalities caused by WSSV have pronounced commercial impact on shrimp aquaculture. Until now WSSV is the only known member of the virus family Nimaviridae, a group with obscure phylogenetic affinities. Its isolated position makes WSSV studies challenging due to large number of genes without homology in other viruses or cellular organisms. Results Here we report the discovery of an unusually large amount of sequences with high similarity to WSSV in a genomic library from the Jamaican bromeliad crab Metopaulias depressus. De novo assembly of these sequences allowed for the partial reconstruction of the genome of this endogenized virus with total length of 200 kbp encompassed in three scaffolds. The genome includes at least 68 putative open reading frames with homology in WSSV, most of which are intact. Among these, twelve orthologs of WSSV genes coding for non-structural proteins and nine genes known to code for the major components of the WSSV virion were discovered. Together with reanalysis of two similar cases of WSSV-like sequences in penaeid shrimp genomic libraries, our data allowed comparison of gene composition and gene order between different lineages related to WSSV. Furthermore, screening of published sequence databases revealed sequences with highest similarity to WSSV and the newly described virus in genomic libraries of at least three further decapod species. Analysis of the viral sequences detected in decapods suggests that they are less a result of contemporary WSSV infection, but rather originate from ancestral infection events. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that genes were acquired repeatedly by divergent viruses or viral strains of the Nimaviridae. Conclusions Our results shed new light on the evolution of the Nimaviridae and point to a long association of this viral group with decapod crustaceans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0380-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Rozenberg
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Philipp Brand
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Bochum, Germany. .,University of California, Davis, Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, Davis, USA.
| | - Nicole Rivera
- University of Regensburg, Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Leese
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christoph D Schubart
- University of Regensburg, Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Regensburg, Germany.
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Shekhar MS, Ponniah AG. Recent insights into host-pathogen interaction in white spot syndrome virus infected penaeid shrimp. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:599-612. [PMID: 24953507 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral disease outbreaks are a major concern impeding the development of the shrimp aquaculture industry. The viral disease due to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) observed in early 1990s still continues unabated affecting the shrimp farms and cause huge economic loss to the shrimp aquaculture industry. In the absence of effective therapeutics to control WSSV, it is important to understand viral pathogenesis and shrimp response to WSSV at the molecular level. Identification and molecular characterization of WSSV proteins and receptors may facilitate in designing and development of novel therapeutics and antiviral drugs that may inhibit viral replication. Investigations into host-pathogen interactions might give new insights to viral infectivity, tissue tropism and defence mechanism elicited in response to WSSV infection. However, due to the limited information on WSSV gene function and host immune response, the signalling pathways which are associated in shrimp pathogen interaction have also not been elucidated completely. In the present review, the focus is on those shrimp proteins and receptors that are potentially involved in virus infection or in the defence mechanism against WSSV. In addition, the major signalling pathways involved in the innate immune response and the role of apoptosis in host-pathogen interaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Shekhar
- Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - A G Ponniah
- Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
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Charoensapsri W, Sangsuriya P, Lertwimol T, Gangnonngiw W, Phiwsaiya K, Senapin S. Laminin receptor protein is implicated in hemocyte homeostasis for the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:39-47. [PMID: 25720979 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that knockdown of laminin receptor (Lamr) with PvLamr dsRNA in the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei (Pv) caused a dramatic reduction specifically in hyaline hemocytes prior to death. Since apoptosis was not detected in hemocytes or hematopoietic cells, other possible causes of hemocyte loss were investigated. Reports that suppression of crustacean hematopoietic factor (CHF)-like protein or hemocyte homeostasis-associated protein (HHAP) also reduced shrimp hemocyte counts led us to carry out yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays to test for interactions between Lamr and Pv homologues to these proteins (PvCHF-like and PvHHAP). The assays revealed that Lamr bound to both these homologues, but that the homologues did not bind to each other. Subsequent RT-PCR assays confirmed that PvLamr dsRNA injection significantly reduced expression levels for both PvCHF-like and PvHHAP genes. Further work is needed to determine how interaction among these three proteins can regulate shrimp hemocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaiporn Charoensapsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tareerat Lertwimol
