1
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Chastagnier L, Marquette C, Petiot E. In situ transient transfection of 3D cell cultures and tissues, a promising tool for tissue engineering and gene therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108211. [PMID: 37463610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Various research fields use the transfection of mammalian cells with genetic material to induce the expression of a target transgene or gene silencing. It is a tool widely used in biological research, bioproduction, and therapy. Current transfection protocols are usually performed on 2D adherent cells or suspension cultures. The important rise of new gene therapies and regenerative medicine in the last decade raises the need for new tools to empower the in situ transfection of tissues and 3D cell cultures. This review will present novel in situ transfection methods based on a chemical or physical non-viral transfection of cells in tissues and 3D cultures, discuss the advantages and remaining gaps, and propose future developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chastagnier
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Marquette
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emma Petiot
- 3D Innovation Lab - 3d.FAB - ICBMS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, UMR 5246, bat. Lederer, 5 rue Gaston Berger, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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2
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Roncato R, Angelini J, Pani A, Talotta R. Lipid rafts as viral entry routes and immune platforms: A double-edged sword in SARS-CoV-2 infection? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159140. [PMID: 35248801 PMCID: PMC8894694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are nanoscopic compartments of cell membranes that serve a variety of biological functions. They play a crucial role in viral infections, as enveloped viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can exploit rafts to enter or quit target cells. On the other hand, lipid rafts contribute to the formation of immune synapses and their proper functioning is a prerequisite for adequate immune response and viral clearance. In this narrative review we dissect the panorama focusing on this singular aspect of cell biology in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy. A lipid raft-mediated mechanism can be hypothesized for many drugs recommended or considered for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and antiviral agents. Furthermore, the additional use of lipid-lowering agents, like statins, may affect the lipid composition of membrane rafts and thus influence the processes occurring in these compartments. The combination of drugs acting on lipid rafts may be successful in the treatment of more severe forms of the disease and should be reserved for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), via Gallini, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Jacopo Angelini
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), via Pozzuolo, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Toxicology Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU "Gaetano Martino", University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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3
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Dellali KZ, Dellali M, Raţă DM, Cadinoiu AN, Atanase LI, Popa M, Spataru MC, Solcan C. Assessment of Physicochemical and In Vivo Biological Properties of Polymeric Nanocapsules Based on Chitosan and Poly( N-vinyl pyrrolidone- alt-itaconic anhydride). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091811. [PMID: 35566980 PMCID: PMC9104533 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery is an important field of nanomedicine, and its aim is to deliver specific active substances to a precise site of action in order to produce a desired pharmacological effect. In the present study nanocapsules were obtained by a process of interfacial condensation between chitosan (dissolved in the aqueous phase) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-alt-itaconic anhydride), a highly reactive copolymer capable of easily opening the anhydride ring under the action of amine groups of chitosan. The formed amide bonds led to the formation of a hydrogel membrane. The morphology of the obtained nanocapsules, their behavior in aqueous solution of physiological pH, and their ability to encapsulate and release a model drug can be modulated by the parameters of the synthesis process, such as the molar ratio between functional groups of polymers and the ratio of the phases in which the polymers are solubilized. Although a priori both polymers are biocompatible, this paper reports the results of a very detailed in vivo study conducted on experimental animals which have received the obtained nanocapsules by three administration routes—intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and oral. The organs taken from the animals’ kidney, liver, spleen, and lung and analyzed histologically demonstrated the ability of nanocapsules to stimulate the monocytic macrophage system without producing inflammatory changes. Moreover, their in vivo behavior has been shown to depend not only on the route of administration but also on the interaction with the cells of the organs with which they come into contact. The results clearly argue the biocompatibility of nanocapsules and hence the possibility of their safe use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheira Zanoune Dellali
- Faculty of Technology, University Hassiba Benbouali, BP 151, Chlef 02000, Algeria; (K.Z.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohammed Dellali
- Faculty of Technology, University Hassiba Benbouali, BP 151, Chlef 02000, Algeria; (K.Z.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Delia Mihaela Raţă
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Apollonia University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Anca Niculina Cadinoiu
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Apollonia University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Apollonia University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcel Popa
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Apollonia University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei Street, No. 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Mihaela-Claudia Spataru
- Public Health Departament, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.-C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Public Health Departament, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (M.-C.S.); (C.S.)
