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Moreira E Moraes RU, Abreu MAP, Frazão MCA, Ferreira PVC, Bauer J, Carvalho CN, Carvalho EM. Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporation on the Mechanical Properties of a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2401. [PMID: 39274034 PMCID: PMC11396858 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). A commercial RMGIC (Resiglass R, Biodinâmica) was modified by incorporating 0.1% and 0.5% (by weight) of GO into the powder's material. An unmodified RMGIC was used as a control group. Powder samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Specimens were fabricated and subjected to flexural strength (n = 15), modulus of elasticity (n = 15), Vicker's microhardness (n = 10), and surface roughness tests (n = 10). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 5%). Experimental groups' powder demonstrated a homogeneous dispersion of GO. No statistically significant difference was observed in flexural strength (p = 0.067) and modulus of elasticity (p = 0.143) tests. The groups containing 0.1% and 0.5% GO showed significantly higher microhardness and lower surface roughness values (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The incorporation of GO nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% improved the microhardness and surface roughness without negatively affecting the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of an RMGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayara Cristina Abas Frazão
- Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Campos Ferreira
- Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - José Bauer
- Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Ceci Nunes Carvalho
- Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Edilausson Moreno Carvalho
- Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
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Sharafeddin F, Shirani MM, Jowkar Z. Assessing the Impact of Nano-Graphene Oxide Addition on Surface Microhardness and Roughness of Glass Ionomer Cements: A Laboratory Study. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:5597367. [PMID: 38962728 PMCID: PMC11221947 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5597367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomaterials, including nano-graphene oxide (nGO), have emerged as promising modifiers for dental materials. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of incorporating nGO into conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on surface roughness and hardness. Methods Sixty disk-shaped specimens (2 × 6 mm) were divided into six groups: CGIC, RMGIC, CGIC with 1 wt.% nGO, CGIC with 2 wt.% nGO, RMGIC with 1 wt.% nGO, and RMGIC with 2 wt.% nGO. Surface roughness (Ra) and Vickers microhardness (VHN) were measured using a surface profilometer and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. Statistical analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p <0.05). Results The microhardness of RMGICs significantly increased with 1% and 2% nGO (p=0.017, P=0.001, respectively), while CGICs showed a significant decrease in VHN with nGO incorporation (p=0.001). VHN values of all CGIC groups were significantly higher than those of all RMGIC groups (p=0.001). Mean surface roughness values for all CGICs were significantly higher than those of RMGIC groups (p=0.001). Within the RMGIC groups, mean Ra values of RMGIC + 1 wt.% nGO and RMGIC + 2 wt.% nGO groups decreased significantly compared to the RMGIC control group (p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Among CGIC groups, mean Ra values of 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% nGO/CGIC groups were significantly higher than the CGIC control group (p=0.016, p=0.001). Conclusion Incorporating nGO into RMGICs increased surface microhardness while reducing surface roughness, offering potential advantages for clinical applications. Conversely, adding nGO to CGICs increased surface roughness and decreased surface hardness. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of utilizing nGO in RMGICs and their implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials Research CenterSchool of DentistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Jowkar
- Department of Operative DentistrySchool of DentistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Aboelwafa MR, Shaheen SD. Microhardness, Surface Roughness, and Wear Resistance Enhancement of Reinforced Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Using Fluorinated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759994 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been considered the most prevalent restorative material however; the reduced mechanical qualities and decreased wear resistance have been the main challenges facing their wide clinical application. This study was designed to assess the mechanical properties of fluorinated graphene (FG) oxide-modified conventional GIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Composites of FG/GIC samples were prepared using (Medifil from PROMEDICA, Germany, shade A3) at different concentrations (0wt%) control group and (1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% FG) groups using cylindrical molds (3mm × 6mm). FG was prepared using hydrothermal technique and characterized using XPERT-PRO Powder Diffractometer system for X-ray diffraction analysis and JEOL JEM-2100 high resolution transmission electron microscope. Vickers' hardness and wear resistance of GI samples were measured. Mechanical abrasion was performed via three-body tooth brushing wear test using ROBOTA chewing simulator coupled with a thermocycling protocol (Model ACH-09075DC-T, AD-Tech Technology Co., Ltd., Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Comparisons between groups with respect to normally distributed numeric variables were performed using one-way analysis of variance test followed by posthoc test. While paired t-test was utilized for comparing data within the same group. RESULTS The surface roughness values of GICs (1wt% FG) and (2wt% FG) composites were significantly lower than those of the control and 3wt%FG groups. Vickers' hardness numbers were significantly higher in FG/GICs composites than in the control group (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION GIC/FG combinations have sufficient strength to resist the occlusion stresses with improved hardness as compared with conventional GIC. GIC/FG appeared to be a promising restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona R Aboelwafa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sarah D Shaheen
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Surgery, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
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Hussein AH, Yassir YA. Graphene as a promising material in orthodontics: A review. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:24. [PMID: 38784078 PMCID: PMC11114461 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene is an extraordinary material with unique mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Additionally, it boasts high surface area and antimicrobial properties, making it an attractive option for researchers exploring innovative materials for biomedical applications. Although there have been various studies on graphene applications in different biomedical fields, limited reviews have been conducted on its use in dentistry, and no reviews have focused on its application in the orthodontic field. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of graphene-based materials, with an emphasis on their antibacterial mechanisms and the factors that influence these properties. Additionally, the review summarizes the dental applications of graphene, spotlighting the studies of its orthodontic application as they can be used to enhance the antibacterial and mechanical properties of orthodontic materials such as adhesives, archwires, and splints. Also, they can be utilized to enhance bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. An electronic search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library digital database platforms using graphene and orthodontics as keywords. The search was restricted to English language publications without a time limit. This review highlights the need for further laboratory and clinical research using graphene-based materials to improve the properties of orthodontic materials to make them available for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf H. Hussein
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yassir A. Yassir
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, UK
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Piyush G, Kalyan SS, Aparna UP, Khyati G, Basawaraj B. Effects of novel additives on the mechanical and Biological properties of glass ionomer cement: An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:503-507. [PMID: 38939535 PMCID: PMC11205172 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_81_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the efficacy of incorporated novel additives in Glass Ionomer Cement to ameliorate biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Introduction Though Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) has multiple advantages, it is not strong enough for medical applications, and its biocompatibility is questionable. To improve biocompatibility and its mechanical properties, a study was performed to investigate the potential benefits of adding graphene, carbon nanotubes, hydroxyapatite, and bioactive glass to GIC. The objective was to enhance both the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of GIC. Material and Method Modified Glass Ionomer Cement was prepared by creating five groups. Hydroxyapatite, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and bioactive glass were incorporated in a 10:1 weight ratio, respectively. Group 5 was designated as the control group and used Fuji Type II GIC. After preparing 90 samples, they were kept in deionized water for a day and then evaluated their compressive strength, microhardness, and diametral tensile strength, and also checked their in vitro cytotoxicity by direct contact with L929 mammalian fibroblast cells. Statistical Analysis The data were examined using mean and standard deviation descriptive statistics. The comparative evaluation was done via Tukey HSD test and one-way ANOVA using S.P.S.S. software. Result It showed that Group 3 had better results in compressive strength (144.478+- 3.989), diametral tensile strength (20.29+- 0.8601), and microhardness (131+-3.536) when compared with other groups while in the biocompatibility (viability %) Group 1 [82.55], Group 3 [76.49], Group 4 [87.63], while Group 2[58.02]. Conclusion Group 3 has better physical properties in microhardness, diametral tensile strength, and compressive strength, than the other groups. In Biocompatibility, Group 1, Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5 were noncytotoxic at the same time multi-walled carbon nanotubes group (Group 2) had cytotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gupta Piyush
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, BhaBha Dental College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S. Sai Kalyan
- Director, Prevest Research Institute, Prevest Denpro Limited, Jammu, India
| | - U. Palekar Aparna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rural Dental College, PIMS loni, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gupta Khyati
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIHER, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Biradar Basawaraj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rural Dental College, PIMS loni, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Sindi AM. Applications of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in advanced dental materials and therapies. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:403-421. [PMID: 38405382 PMCID: PMC10885788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The graphene family of nanomaterials acquired significant attention in the field of dentistry due to a range of interesting properties. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are the major graphene derivatives that are widely used in dental applications. These derivatives exhibit excellent mechanical properties, superior biocompatibility, good antibacterial properties, extreme chemical stability, and favorable tribological characteristics, thus representing highly materials for dentistry. The amphiphilic nature of GO allows covalent and noncovalent modifications that are favorable for biomedical applications. Graphene can influence the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and enhance the properties of other biomaterials. Here, we review the dental applications of GO or rGO with regards to antimicrobial activity, therapeutic drug delivery, restorative dentistry, implants, pulp regeneration, bone regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration, biosensors, and tooth whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M. Sindi