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Warachin Gangnonngiw
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kornsunee Phiwsaiya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Leu JH, Liu KF, Chen KY, Chen SH, Wang YB, Lin CY, Lo CF. The novel white spot syndrome virus-induced gene, PmERP15, encodes an ER stress-responsive protein in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:239-248. [PMID: 25499032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By microarray screening, we identified a white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-strongly induced novel gene in gills of Penaeus monodon. The gene, PmERP15, encodes a putative transmembrane protein of 15 kDa, which only showed some degree of similarity (54-59%) to several unknown insect proteins, but had no hits to shrimp proteins. RT-PCR showed that PmERP15 was highly expressed in the hemocytes, heart and lymphoid organs, and that WSSV-induced strong expression of PmERP15 was evident in all tissues examined. Western blot analysis likewise showed that WSSV strongly up-regulated PmERP15 protein levels. In WSSV-infected hemocytes, immunofluorescence staining showed that PmERP15 protein was colocalized with an ER enzyme, protein disulfide isomerase, and in Sf9 insect cells, PmERP15-EGFP fusion protein colocalized with ER -Tracker™ Red dye as well. GRP78, an ER stress marker, was found to be up-regulated in WSSV-infected P. monodon, and both PmERP15 and GRP78 were up-regulated in shrimp injected with ER stress inducers tunicamycin and dithiothreitol. Silencing experiments showed that although PmERP15 dsRNA-injected shrimp succumbed to WSSV infection more rapidly, the WSSV copy number had no significant changes. These results suggest that PmERP15 is an ER stress-induced, ER resident protein, and its induction in WSSV-infected shrimp is caused by the ER stress triggered by WSSV infection. Furthermore, although PmERP15 has no role in WSSV multiplication, its presence is essential for the survival of WSSV-infected shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Horng Leu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Fu Liu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bin Wang
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Gene expression profiling in gill tissues of White spot syndrome virus infected black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon by DNA microarray. Virusdisease 2015; 26:9-18. [PMID: 26436116 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) continues to be the most devastating viral pathogen infecting penaeid shrimp the world over. The genome of WSSV has been deciphered and characterized from three geographical isolates and significant progress has been made in developing various molecular diagnostic methods to detect the virus. However, the information on host immune gene response to WSSV pathogenesis is limited. Microarray analysis was carried out as an approach to analyse the gene expression in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in response to WSSV infection. Gill tissues collected from the WSSV infected shrimp at 6, 24, 48 h and moribund stage were analysed for differential gene expression. Shrimp cDNAs of 40,059 unique sequences were considered for designing the microarray chip. The Cy3-labeled cRNA derived from healthy and WSSV-infected shrimp was subjected to hybridization with all the DNA spots in the microarray which revealed 8,633 and 11,147 as up- and down-regulated genes respectively at different time intervals post infection. The altered expression of these numerous genes represented diverse functions such as immune response, osmoregulation, apoptosis, nucleic acid binding, energy and metabolism, signal transduction, stress response and molting. The changes in gene expression profiles observed by microarray analysis provides molecular insights and framework of genes which are up- and down-regulated at different time intervals during WSSV infection in shrimp. The microarray data was validated by Real Time analysis of four differentially expressed genes involved in apoptosis (translationally controlled tumor protein, inhibitor of apoptosis protein, ubiquitin conjugated enzyme E2 and caspase) for gene expression levels. The role of apoptosis related genes in WSSV infected shrimp is discussed herein.
