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Piva E, Nicorelli E, Pacchini S, Schumann S, Drago L, Vanzan G, Tolomeo AM, Irato P, Bakiu R, Gerdol M, Santovito G. Unravelling stress granules in the deep cold: Characterisation of TIA-1 gene sequence in Antarctic fish species. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:109903. [PMID: 39299404 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic foci lacking membranes, comprising non-translating messenger ribonucleoproteins, translational initiation factors, and additional proteins. Their formation is crucial for rapidly modulating gene expression in response to adverse environmental conditions, such as pollution and infections. Limited research has focused on investigating the molecular components of SGs in fish, with minimal exploration in Antarctic fish. This study characterises for the first time the transcript sequences of one key protein component of SGs, TIA-1 (T-cell intracellular antigen 1), in two Antarctic endemic fish species, i.e. Trematomus bernacchii and Chionodraco hamatus. The mRNA-binding protein TIA-1 acts as a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression and its aggregation leads to the formation of SGs in response to cellular damage. The in vitro and bioinformatic analyses of the TIA-1 gene sequences of these two species highlighted interesting peculiarities, which include the transcription of alternatively spliced isoforms unique to the notothenioid lineage, potentially unlocking further insights into their unique adaptations to extreme environmental conditions. This is the first study to analyze tia-1 expression levels in different tissues of Antarctic fish species. Our key findings indicate that the TIA-1 gene is expressed at particularly high levels in the liver and spleen of C. hamatus, as well as in the heart and skeletal muscle of T. bernacchii. This suggests that those tissues play a significant role in the stress response mechanisms of the studied species. This study provides novel insights into the molecular adaptations of Antarctic fish, highlighting the potential importance of TIA-1 in their response to environmental stressors. The unique features of TIA-1 identified in these species may offer broader implications for understanding how Antarctic fish regulate gene transcriptions in their extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Piva
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - E Nicorelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - S Pacchini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - S Schumann
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - L Drago
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - G Vanzan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - A M Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - P Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - R Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
| | - M Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - G Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy.
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2
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Ren Y, Kong M, Sun H, Zhao B, Wu H, Chen Z, Qi J, Liu J, Zhang Q. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling of TLR family genes in Chromileptesaltivelis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109720. [PMID: 38945413 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a prominent category of pattern recognition receptors that have been extensively investigated for their pivotal role in combating pathogen incursions. Despite this, there has been a notable absence of comprehensive identification and exploration of the immune response associated with the TLR family genes in C. altivelis. This study successfully identified and named fourteen genes as Catlr1-1, Catlr1-2, Catlr2-1, Catlr2-2, Catlr3, Catlr5, Catlr7, Catlr8, Catlr9, Catlr13-1, Catlr13-2, Catlr18, Catlr21, and Catlr22. A series of bioinformatic analysis were performed, encompassing analysis of protein properties, examination of gene structures, evolutionary assessments, and prediction of protein tertiary structures. The expression patterns of Catlr genes were analyzed in five immune tissues: liver, spleen, kidney, gill, and intestine, in both healthy and bacterial stimulated-fish. The results showed that different tissue and different genes showed differed expression patterns after V. harveyi infection, indicating the involvement of all Catlr members in mounting immune responses following infection in various tissues. Additionally, histological evaluations of immune tissues unveiled varying levels of damage. In conclusion, this investigation into the TLR gene family offers novel information that contribute to a more profound comprehension of the immune response mechanisms in C. altivelis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Miao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Huibang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Benqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Hanwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Zhennian Chen
- Hainan Chenhai Aquatic Co., Ltd, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
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3
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Zapata AG. The fish spleen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109280. [PMID: 38086514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we review the structure and function of fish spleen with special emphasis on its condition in Elasmobranchs, Teleosts and Lungfish. Apart from the amount of splenic lymphoid tissue, the histological organization of the organ ensures the existence of areas involved in antigen trapping, the ellipsoids, and exhibit numerous melano-macrophages which appear isolated or forming the so-called melano-macrophage centres. An extensive discussion on the functional significance of these centres conclude that they are mere accumulations of macrophages consequence of tissue homeostasis rather than primitive germinal centres, as proposed by some authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín G Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Zou Y, Xu X, Xiao X, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhang Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of Toll-like receptors (TLR) genes in Haliotis discus hannai, H. rufescens, and H. laevigata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108728. [PMID: 37011737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play essential roles in the innate immune system and have been extensively studied in mollusks. In this study, through a genome-wide search, TLR genes were identified as 29 in Haliotis discus hannai, 33 in H. rufescens, and 16 in H. laevigata. Domain analysis indicated that these TLR genes contain leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains and exons ranging from 1 to 5. Polymorphism analysis showed that the TLRs in abalones did not have high diversities with 143 SNPs and no Indel in H. discus hannai, 92 SNPs and 3 Indels together with 6 missense mutations in H. rufescens, and no SNP or Indel in H. laevigata. The expression of 8 TLR genes in H. discus hannai was confirmed in the hepatopancreas, gill, hemolymph, gonads, intestine, muscle, and mantle. The expression of five TLR genes (out of 8) in gills (p < 0.05), three in hepatopancreas (p < 0.05), and three in hemolymph (p < 0.05) was upregulated separately in response to the infection caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The findings in this study would contribute to a better understanding of the molecular immune mechanism of H. discus hannai against stimulation by V. parahaemolyticus and provide a basis for the study of TLRs in abalones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Zou
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaotian Xiao
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Liu J, Ma X, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Hua L, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Che L, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Wu D. The Effects of Bacillus subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and the gut microbiota in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad257. [PMID: 37583344 PMCID: PMC10449409 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different Bacillus subtilis QST713 doses and a B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase mix on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. In total, 320 healthy piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) control group (basal diet), 2) BS100 group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), 3) BS200 group (basal diet plus 200 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713), and 4) a BS100XT group (basal diet plus 100 mg/kg B. subtilis QST713 and 150 mg/kg β-mannanase). The study duration was 42 d. We showed that feed intake in weaned piglets on days 1 to 21 was increased in group BS100 (P < 0.05), and that the feed conversion ratio in group BS100XT animals decreased throughout the study (P < 0.05). In terms of microbial counts, the BS100XT group showed reduced Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens numbers on day 21 (P < 0.05). Moreover, no significant α-diversity differences were observed across all groups during the study (P > 0.05). However, principal coordinates analysis indicated clear separations in bacterial community structures across groups (analysis of similarities: P < 0.05) on days 21 and 42. Additionally, E-cadherin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in piglet feces increased (P < 0.05) by adding B. subtilis QST713 and β-mannanase to diets. Notably, this addition decreased short-chain fatty acid concentrations. In conclusion, B. subtilis QST713 addition or combined B. subtilis QST713 plus β-mannanase effectively improved growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and microbial balance in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhu
- Elanco Animal Health, Mutiara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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6