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Bian C, Guo Y, Zhu M, Liu M, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Masri R, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y, Zhang N. New generation of orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities to improve enamel demineralization. J Dent 2024; 142:104844. [PMID: 38253119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The article reviewed novel orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities in recent years and elaborated on their properties, aiming to provide guidance and reference for future scientific research and clinical applications. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Researches on remineralization, protein repellent, antimicrobial activity and multifunctional novel bioactive orthodontic devices and materials were included. The search of articles was carried out in Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Scopus. CONCLUSIONS The new generation of orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities has broad application prospects. However, most of the current studies are limited to in vitro studies and cannot explore the true effects of various bioactive devices and materials applied in oral environments. More research, especially in vivo researches, is needed to assist in clinical application. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Enamel demineralization (ED) is a common complication in orthodontic treatments. Prolonged ED can lead to dental caries, impacting both the aesthetics and health of teeth. It is of great significance to develop antibacterial orthodontic devices and materials that can inhibit bacterial accumulation and prevent ED. However, materials with only preventive effect may fall short of addressing actual needs. Hence, the development of novel bioactive orthodontic materials with remineralizing abilities is imperative. The article reviewed the recent advancements in bioactive orthodontic devices and materials, offering guidance and serving as a reference for future scientific research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Bian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiman Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Roma M, Hegde S. Implications of graphene-based materials in dentistry: present and future. Front Chem 2024; 11:1308948. [PMID: 38495056 PMCID: PMC10941955 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1308948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of nanoscience, nanobiomaterials have been applied in the dental industry. Graphene and its derivatives have attracted the most interest of all of them due to their exceptional look, biocompatibility, multiplication differential, and antibacterial capabilities. We outlined the most recent developments about their applications to dentistry in our review. There is discussion of the synthesis processes, architectures, and characteristics of materials based on graphene. The implications of graphene and its counterparts are then meticulously gathered and described. Finally, in an effort to inspire more excellent research, this paper explores the obstacles and potential of graphene-based nanomaterials for dental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Roma
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreya Hegde
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Sharafeddin F, Ghodrati P. Evaluation of the Effect of Nanographene Oxide on Microleakage of Conventional and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8853495. [PMID: 38021348 PMCID: PMC10653959 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8853495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives One of the important features of the restorative materials is the ability to seal and prevent the microleakage. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) still exhibits some microleakage despite establishing a chemical bond to the tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanographene oxide (nGO) on the microleakage of conventional (CGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). Methods Thirty intact extracted molars were used. Class V cavities were prepared on their buccal and lingual surfaces. The samples randomly divided into two main groups of CGIC and RMGIC; each of them was randomly subdivided into three subgroups, including the group without nGO (control), the group with 1% nGO, and the group with 2% nGO. After restoring the cavities, they were subjected to thermocycling (1,000 cycles at 5/55°C). Two percent basic fuchsin solution was used to perform the microleakage test, and then the sectioned samples were examined by a stereomicroscope 40x. Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data (P < 0.05). Results Group CGIC + 1% nGO at the gingival margin and group RMGIC + 1% nGO at both gingival and occlusal margins had significantly less microleakage than their control groups (P=0.008, P=0.002, P=0.023, respectively). Also, in these two groups, there were no significant differences between the microleakage of the occlusal and gingival margins (P=0.132, P=0.511, respectively), while in all other groups, the gingival microleakage was significantly higher than that of occlusal microleakage. Conclusions The addition of 1% nGO significantly reduced the gingival microleakage of CGIC and the occlusal and the gingival microleakage of RMGIC, while the addition of 2% nGO did not cause a significant reduction in microleakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghodrati
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ghodrati P, Sharafeddin F. Evaluation of the effect of nano-graphene oxide on shear bond strength of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:851-858. [PMID: 37737558 PMCID: PMC10582219 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, nano-graphene oxide (nGO), a material with unique mechanical properties, has been introduced to improve the properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding nGO on the shear bond strength (SBS) of conventional (CGIC) and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC). METHODS Sixty intact molars were mounted and their occlusal surface was cut at a depth of 1 mm below the dentinoenamel junction. 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% of nGO (US Research Nanomaterials, Inc.) were added to CGIC and RMGIC (GC Corporation). The samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10), including 1: CGIC, 2: CGIC + 1% GO, 3: CGIC + 2% GO, 4: RMGIC, 5: RMGIC + 1% GO, and 6: RMGIC + 2% GO. Plastic molds were placed on the surface of the dentin pretreated with 10% polyacrylic acid (GC Corporation) and filled with prepared cement according to the manufacturer's instruction. After 24 h of storage in an incubator, the SBS test was done by the universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests (p < .05). RESULTS In the group of CGIC, mean SBS was significantly lower than all other study groups (p < .001), and groups 5 (RMGIC + 1% GO) and 6 (RMGIC + 2% GO) showed significantly higher values compared to all other study groups (p < .001). However, the difference between groups 2 and 3, as well as the difference between groups 5 and 6, was not significant (p = .999 andp = .994, respectively). RMGI groups had significantly higher SBS than their corresponding CGIC groups. CONCLUSIONS The addition of 1% and 2% nGO significantly increased the SBS of CGIC and RMGIC to the dentin, which can be considered as a promising point for wider clinical application of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghodrati
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterials Research Center, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Apostu AM, Sufaru IG, Tanculescu O, Stoleriu S, Doloca A, Ciocan Pendefunda AA, Solomon SM. Can Graphene Pave the Way to Successful Periodontal and Dental Prosthetic Treatments? A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2354. [PMID: 37760795 PMCID: PMC10525677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene, as a promising material, holds the potential to significantly enhance the field of dental practices. Incorporating graphene into dental materials imparts enhanced strength and durability, while graphene-based nanocomposites offer the prospect of innovative solutions such as antimicrobial dental implants or scaffolds. Ongoing research into graphene-based dental adhesives and composites also suggests their capacity to improve the quality and reliability of dental restorations. This narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the application of graphene derivatives in the dental domain, with a particular focus on their application in prosthodontics and periodontics. It is important to acknowledge that further research and development are imperative to fully explore the potential of graphene and ensure its safe use in dental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Mihaela Apostu
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Tanculescu
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Doloca
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alice Arina Ciocan Pendefunda
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorina Mihaela Solomon
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Olczak K, Jakubowski W, Szymański W. Bactericidal Activity of Graphene Oxide Tests for Selected Microorganisms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114199. [PMID: 37297332 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal potential of graphene oxide (GO) in contact with four species of bacteria: E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. Bacterial cell suspensions of each species were incubated in a medium containing GO, with incubation times of 5, 10, 30 and 60 min, at final concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of GO was evaluated using live/dead staining. The results were recorded using a BD Accuri C6 flow cytofluorimeter. Obtained data were analyzed using BD CSampler software. A significant bacteria viability reduction was noted in all GO-containing samples. The antibacterial properties of GO were strongly influenced by GO concentration and incubation time. The highest bactericidal activity was observed at concentrations of 300 and 500 μg/mL for all incubation times (5, 10, 30 and 60 min). The highest antimicrobial potential was observed for E. coli: after 60 min, the mortality rate was 94% at 300 µg/mL GO and 96% at 500 µg/mL GO; the lowest was found for S. aureus-49% (300 µg/mL) and 55% (500 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Olczak
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Jakubowski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Szymański
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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13
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Sari F, Ugurlu M. Reinforcement of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement with glass fiber and graphene oxide. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105850. [PMID: 37068435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of adding glass fiber and graphene oxide to a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). METHODS Experimental RMGICs were prepared by adding separately and simultaneously glass fibers (5, 10, and 20 wt%) and graphene oxide (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to the powder of RMGIC with different ratios. The samples were examined under SEM and XRD. The surface roughness, flexural strength, Vickers microhardness, water sorption, and solubility were investigated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS Adding fiber and graphene oxide to RMCIS increased the surface roughness, flexural strength, and microhardness. The highest surface roughness value was obtained in the 20% fiber+5% graphene oxide adding group and the lowest in the control group (p < 0.05). The highest microhardness and flexural strength values were acquired in the 20% fiber-adding group and the lowest in the control group (p < 0.05). 10% and 20% fiber addition increased water sorption and solubility (p < 0.05). Adding 3%, 5% graphene oxide, and 20% fiber+5% graphene oxide reduced water sorption (p < 0.05). The highest water sorption was found in the 20% fiber-adding group and the lowest in the 5% graphene oxide and %20 fiber+5% graphene oxide-adding groups (p < 0.05). Graphene oxide alone and together with fiber did not affect the solubility (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results show that reinforcement of RMGIC with glass fiber and graphene oxide may improve the mechanical properties. But the glass fibers may cause more water sorption and solubility. Graphene oxide may decrease water sorption of RMGIC and fiber-reinforced RMGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmanur Sari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Ugurlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey.