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4
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Tian Y, Liu X, Hu J, Zhang H, Wang B, Li Y, Fu L, Su R, Yu Y. Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis of Caveolae-Related Genes in Human Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703501. [PMID: 34513683 PMCID: PMC8427033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae-related genes, including CAVs that encodes caveolins and CAVINs that encodes caveolae-associated proteins cavins, have been identified for playing significant roles in a variety of biological processes including cholesterol transport and signal transduction, but evidences related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression are not abundant to correlate with clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression of these genes at transcriptional and translational levels in patients with breast cancer using Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), cBioPortal databases, and immunohistochemistry of the patients in our hospital. Prognosis of patients with breast cancer based on the expressions of CAVs and CAVINs was summarized using Kaplan-Meier Plotter with their correlation to different subtyping. The relevant molecular pathways of these genes were further analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results elucidated that expression levels of CAV1, CAV2, CAVIN1, CAVIN2, and CAVIN3 were significantly lower in breast cancer tissues than in normal samples, while the expression level of CAVIN2 was correlated with advanced tumor stage. Furthermore, investigations on survival of patients with breast cancer indicated outstanding associations between prognosis and CAVIN2 levels, especially for the patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. In conclusion, our investigation indicated CAVIN2 is a potential therapeutic target for patients with ER+ breast cancer, which may relate to functions of cancer cell surface receptors and adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tian
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Anhui Medical University Clinical College of Chest, Hefei, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yingxi Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Su
- School of Computer Software, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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5
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Gusmira A, Takemura K, Lee SY, Inaba T, Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Oono-Yakura K, Yasuhara K, Kitao A, Suetsugu S. Regulation of caveolae through cholesterol-depletion-dependent tubulation mediated by PACSIN2. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246785. [PMID: 32878944 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-shaping ability of PACSIN2 (also known as syndapin II), which is mediated by its F-BAR domain, has been shown to be essential for caveolar morphogenesis, presumably through the shaping of the caveolar neck. Caveolar membranes contain abundant cholesterol. However, the role of cholesterol in PACSIN2-mediated membrane deformation remains unclear. Here, we show that the binding of PACSIN2 to the membrane can be negatively regulated by cholesterol. We prepared reconstituted membranes based on the lipid composition of caveolae. The reconstituted membrane with cholesterol had a weaker affinity for the F-BAR domain of PACSIN2 than a membrane without cholesterol. Consistent with this, upon depletion of cholesterol from the plasma membrane, PACSIN2 localized at tubules that had caveolin-1 at their tips, suggesting that cholesterol inhibits membrane tubulation mediated by PACSIN2. The tubules induced by PACSIN2 could be representative of an intermediate of caveolae endocytosis. Consistent with this, the removal of caveolae from the plasma membrane upon cholesterol depletion was diminished in the PACSIN2-deficient cells. These data suggest that PACSIN2-mediated caveolae internalization is dependent on the amount of cholesterol, providing a mechanism for cholesterol-dependent regulation of caveolae.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aini Gusmira
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takemura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shin Yong Lee
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takehiko Inaba
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hanawa-Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kayoko Oono-Yakura
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akio Kitao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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6
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Colino CI, Lanao JM, Gutierrez-Millan C. Targeting of Hepatic Macrophages by Therapeutic Nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2020; 11:218. [PMID: 32194546 PMCID: PMC7065596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic macrophage populations include different types of cells with plastic properties that can differentiate into diverse phenotypes to modulate their properties in response to different stimuli. They often regulate the activity of other cells and play an important role in many hepatic diseases. In response to those pathological situations, they are activated, releasing cytokines and chemokines; they may attract circulating monocytes and exert functions that can aggravate the symptoms or drive reparation processes. As a result, liver macrophages are potential therapeutic targets that can be oriented toward a variety of aims, with emergent nanotechnology platforms potentially offering new perspectives for macrophage vectorization. Macrophages play an essential role in the final destination of nanoparticles (NPs) in the organism, as they are involved in their uptake and trafficking in vivo. Different types of delivery nanosystems for macrophage recognition and targeting, such as liposomes, solid-lipid, polymeric, or metallic nanoparticles, have been developed. Passive targeting promotes the accumulation of the NPs in the liver due to their anatomical and physiological features. This process is modulated by NP characteristics such as size, charge, and surface modifications. Active targeting approaches with specific ligands may also be used to reach liver macrophages. In order to design new systems, the NP recognition mechanism of macrophages must be understood, taking into account that variations in local microenvironment may change the phenotype of macrophages in a way that will affect the uptake and toxicity of NPs. This kind of information may be applied to diseases where macrophages play a pathogenic role, such as metabolic disorders, infections, or cancer. The kinetics of nanoparticles strongly affects their therapeutic efficacy when administered in vivo. Release kinetics could predict the behavior of nanosystems targeting macrophages and be applied to improve their characteristics. PBPK models have been developed to characterize nanoparticle biodistribution in organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) such as liver or spleen. Another controversial issue is the possible toxicity of non-degradable nanoparticles, which in many cases accumulate in high percentages in macrophage clearance organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Colino