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Zhang X, Zhang P, Li C, Li Y, Jin C, Zhang W. Characterization of two regulators of the TNF-α signaling pathway in Apostichopus japonicus: LPS-induced TNF-α factor and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 2. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:138-142. [PMID: 25307203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The TNF-α signaling cascade is involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and the immune response in vertebrates. Here, two regulatory genes, lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor α factor (LITAF) and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 2 (BIRC2), were identified in coelomocytes from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by RNA-seq and RACE (denoted as AjLITAF and AjBIRC2, respectively). The full-length cDNA of AjLITAF was 1417 bp, with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 189 bp, a 3' UTR of 637 bp with one cytokine RNA instability motif (ATTTA) and an open reading frame (ORF) of 591 bp encoding a polypeptide of 196 amino acid residues and a predicted molecular weight of 22.1 kDa. The partial AjBIRC2 cDNA was 2324 bp with a 5' UTR of 145 bp, a 3' UTR of 469 bp and a complete ORF of 1710 bp encoding a polypeptide of 569 amino acid residues. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that both genes shared a remarkably high degree of structural conservation with their mammalian orthologs, including a highly conserved LITAF domain in AjLITAF and three types of BIR domains in AjBIRC2. Spatial expression analysis revealed that AjLITAF and AjBIRC2 were expressed at a slightly lower level in the intestine and tentacle tissues compared with the other four tissues examined. After challenging the sea cucumbers with Vibrio splendidus, the expression levels of AjLITAF and AjBIRC2 in coelomocytes were increased by 2.65-fold at 6 h and 1.76-fold at 24 h compared with the control group. In primary cultured coelomocytes, a significant increase in the expression of AjLITAF and AjBIRC2 was detected after 6 h of exposure to 1 µg mL(-1) LPS. Together, these results suggest that AjLITAF and AjBIRC2 might be involved in the sea cucumber immune response during the course of a pathogenic infection or exposure to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Pengjuan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China.
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Chunhua Jin
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
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Evaluation of immune and apoptosis related gene responses using an RNAi approach in vaccinated Penaeus monodon during oral WSSV infection. Mar Genomics 2014; 18 Pt A:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Xu D, Liu W, Alvarez A, Huang T. Cellular immune responses against viral pathogens in shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 47:287-297. [PMID: 25111591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most important commercial marine species worldwide; however, viral diseases threaten the healthy development of shrimp aquaculture. In order to develop efficient control strategies against viral diseases, researchers have begun focusing increasing attention to the molecular mechanism of shrimp innate immunity. Although knowledge of shrimp humoral immunity has grown significantly in recent years, very little information is available about the cell-mediated immune responses. Several cellular processes such as phagocytosis, apoptosis, and RNA interference critical in cellular immune response play a significant role in endogenous antiviral activity in shrimp. In this review, we summarize the emerging research and highlight key mediators of cellular immune response to viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angel Alvarez
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Tianzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA..
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White spot syndrome virus protein kinase 1 defeats the host cell's iron-withholding defense mechanism by interacting with host ferritin. J Virol 2014; 89:1083-93. [PMID: 25378496 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02318-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron is an essential nutrient for nearly all living organisms, including both hosts and invaders. Proteins such as ferritin regulate the iron levels in a cell, and in the event of a pathogenic invasion, the host can use an iron-withholding mechanism to restrict the availability of this essential nutrient to the invading pathogens. However, pathogens use various strategies to overcome this host defense. In this study, we demonstrated that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) protein kinase 1 (PK1) interacted with shrimp ferritin in the yeast two-hybrid system. A pulldown assay and 27-MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analysis confirmed the interaction between PK1 and both ferritin and apoferritin. PK1 did not promote the release of iron ions from ferritin, but it prevented apoferritin from binding ferrous ions. When PK1 was overexpressed in Sf9 cells, the cellular labile iron pool (LIP) levels were elevated significantly. Immunoprecipitation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) further showed that the number of iron ions bound by ferritin decreased significantly at 24 h post-WSSV infection. Taken together, these results suggest that PK1 prevents apoferritin from iron loading, and thus stabilizes the cellular LIP levels, and that WSSV uses this novel mechanism to counteract the host cell's iron-withholding defense mechanism. IMPORTANCE We show here that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) ensures the availability of iron by using a previously unreported mechanism to defeat the host cell's iron-withholding defense mechanism. This defense is often implemented by ferritin, which can bind up to 4,500 iron atoms and acts to sequester free iron within the cell. WSSV's novel counterstrategy is mediated by a direct protein-protein interaction between viral protein kinase 1 (PK1) and host ferritin. PK1 interacts with both ferritin and apoferritin, suppresses apoferritin's ability to sequester free iron ions, and maintains the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP), and thus the availability of free iron is increased within cells.