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14
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Arafa SK, Sherief DI, Nassif MS. Effect of aging on mechanical and antibacterial properties of fluorinated graphene reinforced glass ionomer: In vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105803. [PMID: 37031564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study: 1) aims to test the mechanical and antibacterial properties of fluorinated graphene strengthened glass ionomer materials (FG/GICs); 2) aims to investigate the effects of thermo-cycling on (FG/GICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorinated graphene (FG) with bright white color was prepared from fluorinated graphite (SIGMA Aldrich), using modified Hummer's method, to be added to conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). In addition to a control group (group 1), experimentally modified GICs were prepared by adding FG to the conventional glass ionomer powder with three different weight ratios; (group 2, 1 wt %; group 3, 2.5 wt %; and group 4, 5 wt %) using mechanical blending method. Experimental groups of the specimens (n = 240) were divided, for each concentration (n = 120) half of the specimens were subjected to thermo-cycling. Hardness, compressive strength, and antibacterial activity of (FG/GICs) were measured with and without thermo-cycling. Compressive strength was measured by a universal testing machine, hardness was measured using a Vickers micro-hardness tester, and antibacterial effects against staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus mutans were tested by the pellicle sticking method. For statistical analysis, numerical data were explored for normality and variance homogeneity using Shapiro-Wilk and Leven's tests respectively. RESULTS The prepared (FG/GICs) showed an increase in hardness in group 4 (p < 0.001). Groups 3 and 4 gave the highest compressive strength values with no significant difference between them (p < 0.001). Groups 2, 3, and 4 showed improved antibacterial activity with no statistical difference between them (p > 0.001). Results after thermo-cycling showed significantly decreased hardness, and compressive strength values (p < 0.001), however, the results of antibacterial activity against streptococcus mutans showed no statistical difference after thermo-cycling (group 2, p = 0.05; group 3, p = 0.18; group 4, p = 0.26). The same results were observed for antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.92, p = 0.14, and p = 0.48 respectively). CONCLUSION FG can be considered a promising additive to GICs to promote its anti-cariogenic effects, however, these antibacterial effects are only useful in the short term, as aging adversely affected their mechanical properties. The 2.5 wt % FG/GICs is suggested to be the most encouraging, as after aging, it represented the highest compressive strength among all groups, while its hardness values were at least comparable to that of conventional glass ionomer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE FG/GICs can be considered an anti-cariogenic restoration in temporary restorative interventions, as in certain cases in deciduous teeth where considerable esthetics may be required, especially those with difficult moisture control, where neither resin composite restorations nor amalgam restorations will be indicated. It can also be used for patients with high caries index or in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in low-income countries.
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15
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Jeong E, Jung S, Shin HS. Fluorine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-TiO 2 nanocomposites: A new application approach for efficient photocatalytic disinfection and algicidal effect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120974. [PMID: 36586555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using surface functionalization and related applications to 2D materials as innovative solutions to environmental pollution has gained considerable attention among researchers. Fluorinated graphene has derivative-based synergistic components with high thermal and chemical stability because of its structure and bonding. Fluorine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rFGO-TiO2) demonstrated enhanced hydrophilicity and wettability, highly efficient photocatalytic disinfection, and an algicidal effect. This study presents the hydrothermal synthesis of rFGO-TiO2 to realize antibacterial properties with high stability, which was conducted against the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. To optimize antibacterial performance, the effects of multiple synthetic conditions were investigated. The antibacterial performance was optimized at an rFGO content of 1 wt%, hydrothermal temperature of 200 °C, and hydrothermal time of 1 h. The rFGO-TiO2 composite demonstrated an antibacterial efficiency of 5.76 log under ultraviolet A irradiation for 10 min and around 2 log under visible light. In the absence of light, rFGO-TiO2 took 6 h to reach an antibacterial efficiency of 6 log. Increasing the rFGO content and hydrothermal temperature beyond the optimal conditions reduced the antibacterial efficiency because of the excess rFGO and disruption of rFGO-TiO2 binding. Measurements with electron spin resonance spectroscopy confirmed that hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions caused stress and damaged the membrane of a cell, which led to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhoo Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Gongneung-to, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Seokho Jung
- Department of Corporate Support, Healthcare & Spa Industry Promotion Agency, Asan, 31471, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Gongneung-to, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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16
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Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticle Graphene Oxide on Flexural Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8183167. [PMID: 36756382 PMCID: PMC9902112 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8183167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Glass ionomer (GIC) is a widely used restorative material in dentistry, but it has relatively weak mechanical properties. In this research, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the flexural strength of GIC was investigated. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 60 GIC samples in 6 groups of 10 were prepared, including Group 1: control conventional glass ionomer (CGIC), Group 2: CGIC + 1% wt of GO, Group 3: CGIC + 2% wt of GO, Group 4: control resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), Group 5: RMGI + 1% wt of GO, and Group 6: RMGI + 2% wt of GO. The samples were kept for 24 hours. The flexural strength of the samples was measured by using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey test. (P < 0.05). Results In the RMGI groups, the mean flexural strength value of the RMGI + 2% GO group was significantly higher than that of the RMGI control group (P=0.027). In the comparison of RMGI groups with their corresponding CGIC groups, the mean flexural strength values of all RMGI groups were significantly more than CGIC groups (P < 0.001). RMGI + 1% GO was not significantly different from control RMGI and RMGI + 2% GO (P=0.802, P=0.395, respectively). There was no significant difference between CGIC groups. Conclusion Adding 2% by weight of GO to RMGI increases the flexural strength of RMGI, which could be of great importance in clinical practice in order to reinforce the mechanical properties of this dental material. The flexural strength of RMGI is higher than that of CGIC.