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Lanao
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Gutierrez-Millan
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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7
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Ho YT, Kamm RD, Kah JCY. Influence of protein corona and caveolae-mediated endocytosis on nanoparticle uptake and transcytosis. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12386-12397. [PMID: 29926047 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcytosis of nanoparticles (NPs) is emerging as an attractive alternative to the paracellular route in cancer drug delivery with studies suggesting targeting caveolae-mediated endocytosis to maximize NP transcytosis. However, there are limited studies on transcytosis of NPs, especially for corona-coated NPs. Most studies focused on cellular uptake as an indirect measure of the NP's transcellular permeability (Pd). Here, we probed the effect of protein corona on the uptake and transcytosis of 20, 40, 100, and 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (pNP-PC) across HUVECs in a microfluidic channel that modelled the microvasculature. We observed increased cell uptake with size of pNP-PC although it was the smallest 20 nm pNP-PC that exhibited the highest transcellular Pd. In the absence of corona however, cell uptake decreased with size, and the largest 200 nm pNP-PEG exhibited the lowest transcellular Pd. By inhibiting caveolae-mediated endocytosis in HUVECs, smaller pNPs had a larger drop in cell uptake than larger pNPs, regardless of surface coating. However, only the smallest (20 nm) and largest (200 nm) pNP-PC had a decrease in Pd following inhibition with MβCD. Our findings showed that the protein corona affected the transcytosis of NPs, and their uptake by caveolae-mediated endocytosis did not necessarily lead to transcytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teck Ho
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Bus T, Traeger A, Schubert US. The great escape: how cationic polyplexes overcome the endosomal barrier. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6904-6918. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endo-lysosomal escape strategies of cationic polymer-mediated gene delivery at a glance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bus
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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9
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Kalim M, Chen J, Wang S, Lin C, Ullah S, Liang K, Ding Q, Chen S, Zhan J. Intracellular trafficking of new anticancer therapeutics: antibody-drug conjugates. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2265-2276. [PMID: 28814834 PMCID: PMC5546728 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s135571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a milestone in targeted cancer therapy that comprises of monoclonal antibodies chemically linked to cytotoxic drugs. Internalization of ADC takes place via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and pinocytosis. Conjugation strategies, endocytosis and intracellular trafficking optimization, linkers, and drugs chemistry present a great challenge for researchers to eradicate tumor cells successfully. This inventiveness of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking has given considerable momentum recently to develop specific antibodies and ADCs to treat cancer cells. It is significantly advantageous to emphasize the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking pathways efficiently and to design potent engineered conjugates and biological entities to boost efficient therapies enormously for cancer treatment. Current studies illustrate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ADC, protein, and linker strategies in unloading and also concisely evaluate practically applicable ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kalim
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Caiyao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Keying Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbiao Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
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10
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Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Ceridono M, Urbán P, Bogni A, Ponti J, Gioria S, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A. The agglomeration state of nanoparticles can influence the mechanism of their cellular internalisation. J Nanobiotechnology 2017. [PMID: 28651541 PMCID: PMC5485545 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Significant progress of nanotechnology, including in particular biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, has resulted in a high number of studies describing the biological effects of nanomaterials. Moreover, a determination of so-called “critical quality attributes”, that is specific physicochemical properties of nanomaterials triggering the observed biological response, has been recognised as crucial for the evaluation and design of novel safe and efficacious therapeutics. In the context of in vitro studies, a thorough physicochemical characterisation of nanoparticles (NPs), also in the biological medium, is necessary to allow a correlation with a cellular response. Following this concept, we examined whether the main and frequently reported characteristics of NPs such as size and the agglomeration state can influence the level and the mechanism of NP cellular internalization. Results We employed fluorescently-labelled 30 and 80 nm silicon dioxide NPs, both in agglomerated and non-agglomerated form. Using flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, the inhibitors of endocytosis and gene silencing we determined the most probable routes of cellular uptake for each form of tested silica NPs. We observed differences in cellular uptake depending on the size and the agglomeration state of NPs. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis was implicated particularly in the internalisation of well dispersed silica NPs but with an increase of the agglomeration state of NPs a combination of endocytic pathways with a predominant role of macropinocytosis was noted. Conclusions We demonstrated that the agglomeration state of NPs is an important factor influencing the level of cell uptake and the mechanism of endocytosis of silica NPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0281-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Halamoda-Kenzaoui
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Mara Ceridono
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Patricia Urbán
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Kinsner-Ovaskainen
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 127, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy.