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Liang Y, Liu R, Zhang J, Chen Y, Shan S, Zhu Y, Yang G, Li H. Negative regulation of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) in interferon and NF-κB signalling pathways of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:433. [PMID: 36503433 PMCID: PMC9743528 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs) is a kind of transcription factors, which play an important role in regulating the expression of type I IFN and related genes. In mammals, IRF6 is not relevant with IFN expression, while zebrafish IRF6 was reported to be a positive regulator of IFN expression and could be phosphorylated by both MyD88 and TBK1. However, the role of IRF6 in the immune response and IFN transcription of common carp is unknown. RESULTS In the present study, the cDNA of IRF6 gene (CcIRF6) was cloned from common carp using RACE technique, with a total length of 1905 bp, encoding 471 amino acid residues, which possesses two functional domains of DBD and IAD. Similarity analysis showed that CcIRF6 had more than 50% similarity with IRFs of other vertebrates, and had the highest similarity with grass carp and zebrafish, among which the DBD domain was much more conserved. The phylogenetic analysis showed that CcIRF6 is in the branch of Osteichthyes and has the closest relationship with grass carp. In healthy common carp, the CcIRF6 was expressed in all the examined tissues, with the highest level in the oral epithelium, and the lowest level in the head kidney. After intraperitoneal injection of poly(I:C) or Aeromonas hydrophila, the expression of CcIRF6 increased in spleen, head kidney, foregut and hindgut of common carp. Moreover, poly(I:C), LPS, PGN and flagellin induced the expression of CcIRF6 in peripheral leukocytes and head kidney leukocytes of common carp in vitro. In EPC cells, CcIRF6 inhibited the expression of some IFN-related genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and dual luciferase reporter assay showed that CcIRF6 reduced the activity of IFN and NF-κB reporter genes. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that CcIRF6 is involved in the antiviral and antibacterial immune response of common carp, and negatively regulate the expression of IFN and NF-κB signalling pathways, which provides a theoretical basis for the study and prevention of fish disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Liang
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Yixin Chen
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Shijuan Shan
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- grid.449397.40000 0004 1790 3687College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, No. 1 Yucai Road, Sanya, 572022 China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Hua Li
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014 China
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Shi X, Chi H, Sun Y, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. The Early Peritoneal Cavity Immune Response to Vibrio Anguillarum Infection and to Inactivated Bacterium in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Microorganisms 2022; 10:2175. [PMID: 36363767 PMCID: PMC9693283 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity plays an important role in the immune response, and intraperitoneal administration is an ideal vaccination route in fish. However, immune responses in the peritoneal cavity of teleost fish are still not completely characterized. This study characterized the morphology of peritoneal cavity cells (PerC cells) and their composition in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Flow cytometric analysis of the resident PerC cells revealed two populations varying in granularity and size. One population, approximately 15.43% ± 1.8%, was smaller with a lower granularity, designated as lymphocytes. The other population of the cells, about 78.17% ± 3.52%, was larger with higher granularity and was designated as myeloid cells. The results of cytochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy indicated that peritoneal cavity in flounder normally contains a resident population of leukocytes dominated by granulocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. The percentages of IgM+, CD4+, G-CSFR+, MHCII+, and CD83+ leukocytes among PerC cells determined by flow cytometry were 3.13% ± 0.4%, 2.83% ± 0.53%, 21.12% ± 1.44%, 27.11% ± 3.30%, and 19.64% ± 0.31%, respectively. Further, the changes in IgM+, CD4+, G-CSFR+, MHCII+, and CD83+ leukocytes in flounder after Vibrio anguillarum infection and immunization were compared. The composition changed rapidly after the infection or vaccination treatment and included two stages, a non-specific stage dominated by phagocytes and a specific immune stage dominated by lymphocytes. Due to the virulence effectors of bacteria, the infected group exhibited a more intense and complicated PerC cells immune response than that of the immunization group. Following our previous study, this is the first report on the morphology and composition of PerC cells and the early activation of PerC cells in flounder response to V. anguillarum infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Zhong A, Gao T. Transcriptome analysis reveals similarities and differences in immune responses in the head and trunk kidneys of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) stimulated with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:155-163. [PMID: 36055554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Teleosts have a unique immune system because their head kidney (HK) and trunk kidney (TK) are sites for hematopoiesis. However, the immune functions of the HK and TKs require further elucidation in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). In the present study, imprints of the HK and TK were examined using the Wright's-Giemsa staining method. Morphological characteristics of the blood cell lineages revealed that the HK and TK were hematopoietic organs. To explore its immune function, transcriptome sequencing was performed after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 1139 genes showed significant alterations in their expression in the kidney; these genes included 737 upregulated and 402 downregulated genes. Furthermore, 1117 differentially expressed genes were observed in the HK, which included 784 upregulated and 333 downregulated genes. Both organs showed 357 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes. Some immune-related genes were only expressed in the TK, such as ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58, the gene encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain. The immune responses in the HK and TK were differential and the TK played a critical role in the mechanism underlying the immune response. The purpose of the present study was to facilitate the elucidation of the immune defense mechanism of yellow catfish and other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhong
- Aquaculture Department, College of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China.
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Aquaculture Department, College of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China
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Zhao Z, Jiang FY, Zhou GQ, Duan HX, Xia JY, Zhu B. Protective immunity against spring viremia of carp virus by mannose modified chitosan loaded DNA vaccine. Virus Res 2022; 320:198896. [PMID: 35977626 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) usually be considered as one of the serious in viral diseases of aquaculture, and DNA vaccine with novel delivery mechanism or adjuvant has proven to be a promising and effective strategy to control aquatic animal diseases. In this study, the mannose-modified chitosan, a carrier system for vaccine delivery, were used to developed a chitosan-encapsulated DNA vaccine (CS-M-G) against SVCV, then investigated immune response induced by the vaccine. Our results showed that CS-M-G was confirmed the spherical or elliptical with even distribution and ranging from approximately 50 to 150 nm in size, the expression of the antigen gene could still be detected after 21 d post vaccination. The CS-M-G induces the highest antibody levels in the 20 μg dose group which is about 3 times than naked plasmid group at 21 d post vaccination, and still hold a higher level than control group at 28 d post vaccination. On the side, strongest protection with relative percent survival of 62.1% in the 20 μg CS-M-G group, which could produce significantly higher enzyme activities and up-regulated expression of immune-associated genes than control group. Thus, our results indicate that DNA vaccine loaded with mannose-modified chitosan induces strong immune response and provided an effective protection against SVCV infection, may be helpful and extended for developing more aquatic animal vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fu-Yi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui-Xin Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun-Yao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Luo C, Xia B, Zhong R, Shen D, Li J, Chen L, Zhang H. Early-Life Nutrition Interventions Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Health via the Gut Microbiota in Piglets. Front Nutr 2022; 8:783688. [PMID: 35047544 PMCID: PMC8762325 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.783688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infections in piglets are the main causes of morbidity before and after weaning. Studies have not explored approaches for combining pre-weaning and post-weaning nutritional strategies to sustain optimal gut health. The current study thus sought to explore the effects of early-life nutrition interventions through administration of synthetic milk on growth performance and gut health in piglets from 3 to 30 days of age. Twelve sows were randomly allocated to control group (CON) and early-life nutrition interventions group (ENI). Piglets were fed with the same creep diet from 7 days of age ad libitum. Piglets in the ENI group were provided with additional synthetic milk from Day 3 to Day 30. The results showed that early-life nutrition interventions improved growth performance, liver weight, spleen weight, and reduced diarrhea rate of piglets after weaning (P < 0.05). Early-life nutrition interventions significantly upregulated expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin4, GALNT1, B3GNT6, and MUC2 in colonic mucosa at mRNA level (P < 0.05). Early-life nutrition interventions reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum and the content of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma (P < 0.05). The number of goblet cells and crypt depth of colon of piglets was significantly higher in piglets in the ENI group relative to that of piglets in the CON group (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8, and the protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in colonic mucosa of piglets in the ENI group were lower compared with those of piglets in the CON group (P < 0.05). Relative abundance of Lactobacillus in colonic chyme and mucosa of piglets in the ENI group was significantly higher relative to that of piglets in the CON group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the relative mRNA expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin4, and GALNT1, and it was negatively correlated with the level of MCP-1 in colonic chyme and mucosa. In summary, the findings of this study showed that early-life nutrition interventions improved growth performance, colonic barrier, and reduced inflammation in the colon by modulating composition of gut microbiota in piglets. Early-life nutrition intervention through supplemental synthetic milk is a feasible measure to improve the health and reduce the number of deaths of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Passos R, Correia AP, Pires D, Pires P, Ferreira I, Simões M, do Carmo B, Santos P, Pombo A, Afonso C, Baptista T. Potential use of macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Health benefits from a sustainable source. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:105-113. [PMID: 34600116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds still possess a large undisclosed potential, mainly due to their constituent's richness, which may have several uses for society. In aquaculture, they may play a role as an ecological sustainable aquafeed supplement to increase overall health and fight pathogenic outbreaks. This study aimed to evaluate the general health modulation that the inclusion of Gracilaria gracilis could accomplish in the diet of Dicentrarchus labrax. Dried algae at 2.5% and 5% and algal extract at 0.35% inclusion levels were supplemented to seabass diet to evaluate possible growth, haematological, immunological, antioxidant, metabolic, and intestinal morphological modulations. The supplementations did not impact growth or feed utilization, and barely affected the haematological profile and some metabolic parameters. Nevertheless, it caused a marked outcome on lysozyme, some oxidative stress biomarkers, and intestine morphology, suggesting beneficial consequences from the algal inclusion. Dried algae powder, with a 2.5% inclusion, boosted immune response, with higher plasmatic lysozyme and intestinal acid goblet cells and protected against oxidative damages by improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic responses. Thus, we provide evidence that dietary seaweed application may be a path towards a more sustainable aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Passos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Ana Patrícia Correia
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Damiana Pires
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Pires
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Inês Ferreira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Marco Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz do Carmo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Pombo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 4 - Rua do Conhecimento nº 4 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Clélia Afonso
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 4 - Rua do Conhecimento nº 4 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Edifício CETEMARES, Av. Porto de Pesca, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 4 - Rua do Conhecimento nº 4 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal.
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12
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Huang L, Qiao Y, Xu W, Gong L, He R, Qi W, Gao Q, Cai H, Grossart HP, Yan Q. Full-Length Transcriptome: A Reliable Alternative for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis in the Spleen of Teleost Without Reference Genome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737332. [PMID: 34646272 PMCID: PMC8502891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is considered as a supreme model for clarifying the evolution and regulatory mechanism of vertebrate immunity. However, the knowledge of distinct immune cell populations in fish is still limited, and further development of techniques advancing the identification of fish immune cell populations and their functions are required. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has provided a new approach for effective in-depth identification and characterization of cell subpopulations. Current approaches for scRNA-seq data analysis usually rely on comparison with a reference genome and hence are not suited for samples without any reference genome, which is currently very common in fish research. Here, we present an alternative, i.e. scRNA-seq data analysis with a full-length transcriptome as a reference, and evaluate this approach on samples from Epinephelus coioides-a teleost without any published genome. We show that it reconstructs well most of the present transcripts in the scRNA-seq data achieving a sensitivity equivalent to approaches relying on genome alignments of related species. Based on cell heterogeneity and known markers, we characterized four cell types: T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ) and NCC (non-specific cytotoxic cells). Further analysis indicated the presence of two subsets of Mo/MΦ including M1 and M2 type, as well as four subsets in B cells, i.e. mature B cells, immature B cells, pre B cells and early-pre B cells. Our research will provide new clues for understanding biological characteristics, development and function of immune cell populations of teleost. Furthermore, our approach provides a reliable alternative for scRNA-seq data analysis in teleost for which no reference genome is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Linfeng Gong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongchao He
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weilu Qi
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiancheng Gao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Postdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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13
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balasundaram C, Van Doan H, Jaturasitha S, Saravanan K, Ringø E. Impact of cinnamaldehyde on innate immunity and immune gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:1-16. [PMID: 34274424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cinnamaldehyde (CM) enriched diet on immunity and cytokine gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans is reported. C. striatus was uniformly divided into eight groups (n = 25 fish each) and fed with formulated diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1 CM enriched diet. In healthy and infected groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 diet the leukocytes count increased significantly after 4th week; with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet the increase manifested after 6th week, but with 15 mg kg-1 not even after 8th week. In both groups, 5 mg kg-1 CM diet resulted in a significant increase in the serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels after 4th week, whereas with other diets this effect was observed only after 6th week. Similarly, with any enriched diet the lysozyme activity increased significantly, but with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet only after 6th week. In both groups the complement activity and lymphocyte production increased significantly when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week while with other enriched diets only after 6th week. The phagocytic activity increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 6th week, whereas the SOD activity increased after 4th week. The IgM production increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 2nd week, while with 5 and 10 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week. In both groups, the expression of CXCR3α was significant on 4th week when fed with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet, while in the healthy group fed with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet the expression manifested earlier than 4th week. However, when fed with 10 and 15 mg kg-1 CM diets the increase was observed on 6th week; whereas, the expression of MHC-I reached the maximum on 6th week with any enriched diet. The results indicate that in C. striatus the innate immunity and expression of cytokine and immune related genes were significantly modulated when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet on 4th week against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Zare M, Tran HQ, Prokešová M, Stejskal V. Effects of Garlic Allium sativum Powder on Nutrient Digestibility, Haematology, and Immune and Stress Responses in Eurasian Perch Perca fluviatilis Juveniles. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2735. [PMID: 34573701 PMCID: PMC8467537 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of fish diets with phytogenics can increase growth performance and can modulate immune system response. European perch Perca fluviatilis (initial weight 25.0 ± 0.4 g) were fed a diet including 0 (Control), 10 (G10), 20 (G20), and 30 (G30) g kg-1 garlic powder. No significant difference in the growth parameters and somatic indices were observed. Significantly higher fat digestibility was observed in G10 and G30 diets compared to in the control and G20 diets(p < 0.05). Significantly greater red blood cell and white blood cell counts were observed with the G10 diet (p < 0.05). Garlic significantly decreased serum cholesterol in all of the experimental groups. Serum albumin was significantly higher in the G10 and G20 diets (p < 0.05). Immediately after the overcrowding stress challenge, the garlic groups showed significantly higher cortisol levels than the control group, while no significant difference was observed in the glucose concentration among groups. At 1 h post-stress, all of the groups that had been fed a garlic-supplemented diet showed lower cortisol levels than the control group, and this trend was maintained at 6 and 24 h post stress (p < 0.05), and glucose level in all garlic groups was significantly lower than control (p < 0.05). Garlic at 10 g kg-1 in feed can improve apparent fat digestibility and selected blood parameters and can enhance resistance against high-density and net handling stress in Eurasian perch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Husova třída 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (H.Q.T.); (M.P.)