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17
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Erdinc G. Graphene on dentistry: A bibliometric and scientometric analysis. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:65-72. [PMID: 36751826 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_246_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Today, the development of dental materials is a very important issue. Graphene has been used in dentistry to strengthen many materials. Aim The aim of this study was to analyze leading countries and to identify the preferred journals, the most commonly used keywords, and the most productive authors in the field of graphene. Materials and Methods The search keyword was "graphene" on the Web of Science database; the search was restricted to before 2022. The selected search from the Web of Science database included the title of articles, authors, year of publication, country, citation count, and keywords. An analysis was performed regarding citations and documents, authors, journals, and keywords using a bibliometric software program. All articles were evaluated and subjected to scientometric analysis. Results Twenty six articles were included in the study. There has been a remarkable increase in published articles from past to present, and a regular increase is observed in the number of citations. Dental Materials has highest number of publications among the articles included in the present study. Dr. Rosa, who had the highest number of citations, is also the most effective author. Graphene has many studies in dentistry with different materials. As per the data obtained, graphene, graphene oxide, and peri-implantitis are the most used keywords and Singapore and China are at the forefront of the countries where the articles are published. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis reveals the progress and trend of research on graphene in dentistry and extensive collaborations between authors, countries, and institutions. The findings of this study can help inspire researchers to plan new studies and collaborate on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Erdinc
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
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18
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Baldissara P, Silvestri D, Pieri GM, Mazzitelli C, Arena A, Maravic T, Monaco C. Effect of Fluorographene Addition on Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of a New Core Build-Up Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235301. [PMID: 36501696 PMCID: PMC9737195 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop a restorative material having such mechanical and adhesive properties that it can be used both as a reconstruction material and as a luting cement. The experimental core build-up composite (CBC) was derived from a self-adhesive cement by the modification of its chemical formula, requiring the use of dedicated dentin and ceramic primers. The adhesive properties to zirconia and dentin were analyzed with a micro-Shear Bond Strength test (mSBS). The mechanical properties were analyzed by a flexural strength test. The results were compared with those obtained for other commercially available cements and core build-up materials, both before and after addition of 2 wt.% fluorographene. The CBC obtained average values in the mSBS of 49.7 ± 4.74 MPa for zirconia and 32.2 ± 4.9 MPa for dentin, as well as values of 110.9 ± 9.3 MPa for flexural strength and 6170.8 ± 703.2 MPa for Young's modulus. The addition of fluorographene, while increasing the Young's modulus of the core build-up composite by 10%, did not improve the adhesive capabilities of the primers and cement on either zirconia or dentin. The CBC showed adhesive and mechanical properties adequate both for a restoration material and a luting cement. The addition of 2 wt.% fluorographene was shown to interfere with the polymerization reaction of the material, suggesting the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Baldissara
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Davide Silvestri
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Interest, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Giovanni Maria Pieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Arena
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Interest, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Monaco
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Interest, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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19
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Xu VW, Nizami MZI, Yin IX, Lung CYK, Yu OY, Chu CH. Caries Management with Non-Metallic Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5809-5824. [PMID: 36474525 PMCID: PMC9719741 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s389038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-metallic nanomaterials do not stain enamel or dentin. Most have better biocompatibility than metallic nanomaterials do for management of dental caries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to review the types, properties and potential uses of non-metallic nanomaterials systematically for managing dental caries. METHODS Two researchers independently performed a literature search of publications in English using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The keywords used were (nanoparticles OR nanocomposites OR nanomaterials) AND (caries OR tooth decay). They screened the titles and abstracts to identify potentially eligible publications of original research reporting non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management. Then, they retrieved and studied the full text of the identified publications for inclusion in this study. RESULTS Out of 2497 resulting publications, this study included 75 of those. The non-metallic nanomaterials used in these publications were categorized as biological organic nanomaterials (n=45), synthetic organic nanomaterials (n=15), carbon-based nanomaterials (n=13) and selenium nanomaterials (n=2). They inhibited bacteria growth and/or promoted remineralization. They could be incorporated in topical agents (29/75, 39%), dental adhesives (11/75, 15%), restorative fillers (4/75, 5%), dental sealant (3/75, 4%), oral drugs (3/75, 4%), toothpastes (2/75, 3%) and functional candies (1/75, 1%). Other publications (22/75, 29%) do not mention specific applications. However, most publications (67/75, 89%) were in vitro studies. Six publications (6/75, 8%) were animal studies, and only two publications (2/75, 3%) were clinical studies. CONCLUSION The literature showed non-metallic nanomaterials have antibacterial and/or remineralising properties. The most common type of non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management is organic nanomaterials. Non-metallic nanomaterials can be incorporated into dental sealants, toothpaste, dental adhesives, topical agents and even candies and drugs. However, the majority of the publications are in vitro studies, and only two publications are clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Wenqing Xu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christie Ying Kei Lung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Bompolaki D, Lubisich EB, Fugolin AP. Resin-Based Composites for Direct and Indirect Restorations: Clinical Applications, Recent Advances, and Future Trends. Dent Clin North Am 2022; 66:517-536. [PMID: 36216444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous advancements in resin-based composites can make selection of the appropriate system a daunting task for the clinician. This review aims to simplify this process and clarify some new or controversial topics. Various types of composites for direct and indirect applications are discussed, including microfilled and microhybrid composites, nanocomposites, single shade, bulk fill, fiber-reinforced, high temperature/high pressure processed, CAD/CAM, and three-dimensional printable composites. Recent material advancements that lead to improved seal and toughness, degradation resistance, antimicrobial and self-healing capabilities are presented. Future directions are highlighted, such as the development of "smart" materials that are able to interact with the host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Bompolaki
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | - Erinne Bissonnette Lubisich
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ana Paula Fugolin
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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21
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Nizami MZI, Yin IX, Lung CYK, Niu JY, Mei ML, Chu CH. In Vitro Studies of Graphene for Management of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease: A Concise Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101997. [PMID: 36297434 PMCID: PMC9611330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a single-layer two-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial. It presents as a thin and strong material that has attracted many researchers’ attention. This study provides a concise review of the potential application of graphene materials in caries and periodontal disease management. Pristine or functionalized graphene and its derivatives exhibit favorable physicochemical, mechanical, and morphological properties applicable to biomedical applications. They can be activated and functionalized with metal and metal nanoparticles, polymers, and other small molecules to exhibit multi-differentiation activities, antimicrobial activities, and biocompatibility. They were investigated in preventive dentistry and regenerative dentistry. Graphene materials such as graphene oxide inhibit cariogenic microbes such as Streptococcus mutans. They also inhibit periodontal pathogens that are responsible for periodontitis and root canal infection. Graphene-fluorine promotes enamel and dentin mineralization. These materials were also broadly studied in regenerative dental research, such as dental hard and soft tissue regeneration, as well as periodontal tissue and bone regeneration. Graphene oxide-based materials, such as graphene oxide-fibroin, were reported as promising in tissue engineering for their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and ability to enhance cell proliferation properties in periodontal ligament stem cells. Laboratory research showed that graphene can be used exclusively or by incorporating it into existing dental materials. The success of laboratory studies can translate the application of graphene into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | | | - John Yun Niu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Salmerón-Valdés EN, Cruz-Mondragón AC, Toral-Rizo VH, Jiménez-Rojas LV, Correa-Prado R, Lara-Carrillo E, Morales-Valenzuela AA, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, López-Flores AI, Hoz-Rodriguez L, Velásquez-Enríquez U. Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Effect on Mono-Strain of Streptococcus mutans of Orthodontic Cements Reinforced with Chlorhexidine-Modified Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12172891. [PMID: 36079929 PMCID: PMC9457761 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have introduced nanotechnology into the area of dental materials with the aim of improving their properties. The objective of this study is to determine the antibacterial and mechanical properties of type I glass ionomers reinforced with halloysite nanotubes modified with 2% chlorhexidine at concentrations of 5% and 10% relative to the total weight of the powder used to construct each sample. Regarding antibacterial effect, 200 samples were established and distributed into four experimental groups and six control groups (4 +ve and 2 -ve), with 20 samples each. The mechanical properties were evaluated in 270 samples, assessing microhardness (30 samples), compressive strength (120 samples), and setting time (120 samples). The groups were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the antibacterial activity of the ionomers was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans for 24 h. The control and positive control groups showed no antibacterial effect, while the experimental group with 5% concentration showed a zone of growth inhibition between 11.35 mm and 11.45 mm, and the group with 10% concentration showed a zone of growth inhibition between 12.50 mm and 13.20 mm. Statistical differences were observed between the experimental groups with 5% and 10% nanotubes. Regarding the mechanical properties, microhardness, and setting time, no statistical difference was found when compared with control groups, while compressive strength showed higher significant values, with ionomers modified with 10% concentration of nanotubes resulting in better compressive strength values. The incorporation of nanotubes at concentrations of 5% and 10% effectively inhibited the presence of S. mutans, particularly when the dose-response relationship was taken into account, with the advantage of maintaining and improving their mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Nahum Salmerón-Valdés
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Cruz-Mondragón
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Toral-Rizo
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | | | - Rodrigo Correa-Prado
- Center for Applied Physics and Advanced Technology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, A.P. 1-1010, Queretaro 76000, Mexico
| | - Edith Lara-Carrillo
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Adriana Alejandra Morales-Valenzuela
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Itzel López-Flores
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Lia Hoz-Rodriguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ulises Velásquez-Enríquez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca 50130, Mexico
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23
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Functional nanomaterials and their potentials in antibacterial treatment of dental caries. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Marian M, Berman D, Nečas D, Emani N, Ruggiero A, Rosenkranz A. Roadmap for 2D materials in biotribological/biomedical applications – A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Liu C, Tan D, Chen X, Liao J, Wu L. Research on Graphene and Its Derivatives in Oral Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094737. [PMID: 35563128 PMCID: PMC9104291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases present a global public health problem that imposes heavy financial burdens on individuals and health-care systems. Most oral health conditions can be treated in their early stage. Even if the early symptoms of oral diseases do not seem to cause significant discomfort, prompt treatment is essential for preventing their progression. Biomaterials with superior properties enable dental therapies with applications in restoration, therapeutic drug/protein delivery, and tissue regeneration. Graphene nanomaterials have many unique mechanical and physiochemical properties and can respond to the complex oral microenvironment, which includes oral microbiota colonization and high masticatory force. Research on graphene nanomaterials in dentistry, especially in caries, periodontitis therapy, and implant coatings, is progressing rapidly. Here, we review the development of graphene and its derivatives for dental disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Leng Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.W.)
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Li X, Liang X, Wang Y, Wang D, Teng M, Xu H, Zhao B, Han L. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Dental Applications: Principles, Current Advances, and Future Outlook. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:804201. [PMID: 35360406 PMCID: PMC8961302 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.804201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been used in dental fields over the past years. Among them, graphene and its derivatives have attracted great attentions, owing to their excellent physicochemical property, morphology, biocompatibility, multi-differentiation activity, and antimicrobial activity. In our review, we summarized the recent progress about their applications on the dentistry. The synthesis methods, structures, and properties of graphene-based materials are discussed. Then, the dental applications of graphene-based materials are emphatically collected and described. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of graphene-based nanomaterials on the dental applications are discussed in this paper, aiming at inspiring more excellent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Liang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dashan Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minhua Teng
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baodong Zhao
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Baodong Zhao, ; Lei Han,
| | - Lei Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Baodong Zhao, ; Lei Han,
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Zhang C, Yan K, Fu C, Peng H, Hawker CJ, Whittaker AK. Biological Utility of Fluorinated Compounds: from Materials Design to Molecular Imaging, Therapeutics and Environmental Remediation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:167-208. [PMID: 34609131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The applications of fluorinated molecules in bioengineering and nanotechnology are expanding rapidly with the controlled introduction of fluorine being broadly studied due to the unique properties of C-F bonds. This review will focus on the design and utility of C-F containing materials in imaging, therapeutics, and environmental applications with a central theme being the importance of controlling fluorine-fluorine interactions and understanding how such interactions impact biological behavior. Low natural abundance of fluorine is shown to provide sensitivity and background advantages for imaging and detection of a variety of diseases with 19F magnetic resonance imaging, 18F positron emission tomography and ultrasound discussed as illustrative examples. The presence of C-F bonds can also be used to tailor membrane permeability and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and delivery agents for enhanced cell uptake and therapeutics. A key message of this review is that while the promise of C-F containing materials is significant, a subset of highly fluorinated compounds such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been identified as posing a potential risk to human health. The unique properties of the C-F bond and the significant potential for fluorine-fluorine interactions in PFAS structures necessitate the development of new strategies for facile and efficient environmental removal and remediation. Recent progress in the development of fluorine-containing compounds as molecular imaging and therapeutic agents will be reviewed and their design features contrasted with environmental and health risks for PFAS systems. Finally, present challenges and future directions in the exploitation of the biological aspects of fluorinated systems will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kai Yan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Changkui Fu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Xu Z, Li Y, Xu D, Li L, Xu Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Sun J. Improvement of mechanical and antibacterial properties of porous nHA scaffolds by fluorinated graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25405-25414. [PMID: 36199313 PMCID: PMC9450491 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is widely used as a bio-scaffold material due to its good bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FG) was added to nHA to improve its poor formability, weak mechanical properties, undesirable antimicrobial activity and other disadvantages that affect its clinical application. FG was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Novel porous composite scaffolds were prepared by adding different weight ratios (0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of FG to nHA using the 3D printing technique. The morphology, phase composition and mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds were characterized. In addition, the degradation performance of the composite scaffolds, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and cytocompatibility were also investigated. The results showed that the nHA/FG composite scaffold was successfully prepared with a uniform distribution of FG on the scaffold. The mechanical properties showed that the compression strength of the nHA/FG composite scaffold was significantly higher than that of the nHA scaffold (7.22 ± 1.43 MPa). The porosity of all composite scaffolds was above 70%. The addition of FG significantly improved the mechanical properties of the nHA scaffold without affecting the porosity of the scaffold. In addition, the 0.5 wt% nHA/FG scaffold exhibited satisfactory cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Therefore, the constructed nHA/FG composite scaffold can be considered as a novel antimicrobial bone substitute material with good application prospects. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is widely used as a bio-scaffold material. In this study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FG) was added to nHA to improve its poor formability, weak mechanical properties and undesirable antimicrobial activity that affect its clinical application.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yali Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoxiang Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
