1
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Geng Q, Keya JJ, Hotta T, Verhey KJ. The kinesin-3 KIF1C undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation for accumulation of specific transcripts at the cell periphery. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00147-9. [PMID: 38898313 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In cells, mRNAs are transported to and positioned at subcellular areas to locally regulate protein production. Recent studies have identified the kinesin-3 family member motor protein KIF1C as an RNA transporter. However, it is not clear how KIF1C interacts with RNA molecules. Here, we show that the KIF1C C-terminal tail domain contains an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that drives liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). KIF1C forms dynamic puncta in cells that display physical properties of liquid condensates and incorporate RNA molecules in a sequence-selective manner. Endogenous KIF1C forms condensates in cellular protrusions, where mRNAs are enriched in an IDR-dependent manner. Purified KIF1C tail constructs undergo LLPS in vitro at near-endogenous nM concentrations and in the absence of crowding agents and can directly recruit RNA molecules. Overall, our work uncovers an intrinsic correlation between the LLPS activity of KIF1C and its role in mRNA positioning. In addition, the LLPS activity of KIF1C's tail represents a new mode of motor-cargo interaction that extends our current understanding of cytoskeletal motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Geng
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jakia Jannat Keya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takashi Hotta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Fresquez AM, Hogan JO, Rivera P, Patterson KM, Singer K, Reynolds JM, White C. STIM1-dependent store-operated calcium entry mediates sex differences in macrophage chemotaxis and monocyte recruitment. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107422. [PMID: 38815866 PMCID: PMC11231831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of monocyte-derived cells to sites of infection and injury is greater in males than in females, due in part, to increased chemotaxis, the process of directed cell movement toward a chemical signal. The mechanisms governing sexual dimorphism in chemotaxis are not known. We hypothesized a role for the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway in regulating chemotaxis by modulating leading and trailing edge membrane dynamics. We measured the chemotactic response of bone marrow-derived macrophages migrating toward complement component 5a (C5a). Chemotactic ability was dependent on sex and inflammatory phenotype (M0, M1, and M2), and correlated with SOCE. Notably, females exhibited a significantly lower magnitude of SOCE than males. When we knocked out the SOCE gene, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), it eliminated SOCE and equalized chemotaxis across both sexes. Analysis of membrane dynamics at the leading and trailing edges showed that STIM1 influences chemotaxis by facilitating retraction of the trailing edge. Using BTP2 to pharmacologically inhibit SOCE mirrored the effects of STIM1 knockout, demonstrating a central role of STIM/Orai-mediated calcium signaling. Importantly, by monitoring the recruitment of adoptively transferred monocytes in an in vivo model of peritonitis, we show that increased infiltration of male monocytes during infection is dependent on STIM1. These data support a model in which STIM1-dependent SOCE is necessary and sufficient for mediating the sex difference in monocyte recruitment and macrophage chemotactic ability by regulating trailing edge dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Fresquez
- Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James O Hogan
- Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen M Patterson
- Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph M Reynolds
- Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carl White
- Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology, and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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3
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Xu J, Hörner M, Nagel M, Korneck M, Noß M, Hauser S, Schöls L, Admard J, Casadei N, Schüle R. Unraveling Axonal Transcriptional Landscapes: Insights from iPSC-Derived Cortical Neurons and Implications for Motor Neuron Degeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586780. [PMID: 38585749 PMCID: PMC10996649 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal function and pathology are deeply influenced by the distinct molecular profiles of the axon and soma. Traditional studies have often overlooked these differences due to the technical challenges of compartment specific analysis. In this study, we employ a robust RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, using microfluidic devices, to generate high-quality axonal transcriptomes from iPSC-derived cortical neurons (CNs). We achieve high specificity of axonal fractions, ensuring sample purity without contamination. Comparative analysis revealed a unique and specific transcriptional landscape in axonal compartments, characterized by diverse transcript types, including protein-coding mRNAs, ribosomal proteins (RPs), mitochondrial-encoded RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Previous works have reported the existence of transcription factors (TFs) in the axon. Here, we detect a subset of previously unreported TFs specific to the axon and indicative of their active participation in transcriptional regulation. To investigate transcripts and pathways essential for central motor neuron (MN) degeneration and maintenance we analyzed KIF1C-knockout (KO) CNs, modeling hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a disorder associated with prominent length-dependent degeneration of central MN axons. We found that several key factors crucial for survival and health were absent in KIF1C-KO axons, highlighting a possible role of these also in other neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together, this study underscores the utility of microfluidic devices in studying compartment-specific transcriptomics in human neuronal models and reveals complex molecular dynamics of axonal biology. The impact of KIF1C on the axonal transcriptome not only deepens our understanding of MN diseases but also presents a promising avenue for exploration of compartment specific disease mechanisms.
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4
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Liu Y, Jiao Y, Li X, Li G, Wang W, Liu Z, Qin D, Zhong L, Liu L, Shuai J, Li Z. An entropy-based approach for assessing the directional persistence of cell migration. Biophys J 2024; 123:730-744. [PMID: 38366586 PMCID: PMC10995411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell migration, which is primarily characterized by directional persistence, is essential for the development of normal tissues and organs, as well as for numerous pathological processes. However, there is a lack of simple and efficient tools to analyze the systematic properties of persistence based on cellular trajectory data. Here, we present a novel approach, the entropy of angular distribution , which combines cellular turning dynamics and Shannon entropy to explore the statistical and time-varying properties of persistence that strongly correlate with cellular migration modes. Our results reveal the changes in the persistence of multiple cell lines that are tightly regulated by both intra- and extracellular cues, including Arpin protein, collagen gel/substrate, and physical constraints. Significantly, some previously unreported distinctive details of persistence have also been captured, helping to elucidate how directional persistence is distributed and evolves in different cell populations. The analysis suggests that the entropy of angular distribution-based approach provides a powerful metric for evaluating directional persistence and enables us to better understand the relationships between cellular behaviors and multiscale cues, which also provides some insights into the migration dynamics of cell populations, such as collective cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona; Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Xinwei Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Dui Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Zhong
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhangyong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Geng Q, Keya JJ, Hotta T, Verhey KJ. KIF1C, an RNA transporting kinesin-3, undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation through its C-terminal disordered domain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563538. [PMID: 37961614 PMCID: PMC10634753 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of mRNA is critical for local control of protein production. Recent studies have identified the kinesin-3 family member KIF1C as an RNA transporter. However, it is not clear how KIF1C interacts with RNA molecules. Here, we show that KIF1C's C-terminal tail domain is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) containing a prion-like domain (PLD) that is unique compared to the C-terminal tails of other kinesin family members. In cells, KIF1C constructs undergo reversible formation of dynamic puncta that display physical properties of liquid condensates and incorporate RNA molecules in a sequence-selective manner. The IDR is necessary and sufficient for driving liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) but the condensate properties can be modulated by adjacent coiled-coil segments. The purified KIF1C IDR domain undergoes LLPS in vitro at near-endogenous nM concentrations in a salt-dependent manner. Deletion of the IDR abolished the ability of KIF1C to undergo LLPS and disrupted the distribution of mRNA cargoes to the cell periphery. Our work thus uncovers an intrinsic correlation between the LLPS activity of KIF1C and its role as an RNA transporter. In addition, as the first kinesin motor reported to undergo LLPS, our work reveals a previously uncharacterized mode of motor-cargo interaction that extends our understanding of the behavior of cytoskeletal motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Geng
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jakia Jannat Keya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takashi Hotta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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6
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Hohmann T, Hohmann U, Dehghani F. MACC1-induced migration in tumors: Current state and perspective. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165676. [PMID: 37051546 PMCID: PMC10084939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are still a global, heavy health burden. Many tumor types cannot be treated curatively, underlining the need for new treatment targets. In recent years, metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) was identified as a promising biomarker and drug target, as it is promoting tumor migration, initiation, proliferation, and others in a multitude of solid cancers. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge about MACC1-induced tumor cell migration with a special focus on the cytoskeletal and adhesive systems. In addition, a brief overview of several in vitro models used for the analysis of cell migration is given. In this context, we will point to issues with the currently most prevalent models used to study MACC1-dependent migration. Lastly, open questions about MACC1-dependent effects on tumor cell migration will be addressed.