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Lertwimol T, Sangsuriya P, Phiwsaiya K, Senapin S, Phongdara A, Boonchird C, Flegel TW. Two new anti-apoptotic proteins of white spot syndrome virus that bind to an effector caspase (PmCasp) of the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:1-6. [PMID: 24607895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus proteins WSSV134 and WSSV322 have been shown to bind with the p20 domain (residues 55-214) of Penaeus monodon caspase (PmCasp) protein through yeast two-hybrid screening. Binding was confirmed for the p20 domain and the full-length caspase by co-immunoprecipitation. WSSV134 is also known as the WSSV structural protein VP36A, but no function or conserved domains have been ascribed to WSSV322. Discovery of the caspase binding activity of these two proteins led to an investigation of their possible anti-apoptotic roles. Full-length PmCasp was confirmed to be an effector caspase by inducing apoptosis in transfected Sf-9 cells as assessed by DAPI staining. Using the same cell model, comparison of cells co-transfected with PmCasp and either WSSV134 or WSSV322 revealed that both of the binding proteins had anti-apoptotic activity. However, using the same Sf-9 protocol with anti-apoptosis protein-1 (AAP-1; also called WSSV449) previously shown to bind and inactivate a different effector caspase from P. monodon (Pm caspase) did not block apoptosis induced by PmCasp. The results revealed diversity in effector caspases and their viral protein inhibitors in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareerat Lertwimol
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kornsunee Phiwsaiya
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- Center for Genomic and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chuenchit Boonchird
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Characterization and interactome study of white spot syndrome virus envelope protein VP11. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85779. [PMID: 24465701 PMCID: PMC3897518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large enveloped virus. The WSSV viral particle consists of three structural layers that surround its core DNA: an outer envelope, a tegument and a nucleocapsid. Here we characterize the WSSV structural protein VP11 (WSSV394, GenBank accession number AF440570), and use an interactome approach to analyze the possible associations between this protein and an array of other WSSV and host proteins. Temporal transcription analysis showed that vp11 is an early gene. Western blot hybridization of the intact viral particles and fractionation of the viral components, and immunoelectron microscopy showed that VP11 is an envelope protein. Membrane topology software predicted VP11 to be a type of transmembrane protein with a highly hydrophobic transmembrane domain at its N-terminal. Based on an immunofluorescence assay performed on VP11-transfected Sf9 cells and a trypsin digestion analysis of the virion, we conclude that, contrary to topology software prediction, the C-terminal of this protein is in fact inside the virion. Yeast two-hybrid screening combined with co-immunoprecipitation assays found that VP11 directly interacted with at least 12 other WSSV structural proteins as well as itself. An oligomerization assay further showed that VP11 could form dimers. VP11 is also the first reported WSSV structural protein to interact with the major nucleocapsid protein VP664.