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Nicoo M, Feiz A, Parastesh A, Jafari N, Sarfaraz D. Comparison of antibacterial activity and fluoride release in tooth-colored restorative materials: Resin-modified glass ionomer, zirconomer, giomer, and cention N. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.363534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zhang Z, Shi Y, Zheng H, Zhou Z, Wu Z, Shen D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Fu B. A Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Film Loaded with AFCP Nanoparticles for Inhibiting Formation of Enamel White Spot Lesions. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7623-7637. [PMID: 34815669 PMCID: PMC8605885 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s335549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the effects of mineralizing film consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and amorphous fluorinated calcium phosphate (AFCP) nanoparticles on enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Material and Methods The AFCP nanoparticles and mineralizing film were prepared via nanoprecipitation and solvent evaporation, respectively. They were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and fluoride ion selective electrode. Thirty-two human enamel slices (4 mm × 4 mm × 1.5 mm) were highly polished and randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (no treatment); pure HPMC film; mineralizing film; GC Tooth Mousse Plus® (contains 10% CPP-ACP and 0.2% NaF). Subsequently, samples were challenged by a modified pH-cycling and characterized by color measurement, Micro-CT, SEM/EDX, and nanoindentation. Results The mineralizing film could sustain release of Ca, P and F ions over 24 h and maintain AFCP nanoparticles in metastable state over 8~12 h. During 4 weeks of pH cycling, the mineralizing film group exhibited least color change (∆E), mineral loss and lesion depth (120 ± 10 µm) among four groups (p < 0.05). SEM findings revealed that the porosities among enamel crystals increased in negative control and pure HPMC film groups after pH cycling, whereas in mineralizing film group, the original microstructure of enamel was well conserved and mineral deposits were detected between enamel prisms. Mineralizing film group demonstrated a least reduction of nanomechanical properties such as elastic modulus of 77.02 ± 6.84 GPa and hardness of 3.62 ± 0.57 GPa (p < 0.05). Conclusion The mineralizing film might be a promising strategy for prevention and management of WSLs via inhibiting enamel demineralization and promoting enamel remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihuai Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongni Shen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiping Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
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Amin F, Rahman S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Sefat F, Kumar N. Effect of Nanostructures on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Dental Restoratives/Cements: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6260. [PMID: 34771787 PMCID: PMC8584882 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overall perspective of nanotechnology and reinforcement of dental biomaterials by nanoparticles has been reported in the literature. However, the literature regarding the reinforcement of dental biomaterials after incorporating various nanostructures is sparse. The present review addresses current developments of glass ionomer cements (GICs) after incorporating various metallic, polymeric, inorganic and carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, types, applications, and implications of various nanostructures incorporated in GICs are discussed. Most of the attempts by researchers are based on the laboratory-based studies; hence, it warrants long-term clinical trials to aid the development of suitable materials for the load bearing posterior dentition. Nevertheless, a few meaningful conclusions are drawn from this substantial piece of work; they are as follows: (1) most of the nanostructures are likely to enhance the mechanical strength of GICs; (2) certain nanostructures improve the antibacterial activity of GICs against the cariogenic bacteria; (3) clinical translation of these promising outcomes are completely missing, and (4) the nanostructured modified GICs could perform better than their conventional counterparts in the load bearing posterior dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Amin
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Sehrish Rahman
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
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Moradian M, Jafarpour D, Saadat M, Tahmasebi F. The effect of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals on the shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement to dentin. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e784-e788. [PMID: 34512917 PMCID: PMC8412803 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNC) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin. Material and Methods A total of 48 freshly extracted intact third molars were randomly divided into four main groups with three different concentrations (0.3%, 0.5% and 1% wt) of BCNC with RMGIC and control group without BCNC. These specimens were kept in distilled water at 37° C for 24h. Shear bond strength was examined, using the universal testing machine. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn`s post-hoc test were applied for analysis of data. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results The addition of a 1%wt of BCNC to the RMGIC led to a significant increase in the shear bond strength (7.17 ± 2.14) compared to the control group (2.09 ± 1.80) (P=0.007). The shear bond strength was improved up to 343%. Conclusions It was found that the incorporation of 1% wt BCNC to the RMGICs enhanced the SBS properties of the RMGIC significantly. Modifying RMGIC with BCNC might be advantageous in terms of improving the restorative material. Key words:Bacterial cellulose nanocrystals, RMGIC, Shear bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Moradian
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dana Jafarpour
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saadat
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzin Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Liu R, Wang E, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Zheng Y, Zhai J, Zhang K, Zhang B. Enhanced antibacterial properties and promoted cell proliferation in glass ionomer cement by modified with fluorinated graphene-doped. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 19:22808000211037487. [PMID: 34428976 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211037487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to improve the properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), including mechanical properties, wear resistance, antibacterial properties and biological activity, by adding fluorinated graphene (FG). Composites of synthesised FG and GIC were examined after being combined at different mass proportions (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt%). The microstructure and morphology of FG prepared via the hydrothermal method was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FG/GIC composite was obtained through the blending method and characterised using SEM. Then, the Vickers microhardness and the wear property of the FG/GIC composite-imitated brushing was measured. The plate count and dilution methods (10-fold) were adopted to investigate the antibacterial properties of FG/GIC by incubating Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The biocompatibility of FG/GIC containing the adhesion and cytotoxicity of mouse fibroblast cells (L929) was estimated by the MTT and acridine orange (AO) fluorescent staining. Our results demonstrated that the hardness and abrasive wear resistance of the composites increased, and the microhardness parameter changes exhibited a gradual increase as the concentration continued to increase. A 2.0 wt% FG concentration could effectively improve the bacterial inhibition performance of GIC and was directly proportional to the concentration of FG. The composite materials showed no apparent cytotoxicity on normal L929 cells compared to the control group, and the materials exhibited no cytotoxic effect compared to traditional GIC. Thus, FG/GIC has potential therapeutic value in the field of dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Errui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Qiaozhen Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yayuan Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Junkai Zhai
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.,Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Castro-Rojas MA, Vega-Cantu YI, Cordell GA, Rodriguez-Garcia A. Dental Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. Molecules 2021; 26:4423. [PMID: 34361575 PMCID: PMC8348498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements and resin-based composites are promising materials in restorative dentistry. However, their limited mechanical properties and the risk of bulk/marginal fracture compromise their lifespan. Intensive research has been conducted to understand and develop new materials that can mimic the functional behavior of the oral cavity. Nanotechnological approaches have emerged to treat oral infections and become a part of scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Carbon nanotubes are promising materials to create multifunctional platforms for dental applications. This review provides a comprehensive survey of and information on the status of this state-of-the-art technology and describes the development of glass ionomers reinforced with carbon nanotubes possessing improved mechanical properties. The applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery and tissue engineering for healing infections and lesions of the oral cavity are also described. The review concludes with a summary of the current status and presents a vision of future applications of carbon nanotubes in the practice of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Castro-Rojas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Yadira I. Vega-Cantu
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Geoffrey A. Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, IL 60202, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
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Association of Graphene Silver Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) with Photodynamic Therapy for Inactivation of Halitosis Responsible Bacteria in Denture Wearers. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071643. [PMID: 34201467 PMCID: PMC8305032 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Poor hygiene and denture presence in the oral cavity are factors that favor bacterial accumulation, the cause of halitosis and of various oral and general diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of inactivating bacteria associated with halitosis in acrylic denture wearers using polymethyl methacrylate resin enhanced with graphene silver nanoparticles and the effect of the resin association with extra oral photodynamic therapy. (2) Methods: Graphene silver nanoparticles in 1 and 2 wt% were added to a commercial acrylic resin powder. Three study groups containing samples from the three different materials were established. The first group was not exposed to the light treatment, and the other two were exposed to red light (laser and light emitting diode) after photosensitizer placement on the disk’s surface. Samples were incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. (3) Results: For both bacterial strains, inhibition zones were obtained, showing significant differences for the light-treated samples. (4) Conclusions: Denture resins with antibacterial properties associated with extra oral photodynamic therapy exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects. The procedure could be used as a safer and more efficient alternative technique against halitosis and oral infections in denture wearers.