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Linder S, Cervero P, Eddy R, Condeelis J. Mechanisms and roles of podosomes and invadopodia. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:86-106. [PMID: 36104625 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion into the surrounding extracellular matrix or across tissue boundaries and endothelial barriers occurs in both physiological and pathological scenarios such as immune surveillance or cancer metastasis. Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively called 'invadosomes', are actin-based structures that drive the proteolytic invasion of cells, by forming highly regulated platforms for the localized release of lytic enzymes that degrade the matrix. Recent advances in high-resolution microscopy techniques, in vivo imaging and high-throughput analyses have led to considerable progress in understanding mechanisms of invadosomes, revealing the intricate inner architecture of these structures, as well as their growing repertoire of functions that extends well beyond matrix degradation. In this Review, we discuss the known functions, architecture and regulatory mechanisms of podosomes and invadopodia. In particular, we describe the molecular mechanisms of localized actin turnover and microtubule-based cargo delivery, with a special focus on matrix-lytic enzymes that enable proteolytic invasion. Finally, we point out topics that should become important in the invadosome field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Pasquale Cervero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Eddy
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Integrin receptor trafficking in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:271-302. [PMID: 36813362 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of 24 different heterodimers that are indispensable for multicellular life. Cell polarity, adhesion and migration are controlled by integrins delivered to the cell surface which in turn is regulated by the exo- and endocytic trafficking of integrins. The deep integration between trafficking and cell signaling determines the spatial and temporal output from any biochemical cue. Integrin trafficking plays a key role in development and many pathological conditions, especially cancer. Several novel regulators of integrin traffic have been discovered in recent times, including a novel class of integrin carrying vesicles, the intracellular nanovesicles (INVs). The tight regulation of trafficking pathways by cell signaling, where kinases phosphorylate key small GTPases in the trafficking pathway enable coordination of cell response to the extracellular milieu. Integrin heterodimer expression and trafficking differ in different tissues and contexts. In this Chapter, we discuss recent studies on integrin trafficking and its contribution to normal physiological and pathophysiological states.
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Nagel M, Noss M, Xu J, Horn N, Ueffing M, Boldt K, Schuele R. The kinesin motor KIF1C is a putative transporter of the exon junction complex in neuronal cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 29:rna.079426.122. [PMID: 36316088 PMCID: PMC9808568 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079426.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurons critically depend on regulated RNA localization and tight control of spatio-temporal gene expression to maintain their morphological and functional integrity. Mutations in the kinesin motor protein gene KIF1C cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, an autosomal recessive disease leading to predominant degeneration of the long axons of central motoneurons. In this study we aimed to gain insight into the molecular function of KIF1C and understand how KIF1C dysfunction contributes to motoneuron degeneration. We used affinity proteomics in neuronally differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) to identify the protein complex associated with KIF1C in neuronal cells; candidate interactions were then validated by immunoprecipitation and mislocalization of putative KIF1C cargoes was studied by immunostainings. We found KIF1C to interact with all core components of the exon junction complex (EJC); expression of mutant KIF1C in neuronal cells leads to loss of the typical localization distally in neurites. Instead, EJC core components accumulate in the pericentrosomal region, here co-localizing with mutant KIF1C. These findings suggest KIF1C as a neuronal transporter of the EJC. Interestingly, the binding of KIF1C to the EJC is RNA-mediated, as treatment with RNAse prior to immunoprecipitation almost completely abolishes the interaction. Silica-based solid-phase extraction of UV-crosslinked RNA-protein complexes furthermore supports direct interaction of KIF1C with RNA, as recently also demonstrated for kinesin heavy chain. Taken together, our findings are consistent with a model where KIF1C transports mRNA in an EJC-bound and therefore transcriptionally silenced state along neurites, thus providing the missing link between the EJC and mRNA localization in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Nagel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
| | - Marvin Noss
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen
| | - Jishu Xu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen; Graduate School
| | - Nicola Horn
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen
| | - Rebecca Schuele
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen
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Siddiqui N, Roth D, Toleikis A, Zwetsloot AJ, Cross RA, Straube A. Force generation of KIF1C is impaired by pathogenic mutations. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3862-3870.e6. [PMID: 35961316 PMCID: PMC9631238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular transport is essential for neuronal function and survival. The most effective plus-end-directed neuronal transporter is the kinesin-3 KIF1C, which transports large secretory vesicles and endosomes.1-4 Mutations in KIF1C cause hereditary spastic paraplegia and cerebellar dysfunction in human patients.5-8 In contrast to other kinesin-3s, KIF1C is a stable dimer and a highly processive motor in its native state.9,10 Here, we establish a baseline for the single-molecule mechanics of Kif1C. We show that full-length KIF1C molecules can processively step against the load of an optical trap and reach average stall forces of 3.7 pN. Compared with kinesin-1, KIF1C has a higher propensity to slip backward under load, which results in a lower maximal single-molecule force. However, KIF1C remains attached to the microtubule while slipping backward and re-engages quickly, consistent with its super processivity. Two pathogenic mutations, P176L and R169W, that cause hereditary spastic paraplegia in humans7,8 maintain fast, processive single-molecule motility in vitro but with decreased run length and slightly increased unloaded velocity compared with the wild-type motor. Under load in an optical trap, force generation by these mutants is severely reduced. In cells, the same mutants are impaired in producing sufficient force to efficiently relocate organelles. Our results show how its mechanics supports KIF1C's role as an intracellular transporter and explain how pathogenic mutations at the microtubule-binding interface of KIF1C impair the cellular function of these long-distance transporters and result in neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Siddiqui
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel Roth
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Algirdas Toleikis
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alexander J Zwetsloot
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert A Cross
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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11
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He J, Shen R, Liu Q, Zheng S, Wang X, Gao J, Wang Q, Huang J, Ding J. RGD Nanoarrays with Nanospacing Gradient Selectively Induce Orientation and Directed Migration of Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37436-37446. [PMID: 35943249 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Directed migration of cells through cell-surface interactions is a paramount prerequisite in biomaterial-induced tissue regeneration. However, whether and how the nanoscale spatial gradient of adhesion molecules on a material surface can induce directed migration of cells is not sufficiently known. Herein, we employed block copolymer micelle nanolithography to prepare gold nanoarrays with a nanospacing gradient, which were prepared by continuously changing the dipping velocity. Then, a self-assembly monolayer technique was applied to graft arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptides on the nanodots and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the glass background. Since RGD can trigger specific cell adhesion via conjugating with integrin (its receptor in the cell membrane) and PEG can resist protein adsorption and nonspecific cell adhesion, a nanopattern with cell-adhesion contrast and a gradient of RGD nanospacing was eventually prepared. In vitro cell behaviors were examined using endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as a demonstration. We found that SMCs exhibited significant orientation and directed migration along the nanospacing gradient, while ECs exhibited only a weak spontaneously anisotropic migration. The gradient response was also dependent upon the RGD nanospacing ranges, namely, the start and end nanospacings under a given distance and gradient. The different responses of these two cell types to the RGD nanospacing gradient provide new insights for designing cell-selective nanomaterials potentially used in cell screening, wound healing, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Runjia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qunsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiale Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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12