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15
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The sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax as a marine model species in immunology: Insights from basic and applied research. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Kataoka C, Kashiwada S. Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8305. [PMID: 34361068 PMCID: PMC8347160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunotoxic effects of some anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic organisms are among the causes of concern over the presence of these pollutants in the marine environment. The immune system is part of an organism's biological defense necessarily for homeostasis. Thus, the immunotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms are important to understand the effects of pollutant chemicals in the aquatic ecosystem. When aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutant chemicals with immunotoxicity, it results in poor health. In addition, aquatic organisms are exposed to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Exposure to pollutant chemicals has reportedly caused aquatic organisms to show various immunotoxic symptoms such as histological changes of lymphoid tissue, changes of immune functionality and the distribution of immune cells, and changes in the resistance of organisms to infection by pathogens. Alterations of immune systems by contaminants can therefore lead to the deaths of individual organisms, increase the general risk of infections by pathogens, and probably decrease the populations of some species. This review introduced the immunotoxicological impact of pollutant chemicals in aquatic organisms, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and marine mammals; described typical biomarkers used in aquatic immunotoxicological studies; and then, discussed the current issues on ecological risk assessment and how to address ecological risk assessment through immunotoxicology. Moreover, the usefulness of the population growth rate to estimate the immunotoxicological impact of pollution chemicals was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan;
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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17
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Stosik M, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. Immunological memory in teleost fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:95-103. [PMID: 34058353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory can be regarded as the key aspect of adaptive immunity, i.e. a specific response to first contact with an antigen, which in mammals is determined by the properties of T, B and NK cells. Re-exposure to the same antigen results in a more rapid response of the activated specific cells, which have a unique property that is the immunological memory acquired upon first contact with the antigen. Such a state of immune activity is also to be understood as related to "altered behavior of the immune system" due to genetic alterations, presumably maintained independently of the antigen. It also indicates a possible alternative mechanism of maintaining the immune state at a low level of the immune response, "directed" by an antigen or dependent on an antigen, associated with repeated exposure to the same antigen from time to time, as well as the concept of innate immune memory, associated with epigenetic reprogramming of myeloid cells, i.e. macrophages and NK cells. Studies on Teleostei have provided evidence for the presence of immunological memory determined by T and B cells and a secondary response stronger than the primary response. Research has also demonstrated that in these animals macrophages and NK-like cells (similar to mammalian NK cells) are able to respond when re-exposed to the same antigen. Regardless of previous reports on immunological memory in teleost fish, many reactions and mechanisms related to this ability require further investigation. The very nature of immunological memory and the activity of cells involved in this process, in particular macrophages and NK-like cells, need to be explained. This paper presents problems associated with adaptive and innate immune memory in teleost fish and characteristics of cells associated with this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Stosik
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Poland
| | | | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi). Br J Nutr 2021; 125:1344-1358. [PMID: 32943119 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Choline plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism for fish, and its deficiency in aquafeed has been linked to compromised health and growth performance. A 56-d experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary choline on lipid composition, histology and plasma biochemistry of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK; 156 g initial body weight). The dietary choline content ranged from 0·59 to 6·22 g/kg diet. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (3 g/kg) was added to diets, except for a control diet, to limit de novo choline synthesis. The results showed that the liver lipid content of YTK was similar among diets containing AMP and dominated by NEFA. In contrast, fish fed the control diet had significantly elevated liver TAG. Generally, the SFA, MUFA and PUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed diets containing AMP was not influenced by choline content. The SFA and MUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed the control diet was similar to other diets except for a decrease in PUFA. The linear relationship between lipid digestibility and plasma cholesterol was significant, otherwise most parameters were unaffected. When AMP is present, higher dietary choline reduced the severity of some hepatic lesions. The present study demonstrated that choline deficiency affects some plasma and liver histology parameters in juvenile YTK which might be useful fish health indicators. Importantly, the present study elucidated potential reasons for lower growth in choline-deficient YTK and increased the knowledge on choline metabolism in the fish.
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Wang X, Wu Z, Wu S, Chen X, Hanif M, Zhang S. Hematological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells in the argus snakehead ( Ophiocephalus argus Cantor). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11234. [PMID: 33981499 PMCID: PMC8083180 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The argus snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor) is a highly nutritious, freshwater, cultured bony fish with a high economic value. The health of the fish is closely related to its blood cells, which are critical for oxygen transport, natural defense, and immunity. We investigated the morphometry, microstructure, and cytochemical characteristics of the peripheral blood cells of O. argus. Our results may provide the basic reference values needed to monitor the health of this fish for large-scale cultivation. METHODS The number of blood cells in O. argus were counted on a hemocytometer and their size was measured using a micrometer under light microscope. The morphology and classification of the blood cells were studied using Wright's staining and the cytochemical characteristics were studied using seven chemical stains including peroxidase (POX), Sudan black B (SBB), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), chloroacetic acid AS-D naphthol esterase (AS-D), and α-naphthol acetate esterase (α-NAE). RESULTS The peripheral blood cells in O. argus can be classified as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes; of which, females had 2.9597 million/mm3, 88,400/mm3, and 43,600/mm3, respectively, and males had 3.0105 million/mm3, 105,500/mm3, and 34,000/mm3, respectively. Leukocytes consisted of neutrophils, monocytes, large lymphocytes, and small lymphocytes. Eosinophils and basophils were not found. Monocytes were the most numerous leukocytes identified, followed by neutrophils and small lymphocytes, while large lymphocytes were the least frequently identified. Cytochemical staining showed that erythrocytes were only positive for PAS staining. Neutrophils were strongly positive for POX, SBB, and ACP, and positive for all the other cytochemical stains. Monocytes were positive for PAS and α-NAE and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D staining. Large lymphocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ALP, AS-D, and α-NAE staining. Small lymphocytes were positive for PAS and weakly positive for AS-D and α-NAE staining. Thrombocytes were positive for PAS and were weakly positive for ACP and AS-D, but negative for the remaining cytochemical stains. The morphology of peripheral blood cells in O. argus was generally similar to that of other fish species, while the cytochemical staining patterns showed clear species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhengjie Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengmei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Misbah Hanif
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shengzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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20