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Zhao S, Dou B, Duan S, Lin X, Zhang Y, Emori W, Gao X, Fang Z. Influence of fluorinated graphene-modified epoxy coatings on the corrosion behaviour of 2024 aluminium alloy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17558-17573. [PMID: 35480204 PMCID: PMC9033175 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides an enhanced corrosion resistance of epoxy resin (EP) by embedding fluorinated graphene (FG) into the epoxy matrix. FG with different fluorine contents was obtained by reacting nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) gas with GO and then incorporated into the EP matrix to fabricate the different composites. Through a series of characterization methods, the chemical composition and microstructures of FG were systematically analyzed, and its corrosion resistance was also studied. Results revealed that F atoms were bonded to the GO surface to form C-F covalent bonds, and an FG lamellar thickness less than 2 nm. The contact angle of the coatings increased with the incorporation of FG, and the coating resistance of FG2/EP coating was 3 orders of magnitude more than that of the EP coating after immersion for 4080 h. Thus, the incorporation of FG into epoxy matrix significantly enhanced its hydrophobic properties and barrier performance, which was beneficial to improving the long-term corrosion resistance of the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
| | - Baojie Dou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP) Paris F-75005 France
| | - Song Duan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
| | - Xiuzhou Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
| | - Wilfred Emori
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong 643000 China
| | - Xiulei Gao
- Zhongshan Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd Zibo 255138 China
| | - Zhiwen Fang
- Zhongshan Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd Zibo 255138 China
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of hydroxyl modified fluorinated graphene with high fluorine content and its high load-bearing capacity as water lubricant additive for ceramic/steel contact. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effect on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Luting Cements by Incorporation of All-Ceramic Additives: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8896225. [PMID: 33061975 PMCID: PMC7545438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8896225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used for cementation of indirect restorations. However, one of their main drawbacks is their inferior mechanical properties. Aim Compositional modification of conventional glass ionomer luting cements by incorporating two types of all-ceramic powders in varying concentrations and evaluation of their film thickness, setting time, and strength. Material & Methods. Experimental GICs were prepared by adding different concentrations of two all-ceramic powders (5%, 10, and 15% by weight) to the powder of the glass ionomer luting cements, and their setting time, film thickness, and compressive strength were determined. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis was done to evaluate the kinetics of the setting reaction of the samples. The average particle size of the all-ceramic and glass ionomer powders was determined with the help of a particle size analyzer. Results A significant increase in strength was observed in experimental GICs containing 10% all-ceramic powders. The experimental GICs with 5% all-ceramic powders showed no improvement in strength, whereas those containing 15% all-ceramic powders exhibited a marked decrease in strength. Setting time of all experimental GICs progressively increased with increasing concentration of all-ceramic powders. Film thickness of all experimental GICs was much higher than the recommended value for clinical application. Conclusion 10% concentration of the two all-ceramic powders can be regarded as the optimal concentration for enhancing the glass ionomer luting cements' strength. There was a significant increase in the setting time at this concentration, but it was within the limit specified by ISO 9917–1:2007 specifications for powder/liquid acid-base dental cements. Reducing the particle size of the all-ceramic powders may help in decreasing the film thickness, which is an essential parameter for the clinical performance of any luting cement.
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Bonilla-Represa V, Abalos-Labruzzi C, Herrera-Martinez M, Guerrero-Pérez MO. Nanomaterials in Dentistry: State of the Art and Future Challenges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1770. [PMID: 32906829 PMCID: PMC7557393 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are commonly considered as those materials in which the shape and molecular composition at a nanometer scale can be controlled. Subsequently, they present extraordinary properties that are being useful for the development of new and improved applications in many fields, including medicine. In dentistry, several research efforts are being conducted, especially during the last decade, for the improvement of the properties of materials used in dentistry. The objective of the present article is to offer the audience a complete and comprehensive review of the main applications that have been developed in dentistry, by the use of these materials, during the last two decades. It was shown how these materials are improving the treatments in mainly all the important areas of dentistry, such as endodontics, periodontics, implants, tissue engineering and restorative dentistry. The scope of the present review is, subsequently, to revise the main applications regarding nano-shaped materials in dentistry, including nanorods, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanospheres/nanoparticles, and zeolites and other orders porous materials. The results of the bibliographic analysis show that the most explored nanomaterials in dentistry are graphene and carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives. A detailed analysis and a comparative study of their applications show that, although they are quite similar, graphene-based materials seem to be more promising for most of the applications of interest in dentistry. The bibliographic study also demonstrated the potential of zeolite-based materials, although the low number of studies on their applications shows that they have not been totally explored, as well as other porous nanomaterials that have found important applications in medicine, such as metal organic frameworks, have not been explored. Subsequently, it is expected that the research effort will concentrate on graphene and zeolite-based materials in the coming years. Thus, the present review paper presents a detailed bibliographic study, with more than 200 references, in order to briefly describe the main achievements that have been described in dentistry using nanomaterials, compare and analyze them in a critical way, with the aim of predicting the future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bonilla-Represa
- Departamento de Operatoria Dental y Endodoncia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain; (V.B.-R.); (M.H.-M.)
| | | | - Manuela Herrera-Martinez
- Departamento de Operatoria Dental y Endodoncia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain; (V.B.-R.); (M.H.-M.)
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Color Stability of Glass Ionomer Cement after Reinforced with Two Different Nanoparticles. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:7808535. [PMID: 32565811 PMCID: PMC7281814 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7808535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to compare the staining characteristics of a commercially available restorative glass ionomer cement to a formulation reinforced by the addition of carbon nanotubes and another formulation reinforced by the addition of silver nanoparticles to the powder of the same cement. Methodology. Twenty samples each of a control glass ionomer cement (PULPDENT® Glass Fill®, Pulpdent Corp. Watertown, MA, USA), control cement reinforced with 0.0006 gm (0.03% by weight) of carbon nanotubes (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis MO, USA), and control cement reinforced with 0.2 gm (10% by weight) of silver nanoparticles (Nanocyl™, Nanocyl SA, Sambreville, Belgium) were immersed in a staining solution. Color evaluations were carried out after 1 h, 24 h, and 1 week. Color change values were calculated. Results The results indicated that carbon nanotube reinforced specimens exhibited less color stability when compared to controlled glass ionomer cement specimens; however, both samples had significantly greater color stability than silver nanoparticle reinforced glass ionomer samples. Conclusion It can be concluded within the limitations of this study that carbon nanotube reinforced glass ionomer cements have better color stability than silver nanoparticle reinforced glass ionomer cements.
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Flexural strength, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity of a polymethyl methacrylate denture resin enhanced with graphene and silver nanoparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2713-2725. [PMID: 31734793 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluates the effect of adding graphene-Ag nanoparticles (G-AgNp) to a PMMA auto-polymerizing resin, with focus on antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, monomer release, and mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Auto-polymerizing acrylic resin (M) was loaded with 1 wt% G-AgNp (P1) and 2 wt% G-AgNp (P2). Methyl methacrylate monomer release (MMA) was measured after immersion of the samples in chloroform and cell medium respectively. Cell viability was assessed on dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) and dental pulp stem cells. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response following exposure of dysplastic oral keratinocytes to the experimental resins was evaluated. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli and also flexural strength of the resins were assessed. RESULTS Residual monomer: For samples immersed in chloroform, MMA concentration reached high levels, 10.27 μg/g for sample P1; MMA increased at higher G-AgNp loading; 0.63 μg/g MMA was found in medium for P1, and less for sample P2. Cell viability: Both cell lines displayed a viability decrease, but remained above 75%, compared to controls, when exposed to undiluted samples. Inflammation: proinflammatory molecule TNF-α decreased when DOK cultures were exposed to G-AgNp samples. MDA levels indicated increased oxidative stress damage in cells treated with PMMA, confirmed by the antioxidant mechanism activation, while samples containing G-AgNp induced an antioxidant effect. All tested samples showed antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria. Samples containing G-AgNp also exhibited bactericide action on E. coli. Mechanical properties: both samples containing G-AgNp improved flexural strength compared to the sample resin, measured through elastic strength parameters. CONCLUSIONS PMMA resin loaded with G-AgNp presents promising antibacterial activity associated with minimal toxicity to human cells, in vitro, as well as improved flexural properties. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These encouraging results obtained in vitro support further in vivo investigation, to thoroughly check whether the PMMA loaded with graphene-silver nanoparticles constitute an improvement over current denture materials.