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11
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Nighot PK, Leung L, Ma TY. Chloride channel ClC- 2 enhances intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier function via regulation of caveolin-1 and caveolar trafficking of occludin. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:113-122. [PMID: 28161538 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the chloride channel ClC-2 plays a critical role in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier function via intracellular trafficking of TJ protein occludin. To study the mechanism of ClC-2-mediated TJ barrier function and intracellular trafficking of occludin, we established ClC-2 over-expressing Caco-2 cell line (Caco-2CLCN2) by full length ClC-2 ORF transfection. ClC-2 over-expression (Caco-2CLCN2) significantly enhanced TJ barrier (increased TER by ≥2 times and reduced inulin flux by 50%) compared to control Caco-2pEZ cells. ClC-2 over-expression (Caco-2CLCN2) increased occludin protein level compared to control Caco-2pEZ cells. Surface biotinylation assay revealed reduced steady state endocytosis of occludin in Caco-2CLCN2 cells. Furthermore, ClC-2 over-expression led to reduction in caveolin-1 protein level and diminishment of caveolae assembly. Caveolae disruption increased TJ permeability in control but not ClC-2 over-expressing Caco-2CLCN2 cells. Selective ClC-2 channel blocker GaTx2 caused an increase in caveolin-1 protein level and reduced occludin level. Delivery of cell permeable caveolin-1 scaffolding domain reduced the occludin protein level. Over all, these results suggest that ClC- 2 enhances TJ barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells via regulation of caveolin-1 and caveolae-mediated trafficking of occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Nighot
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Lana Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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12
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He J, Zheng YW, Lin YF, Mi S, Qin XW, Weng SP, He JG, Guo CJ. Caveolae Restrict Tiger Frog Virus Release in HepG2 cells and Caveolae-Associated Proteins Incorporated into Virus Particles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21663. [PMID: 26887868 PMCID: PMC4757878 DOI: 10.1038/srep21663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. Caveolae play important roles in the process of viruses entry into host cells, but the roles of caveolae at the late stage of virus infection were not completely understood. Tiger frog virus (TFV) has been isolated from the diseased tadpoles of the frog, Rana tigrina rugulosa, and causes high mortality of tiger frog tadpoles cultured in Southern China. In the present study, the roles of caveolae at the late stage of TFV infection were investigated. We showed that TFV virions were localized with the caveolae at the late stage of infection in HepG2 cells. Disruption of caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin/nystatin or knockdown of caveolin-1 significantly increase the release of TFV. Moreover, the interaction between caveolin-1 and TFV major capsid protein was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Those results suggested that caveolae restricted TFV release from the HepG2 cells. Caveolae-associated proteins (caveolin-1, caveolin-2, cavin-1, and cavin-2) were selectively incorporated into TFV virions. Different combinations of proteolytic and/or detergent treatments with virions showed that caveolae-associated proteins were located in viral capsid of TFV virons. Taken together, caveolae might be a restriction factor that affects virus release and caveolae-associated proteins were incorporated in TFV virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yi-Wen Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shu Mi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Qin
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chang-Jun Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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13
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Au JLS, Yeung BZ, Wientjes MG, Lu Z, Wientjes MG. Delivery of cancer therapeutics to extracellular and intracellular targets: Determinants, barriers, challenges and opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:280-301. [PMID: 26686425 PMCID: PMC4829347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular medicine have led to identification of worthy cellular and molecular targets located in extracellular and intracellular compartments. Effectiveness of cancer therapeutics is limited in part by inadequate delivery and transport in tumor interstitium. Parts I and II of this report give an overview on the kinetic processes in delivering therapeutics to their intended targets, the transport barriers in tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix (TME/ECM), and the experimental approaches to overcome such barriers. Part III discusses new concepts and findings concerning nanoparticle-biocorona complex, including the effects of TME/ECM. Part IV outlines the challenges in animal-to-human translation of cancer nanotherapeutics. Part V provides an overview of the background, current status, and the roles of TME/ECM in immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, the newest cancer treatment modality. Part VI outlines the development and use of multiscale computational modeling to capture the unavoidable tumor heterogeneities, the multiple nonlinear kinetic processes including interstitial and transvascular transport and interactions between cancer therapeutics and TME/ECM, in order to predict the in vivo tumor spatiokinetics of a therapeutic based on experimental in vitro biointerfacial interaction data. Part VII provides perspectives on translational research using quantitative systems pharmacology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie L-S Au
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, 1815 Aston Avenue, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Bertrand Z Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA