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Saji T, Nishita M, Ikeda K, Endo M, Okada Y, Minami Y. c-Src-mediated phosphorylation and activation of kinesin KIF1C promotes elongation of invadopodia in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102090. [PMID: 35654143 PMCID: PMC9234240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia on cancer cells play crucial roles in tumor invasion and metastasis by degrading and remodeling the surrounding extracellular matrices (ECM) and driving cell migration in complex three-dimensional environments. Previous studies have indicated that microtubules (MTs) play a crucial role in elongation of invadopodia, but not their formation, probably by regulating delivery of membrane and secretory proteins within invadopodia. However, the identity of the responsible MT-based molecular motors and their regulation has been elusive. Here, we show that KIF1C, a member of kinesin-3 family, is localized to the tips of invadopodia and is required for their elongation and the invasion of cancer cells. We also found that c-Src phosphorylates tyrosine residues within the stalk domain of KIF1C, thereby enhancing its association with tyrosine phosphatase PTPD1, that in turn activates MT-binding ability of KIF1C, probably by relieving the autoinhibitory interaction between its motor and stalk domains. These findings shed new insights into how c-Src signaling is coupled to the MT-dependent dynamic nature of invadopodia, and also advance our understanding of the mechanism of KIF1C activation through release of its autoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saji
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiru Nishita
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kazuho Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Endo
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan; Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Universal Biology Institute (UBI) and International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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13
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Weber K, Hey S, Cervero P, Linder S. The circle of life: Phases of podosome formation, turnover and reemergence. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151218. [PMID: 35334303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are highly dynamic actin-rich structures in a variety of cell types, especially monocytic cells. They fulfill multiple functions such as adhesion, mechanosensing, or extracellular matrix degradation, thus allowing cells to detect and respond to a changing environment. These abilities are based on an intricate architecture that enables podosomes to sense mechanical properties of their substratum and to transduce them intracellularly in order to generate an appropriate cellular response. These processes are enabled through the tightly orchestrated interplay of more than 300 different components that are dynamically recruited during podosome formation and turnover. In this review, we discuss the different phases of the podosome life cycle and the current knowledge on regulatory factors that impact on the genesis, activity, dissolution and reemergence of podosomes. We also highlight mechanoregulatory processes that become important during these different stages, on the level of individual podosomes, and also at podosome sub- and superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hey
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Cervero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Role of ARP2/3 Complex-Driven Actin Polymerization in RSV Infection. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010026. [PMID: 35055974 PMCID: PMC8781601 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral agent causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under five years old worldwide. The RSV infection cycle starts with macropinocytosis-based entry into the host airway epithelial cell membrane, followed by virus transcription, replication, assembly, budding, and spread. It is not surprising that the host actin cytoskeleton contributes to different stages of the RSV replication cycle. RSV modulates actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex-driven actin polymerization for a robust filopodia induction on the infected lung epithelial A549 cells, which contributes to the virus’s budding, and cell-to-cell spread. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of RSV-induced cytoskeletal modulation and its role in lung pathobiology may identify novel intervention strategies. This review will focus on the role of the ARP2/3 complex in RSV’s pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets to the ARP2/3 complex for RSV.
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15
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Pichon X, Moissoglu K, Coleno E, Wang T, Imbert A, Robert MC, Peter M, Chouaib R, Walter T, Mueller F, Zibara K, Bertrand E, Mili S. The kinesin KIF1C transports APC-dependent mRNAs to cell protrusions. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1528-1544. [PMID: 34493599 PMCID: PMC8594469 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078576.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
RNA localization and local translation are important for numerous cellular functions. In mammals, a class of mRNAs localize to cytoplasmic protrusions in an APC-dependent manner, with roles during cell migration. Here, we investigated this localization mechanism. We found that the KIF1C motor interacts with APC-dependent mRNAs and is required for their localization. Live cell imaging revealed rapid, active transport of single mRNAs over long distances that requires both microtubules and KIF1C. Two-color imaging directly revealed single mRNAs transported by single KIF1C motors, with the 3'UTR being sufficient to trigger KIF1C-dependent RNA transport and localization. Moreover, KIF1C remained associated with peripheral, multimeric RNA clusters and was required for their formation. These results reveal a widespread RNA transport pathway in mammalian cells, in which the KIF1C motor has a dual role in transporting RNAs and clustering them within cytoplasmic protrusions. Interestingly, KIF1C also transports its own mRNA, suggesting a possible feedback loop acting at the level of mRNA transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Pichon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Konstadinos Moissoglu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Emeline Coleno
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Arthur Imbert
- MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
- Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex, France
- INSERM, U900, 75248 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Robert
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Peter
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Racha Chouaib
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Thomas Walter
- MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
- Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex, France
- INSERM, U900, 75248 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Florian Mueller
- Unité Imagerie et Modélisation, Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3691, 75015 Paris, France
- C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS - Paris, France
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- ER045, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Stavroula Mili
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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16
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The EMT activator ZEB1 accelerates endosomal trafficking to establish a polarity axis in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6354. [PMID: 34732702 PMCID: PMC8566461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a transcriptionally governed process by which cancer cells establish a front-rear polarity axis that facilitates motility and invasion. Dynamic assembly of focal adhesions and other actin-based cytoskeletal structures on the leading edge of motile cells requires precise spatial and temporal control of protein trafficking. Yet, the way in which EMT-activating transcriptional programs interface with vesicular trafficking networks that effect cell polarity change remains unclear. Here, by utilizing multiple approaches to assess vesicular transport dynamics through endocytic recycling and retrograde trafficking pathways in lung adenocarcinoma cells at distinct positions on the EMT spectrum, we find that the EMT-activating transcription factor ZEB1 accelerates endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of plasma membrane-bound proteins. ZEB1 drives turnover of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase by hastening receptor endocytosis and transport to the lysosomal compartment for degradation. ZEB1 relieves a plus-end-directed microtubule-dependent kinesin motor protein (KIF13A) and a clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex subunit (AP1S2) from microRNA-dependent silencing, thereby accelerating cargo transport through the endocytic recycling and retrograde vesicular pathways, respectively. Depletion of KIF13A or AP1S2 mitigates ZEB1-dependent focal adhesion dynamics, front-rear axis polarization, and cancer cell motility. Thus, ZEB1-dependent transcriptional networks govern vesicular trafficking dynamics to effect cell polarity change. The way in which metastatic tumour cells control endocytic vesicular trafficking networks to establish a front-rear polarity axis that facilitates motility remains unclear. Here, the authors show that the EMT activator ZEB1 influences vesicular trafficking dynamics to execute cell polarity change.