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Hoang HH, Wang PC, Chen SC. Recombinant resuscitation-promoting factor protein of Nocardia seriolae, a promissing vaccine candidate for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:127-139. [PMID: 33545184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae is an important pathogenic bacterium that causes nocardiosis in various fish species and leads to economic losses in the fish industry. To develop an effective subunit vaccine against nocardial infection, the truncated resuscitation-promoting factor (tRPF) of N. seriolae was selected and recombinantly produced using the Escherichia coli expression system. Western blotting results indicated that the recombinant protein could be strongly recognised by largemouth bass anti-N. seriolae antibodies. The protective efficacy of tRPF recombinant protein was assessed in combination with the commercial adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 763 A VG. The results showed that emulsified tRPF + ISA significantly induced high serum antibody response and serum lysozyme activity in the vaccinated fish. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that tRPF + ISA could notably enhance the expression of immune-related genes in both the head kidney and spleen of the vaccinated fish. Finally, vaccinated largemouth bass displayed higher immuno-protection with a relative percent survival of 69.23% compared to the control groups. Taken together, the combination of tRPF + ISA is an ideal vaccine candidate against N. seriolae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Hoa Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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21
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Somamoto T, Nakanishi T. Mucosal delivery of fish vaccines: Local and systemic immunity following mucosal immunisations. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:199-207. [PMID: 31911291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal organs of fishes are directly exposed to their aquatic environment, which is suited to the colonization and growth of microorganisms, and thus these barriers are considered to play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and preventing entry of invasive pathogens. Research on fish mucosal immunity have shown that mucosal organs such as gills, skin, intestines and olfactory organs harbor lymphoid cells, including T and B cells as well as dendritic-like cells. Findings related to immune responses following direct administration of antigens into the mucosal organs could help to shed light upon the development of fish mucosal vaccines. The present review highlights vaccine delivery via mucosal organs, in particular focusing on methods other than those of typical mucosal vaccine platforms, such as oral and immersion vaccines. In addition, we propose the hypothesis that mucosal tissues are important sites for generating cell-mediated immunity following vaccination with extracellular antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Somamoto
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Goto Aquaculture Institute Co., Ltd, Sayama City, Saitama, 350-1332, Japan
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22
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Xing J, Zhang Z, Luo K, Tang X, Sheng X, Zhan W. T and B lymphocytes immune responses in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) induced by two forms of outer membrane protein K from Vibrio anguillarum: Subunit vaccine and DNA vaccine. Mol Immunol 2019; 118:40-51. [PMID: 31841966 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To further elucidate the roles of T and B lymphocytes in fish subunit and DNA candidate vaccines for immunisation, the immune responses of T and B lymphocytes to recombinant protein (rOmpK) and plasmid OmpK (pOmpK) from Vibrio anguillarum plus cyclosporine A (CsA) were investigated in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The results showed that in the rOmpK-immunised groups, the percentages of CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ T (PCD4-1+ and PCD4-2+ T) lymphocytes significantly increased to a peak on days 5 or 7. The percentages of IgM+ B (PIgM+ B) lymphocytes and specific antibodies markedly increased to a peak at weeks 4 or 5. The nine immune-related genes were significantly up-regulated and the expression levels of CD4-1, CD4-2 and MHC II genes were higher than that of CD8α, CD8β and MHC I genes. The CD4+ T lymphocytes, IgM+ B lymphocytes, and specific antibodies were significantly inhibited by CsA. Therefore, the responses of CD4+ T lymphocytes influenced the responses of the B lymphocytes and antibodies. In the pOmpK-immunised groups, the PCD4-1+, PCD4-2+, and PCD8β+ T lymphocytes significantly increased to a peak on days 11 or 14, days 9 or 11, and days 7 or 9, respectively. The PIgM+ B lymphocytes and specific antibodies significantly increased to a peak at weeks 5 or 6. Immune related genes upregulated, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, IgM+ B lymphocytes and specific antibodies all suppressed by CsA, suggesting that the responses of T lymphocytes subpopulations influenced B lymphocytes and antibodies responses. Therefore, the subpopulations of T lymphocytes played an important role in the immune responses induced by subunit and DNA candidate vaccines of OmpK and regulated the immune responses of B lymphocytes in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Keke Luo
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao, China.
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23
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Low temperature-induced variation in plasma biochemical indices and aquaglyceroporin gene expression in the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2717. [PMID: 30804360 PMCID: PMC6389880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature influences multiple physiological processes in fish. To explore the adaptability of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) to low temperature, the concentrations of glycerol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and triglycerides (TG) in plasma, as well as the expression levels of metabolism-related genes aqp7 and aqp10, were measured after exposure to low temperature stress and during subsequent rewarming. In addition, tissue samples from the intestine and liver were histologically analyzed. We found that the concentrations of plasma glycerol, BUN, and TG, decreased under low temperature stress, suggesting the metabolism of fat and protein slowed at low temperature. The expression levels of aqp7 and aqp10 mRNA were also downregulated under exposure to low temperature. Interestingly, above plasma indices and gene expression returned to basic levels within 24 h after rewarming. Furthermore, the liver and the intestine were damaged under continuous low temperature stress, whereas they were repaired upon rewarming. From the above results, we concluded that aqp7 and aqp10 genes were sensitive to low temperature, and that the decrease in their expression levels at low temperature might reduce energy consumption by L. crocea. However, the adaptation to low temperature was limited because the key metabolic tissues were damaged under continuous exposure to low temperature. Interestingly, the metabolism of L. crocea was basically back to normal within 24 h of rewarming, showing that it has high capacity of self-recovery.
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24
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Patel B, Banerjee R, Samanta M, Das S. Diversity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotypes and the Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Fish. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:435-453. [PMID: 29704159 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The disparate diversity in immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire has been a subject of fascination since the emergence of prototypic adaptive immune system in vertebrates. The carboxy terminus region of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been well established in tetrapod lineage and is crucial for its function in class switch recombination (CSR) event of Ig diversification. The absence of CSR in the paraphyletic group of fish is probably due to changes in catalytic domain of AID and lack of cis-elements in IgH locus. Therefore, understanding the arrangement of Ig genes in IgH locus and functional facets of fish AID opens up new realms of unravelling the alternative mechanisms of isotype switching and antibody diversity. Further, the teleost AID has been recently reported to have potential of catalyzing CSR in mammalian B cells by complementing AID deficiency in them. In that context, the present review focuses on the recent advances regarding the generation of diversity in Ig repertoire in the absence of AID-regulated class switching in teleosts and the possible role of T cell-independent pathway involving B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand in activation of CSR machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Patel
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India
| | - Rajanya Banerjee
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751 002, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India.