| | | | - Ze Lu
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, 1815 Aston Avenue, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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14
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Martins IJ. Overnutrition Determines LPS Regulation of Mycotoxin Induced Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29554-73. [PMID: 26690419 PMCID: PMC4691133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegenerative diseases are now associated with obesity and diabetes and linked to the developing and developed world. Interests in healthy diets have escalated that may prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The global metabolic syndrome involves lipoprotein abnormalities and insulin resistance and is the major disorder for induction of neurological disease. The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on dyslipidemia and NAFLD indicate that the clearance and metabolism of fungal mycotoxins are linked to hypercholesterolemia and amyloid beta oligomers. LPS and mycotoxins are associated with membrane lipid disturbances with effects on cholesterol interacting proteins, lipoprotein metabolism, and membrane apo E/amyloid beta interactions relevant to hypercholesterolemia with close connections to neurological diseases. The influence of diet on mycotoxin metabolism has accelerated with the close association between mycotoxin contamination from agricultural products such as apple juice, grains, alcohol, and coffee. Cholesterol efflux in lipoproteins and membrane cholesterol are determined by LPS with involvement of mycotoxin on amyloid beta metabolism. Nutritional interventions such as diets low in fat/carbohydrate/cholesterol have become of interest with relevance to low absorption of lipophilic LPS and mycotoxin into lipoproteins with rapid metabolism of mycotoxin to the liver with the prevention of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian James Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
- McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Avenue, Suite 22, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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15
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Determination of cell uptake pathways for tumor inhibitor lysyl oxidase propeptide. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:1-23. [PMID: 26297052 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) is derived from pro-lysyl oxidase (Pro-LOX) by extracellular biosynthetic proteolysis. LOX-PP inhibits breast and prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth and has tumor suppressor activity. Although, several intracellular targets and molecular mechanisms of action of LOX-PP have been identified, LOX-PP uptake pathways have not been reported. Here we demonstrate that the major uptake pathway for recombinant LOX-PP (rLOX-PP) is PI3K-dependent macropinocytosis in PWR-1E, PC3, SCC9, MDA-MB-231 cell lines. A secondary pathway appears to be dynamin- and caveola dependent. The ionic properties of highly basic rLOX-PP provide buffering capacity at both high and low pHs. We suggest that the buffering capacity of rLOX-PP, which serves to limit endosomal acidification, sustains PI3K-dependent macropinocytosis in endosomes which in turn is likely to facilitate LOX-PP endosomal escape into the cytoplasm and its observed interactions with cytoplasmic targets and nuclear uptake.
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16
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Fröhlich E. The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5577-91. [PMID: 23144561 PMCID: PMC3493258 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1566] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many types of nanoparticles (NPs) are tested for use in medical products, particularly in imaging and gene and drug delivery. For these applications, cellular uptake is usually a prerequisite and is governed in addition to size by surface characteristics such as hydrophobicity and charge. Although positive charge appears to improve the efficacy of imaging, gene transfer, and drug delivery, a higher cytotoxicity of such constructs has been reported. This review summarizes findings on the role of surface charge on cytotoxicity in general, action on specific cellular targets, modes of toxic action, cellular uptake, and intracellular localization of NPs. Effects of serum and intercell type differences are addressed. Cationic NPs cause more pronounced disruption of plasma-membrane integrity, stronger mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, and a higher number of autophagosomes than anionic NPs. In general, nonphagocytic cells ingest cationic NPs to a higher extent, but charge density and hydrophobicity are equally important; phagocytic cells preferentially take up anionic NPs. Cells do not use different uptake routes for cationic and anionic NPs, but high uptake rates are usually linked to greater biological effects. The different uptake preferences of phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells for cationic and anionic NPs may influence the efficacy and selectivity of NPs for drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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17