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Sangsuriya P, Huang JY, Chu YF, Phiwsaiya K, Leekitcharoenphon P, Meemetta W, Senapin S, Huang WP, Withyachumnarnkul B, Flegel TW, Lo CF. Construction and application of a protein interaction map for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:269-82. [PMID: 24217020 PMCID: PMC3879619 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.029199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is currently the most serious global threat for cultured shrimp production. Although its large, double-stranded DNA genome has been completely characterized, most putative protein functions remain obscure. To provide more informative knowledge about this virus, a proteomic-scale network of WSSV-WSSV protein interactions was carried out using a comprehensive yeast two-hybrid analysis. An array of yeast transformants containing each WSSV open reading frame fused with GAL4 DNA binding domain and GAL4 activation domain was constructed yielding 187 bait and 182 prey constructs, respectively. On screening of ∼28,000 pairwise combinations, 710 interactions were obtained from 143 baits. An independent coimmunoprecipitation assay (co-IP) was performed to validate the selected protein interaction pairs identified from the yeast two-hybrid approach. The program Cytoscape was employed to create a WSSV protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The topology of the WSSV PPI network was based on the Barabási-Albert model and consisted of a scale-free network that resembled other established viral protein interaction networks. Using the RNA interference approach, knocking down either of two candidate hub proteins gave shrimp more protection against WSSV than knocking down a nonhub gene. The WSSV protein interaction map established in this study provides novel guidance for further studies on shrimp viral pathogenesis, host-viral protein interaction and potential targets for therapeutic and preventative antiviral strategies in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- From the ‡Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- §Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiun-Yan Huang
- ¶Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fei Chu
- ¶Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kornsunee Phiwsaiya
- From the ‡Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- ‖National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- From the ‡Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Watcharachai Meemetta
- From the ‡Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- From the ‡Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- ‖National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wei-Pang Huang
- ¶Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul
- From the ‡Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- **Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand
- ‡‡Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Timothy W. Flegel
- From the ‡Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- ‖National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- ¶Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- ¶¶Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Suwannaboon R, Phiwsaiya K, Senapin S, Khunrae P, Rattanarojpong T. The identification and expression of the full-length HtrA2 gene from Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp). Protein Expr Purif 2013; 92:183-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang PH, Wan DH, Gu ZH, Qiu W, Chen YG, Weng SP, Yu XQ, He JG. Analysis of expression, cellular localization, and function of three inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) from Litopenaeus vannamei during WSSV infection and in regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs). PLoS One 2013; 8:e72592. [PMID: 23967321 PMCID: PMC3743791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) play important roles in apoptosis and NF-κB activation. In this study, we cloned and characterized three IAPs (LvIAP1-3) from the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeusvannamei. LvIAP1-3 proteins shared signature domains and exhibited significant similarities with other IAP family proteins. The tissue distributions of LvIAP1-3 were studied. The expression of LvIAP1-3 was induced in the muscle after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. LvIAP1 expression in the gill, hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and intestine was responsive to WSSV and Vibrioalginolyticus infections. LvIAP2 expression in the gill, hemocytes, and hepatopancreas was also responsive to WSSV infection. The expression of LvIAP3 in the gill, hemocytes, and intestine was reduced after V. alginolyticus infection. When overexpressed in Drosophila S2 cells, GFP labeled-LvIAP2 was distributed in the cytoplasm and appeared as speck-like aggregates in the nucleus. Both LvIAP1 and LvIAP3 were widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus. The expression of LvIAP1, LvIAP2, and LvIAP3 was significantly knocked down by dsRNA-mediated gene silencing. In the gill of LvIAP1- or LvIAP3-silenced shrimp, the expression of WSSV VP28 was significantly higher than that of the dsGFP control group, suggesting that LvIAP1 and LvIAP3 may play protective roles in host defense against WSSV infection. Intriguingly, the LvIAP2-silenced shrimp all died within 48 hours after dsLvIAP2 injection. In the hemocytes of LvIAP2-silenced shrimps, the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs), including Penaeidins, lysozyme, crustins, Vibriopenaeicidae-induced cysteine and proline-rich peptides (VICPs), was significantly downregulated, while the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) was upregulated. Moreover, LvIAP2 activated the promoters of the NF-κB pathway-controlled AMPs, such as shrimp Penaeidins and Drosophila drosomycin and attacin A, in Drosophila S2 cells. Taken together, these results reveal that LvIAP1 and LvIAP3 might participate in the host defense against WSSV infection, and LvIAP2 might be involved in the regulation of shrimp AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (P-HW); (J-GH)