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25
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Scapigliati G, Fausto AM, Picchietti S. Fish Lymphocytes: An Evolutionary Equivalent of Mammalian Innate-Like Lymphocytes? Front Immunol 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 29867952 PMCID: PMC5949566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are the responsible of adaptive responses, as they are classically described, but evidence shows that subpopulations of mammalian lymphocytes may behave as innate-like cells, engaging non-self rapidly and without antigen presentation. The innate-like lymphocytes of mammals have been mainly identified as γδT cells and B1-B cells, exert their activities principally in mucosal tissues, may be involved in human pathologies and their functions and tissue(s) of origin are not fully understood. Due to similarities in the morphology and immunobiology of immune system between fish and mammals, and to the uniqueness of having free-living larval stages where the development can be precisely monitored and engineered, teleost fish are proposed as an experimental model to investigate human immunity. However, the homology between fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes is an issue poorly considered in comparative immunology. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that fish lymphocytes could have developmental, morphological, and functional features in common with innate-like lymphocytes of mammals. Despite such similarities, information on possible links between conventional fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes is missing. The aim of this review is to summarize and describe available findings about the similarities between fish lymphocytes and mammalian innate-like lymphocytes, supporting the hypothesis that mammalian γδT cells and B1-B cells could be evolutionarily related to fish lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna M Fausto
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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26
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Samaï HC, Rioult D, Bado-Nilles A, Delahaut L, Jubréaux J, Geffard A, Porcher JM, Betoulle S. Procedures for leukocytes isolation from lymphoid tissues and consequences on immune endpoints used to evaluate fish immune status: A case study on roach (Rutilus rutilus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:190-204. [PMID: 29288813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two protocols (density gradient versus hypotonic lysis) used for leukocyte isolation from three major lymphoid tissue of fish (head-kidney, spleen and blood) were examined on some cell functional activities (tissue leucocytes distributions, phagocytosis, basal and burst oxidative activities) classically used to estimate the fish immune status. Experiments were conducted on roach (Rutilus rutilus), a cyprinid fish model often studied in different eco-physiological contexts (aquaculture, ecotoxicology …). All of immune endpoints were assessed either immediately after cell isolation or after a 12 h of incubation in order to observe if a post-isolation incubation may influence the leukocytes activities. Compared to the density gradient, hypotonic lysis is associated with granulocytes enrichments of cell suspensions. This is particularly true for leukocyte suspensions isolated from head kidney where granulocytes are naturally abundant. However, important variabilities in leukocyte distributions were observed in head kidney and spleen cells samples obtained by the use of hypotonic lysis for two incubation conditions used (no incubation or 12 h of incubation at 4 °C). The density gradient protocol leads to a transitory increase in basal ROS production in spleen lymphocytes and macrophages The blood leukocytes isolated by this same method exhibit high basal oxidative activities after 12 h of incubation at 4 °C and for the three leukocyte types (lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes). The hypotonic lysis is associated with an increase in PMA-induced ROS production especially in head kidney leukocytes. The increases in cell oxidative activities are consistent with increases in granulocyte proportions observed in leukocyte suspensions obtained by hypotonic lysis. Finally, the two protocols have no effect on leukocyte mortality and phagocytic activity. Within limits of our experimental conditions, the spleen is the organ whose leukocyte oxidative activities (stimulated or not) are only slightly influenced by the methods used for leukocyte isolation. This is also the case for the anterior kidney, but for this tissue, it is necessary to incubate the isolated cells for 12 h at 4 °C before functional analyses. Each of the two methodologies used has advantages and disadvantages. The hypotonic lysis allows to isolate a greater variety of leukocytes types whereas the density gradient used ensures a better stability of cells distributions over time. However, for the same fish species and for the same tissue, the method used to isolate leukocytes influences results and must be taken into consideration during acquired data analysis for evaluation of fish immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim C Samaï
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Damien Rioult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne/INERIS, Plateau Technique Mobile en Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne Bado-Nilles
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Laurence Delahaut
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Justine Jubréaux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et Biosurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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27
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Xing J, Xiao Y, Tang X, Sheng X, Zhan W. Inhibition of Cyclosporine A or rapamycin on T lymphocyte counts and the influence on the immune responses of B lymphocytes in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:78-85. [PMID: 28483552 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In acquired immunity, T lymphocytes regulate the immune responses of B lymphocytes, including the IgM+ B lymphocyte counts and antibody production. In this paper, Cyclosporine A (CsA) and Rapamycin (RaPa) were used, and their inhibition on T lymphocytes and immune responses of B lymphocytes in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated. Flounder was injected with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), a mixture of KLH and CsA (KLH + CsA), or a mixture of KLH and RaPa (KLH + RaPa). Then, the proportions of T and IgM+ B lymphocytes (PT and PB) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were analysed by flow cytometry (FCM), total antibodies (TA) and KLH specific antibodies (KA) in serum were measured by ELISA, and expression of 9 immune-related genes in the spleen and kidneys were determined using q-PCR. On the other hand, the PBL culture was treated with Concanavalin A (ConA), a mixture of ConA and CsA, and a mixture of ConA and RaPa. Then the PT and PB were measured, and the cell proliferation was examined using the MTT method. The results showed that the PT peaked on the 5th day in the KLH group, KLH + CsA group and KLH + RaPa group. The maximum inhibition rates (MIR) of CsA and RaPa were 27.44% ± 0.50% and 21.37% ± 2.06%, respectively. The PB peaked at the 5th week, and the MIR of CsA and RaPa were 44.51% ± 1.36% and 33.3% ± 0.65%, respectively. The KA and TA peaked at the 5th week. The MIR of CsA and RaPa on TA were 40.31% ± 1.59% and 32.96% ± 2.21%, respectively, and were 27.77% ± 2.02% and 23.41% ± 1.08% for KA, respectively. Nine immune-related genes had significantly lower expression in the KLH + CsA group and KLH + RaPa group compared to the KLH group. The proliferation of the PBL culture was inhibited by CsA or RaPa, and the inhibition rate of CsA and RaPa for PT was 18.14% ± 1.08% and 17.88% ± 1.02%, respectively, and the inhibition rates for PB were 3.03% ± 0.57% and 2.95% ± 0.53%, respectively. The results demonstrated that T lymphocytes counts were inhibited by CsA and RaPa, followed by suppression of IgM+ B lymphocytes and antibody production, which suggests that T lymphocytes regulate the immune response of B lymphocytes in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yue'e Xiao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao, PR China.