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Aleksandrowicz P, Marzi A, Biedenkopf N, Beimforde N, Becker S, Hoenen T, Feldmann H, Schnittler HJ. Ebola virus enters host cells by macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Infect Dis 2011; 204 Suppl 3:S957-67. [PMID: 21987776 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus entry into host cells is the first step of infection and a crucial determinant of pathogenicity. Here we show that Ebola virus-like particles (EBOV-VLPs) composed of the glycoprotein GP(1,2) and the matrix protein VP40 use macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis to enter cells. EBOV-VLPs applied to host cells induced actin-driven ruffling and enhanced FITC-dextran uptake, which indicated macropinocytosis as the main entry mechanism. This was further supported by inhibition of entry through inhibitors of actin polymerization (latrunculin A), Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger (EIPA), and PI3-kinase (wortmannin). A fraction of EBOV-VLPs, however, colocalized with clathrin heavy chain (CHC), and VLP uptake was reduced by CHC small interfering RNA transfection and expression of the dominant negative dynamin II-K44A mutant. In contrast, we found no evidence that EBOV-VLPs enter cells via caveolae. This work identifies macropinocytosis as the major, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis as an alternative, entry route for EBOV particles. Therefore, EBOV seems to utilize different entry pathways depending on both cell type and virus particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Aleksandrowicz
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University Muenster, Vesaliusweg, Germany
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18
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Salgado IK, Serrano M, García JO, Martínez NA, Maldonado HM, Báez-Pagán CA, Lasalde-Dominicci JA, Silva WI. SorLA in glia: shared subcellular distribution patterns with caveolin-1. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:409-21. [PMID: 22127416 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SorLA is an established sorting and trafficking protein in neurons with demonstrated relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). It shares these roles with the caveolins, markers of membrane rafts microdomains. To further our knowledge on sorLA's expression and traffic, we studied sorLA expression in various cultured glia and its relation to caveolin-1 (cav-1), a caveolar microdomain marker. RT-PCR and immunoblots demonstrated sorLA expression in rat C6 glioma, primary cultures of rat astrocytes (PCRA), and human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells. PCRA were determined to express the highest levels of sorLA's message. Induction of differentiation of C6 cells into an astrocyte-like phenotype led to a significant decrease in sorLA's mRNA and protein expression. A set of complementary experimental approaches establish that sorLA and cav-1 directly or indirectly interact in glia: (1) co-fractionation in light-density membrane raft fractions of rat C6 glioma, PCRA, and human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells; (2) a subcellular co-localization distribution pattern in vesicular perinuclear compartments seen via confocal imaging in C6 and PCRA; (3) additional confocal analysis in C6 cells suggesting that the perinuclear compartments correspond to their co-localization in early endosomes and the trans-Golgi; and; (4) co-immunoprecipitation data strongly supporting their direct or indirect physical interaction. These findings further establish that sorLA is expressed in glia and that it shares its subcellular distribution pattern with cav-1. A direct or indirect cav-1/sorLA interaction could modify the trafficking and sorting functions of sorLA in glia and its proposed neuroprotective role in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K Salgado
- Department of Physiology, UPR-School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
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19
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Perez AP, Cosaka ML, Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Uptake and intracellular traffic of siRNA dendriplexes in glioblastoma cells and macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2715-28. [PMID: 22114502 PMCID: PMC3218585 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising new therapeutic approach for glioblastoma. The endocytic uptake and delivery of siRNA to intracellular compartments could be enhanced by complexation with polyamidoamine dendrimers. In the present work, the uptake mechanisms and intracellular traffic of siRNA/generation 7 dendrimer complexes (siRNA dendriplexes) were screened in T98G glioblastoma and J774 macrophages. METHODS The effect of a set of chemical inhibitors of endocytosis on the uptake and silencing capacity of dendriplexes was determined by flow cytometry. Colocalization of fluorescent dendriplexes with endocytic markers and occurrence of intracellular dissociation were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Uptake of siRNA dendriplexes by T98G cells was reduced by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, and genistein, and cytochalasine D, silencing activity was reduced by genistein; dendriplexes colocalized with cholera toxin subunit B. Therefore, caveolin-dependent endocytosis was involved both in the uptake and silencing activity of siRNA dendriplexes. On the other hand, uptake of siRNA dendriplexes by J774 cells was reduced by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, genistein, chlorpromazine, chloroquine, cytochalasine D, and nocodazole, the silencing activity was not affected by chlorpromazine, genistein or chloroquine, and dendriplexes colocalized with transferrin and cholera toxin subunit B. Thus, both clathrin-dependent and caveolin-dependent endocytosis mediated the uptake and silencing activity of the siRNA dendriplexes. SiRNA dendriplexes were internalized at higher rates by T98G but induced lower silencing than in J774 cells. SiRNA dendriplexes showed relatively slow dissociation kinetics, and their escape towards the cytosol was not mediated by acidification independently of the uptake pathway. CONCLUSION The extent of cellular uptake of siRNA dendriplexes was inversely related to their silencing activity. The higher silencing activity of siRNA dendriplexes in J774 cells could be ascribed to the contribution of clathrin-dependent and caveolin-dependent endocytosis vs only caveolin-dependent endocytosis in T98G cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Perez
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Luz Cosaka