| | - Ding-Hui Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gui Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jian-Guo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (P-HW); (J-GH)
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Tassanakajon A, Somboonwiwat K, Supungul P, Tang S. Discovery of immune molecules and their crucial functions in shrimp immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:954-967. [PMID: 23059654 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several immune-related molecules in penaeid shrimps have been discovered, most of these via the analysis of expressed sequence tag libraries, microarray studies and proteomic approaches. These immune molecules include antimicrobial peptides, serine proteinases and inhibitors, phenoloxidases, oxidative enzymes, clottable protein, pattern recognition proteins, lectins, Toll receptors, and other humoral factors that might participate in the innate immune system of shrimps. These molecules have mainly been found in the hemolymph and hemocytes, which are the main sites where immune reactions take place, while some are found in other immune organs/tissues, such as the lymphoid organs, gills and intestines. Although the participation of some of these immune molecules in the shrimp innate immune defense against invading pathogens has been demonstrated, the functions of many molecules remain unclear. This review summarizes the current status of our knowledge concerning the discovery and functional characterization of the immune molecules in penaeid shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Leu JH, Lin SJ, Huang JY, Chen TC, Lo CF. A model for apoptotic interaction between white spot syndrome virus and shrimp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1011-1017. [PMID: 22683516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an enveloped, large dsDNA virus that mainly infects penaeid shrimp, causing serious damage to the shrimp aquaculture industry. Like other animal viruses, WSSV infection induces apoptosis. Although this occurs even in by-stander cells that are free of WSSV virions, apoptosis is generally regarded as a kind of antiviral immune response. To counter this response, WSSV has evolved several different strategies. From the presently available literature, we construct a model of how the host and virus both attempt to regulate apoptosis to their respective advantage. The basic sequence of events is as follows: first, when a WSSV infection occurs, cellular sensors detect the invading virus, and activate signaling pathways that lead to (1) the expression of pro-apoptosis proteins, including PmCasp (an effecter caspase), MjCaspase (an initiator caspase) and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC); and (2) mitochondrial changes, including the induction of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and increased oxidative stress. These events initiate the apoptosis program. Meanwhile, WSSV begins to express its genes, including two anti-apoptosis proteins: AAP-1, which is a direct caspase inhibitor, and WSV222, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that blocks apoptosis through the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of shrimp TSL protein (an apoptosis inducer). WSSV also induces the expression of a shrimp anti-apoptosis protein, Pm-fortilin, which can act on Bax to inhibit mitochondria-triggered apoptosis. This is a life and death struggle because the virus needs to prevent apoptosis in order to replicate. If WSSV succeeds in replicating in sufficient numbers, this will result in the death of the infected penaeid shrimp host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Horng Leu
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Huang JY, Liu WJ, Wang HC, Lee DY, Leu JH, Wang HC, Tsai MH, Kang ST, Chen IT, Kou GH, Chang GD, Lo CF. Penaeus monodon thioredoxin restores the DNA binding activity of oxidized white spot syndrome virus IE1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:914-26. [PMID: 22332765 PMCID: PMC3392615 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study we identified viral gene targets of the important redox regulator thioredoxin (Trx), and explored in depth how Trx interacts with the immediate early gene #1 (IE1) of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). RESULTS In a pull-down assay, we found that recombinant Trx bound to IE1 under oxidizing conditions, and a coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that Trx bound to WSSV IE1 when the transfected cells were subjected to oxidative stress. A pull-down assay with Trx mutants showed that no IE1 binding occurred when cysteine 62 was replaced by serine. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that the DNA binding activity of WSSV IE1 was downregulated under oxidative conditions, and that Penaeus monodon Trx (PmTrx) restored the DNA binding activity of the inactivated, oxidized WSSV IE1. Another EMSA experiment showed that IE1's Cys-X-X-Cys motif and cysteine residue 55 were necessary for DNA binding. Measurement of the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in WSSV-infected shrimp showed that oxidative stress was significantly increased at 48 h postinfection. The biological significance of Trx was also demonstrated in a double-strand RNA Trx knockdown experiment where suppression of shrimp Trx led to significant decreases in mortality and viral copy numbers. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION WSSV's pathogenicity is enhanced by the virus' use of host Trx to rescue the DNA binding activity of WSSV IE1 under oxidizing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yan Huang
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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