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28
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Priyadarshini SK, Subramani PA, Michael RD. Modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, Channa striata upon experimental infection with live and heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila. Open Vet J 2017; 7:157-164. [PMID: 28652983 PMCID: PMC5475240 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the innate immune mechanisms in fish serve as the first line of defence against wide variety of pathogens. In most of the situations, innate responses get induced and enhanced after the pathogen invasion. It would be interesting to look into the inducibility of various innate immune mechanisms and the level of enhancement after infection with the pathogen. Hence, in the present investigation, modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, Channa striata on experimental challenge with either live virulent or heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dose of 1x107 CFU (suspended in 0.2 mL PBS) were measured. Most of the non-specific (both humoral and cellular) immune responses tested were substantially induced or enhanced in both the experimental groups in comparison with the unchallenged control group. Significant increase in the lysozyme, total peroxidase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activities were observed after the pathogen challenge. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible though they are constitutive of fish immune system exhibiting a basal level of activity even in the absence of pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), VELS University, Chennai – 600117, India
| | - Rajamani Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), VELS University, Chennai – 600117, India
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29
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Picchietti S, Nuñez-Ortiz N, Stocchi V, Randelli E, Buonocore F, Guerra L, Scapigliati G. Evolution of lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin T of the teleost sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Quantitation of gene expressing and immunoreactive cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:40-52. [PMID: 28167252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin T (IgT) is one of the key effector molecules of jawed vertebrate's adaptive immune system, and in this work we describe the quantitative distribution of IgT-expressing and IgT-producing cells in tissues of the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax by using mRNA riboprobes and a specific anti-IgT antibody. A polyclonal antiserum (pAb) was prepared by immunizing rabbits with three synthetic peptides deduced from the full length IgT cDNA sequence and located in a surface-exposed CH3 domain of IgT constant region. The obtained antiserum, named RAIgT1, was able to recognize by ELISA immunization antigens and IgT from intestinal mucus and serum. In western blots of head kidney leukocytes lysates the antiserum recognized a 180 kDa polypeptide in non-reducing, and a 75 kDa peptide in reducing conditions. Interestingly, the RAIgT1 pAb crossreacted intensely in western blots with rainbow trout IgT purified from mucus and serum. Antisense mRNA IgT oligonucleotide sequences were employed in in situ hybridization to detect IgT-expressing cells in sections from lymphoid tissues, and positive cells were observed in head kidney, spleen, intestine and gills. By employing RAIgT1 in quantitative immunohistochemistry, the highest number of IgT-producing cells was observed in the gills (9.5 ± 0.7%), followed by intestine (8.4 ± 1.2%), head kidney (6.2 ± 1.4%), and spleen (4.1 ± 0.7%). Interestingly, the number of IgT-B cells showed a regionalization in the intestine, increasing from the proximal to the terminal part. By immunofluorescence and flow cytometry of live leukocytes, the percentages of RAIgT1 stained cells were 34 ± 11% in the intestine, 22 ± 5% in head kidney, 16 ± 7% in spleen, and 9 ± 5% in gills. At the fluorescence microscope, live cells from these tissues showed a typical membrane-associated positivity and a lymphocytic morphology, and no IgT/IgM double positive cells were detected. Immunoreactive cells have been purified from head kidney using magnetic beads, and IgT-enriched cells showed by RT-PCR an enhanced expression of the IgT gene, whereas IgT-depleted cells had an highest expression of IgM and TRβ genes. These data describe for the first time a quantitative panel of IgT-expressing and IgT-immunoreactive cells in tissues of a teleost fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picchietti
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - N Nuñez-Ortiz
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - V Stocchi
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - E Randelli
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - F Buonocore
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - L Guerra
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G Scapigliati
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy.
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30
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Tang X, Qin Y, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Characterization of CD3 + T lymphocytes of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its response after immunization with formalin-inactivated Edwardsiella tarda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:220-227. [PMID: 28232197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD3 complex is an important cell surface marker of T lymphocytes and essential for T lymphocytes activation in higher vertebrates. In the present work, the CD3ε of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was recombinantly expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and used as an immunogen to produce mouse anti-rCD3ε polyclonal antibodies, which could specifically recognize a 20 kDa protein in the membrane proteins of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of Japanese flounder by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Mass spectrometric analysis showed the 20 kDa protein was the native CD3ε of Japanese flounder. Both the flow cytometric analysis and double immunofluorescence assay (DIFA) showed that the CD3+ T lymphocytes could be identified specifically by the mouse anti-rCD3ε polyclonal antibodies, which didn't cross-react with the sIgM+ lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD3+ T lymphocytes could be detected in gill, skin, stomach, intestine, spleen, liver, head-kidney and mid-kidney. Flow cytometric analysis showed the percentages of CD3+ T lymphocytes in the PBL, spleen lymphocytes (SL) and head-kidney lymphocytes (HKL) of Japanese flounder increased rapidly after immunization with formalin-inactivated Edwardsiella tarda, and reached their peak levels at 5th day with 12.6%, 9.7% and 8.7%, respectively, and then decreased gradually. These results suggested that CD3+ T lymphocytes play important roles in mucosal and cell-mediated immunity, and the results would deepen our understanding on the roles of teleost T lymphocytes in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yinghui Qin
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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31
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Malagoli D, Ottaviani E. Cross-talk among immune and neuroendocrine systems in molluscs and other invertebrate models. Horm Behav 2017; 88:41-44. [PMID: 27984033 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The comparison between immune and neuroendocrine systems in vertebrates and invertebrates suggest an ancient origin and a high degree of conservation for the mechanisms underlying the integration between immune and stress responses. This suggests that in both vertebrates and invertebrates the stress response involves the integrated network of soluble mediators (e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones and cytokines) and cell functions (e.g., chemotaxis and phagocytosis), that interact with a common objective, i.e., the maintenance of body homeostasis. During evolution, several changes observed in the stress response of more complex taxa could be the result of new roles of ancestral molecules, such as ancient immune mediators may have been recruited as neurotransmitters and hormones, or vice versa. We review older and recent evidence suggesting that immune and neuro-endocrine functions during the stress response were deeply intertwined already at the dawn of multicellular organisms. These observations found relevant reflections in the demonstration that immune cells can transdifferentiate in olfactory neurons in crayfish and the recently re-proposed neural transdifferentiation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Enzo Ottaviani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Buonocore F, Bernini C, Coscia MR, Giacomelli S, de Pascale D, Randelli E, Stocchi V, Scapigliati G. Immune response of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii to immunization with Psychrobacter sp. (TAD1). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:192-198. [PMID: 27417227 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult Trematomus bernacchii have been immunized intraperitoneally with heat-killed cells of the Antarctic marine bacterium Psychrobacter sp. (TAD1) up to 60 days. After immunizations and sampling at various times, fish sera were tested for specific IgM by ELISA, and different tissues (head kidney and spleen) were investigated for transcription of master genes of the acquired immune response (IgM, IgT, TRβ, TRγ). Results from ELISA assays showed a time-dependent induction of specific serum anti-TAD1 IgM, and western blot analysis of TAD1 lysates probed with fish sera revealed enhanced immunoreactivity in immunized animals compared to controls. Quantitative PCR analysis of transcripts coding for IgM, IgT, TRβ, TRγ was performed in T. bernacchii tissues to assess basal expression, and then on cDNAs of cells from head kidney and spleen of fish injected for 8, 24, and 72 h with inactivated TAD1. The results showed a differential basal expression of transcripts in the examined tissues, and a time-dependent strong up-regulation of IgT, TRβ, TRγ genes upon in vivo stimulation with TAD1. These results represent a first in vivo study on the mounting of a specific immune response in an Antarctic teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonocore
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernini
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Coscia
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Giacomelli
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisa Randelli
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Stocchi
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Università della Tuscia, Dipartimento per l'Innovazione Biologica, Agroalimentare e Forestale, Viterbo, Italy.