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17
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Gagat M, Zielińska W, Mikołajczyk K, Zabrzyński J, Krajewski A, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Grzanka D, Grzanka A. CRISPR-Based Activation of Endogenous Expression of TPM1 Inhibits Inflammatory Response of Primary Human Coronary Artery Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor α. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668032. [PMID: 34604206 PMCID: PMC8484921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is one of the most important proinflammatory cytokines, which affects many processes associated with the growth and characteristics of endothelial, smooth muscle, and immune system cells. However, there is no correlation between most in vivo and in vitro studies on its role in endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In this study, we examined the effect of recombinant human (rh) TNFα produced in HEK293 cells on primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (pHCAECs) in the context of F-actin organization and such processes as migration and adhesion. Furthermore, we evaluated the possibility of the inhibition of the endothelial inflammatory response by the CRISPR-based regulation of TPM1 gene expression. We showed that TNFα-induced activation of pHCAECs was related to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into parallel-arranged stress fibers running along the longer axis of pHCAECs. It allowed for the directed and parallel motion of the cells during coordinated migration. This change in F-actin organization promoted strong but discontinuous cell–cell contacts involved in signalization between migrating cells. Moreover, this form of intercellular connections together with locally increased adhesion was related to the formation of migrasomes and further migracytosis. Stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton through the CRISPR-based activation of endogenous expression of TPM1 resulted in the inhibition of the inflammatory response of pHCAECs following treatment with rh TNFα and stabilization of cell–cell junctions through reduced cleavage of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and maintenance of the stable levels of α- and β-catenins. We also showed that CRISPR-based activation of TPM1 reduced inflammatory activation, proliferation, and migration of primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Therefore, products of the TPM1 gene may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of proinflammatory vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klaudia Mikołajczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adrian Krajewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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18
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Stock J, Pauli A. Self-organized cell migration across scales - from single cell movement to tissue formation. Development 2021; 148:148/7/dev191767. [PMID: 33824176 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-organization is a key feature of many biological and developmental processes, including cell migration. Although cell migration has traditionally been viewed as a biological response to extrinsic signals, advances within the past two decades have highlighted the importance of intrinsic self-organizing properties to direct cell migration on multiple scales. In this Review, we will explore self-organizing mechanisms that lay the foundation for both single and collective cell migration. Based on in vitro and in vivo examples, we will discuss theoretical concepts that underlie the persistent migration of single cells in the absence of directional guidance cues, and the formation of an autonomous cell collective that drives coordinated migration. Finally, we highlight the general implications of self-organizing principles guiding cell migration for biological and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stock
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC) Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Pauli
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC) Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Theisen U, Ernst AU, Heyne RLS, Ring TP, Thorn-Seshold O, Köster RW. Microtubules and motor proteins support zebrafish neuronal migration by directing cargo. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151951. [PMID: 32668451 PMCID: PMC7659711 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration during development is necessary to form an ordered and functional brain. Postmitotic neurons require microtubules and dynein to move, but the mechanisms by which they contribute to migration are not fully characterized. Using tegmental hindbrain nuclei neurons in zebrafish embryos together with subcellular imaging, optogenetics, and photopharmacology, we show that, in vivo, the centrosome's position relative to the nucleus is not linked to greatest motility in this cell type. Nevertheless, microtubules, dynein, and kinesin-1 are essential for migration, and we find that interference with endosome formation or the Golgi apparatus impairs migration to a similar extent as disrupting microtubules. In addition, an imbalance in the traffic of the model cargo Cadherin-2 also reduces neuronal migration. These results lead us to propose that microtubules act as cargo carriers to control spatiotemporal protein distribution, which in turn controls motility. This adds crucial insights into the variety of ways that microtubules can support successful neuronal migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Theisen
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander U Ernst
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany.,University of Bern, Institute of Anatomy, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronja L S Heyne
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany.,Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias P Ring
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute for Acoustics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Zong H, Hazelbaker M, Moe C, Ems-McClung SC, Hu K, Walczak CE. Spatial regulation of MCAK promotes cell polarization and focal adhesion turnover to drive robust cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:590-604. [PMID: 33566676 PMCID: PMC8101467 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric distribution of microtubule (MT) dynamics in migrating cells is important for cell polarization, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we addressed this question by studying the role of the MT depolymerase, MCAK (mitotic centromere-associated kinesin), in the highly persistent migration of RPE-1 cells. MCAK knockdown leads to slowed migration and poor directional movement. Fixed and live cell imaging revealed that MCAK knockdown results in excessive membrane ruffling as well as defects in cell polarization and the maintenance of a major protrusive front. Additionally, loss of MCAK increases the lifetime of focal adhesions by decreasing their disassembly rate. These functions correlate with a spatial distribution of MCAK activity, wherein activity is higher in the trailing edge of cells compared with the leading edge. Overexpression of Rac1 has a dominant effect over MCAK activity, placing it downstream of or in a parallel pathway to MCAK function in migration. Together, our data support a model in which the polarized distribution of MCAK activity and subsequent differential regulation of MT dynamics contribute to cell polarity, centrosome positioning, and focal adhesion dynamics, which all help facilitate robust directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zong
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Mark Hazelbaker
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Christina Moe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | | | - Ke Hu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Claire E Walczak
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
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21
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Wang M, Liu J, Tu Y, Zhao Z, Qu J, Chen K, Chen Y, Sun Y, Zhao H, Deng Y, Wu C. RSU-1 interaction with prohibitin-2 links cell-extracellular matrix detachment to downregulation of ERK signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100109. [PMID: 33853759 PMCID: PMC7948471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) detachment is known to decrease extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, an intracellular pathway that is central for control of cell behavior. How cell–ECM detachment is linked to downregulation of ERK signaling, however, is incompletely understood. We show here that focal adhesion protein Ras Suppressor 1 (RSU1) plays a critical role in cell–ECM detachment induced suppression of ERK signaling. We have identified prohibitin 2 (PHB2), a component of membrane lipid rafts, as a novel binding protein of RSU1, and mapped a major RSU1-binding site to PHB2 amino acids 150 to 206 in the C-terminal region of the PHB/SPFH (stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflKC) domain. The PHB2 binding is mediated by multiple sites located in the N-terminal leucine-rich repeat region of RSU1. Depletion of PHB2 suppressed cell–ECM adhesion–induced ERK activation. Furthermore, cell–ECM detachment increased RSU1 association with membrane lipid rafts and interaction with PHB2. Finally, knockout of RSU1 or inhibition of RSU1 interaction with PHB2 by overexpression of the major RSU1-binding PHB2 fragment (amino acids 150–206) effectively suppressed the cell–ECM detachment induced downregulation of ERK signaling. Additionally, expression of venus-tagged wild-type RSU1 restored ERK signaling, while expression of venus-tagged PHB2-binding defective RSU1 mutant in which the N-terminal leucine-rich repeat region is deleted did not. Taken together, Our findings identify a novel RSU1-PHB2 signaling axis that senses cell–ECM detachment and links it to decreased ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizeng Tu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; The Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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22
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Regulation of invadosomes by microtubules: Not only a matter of railways. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Brauer EK, Subramaniam R, Harris LJ. Regulation and Dynamics of Gene Expression During the Life Cycle of Fusarium graminearum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1368-1374. [PMID: 32460691 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-20-0080-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens survive harsh environments and overcome physical, temporal, and chemical barriers to colonize their hosts and reproduce. Fusarium graminearum was one of the first fungal plant pathogens for which transcriptomic tools were developed, making analysis of gene expression a cornerstone approach in studying its biology. The analysis of gene expression in diverse in vitro conditions and during infection of different cereal crops has revealed subsets of both unique and shared transcriptionally regulated genes. Together with genetic studies, these approaches have enhanced our understanding of the development and infection cycle of this economically important pathogen. Here, we will outline recent advances in transcriptional profiling during sporogenesis, spore germination, vegetative growth, and host infection. Several transcriptional regulators have been identified as essential components in these responses and the role of select transcription factors will be highlighted. Finally, we describe some of the gaps in our understanding of F. graminearum biology and how expression analysis could help to address these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Brauer
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Linda J Harris
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
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24
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Quantitative Phase Imaging of Spreading Fibroblasts Identifies the Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in the Stabilization of the Cell Rear. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081089. [PMID: 32707896 PMCID: PMC7463699 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells attaching to the extracellular matrix spontaneously acquire front-rear polarity. This self-organization process comprises spatial activation of polarity signaling networks and the establishment of a protruding cell front and a non-protruding cell rear. Cell polarization also involves the reorganization of cell mass, notably the nucleus that is positioned at the cell rear. It remains unclear, however, how these processes are regulated. Here, using coherence-controlled holographic microscopy (CCHM) for non-invasive live-cell quantitative phase imaging (QPI), we examined the role of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its interacting partner Rack1 in dry mass distribution in spreading Rat2 fibroblasts. We found that FAK-depleted cells adopt an elongated, bipolar phenotype with a high central body mass that gradually decreases toward the ends of the elongated processes. Further characterization of spreading cells showed that FAK-depleted cells are incapable of forming a stable rear; rather, they form two distally positioned protruding regions. Continuous protrusions at opposite sides results in an elongated cell shape. In contrast, Rack1-depleted cells are round and large with the cell mass sharply dropping from the nuclear area towards the basal side. We propose that FAK and Rack1 act differently yet coordinately to establish front-rear polarity in spreading cells.