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Effects of Powdery Cellulose Nanofiber Addition on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193077. [PMID: 31547222 PMCID: PMC6803938 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of powdery cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) without negatively affecting its chemical properties. Commercial GIC was reinforced with powdery CNFs (2–8 wt.%) and characterized in terms of flexural strength, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, and fluoride-ion release properties. Powdery CNFs and samples subjected to flexural strength testing were observed via scanning electron microscopy. CNF incorporation was found to significantly improve the flexural, compressive, and diametral tensile strengths of GIC, and the corresponding composite was shown to contain fibrillar aggregates of nanofibers interspersed in the GIC matrix. No significant differences in fluoride-ion release properties were observed between the control GIC and the CNF-GIC composite. Thus, powdery CNFs were concluded to be a promising GIC reinforcement agent.
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The Influence of Graphene in Improvement of Physico-Mechanical Properties in PMMA Denture Base Resins. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142335. [PMID: 31340462 PMCID: PMC6678796 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical performances of dental materials depend on their mechanical profiles, determining their long-term deformation and wear resistance. This paper describes a study on the mechanical properties, water absorption and morphological properties of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin enriched with graphene-silver nanoparticles (Gr-Ag). Two different concentrations—1 and 2 wt.%—of Gr-Ag were loaded into the PMMA material. For the mechanical characterization, the compression behavior, flexural strength and tensile strength were evaluated. Optical microscopy in polarized light and scanning electron microscopy were used for filler analysis. The filler addition led to an improvement in all mechanical properties, with slight changes being derived from the filler content variation. Gr-Ag use led to an increase in the applied maximum loads. Moreover, 1 wt.% Gr-Ag determined an increase of 174% in the modulus of rupture, which indicates high flexibility.
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Moheet IA, Luddin N, Rahman IA, Kannan TP, Nik Abd Ghani NR, Masudi SM. Modifications of Glass Ionomer Cement Powder by Addition of Recently Fabricated Nano-Fillers and Their Effect on the Properties: A Review. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:470-477. [PMID: 31280484 PMCID: PMC6890502 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide a brief insight regarding the recent studies and their recommendations related to the modifications to glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder in order to improve their properties. An electronic search of publications was made from the year 2000 to 2018. The databases included in the current study were EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria for the current study include publication with abstract or full-text articles, original research, reviews or systematic reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies that were written in English language. Among these only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Articles published in other languages, with no available abstract and related to other nondentistry fields, were excluded. A detailed review of the recent materials used as a filler phase in GIC powder has revealed that not all modifications produce beneficial results. Recent work has demonstrated that modification of GIC powder with nano-particles has many beneficial effects on the properties of the material. This is due to the increase in surface area and surface energy, along with better particle distribution of the nano-particle. Therefore, more focus should be given on nano-particle having greater chemical affinity for GIC matrix as well as the tooth structure that will enhance the physicochemical properties of GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Alam Moheet
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Saman Malik Masudi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Lincoln University College, Selangor, Malaysia
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Arnold AM, Crytzer KR, Holt BD, Sydlik SA. Functional Graphenic Materials That Seal Condenser Tube Leaks in Situ. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20881-20887. [PMID: 31117460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Undesirable condenser tube leaks frequently occur in power plants, resulting in reduced power output, increased burden on downstream systems, and substantial revenue losses. Current techniques such as wood flour provide temporary in situ remediation but lack adhesive properties to form stable seals. Here, we report the development of in situ sealants for long-term defect repair. The carboxylic acids on graphene oxides and Claisen graphene were used as chemical handles to covalently install a bio-inspired, adhesive catechol, generating a class of functional graphenic material (FGM) sealants. FGM sealants outperformed unfunctionalized scaffolds with enhanced antimicrobial activity to prevent fouling (up to 55% reduction) and superior cohesive properties to promote stable seals. Further, FGM sealants were adhesive, effectively sealing defects in a model experiment, whereas unfunctionalized scaffolds did not display any sealant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurtis R Crytzer
- Electric Power Research Institute , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
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Karimi M, Hesaraki S, Alizadeh M, Kazemzadeh A. Effect of synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles on the physicochemical and biological properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:227-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Enamel Surface Remineralization Effect by Fluorinated Graphite and Bioactive Glass-Containing Orthodontic Bonding Resin. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081308. [PMID: 31013602 PMCID: PMC6515273 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All orthodontic appliances are potentially cariogenic. The plaque around the orthodontic appliance can make demineralization on tooth surface causing white spot lesion (WSL). The most effective method to prevent WSL is Fluoride appliance and gargling, but this requires patient cooperation, which consumes additional treatment time and cost. As suggested in this study, biomaterials like bioactive glass and fluorinated graphite (FGt) having antibacterial and anti-demineralization ability effective and easy to use in the clinic. To clinically use orthodontic bonding resins containing Graphite Fluoride BAG (FGtBAG), its properties, biological stability, antimicrobial activity, and remineralization effect must be verified. BAG was mixed with 2.5% FGt containing 51 to 61% fluorine. This mixture was mixed with the CharmFill Flow (CF) in the ratios of 1, 3, and 5 wt%. Microhardness and shear bond strength tests were performed to evaluate its mechanical properties. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetra) assay was performed for evaluating its safety. Streptococcus mutans, which is major cariogen by producing lactic acid, was evaluated for antibacterial ability of reducing WSL. In addition, x-ray images were obtained by CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) after a pH cycle. The remineralization effect was verified in vivo and by Image J. FGtBAG did not differ significantly from CF in mechanical tests. The MTT assay found no significant differences between the groups. The antibacterial activity of FGtBAG at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than that of CF. The fluoride release rate tended to increase with the FGtBAG content. The pH cycle results showed that FGtBAG had higher concentration-dependent remineralization effect than CF. The results of this study suggests that orthodontic resins containing FGtBAG can prevent WSL owing to their antibacterial activity and remineralization effect.
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Sindhu J, Sridevi A, Naveen DN, Nirupama DN, Nainan M. Antibacterial effect of fluorinated graphene and zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporated in zinc oxide-based sealers on Enterococcus faecalis (in vitro study). SAUDI JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/sjos.sjoralsci_26_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ge Z, Yang L, Xiao F, Wu Y, Yu T, Chen J, Lin J, Zhang Y. Graphene Family Nanomaterials: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:1539678. [PMID: 30627167 PMCID: PMC6304494 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1539678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene family nanomaterials, with superior mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, have grabbed appreciable attention on the path of researches seeking new materials for future biomedical applications. Although potential applications of graphene had been highly reviewed in other fields of medicine, especially for their antibacterial properties and tissue regenerative capacities, in vivo and in vitro studies related to dentistry are very limited. Therefore, based on current knowledge and latest progress, this article aimed to present the recent achievements and provide a comprehensive literature review on potential applications of graphene that could be translated into clinical reality in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ge
- Department of General Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310052, China
| | | | | | - Yani Wu
- Department of General Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310052, China
| | | | | | | | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Department of General Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310052, China
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Wright ZM, Arnold AM, Holt BD, Eckhart KE, Sydlik SA. Functional Graphenic Materials, Graphene Oxide, and Graphene as Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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