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33
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Takizawa F, Magadan S, Parra D, Xu Z, Korytář T, Boudinot P, Sunyer JO. Novel Teleost CD4-Bearing Cell Populations Provide Insights into the Evolutionary Origins and Primordial Roles of CD4+ Lymphocytes and CD4+ Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4522-35. [PMID: 27183628 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetrapods contain a single CD4 coreceptor with four Ig domains that likely arose from a primordial two-domain ancestor. Notably, teleost fish contain two CD4 genes. Like tetrapod CD4, CD4-1 of rainbow trout includes four Ig domains, whereas CD4-2 contains only two. Because CD4-2 is reminiscent of the prototypic two-domain CD4 coreceptor, we hypothesized that by characterizing the cell types bearing CD4-1 and CD4-2, we would shed light into the evolution and primordial roles of CD4-bearing cells. Using newly established mAbs against CD4-1 and CD4-2, we identified two bona-fide CD4(+) T cell populations: a predominant lymphocyte population coexpressing surface CD4-1 and CD4-2 (CD4 double-positive [DP]), and a minor subset expressing only CD4-2 (CD4-2 single-positive [SP]). Although both subsets produced equivalent levels of Th1, Th17, and regulatory T cell cytokines upon bacterial infection, CD4-2 SP lymphocytes were less proliferative and displayed a more restricted TCRβ repertoire. These data suggest that CD4-2 SP cells represent a functionally distinct population and may embody a vestigial CD4(+) T cell subset, the roles of which reflect those of primeval CD4(+) T cells. Importantly, we also describe the first CD4(+) monocyte/macrophage population in a nonmammalian species. Of all myeloid subsets, we found the CD4(+) population to be the most phagocytic, whereas CD4(+) lymphocytes lacked this capacity. This study fills in an important gap in the knowledge of teleost CD4-bearing leukocytes, thus revealing critical insights into the evolutionary origins and primordial roles of CD4(+) lymphocytes and CD4(+) monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takizawa
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Susana Magadan
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - David Parra
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; and
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Tomáš Korytář
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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M. Jaafar R, Ohtani M, W. Kania P, Buchmann K. Correlation between Leukocyte Numbers and Body Size of Rainbow Trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/oji.2016.63011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Nur I, Abdelkhalek NK, Motobe S, Nakamura R, Tsujikura M, Somamoto T, Nakao M. Functional analysis of membrane-bound complement regulatory protein on T-cell immune response in ginbuna crucian carp. Mol Immunol 2015; 70:1-7. [PMID: 26688068 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complements have long been considered to be a pivotal component in innate immunity. Recent researches, however, highlight novel roles of complements in T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Membrane-bound complement regulatory protein CD46, a costimulatory protein for T cells, is a key molecule for T-cell immunomodulation. Teleost CD46-like molecule, termed Tecrem, has been newly identified in common carp and shown to function as a complement regulator. However, it remains unclear whether Tecrem is involved in T-cell immune response. We investigated Tecrem function related to T-cell responses in ginbuna crucian carp. Ginbuna Tecrem (gTecrem) proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation using anti-common carp Tecrem monoclonal antibody (mAb) and were ubiquitously expressed on blood cells including CD8α(+) and CD4(+) lymphocytes. gTecrem expression on leucocyte surface was enhanced after stimulation with the T-cell mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Coculture with the anti-Tecrem mAb significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting that cross-linking of Tecrems on T-cells interferes with a signal transduction pathway for T-cell activation. These findings indicate that Tecrem may act as a T-cell moderator and imply that the complement system in teleost, as well as mammals, plays an important role for linking adaptive and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indriyani Nur
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
| | - Nevien K Abdelkhalek
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, El-Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Shiori Motobe
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tsujikura
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tomonori Somamoto
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Miki Nakao
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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36
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Nuñez Ortiz N, Gerdol M, Stocchi V, Marozzi C, Randelli E, Bernini C, Buonocore F, Picchietti S, Papeschi C, Sood N, Pallavicini A, Scapigliati G. T cell transcripts and T cell activities in the gills of the teleost fish sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 47:309-318. [PMID: 25109574 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The gills of fish are a mucosal tissue that contains T cells involved in the recognition of non-self and pathogens, and in this work we describe some features of gill-associated T cells of European sea bass, a marine model species. A whole transcriptome was obtained by deep sequencing of RNA from unstimulated gills that has been analyzed for the presence of T cell-related transcripts. Of the putative expressed sequences identified in the transcriptome, around 30 were related to main functions related to T cells including Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cell subpopulations, thus suggesting their possible presence in the branchial epithelium. The number of T cells in the gills of sea bass, measured with the specific T cell mAb DLT15 range from 10% to 20%, and IHC analysis shows their abundance and distribution in the epithelium. Leukocytes from gills are able to proliferate in the presence of lectins ConA and PHA, as measured by flow cytometry using CFSE fluorescence incorporation, and during proliferation the number of T cells counted by immunofluorescence increased. In lectin-proliferating cells the expression of T cell-related genes TRβ, TRγ, CD4, CD8α, CD45 and IL-10 increased dramatically. Our data represent a first analysis on T cell genes and on basic T cell activities of fish gills, and suggest the presence of functionally active subpopulations of T lymphocytes in this tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bass/genetics
- Bass/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Concanavalin A/pharmacology
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gills/cytology
- Gills/immunology
- Gills/metabolism
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunophenotyping
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transcriptome/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nuñez Ortiz
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - M Gerdol
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Italy
| | - V Stocchi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - C Marozzi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - E Randelli
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - C Bernini
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - F Buonocore
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - S Picchietti
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - C Papeschi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - N Sood
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - A Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Italy
| | - G Scapigliati
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy.
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Rombout JHWM, Yang G, Kiron V. Adaptive immune responses at mucosal surfaces of teleost fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:634-43. [PMID: 25150451 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the extant knowledge on the teleostean mucosal adaptive immune mechanisms, which is relevant for the development of oral or mucosal vaccines. In the last decade, a number of studies have shed light on the presence of new key components of mucosal immunity: a distinct immunoglobulin class (IgT or IgZ) and the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). In addition, intestinal T cells and their putative functions, antigen uptake mechanisms at mucosal surfaces and new mucosal vaccination strategies have been reported. New information on pIgR of Atlantic cod and common carp and comparison of natural and specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the gut of common carp and European seabass, is also included in this review. Based on the known facts about intestinal immunology and mucosal vaccination, suggestions are made for the advancement of fish vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H W M Rombout
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049 Bodø, Norway; Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049 Bodø, Norway.
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Gratacap RL, Wheeler RT. Utilization of zebrafish for intravital study of eukaryotic pathogen-host interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:108-15. [PMID: 24491522 PMCID: PMC4028364 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Unique imaging tools and practical advantages have made zebrafish a popular model to investigate in vivo host-pathogen interactions. These studies have uncovered details of the mechanisms involved in several human infections. Until recently, studies using this versatile host were limited to viral and prokaryotic pathogens. Eukaryotic pathogens are a diverse group with a major impact on the human and fish populations. The relationships of eukaryote pathogens with their hosts are complex and many aspects remain obscure. The small and transparent zebrafish, with its conserved immune system and amenability to genetic manipulation, make it an exciting model for quantitative study of the core strategies of eukaryotic pathogens and their hosts. The only thing to do now is realize its potential for advancement of biomedical and aquaculture research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi L Gratacap
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Robert T Wheeler
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States.
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39
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Rauta PR, Samanta M, Dash HR, Nayak B, Das S. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in aquatic animals: Signaling pathways, expressions and immune responses. Immunol Lett 2014; 158:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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