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25
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Abstract
Directed cell migration is critical for embryogenesis and organ development, wound healing and the immune response. Microtubules are dynamic polymers that control directional migration through a number of coordinated processes: microtubules are the tracks for long-distance intracellular transport, crucial for delivery of new membrane components and signalling molecules to the leading edge of a migrating cell and the recycling of adhesion receptors. Microtubules act as force generators and compressive elements to support sustained cell protrusions. The assembly and disassembly of microtubules is coupled to Rho GTPase signalling, thereby controlling actin polymerisation, myosin-driven contractility and the turnover of cellular adhesions locally. Cross-talk of actin and microtubule dynamics is mediated through a number of common binding proteins and regulators. Furthermore, cortical microtubule capture sites are physically linked to focal adhesions, facilitating the delivery of secretory vesicles and efficient cross-talk. Here we summarise the diverse functions of microtubules during cell migration, aiming to show how they contribute to the spatially and temporally coordinated sequence of events that permit efficient, directional and persistent migration.
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26
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Gabrych DR, Lau VZ, Niwa S, Silverman MA. Going Too Far Is the Same as Falling Short †: Kinesin-3 Family Members in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:419. [PMID: 31616253 PMCID: PMC6775250 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper intracellular trafficking is essential for neuronal development and function, and when any aspect of this process is dysregulated, the resulting "transportopathy" causes neurological disorders. Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a family of such diseases attributed to over 80 spastic gait genes (SPG), specifically characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness. Multiple genes in the trafficking pathway such as those relating to microtubule structure and function and organelle biogenesis are representative disease loci. Microtubule motor proteins, or kinesins, are also causal in HSP, specifically mutations in Kinesin-I/KIF5A (SPG10) and two kinesin-3 family members; KIF1A (SPG30) and KIF1C (SPG58). KIF1A is a motor enriched in neurons, and involved in the anterograde transport of a variety of vesicles that contribute to pre- and post-synaptic assembly, autophagic processes, and neuron survival. KIF1C is ubiquitously expressed and, in addition to anterograde cargo transport, also functions in retrograde transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. Only a handful of KIF1C cargos have been identified; however, many have crucial roles such as neuronal differentiation, outgrowth, plasticity and survival. HSP-related kinesin-3 mutants are characterized mainly as loss-of-function resulting in deficits in motility, regulation, and cargo binding. Gain-of-function mutants are also seen, and are characterized by increased microtubule-on rates and hypermotility. Both sets of mutations ultimately result in misdelivery of critical cargos within the neuron. This likely leads to deleterious cell biological cascades that likely underlie or contribute to HSP clinical pathology and ultimately, symptomology. Due to the paucity of histopathological or cell biological data assessing perturbations in cargo localization, it has been difficult to positively link these mutations to the outcomes seen in HSPs. Ultimately, the goal of this review is to encourage future academic and clinical efforts to focus on "transportopathies" through a cargo-centric lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik R Gabrych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Victor Z Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michael A Silverman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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27
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Kendrick AA, Dickey AM, Redwine WB, Tran PT, Vaites LP, Dzieciatkowska M, Harper JW, Reck-Peterson SL. Hook3 is a scaffold for the opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors cytoplasmic dynein-1 and KIF1C. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2982-3001. [PMID: 31320392 PMCID: PMC6719453 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unidirectional and opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors, dynein and kinesin, drive long-distance intracellular cargo transport. Cellular observations suggest that opposite-polarity motors may be coupled. We recently identified an interaction between the cytoplasmic dynein-1 activating adaptor Hook3 and the kinesin-3 KIF1C. Here, using in vitro reconstitutions with purified components, we show that KIF1C and dynein/dynactin can exist in a complex scaffolded by Hook3. Full-length Hook3 binds to and activates dynein/dynactin motility. Hook3 also binds to a short region in the "tail" of KIF1C, but unlike dynein/dynactin, this interaction does not activate KIF1C. Hook3 scaffolding allows dynein to transport KIF1C toward the microtubule minus end, and KIF1C to transport dynein toward the microtubule plus end. In cells, KIF1C can recruit Hook3 to the cell periphery, although the cellular role of the complex containing both motors remains unknown. We propose that Hook3's ability to scaffold dynein/dynactin and KIF1C may regulate bidirectional motility, promote motor recycling, or sequester the pool of available dynein/dynactin activating adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Kendrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrea M Dickey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - William B Redwine
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Phuoc Tien Tran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samara L Reck-Peterson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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28
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CKAP4 Regulates Cell Migration via the Interaction with and Recycling of Integrin. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00073-19. [PMID: 31160493 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00073-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that is also present in the cell surface membrane, where it acts as a receptor for Dickkopf1 (DKK1). In this study, we found that CKAP4 interacts with β1 integrin and controls the recycling of α5β1 integrin independently of DKK1. In S2-CP8 cells, knockdown of CKAP4 but not DKK1 enlarged the size of cell adhesion sites and enhanced cell adhesion to fibronectin, resulting in decreased cell migration. When CKAP4 was depleted, the levels of α5 but not β1 integrin were increased in the cell surface membrane. A similar phenotype was observed in other cells expressing low levels of DKK1. In S2-CP8 cells, α5 integrin was trafficked with β1 integrin and CKAP4 to the lysosome or recycled with β1 integrin. In CKAP4-depleted cells, the internalization of α5β1 integrin was unchanged, but its recycling was upregulated. Knockdown of sorting nexin 17 (SNX17), a mediator of integrin recycling, abrogated the increased α5 integrin levels caused by CKAP4 knockdown. CKAP4 bound to SNX17, and its knockdown enhanced the recruitment of α5β1 integrin to SNX17. These results suggest that CKAP4 suppresses the recycling of α5β1 integrin and coordinates cell adhesion sites and migration independently of DKK1.