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Ramanan V, Agrawal NJ, Liu J, Engles S, Toy R, Radhakrishnan R. Systems biology and physical biology of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:803-15. [PMID: 21792431 PMCID: PMC3153420 DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the application of experimental data and modeling of intracellular endocytic trafficking mechanisms with a focus on the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A detailed parts-list for the protein-protein interactions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been available for some time. However, recent experimental, theoretical, and computational tools have proved to be critical in establishing a sequence of events, cooperative dynamics, and energetics of the intracellular process. On the experimental front, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, photo-activated localization microscopy, and spinning-disk confocal microscopy have focused on assembly and patterning of endocytic proteins at the membrane, while on the theory front, minimal theoretical models for clathrin nucleation, biophysical models for membrane curvature and bending elasticity, as well as methods from computational structural and systems biology, have proved insightful in describing membrane topologies, curvature mechanisms, and energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyas Ramanan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Neeraj J. Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sean Engles
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Randall Toy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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21
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Valapala M, Vishwanatha JK. Lipid raft endocytosis and exosomal transport facilitate extracellular trafficking of annexin A2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30911-30925. [PMID: 21737841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.271155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, is known to associate with the plasma membrane and the endosomal system. Within the plasma membrane, AnxA2 associates in a Ca(2+) dependent manner with cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains. Here, we show that the association of AnxA2 with the lipid rafts is influenced not only by intracellular levels of Ca(2+) but also by N-terminal phosphorylation at tyrosine 23. Binding of AnxA2 to the lipid rafts is followed by the transport along the endocytic pathway to be associated with the intralumenal vesicles of the multivesicular endosomes. AnxA2-containing multivesicular endosomes fuse directly with the plasma membrane resulting in the release of the intralumenal vesicles into the extracellular environment, which facilitates the exogenous transfer of AnxA2 from one cell to another. Treatment with Ca(2+) ionophore triggers the association of AnxA2 with the specialized microdomains in the exosomal membrane that possess raft-like characteristics. Phosphorylation at Tyr-23 is also important for the localization of AnxA2 to the exosomal membranes. These results suggest that AnxA2 is trafficked from the plasma membrane rafts and is selectively incorporated into the lumenal membranes of the endosomes to escape the endosomal degradation pathway. The Ca(2+)-dependent exosomal transport constitutes a novel pathway of extracellular transport of AnxA2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107; Molecular Biology and Immunology, Fort Worth, Texas 76107; Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107.
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22
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Pallaoro A, Braun GB, Reich NO, Moskovits M. Mapping local pH in live cells using encapsulated fluorescent SERS nanotags. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:618-622. [PMID: 20183812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pallaoro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Abstract
The picornavirus family consists of a large number of small RNA viruses, many of which are significant pathogens of humans and livestock. They are amongst the simplest of vertebrate viruses comprising a single stranded positive sense RNA genome within a T = 1 (quasi T = 3) icosahedral protein capsid of approximately 30 nm diameter. The structures of a number of picornaviruses have been determined at close to atomic resolution by X-ray crystallography. The structures of cell entry intermediate particles and complexes of virus particles with receptor molecules or antibodies have also been obtained by X-ray crystallography or at a lower resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. Many of the receptors used by different picornaviruses have been identified, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that many use co-receptors and alternative receptors to bind to and infect cells. However, the mechanisms by which these viruses release their genomes and transport them across a cellular membrane to gain access to the cytoplasm are still poorly understood. Indeed, detailed studies of cell entry mechanisms have been made only on a few members of the family, and it is yet to be established how broadly the results of these are applicable across the full spectrum of picornaviruses. Working models of the cell entry process are being developed for the best studied picornaviruses, the enteroviruses. These viruses maintain particle integrity throughout the infection process and function as genome delivery modules. However, there is currently no model to explain how viruses such as cardio- and aphthoviruses that appear to simply dissociate into subunits during uncoating deliver their genomes into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Tuthill
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 ONF, UK,
| | - Elisabetta Groppelli
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - James M. Hogle
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - David J. Rowlands
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