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29
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Siddiqui N, Zwetsloot AJ, Bachmann A, Roth D, Hussain H, Brandt J, Kaverina I, Straube A. PTPN21 and Hook3 relieve KIF1C autoinhibition and activate intracellular transport. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2693. [PMID: 31217419 PMCID: PMC6584639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinesin-3 KIF1C is a fast organelle transporter implicated in the transport of dense core vesicles in neurons and the delivery of integrins to cell adhesions. Here we report the mechanisms of autoinhibition and release that control the activity of KIF1C. We show that the microtubule binding surface of KIF1C motor domain interacts with its stalk and that these autoinhibitory interactions are released upon binding of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN21. The FERM domain of PTPN21 stimulates dense core vesicle transport in primary hippocampal neurons and rescues integrin trafficking in KIF1C-depleted cells. In vitro, human full-length KIF1C is a processive, plus-end directed motor. Its landing rate onto microtubules increases in the presence of either PTPN21 FERM domain or the cargo adapter Hook3 that binds the same region of KIF1C tail. This autoinhibition release mechanism allows cargo-activated transport and might enable motors to participate in bidirectional cargo transport without undertaking a tug-of-war.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Siddiqui
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alexander James Zwetsloot
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- MRC-DTP in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alice Bachmann
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel Roth
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Hamdi Hussain
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jonathan Brandt
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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30
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Jou JL, Liu SC, I L. Tail shape evolution dynamics of MDCK cells on fibronectin substrates. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab1e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Afewerki T, Ahmed S, Warren D. Emerging regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:185-196. [PMID: 31254136 PMCID: PMC6726670 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the blood vessel wall and normally adopt a quiescent, contractile phenotype. VSMC migration is tightly controlled, however, disease associated changes in the soluble and insoluble environment promote VSMC migration. Classically, studies investigating VSMC migration have described the influence of soluble factors. Emerging data has highlighted the importance of insoluble factors, including extracellular matrix stiffness and porosity. In this review, we will recap on the important signalling pathways that regulate VSMC migration and reflect on the potential importance of emerging regulators of VSMC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- TecLino Afewerki
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Derek Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
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32
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Zwetsloot AJ, Tut G, Straube A. Measuring microtubule dynamics. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:725-735. [PMID: 30287587 PMCID: PMC6281472 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are key players in cellular self-organization, acting as structural scaffolds, cellular highways, force generators and signalling platforms. Microtubules are polar filaments that undergo dynamic instability, i.e. transition between phases of growth and shrinkage. This allows microtubules to explore the inner space of the cell, generate pushing and pulling forces and remodel themselves into arrays with different geometry and function such as the mitotic spindle. To do this, eukaryotic cells employ an arsenal of regulatory proteins to control microtubule dynamics spatially and temporally. Plants and microorganisms have developed secondary metabolites that perturb microtubule dynamics, many of which are in active use as cancer chemotherapeutics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Here, we summarize the methods used to visualize microtubules and to measure the parameters of dynamic instability to study both microtubule regulatory proteins and the action of small molecules interfering with microtubule assembly and/or disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander James Zwetsloot
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
- MRC Doctoral Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Gokhan Tut
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
- MRC Doctoral Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
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33
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Wallace AG, Raduwan H, Carlet J, Soto MC. The RhoGAP HUM-7/Myo9 integrates signals to modulate RHO-1/RhoA during embryonic morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 2018; 145:dev.168724. [PMID: 30389847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic morphogenesis, cells and tissues undergo dramatic movements under the control of F-actin regulators. Our studies of epidermal cell migrations in developing Caenorhabditis elegans embryos have identified multiple plasma membrane signals that regulate the Rac GTPase, thus regulating WAVE and Arp2/3 complexes, to promote branched F-actin formation and polarized enrichment. Here, we describe a pathway that acts in parallel to Rac to transduce membrane signals to control epidermal F-actin through the GTPase RHO-1/RhoA. RHO-1 contributes to epidermal migration through effects on underlying neuroblasts. We identify signals to regulate RHO-1-dependent events in the epidermis. HUM-7, the C. elegans homolog of human MYO9A and MYO9B, regulates F-actin dynamics during epidermal migration. Genetics and biochemistry support that HUM-7 behaves as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the RHO-1/RhoA and CDC-42 GTPases. Loss of HUM-7 enhances RHO-1-dependent epidermal cell behaviors. We identify SAX-3/ROBO as an upstream signal that contributes to attenuated RHO-1 activation through its regulation of HUM-7/Myo9. These studies identify a new role for RHO-1 during epidermal cell migration, and suggest that RHO-1 activity is regulated by SAX-3/ROBO acting on the RhoGAP HUM-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
| | - Hamidah Raduwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - John Carlet
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
| | - Martha C Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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34
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Wilson BJ, Allen JL, Caswell PT. Vesicle trafficking pathways that direct cell migration in 3D matrices and in vivo. Traffic 2018; 19:899-909. [PMID: 30054969 PMCID: PMC6282850 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a vital process in development and disease, and while the mechanisms that control motility are relatively well understood on two-dimensional surfaces, the control of cell migration in three dimensions (3D) and in vivo has only recently begun to be understood. Vesicle trafficking pathways have emerged as a key regulatory element in migration and invasion, with the endocytosis and recycling of cell surface cargos, including growth factor and chemokine receptors, adhesion receptors and membrane-associated proteases, being of major importance. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of how endocytic trafficking controls the availability and local activity of these cargoes to influence the movement of cells in 3D matrix and in developing organisms. In particular, we discuss how endocytic trafficking of different receptor classes spatially restricts signals and activity, usually to the leading edge of invasive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley J. Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Jennifer L. Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
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35
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Roth D, Fitton BP, Chmel NP, Wasiluk N, Straube A. Spatial positioning of EB family proteins at microtubule tips involves distinct nucleotide-dependent binding properties. J Cell Sci 2018; 132:jcs.219550. [PMID: 30262468 PMCID: PMC6398475 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EB proteins track the ends of growing microtubules and regulate microtubule dynamics both directly and by acting as the hub of the tip-tracking network. Mammalian cells express cell type-specific combinations of three EB proteins with different cellular roles. Here, we reconstitute EB1, EB2 and EB3 tip tracking in vitro. We find that all three EBs show rapid exchange at the microtubule tip and that their signal correlates to the microtubule assembly rate. However, the three signals differ in their maxima and position from the microtubule tip. Using microtubules built with nucleotide analogues and site-directed mutagenesis, we show that EB2 prefers binding to microtubule lattices containing a 1:1 mixture of different nucleotides and its distinct binding specificity is conferred by amino acid substitutions at the right-hand-side interface of the EB microtubule-binding domain with tubulin. Our data are consistent with the model that all three EB paralogues sense the nucleotide state of both β-tubulins flanking their binding site. Their different profile of preferred binding sites contributes to occupying spatially distinct domains at the temporally evolving microtubule tip structure. Summary:In vitro reconstitution of tip tracking with EB1, EB2 and EB3 shows that these three proteins sense the nucleotide state of both β-tubulins flanking their binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roth
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Benjamin P Fitton
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.,Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells (MOAC) Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nikola P Chmel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Natalia Wasiluk
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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36
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Rainero E. Extracellular matrix internalization links nutrient signalling to invasive migration. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:4-9. [PMID: 29573490 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are the key mediators of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, linking the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. Besides localizing at the cell surface, they can be internalized and transported back to the plasma membrane (recycled) or delivered to the late endosomes/lysosomes for degradation. We and others have shown that integrin can be endocytosed together with their ECM ligands. In this short review, I will highlight how extracellular protein (including ECM) endocytosis impinges on the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a master regulator of cell metabolism and growth. This supports the intriguing hypothesis that ECM components may be considered as nutrient sources, primarily under soluble nutrient-depleted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rainero
- Biomedical Science Department, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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37
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Jonker CTH, Galmes R, Veenendaal T, Ten Brink C, van der Welle REN, Liv N, de Rooij J, Peden AA, van der Sluijs P, Margadant C, Klumperman J. Vps3 and Vps8 control integrin trafficking from early to recycling endosomes and regulate integrin-dependent functions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:792. [PMID: 29476049 PMCID: PMC5824891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recycling endosomes maintain plasma membrane homeostasis and are important for cell polarity, migration, and cytokinesis. Yet, the molecular machineries that drive endocytic recycling remain largely unclear. The CORVET complex is a multi-subunit tether required for fusion between early endosomes. Here we show that the CORVET-specific subunits Vps3 and Vps8 also regulate vesicular transport from early to recycling endosomes. Vps3 and Vps8 localise to Rab4-positive recycling vesicles and co-localise with the CHEVI complex on Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. Depletion of Vps3 or Vps8 does not affect transferrin recycling, but delays the delivery of internalised integrins to recycling endosomes and their subsequent return to the plasma membrane. Consequently, Vps3/8 depletion results in defects in integrin-dependent cell adhesion and spreading, focal adhesion formation, and cell migration. These data reveal a role for Vps3 and Vps8 in a specialised recycling pathway important for integrin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T H Jonker
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - R Galmes
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - T Veenendaal
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ten Brink
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R E N van der Welle
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J de Rooij
- Section Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht Universty, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - P van der Sluijs
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Margadant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Weng Z, Shang Y, Yao D, Zhu J, Zhang R. Structural analyses of key features in the KANK1·KIF21A complex yield mechanistic insights into the cross-talk between microtubules and the cell cortex. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:215-225. [PMID: 29158259 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.816017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and the cell cortex plays important roles in cell division, polarity, and migration. A critical adaptor that links the plus ends of microtubules with the cell cortex is the KANK N-terminal motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (KANK1)/kinesin family member 21A (KIF21A) complex. Genetic defects in these two proteins are associated with various cancers and developmental diseases, such as congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1. However, the molecular mechanism governing the KANK1/KIF21A interaction and the role of the conserved ankyrin (ANK) repeats in this interaction are still unclear. In this study, we present the crystal structure of the KANK1·KIF21A complex at 2.1 Å resolution. The structure, together with biochemical studies, revealed that a five-helix-bundle-capping domain immediately preceding the ANK repeats of KANK1 forms a structural and functional supramodule with its ANK repeats in binding to an evolutionarily conserved peptide located in the middle of KIF21A. We also show that several missense mutations present in cancer patients are located at the interface of the KANK1·KIF21A complex and destabilize its formation. In conclusion, our study elucidates the molecular basis underlying the KANK1/KIF21A interaction and also provides possible mechanistic explanations for the diseases caused by mutations in KANK1 and KIF21A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangfeng Weng
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuan Shang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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39
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Dubois F, Alpha K, Turner CE. Paxillin regulates cell polarization and anterograde vesicle trafficking during cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3815-3831. [PMID: 29046398 PMCID: PMC5739297 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-08-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarization and directed migration play pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we identify new roles for paxillin-mediated HDAC6 inhibition in regulating key aspects of cell polarization in both two-dimensional and one-dimensional matrix environments. Paxillin, by modulating microtubule acetylation through HDAC6 regulation, was shown to control centrosome and Golgi reorientation toward the leading edge, a hallmark of cell polarization to ensure directed trafficking of promigratory factors. Paxillin was also required for pericentrosomal Golgi localization and centrosome cohesion, independent of its localization to, and role in, focal adhesion signaling. In addition, we provide evidence of an accumulation of paxillin at the centrosome that is dependent on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and identify an important collaboration between paxillin and FAK signaling in the modulation of microtubule acetylation, as well as centrosome and Golgi organization and polarization. Finally, paxillin was also shown to be required for optimal anterograde vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dubois
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Kyle Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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40
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Siddiqui N, Straube A. Intracellular Cargo Transport by Kinesin-3 Motors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:803-815. [PMID: 28918744 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917070057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular transport along microtubules enables cellular cargoes to efficiently reach the extremities of large, eukaryotic cells. While it would take more than 200 years for a small vesicle to diffuse from the cell body to the growing tip of a one-meter long axon, transport by a kinesin allows delivery in one week. It is clear from this example that the evolution of intracellular transport was tightly linked to the development of complex and macroscopic life forms. The human genome encodes 45 kinesins, 8 of those belonging to the family of kinesin-3 organelle transporters that are known to transport a variety of cargoes towards the plus end of microtubules. However, their mode of action, their tertiary structure, and regulation are controversial. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in our understanding of these fascinating molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Siddiqui
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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41
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Das V, Kalyan G, Hazra S, Pal M. Understanding the role of structural integrity and differential expression of integrin profiling to identify potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:168-185. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR‐North East Institute of Science and TechnologyJorhat, AssamIndia
| | - Gazal Kalyan
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR)RoorkeeUttarakhandIndia
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR)RoorkeeUttarakhandIndia
- Centre for NanotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhandIndia
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR‐North East Institute of Science and TechnologyJorhat, AssamIndia
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42
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Rathod ML, Pareek N, Agrawal S, Jaddivada S, Lee DW, Gundiah N. Engineered ridge and micropillar array detectors to quantify the directional migration of fibroblasts. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts align and show persistent migration on ridge-pillar micropatterned substrates. Traction forces vary along the polarized cell length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh L. Rathod
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-744
- South Korea
| | - Nikhil Pareek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Suchi Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Siddhartha Jaddivada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | | | - Namrata Gundiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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43
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Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric receptors that bind to components of the extracellular matrix and influence cellular processes as varied as proliferation and migration. These effects are achieved by tight spatiotemporal control over intracellular signalling pathways, including those that mediate cytoskeletal reorganisation. The ability of integrins to bind to ligands is governed by integrin conformation, or activity, and this is widely acknowledged to be an important route to the regulation of integrin function. Over the last 15 years, however, the pathways that regulate endocytosis and recycling of integrins have emerged as major players in controlling integrin action, and studying integrin trafficking has revealed fresh insight into the function of this fascinating class of extracellular matrix receptors, in particular in the context of cell migration and invasion. Here, we review our current understanding of the contribution of integrin trafficking to cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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44
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Diz-Muñoz A, Romanczuk P, Yu W, Bergert M, Ivanovitch K, Salbreux G, Heisenberg CP, Paluch EK. Steering cell migration by alternating blebs and actin-rich protrusions. BMC Biol 2016; 14:74. [PMID: 27589901 PMCID: PMC5010735 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High directional persistence is often assumed to enhance the efficiency of chemotactic migration. Yet, cells in vivo usually display meandering trajectories with relatively low directional persistence, and the control and function of directional persistence during cell migration in three-dimensional environments are poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we use mesendoderm progenitors migrating during zebrafish gastrulation as a model system to investigate the control of directional persistence during migration in vivo. We show that progenitor cells alternate persistent run phases with tumble phases that result in cell reorientation. Runs are characterized by the formation of directed actin-rich protrusions and tumbles by enhanced blebbing. Increasing the proportion of actin-rich protrusions or blebs leads to longer or shorter run phases, respectively. Importantly, both reducing and increasing run phases result in larger spatial dispersion of the cells, indicative of reduced migration precision. A physical model quantitatively recapitulating the migratory behavior of mesendoderm progenitors indicates that the ratio of tumbling to run times, and thus the specific degree of directional persistence of migration, are critical for optimizing migration precision. CONCLUSIONS Together, our experiments and model provide mechanistic insight into the control of migration directionality for cells moving in three-dimensional environments that combine different protrusion types, whereby the proportion of blebs to actin-rich protrusions determines the directional persistence and precision of movement by regulating the ratio of tumbling to run times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland.
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany.
| | - Pawel Romanczuk
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, 01187, Germany.