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Frey MR, Dise RS, Edelblum KL, Polk DB. p38 kinase regulates epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation and cellular migration. EMBO J 2006; 25:5683-92. [PMID: 17139251 PMCID: PMC1698902 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Internalization and proteolytic degradation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (R) following ligand binding is an important mechanism for regulating EGF-stimulated signals. Using pharmacological and RNA interference inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, we show that p38 is required for efficient EGF-induced EGFR destruction but not internalization. In the absence of p38 activity, EGF fails to stimulate the ubiquitin ligase Cbl or ubiquitinylation of EGFR, and internalized EGFR accumulates in intracellular vesicles containing caveolin-1. These effects are accompanied by loss of EGFR phosphorylation on Y1045, a phosphorylation site required for Cbl activation. Furthermore, similar to cells treated with p38 inhibitors, intestinal epithelial cells expressing Y1045F EGFR mutants show increased proliferation but not migration in response to EGF, thus uncoupling these biological responses. Together these data position p38 as a modulator of ligand-stimulated EGFR processing and demonstrate that this processing has a profound impact on the cellular outcome of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Frey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Dise
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRB IV Room 1025, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0696, USA. Tel.: +1 615 322 7449; Fax: +1 615 343 5323; E-mail:
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25
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Rodríguez NE, Gaur U, Wilson ME. Role of caveolae in Leishmania chagasi phagocytosis and intracellular survival in macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2006; 8:1106-20. [PMID: 16819964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, ganglioside M1 (GM1) and caveolin-1. We explored whether caveolae facilitate the entry of Leishmania chagasi into murine macrophages. Transient depletion of macrophage membrane cholesterol by 1 h exposure to methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) impaired the phagocytosis of non-opsonized and serum-opsonized virulent L. chagasi. In contrast, MbetaCD did not affect the phagocytosis of opsonized attenuated L. chagasi. As early as 5 min after phagocytosis, virulent L. chagasi colocalized with the caveolae markers GM1 and caveolin-1, and colocalization continued for over 48 h. We explored the kinetics of lysosome fusion. Whereas fluorescent-labelled dextran entered macrophage lysosomes by 30 min after addition, localization of L. chagasi in lysosomes was delayed for 24-48 h after phagocytosis. However, after transient depletion of cholesterol from macrophage membrane with MbetaCD, the proportion of L. chagasi-containing phagosomes that fused with lysosomes increased significantly. Furthermore, intracellular replication was impaired in parasites entering after transient cholesterol depletion, even though lipid microdomains were restored by 4 h after treatment. These observations suggest that virulent L. chagasi localize in caveolae during phagocytosis by host macrophages, and that cholesterol-containing macrophage membrane domains, such as caveolae, target parasites to a pathway that promotes delay of lysosome fusion and intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilda E Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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León-Sicairos N, Reyes-López M, Canizalez-Román A, Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Serrano-Luna J, Arroyo R, de la Garza M. Human hololactoferrin: endocytosis and use as an iron source by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2006; 151:3859-3871. [PMID: 16339932 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric protozoan that exclusively infects human beings. This parasite requires iron for its metabolic functions. Lactoferrin is a mammalian glycoprotein that chelates extracellular iron on mucosal surfaces, including the surface of the large intestine, where E. histolytica initiates infection. This work examined the interaction in vitro of E. histolytica trophozoites with human hololactoferrin (iron-saturated lactoferrin). A minimum concentration of 50 microM Fe from hololactoferrin supported growth of the amoeba. Amoebic binding sites for hololactoferrin were different from those for human apolactoferrin, holotransferrin and haemoglobin. One amoebic hololactoferrrin-binding polypeptide of 90 kDa was found, which was not observed after treatment of trophozoites with trypsin. Hololactoferrin-binding-protein levels increased in amoebas starved of iron, or grown in hololactoferrin. Internalization of hololactoferrin was inhibited by filipin. Endocytosed hololactoferrin colocalized with an anti-chick embryo caveolin mAb in amoebic vesicles, and lactoferrin was further detected in acidic vesicles; amoebic caveolin of 22 kDa was detected by Western blotting using this antibody. Cysteine proteases from amoebic extracts were able to cleave hololactoferrin. Together, these data indicate that E. histolytica trophozoites bind to hololactoferrin through specific membrane lactoferrin-binding proteins. This ferric protein might be internalized via caveolae-like microdomains, then used as an iron source, and degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia León-Sicairos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, México, D F 07000, Mexico
| | - Magda Reyes-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, México, D F 07000, Mexico
| | - Adrián Canizalez-Román
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, México, D F 07000, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, México, D F 07000, Mexico
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, México, D F 07000, Mexico
| | - Rossana Arroyo
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, México, D F 07000, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, México, D F 07000, Mexico
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