- Department of Biology, Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, 10115, Germany.
| | - Weimiao Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Martin Bergert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Kenzo Ivanovitch
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
- Present address: Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume Salbreux
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, 01187, Germany
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincolns Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | | | - Ewa K Paluch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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45
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Sardone F, Santi S, Tagliavini F, Traina F, Merlini L, Squarzoni S, Cescon M, Wagener R, Maraldi NM, Bonaldo P, Faldini C, Sabatelli P. Collagen VI–NG2 axis in human tendon fibroblasts under conditions mimicking injury response. Matrix Biol 2016; 55:90-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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46
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Bouchet BP, Gough RE, Ammon YC, van de Willige D, Post H, Jacquemet G, Altelaar AM, Heck AJ, Goult BT, Akhmanova A. Talin-KANK1 interaction controls the recruitment of cortical microtubule stabilizing complexes to focal adhesions. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27410476 PMCID: PMC4995097 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell polarity and migration. Microtubules regulate the turnover of adhesion sites, and, in turn, focal adhesions promote the cortical microtubule capture and stabilization in their vicinity, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that cortical microtubule stabilization sites containing CLASPs, KIF21A, LL5β and liprins are recruited to focal adhesions by the adaptor protein KANK1, which directly interacts with the major adhesion component, talin. Structural studies showed that the conserved KN domain in KANK1 binds to the talin rod domain R7. Perturbation of this interaction, including a single point mutation in talin, which disrupts KANK1 binding but not the talin function in adhesion, abrogates the association of microtubule-stabilizing complexes with focal adhesions. We propose that the talin-KANK1 interaction links the two macromolecular assemblies that control cortical attachment of actin fibers and microtubules. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.001 Animal cells are organized into tissues and organs. A scaffold-like framework outside of the cells called the extracellular matrix provides support to the cells and helps to hold them in place. Cells attach to the extracellular matrix via structures called focal adhesions on the cell surface; these structures contain a protein called talin. For a cell to be able to move, the existing focal adhesions must be broken down and new adhesions allowed to form. This process is regulated by the delivery and removal of different materials along fibers called microtubules. Microtubules can usually grow and shrink rapidly, but near focal adhesions they are captured at the surface of the cell and become more stable. However, it is not clear how focal adhesions promote microtubule capture and stability. Bouchet et al. found that a protein called KANK1 binds to the focal adhesion protein talin in human cells grown in a culture dish. This allows KANK1 to recruit microtubules to the cell surface around the focal adhesions by binding to particular proteins that are associated with microtubules. Disrupting the interaction between KANK1 and talin by making small alterations in these two proteins blocked the ability of focal adhesions to capture surrounding microtubules. The next step following on from this work will be to find out whether this process also takes place in the cells within an animal’s body, such as a fly or a mouse. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Post
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Af Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Jr Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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47
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Villarroel-Campos D, Bronfman FC, Gonzalez-Billault C. Rab GTPase signaling in neurite outgrowth and axon specification. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:498-507. [PMID: 27124121 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that contain specialized subcellular domains involved in information transmission in the nervous system. Specifically, the somatodendritic compartment receives neuronal inputs while the axons convey information through the synapse. The establishment of asymmetric domains requires a specific delivery of components, including organelles, proteins, and membrane. The Rab family of small GTPases plays an essential role in membrane trafficking. Signaling cascades triggered by extrinsic and intrinsic factors tightly regulate Rab functions in cells, with Rab protein activation depending on GDP/GTP binding to establish a binary mode of action. This review summarizes the contributions of several Rab family members involved in trans-Golgi, early/late endosomes, and recycling endosomes during neurite development and axonal outgrowth. The regulation of some Rabs by guanine exchanging factors and GTPase activating proteins will also be addressed. Finally, discussion will be provided on how specific effector-mediated Rab activation modifies several molecules essential to neuronal differentiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarroel-Campos
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- MINREB And Center for Ageing and Regeneration (CARE), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
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48
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Zhu X, Efimova N, Arnette C, Hanks SK, Kaverina I. Podosome dynamics and location in vascular smooth muscle cells require CLASP-dependent microtubule bending. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:300-15. [PMID: 27105779 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling during physiological processes is mediated by invasive protrusions called podosomes. Positioning and dynamics of podosomes define the extent of ECM degradation. Microtubules are known to be involved in podosome regulation, but the role of microtubule (MT) network configuration in podosome dynamics and positioning is not well understood. Here, we show that the arrangement of the microtubule network defines the pattern of podosome formation and relocation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We show that microtubule plus-end targeting facilitates de novo formation of podosomes, in addition to podosome remodeling. Moreover, specialized bent microtubules with plus ends reversed towards the cell center promote relocation of podosomes from the cell edge to the cell center, resulting in an evenly distributed podosome pattern. Microtubule bending is induced downstream of protein kinase C (PKC) activation and requires microtubule-stabilizing proteins known as cytoplasmic linker associated proteins (CLASPs) and retrograde actin flow. Similar to microtubule depolymerization, CLASP depletion by siRNA blocks microtubule bending and eliminates centripetal relocation of podosomes. Podosome relocation also coincides with translocation of podosome-stimulating kinesin KIF1C, which is known to move preferentially along CLASP-associated microtubules. These findings indicate that CLASP-dependent microtubule network configuration is critical to the cellular location and distribution of KIF1C-dependent podosomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nadia Efimova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher Arnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Steven K Hanks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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49
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Pfaltzgraff ER, Roth GM, Miller PM, Gintzig AG, Ohi R, Bader DM. Loss of CENP-F results in distinct microtubule-related defects without chromosomal abnormalities. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1990-9. [PMID: 27146114 PMCID: PMC4927273 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-binding centromere protein F (CENP-F) was previously shown to play a role exclusively in chromosome segregation during cellular division. Many cell models of CENP-F depletion show a lag in the cell cycle and aneuploidy. Here, using our novel genetic deletion model, we show that CENP-F also regulates a broader range of cellular functions outside of cell division. We characterized CENP-F(+/+) and CENP-F(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and found drastic differences in multiple cellular functions during interphase, including cell migration, focal adhesion dynamics, and primary cilia formation. We discovered that CENP-F(-/-) MEFs have severely diminished MT dynamics, which underlies the phenotypes we describe. These data, combined with recent biochemical research demonstrating the strong binding of CENP-F to the MT network, support the conclusion that CENP-F is a powerful regulator of MT dynamics during interphase and affects heterogeneous cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise R Pfaltzgraff
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Gretchen M Roth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paul M Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anneelizabeth G Gintzig
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - David M Bader
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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50
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Shafqat-Abbasi H, Kowalewski JM, Kiss A, Gong X, Hernandez-Varas P, Berge U, Jafari-Mamaghani M, Lock JG, Strömblad S. An analysis toolbox to explore mesenchymal migration heterogeneity reveals adaptive switching between distinct modes. eLife 2016; 5:e11384. [PMID: 26821527 PMCID: PMC4749554 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal (lamellipodial) migration is heterogeneous, although whether this reflects progressive variability or discrete, 'switchable' migration modalities, remains unclear. We present an analytical toolbox, based on quantitative single-cell imaging data, to interrogate this heterogeneity. Integrating supervised behavioral classification with multivariate analyses of cell motion, membrane dynamics, cell-matrix adhesion status and F-actin organization, this toolbox here enables the detection and characterization of two quantitatively distinct mesenchymal migration modes, termed 'Continuous' and 'Discontinuous'. Quantitative mode comparisons reveal differences in cell motion, spatiotemporal coordination of membrane protrusion/retraction, and how cells within each mode reorganize with changed cell speed. These modes thus represent distinctive migratory strategies. Additional analyses illuminate the macromolecular- and cellular-scale effects of molecular targeting (fibronectin, talin, ROCK), including 'adaptive switching' between Continuous (favored at high adhesion/full contraction) and Discontinuous (low adhesion/inhibited contraction) modes. Overall, this analytical toolbox now facilitates the exploration of both spontaneous and adaptive heterogeneity in mesenchymal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob M Kowalewski
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alexa Kiss
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Ulrich Berge
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - John G Lock
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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