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Gupta I, Gaykalova DA. Unveiling the role of PIK3R1 in cancer: A comprehensive review of regulatory signaling and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:58-86. [PMID: 39197810 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is responsible for phosphorylating phosphoinositides to generate secondary signaling molecules crucial for regulating various cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, and metabolism. The PI3K is a heterodimeric enzyme complex comprising of a catalytic subunit (p110α, p110β, or p110δ) and a regulatory subunit (p85). The binding of the regulatory subunit, p85, with the catalytic subunit, p110, forms an integral component of the PI3K enzyme. PIK3R1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1) belongs to class IA of the PI3K family. PIK3R1 exhibits structural complexity due to alternative splicing, giving rise to distinct isoforms, prominently p85α and p55α. While the primary p85α isoform comprises multiple domains, including Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, a Breakpoint Cluster Region Homology (BH) domain, and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains (iSH2 and nSH2), the shorter isoform, p55α, lacks certain domains present in p85α. In this review, we will highlight the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing PI3K signaling along with the impact of PIK3R1 alterations on cellular processes. We will further delve into the clinical significance of PIK3R1 mutations in various cancer types and their implications for prognosis and treatment outcomes. Additionally, we will discuss the evolving landscape of targeted therapies aimed at modulating PI3K-associated pathways. Overall, this review will provide insights into the dynamic interplay of PIK3R1 in cancer, fostering advancements in precision medicine and the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Conduit SE, Pearce W, Bhamra A, Bilanges B, Bozal-Basterra L, Foukas LC, Cobbaut M, Castillo SD, Danesh MA, Adil M, Carracedo A, Graupera M, McDonald NQ, Parker PJ, Cutillas PR, Surinova S, Vanhaesebroeck B. A class I PI3K signalling network regulates primary cilia disassembly in normal physiology and disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7181. [PMID: 39168978 PMCID: PMC11339396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like organelles which sense extracellular cues and act as signalling hubs. Cilia dysfunction causes a heterogeneous group of disorders known as ciliopathy syndromes affecting most organs. Cilia disassembly, the process by which cells lose their cilium, is poorly understood but frequently observed in disease and upon cell transformation. Here, we uncover a role for the PI3Kα signalling enzyme in cilia disassembly. Genetic PI3Kα-hyperactivation, as observed in PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) and cancer, induced a ciliopathy-like phenotype during mouse development. Mechanistically, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ produce the PIP3 lipid at the cilia transition zone upon disassembly stimulation. PI3Kα activation initiates cilia disassembly through a kinase signalling axis via the PDK1/PKCι kinases, the CEP170 centrosomal protein and the KIF2A microtubule-depolymerising kinesin. Our data suggest diseases caused by PI3Kα-activation may be considered 'Disorders with Ciliary Contributions', a recently-defined subset of ciliopathies in which some, but not all, of the clinical manifestations result from cilia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Conduit
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Wayne Pearce
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amandeep Bhamra
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura Bozal-Basterra
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lazaros C Foukas
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Signalling and Structural Biology laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sandra D Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Amin Danesh
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mahreen Adil
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Signalling and Structural Biology laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Peter J Parker
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Silvia Surinova
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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3
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Mafi A, Khoshnazar SM, Shahpar A, Nabavi N, Hedayati N, Alimohammadi M, Hashemi M, Taheriazam A, Farahani N. Mechanistic insights into circRNA-mediated regulation of PI3K signaling pathway in glioma progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155442. [PMID: 38991456 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) characterized by a stable circular structure that regulates gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They play diverse roles, including protein interactions, DNA methylation modification, protein-coding potential, pseudogene creation, and miRNA sponging, all of which influence various physiological processes. CircRNAs are often highly expressed in brain tissues, and their levels vary with neural development, suggesting their significance in nervous system diseases such as gliomas. Research has shown that circRNA expression related to the PI3K pathway correlates with various clinical features of gliomas. There is an interact between circRNAs and the PI3K pathway to regulate glioma cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. Additionally, PI3K pathway-associated circRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this study, we reviewed the latest advances in the expression and cellular roles of PI3K-mediated circRNAs and their connections to glioma carcinogenesis and progression. We also highlighted the significance of circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Shahpar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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4
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Hufft-Martinez BM, Wang HH, Saadi I, Tran PV. Actin cytoskeletal regulation of ciliogenesis in development and disease. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38958410 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like sensory organelles that are evolutionarily conserved in nearly all modern eukaryotes, from the single-celled green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to vertebrates and mammals. Cilia are microtubule-based cellular projections that have adapted to perform a broad range of species-specific functions, from cell motility to detection of light and the transduction of extracellular mechanical and chemical signals. These functions render cilia essential for organismal development and survival. The high conservation of cilia has allowed for discoveries in C. reinhardtii to inform our understanding of the basic biology of mammalian primary cilia, and to provide insight into the genetic etiology of ciliopathies. Over the last two decades, a growing number of studies has revealed that multiple aspects of ciliary homeostasis are regulated by the actin cytoskeleton, including centrosome migration and positioning, vesicle transport to the basal body, ectocytosis, and ciliary-mediated signaling. Here, we review actin regulation of ciliary homeostasis, and highlight conserved and divergent mechanisms in C. reinhardtii and mammalian cells. Further, we compare the disease manifestations of patients with ciliopathies to those with mutations in actin and actin-associated genes, and propose that primary cilia defects caused by genetic alteration of the actin cytoskeleton may underlie certain birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Hufft-Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Henry H Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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5
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Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Ola R. Shear stress and pathophysiological PI3K involvement in vascular malformations. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172843. [PMID: 38747293 PMCID: PMC11093608 DOI: 10.1172/jci172843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of vascular anomalies has revealed that affected endothelial cells (ECs) harbor gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the gene encoding the catalytic α subunit of PI3Kα (PIK3CA). These PIK3CA mutations are known to cause solid cancers when occurring in other tissues. PIK3CA-related vascular anomalies, or "PIKopathies," range from simple, i.e., restricted to a particular form of malformation, to complex, i.e., presenting with a range of hyperplasia phenotypes, including the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum. Interestingly, development of PIKopathies is affected by fluid shear stress (FSS), a physiological stimulus caused by blood or lymph flow. These findings implicate PI3K in mediating physiological EC responses to FSS conditions characteristic of lymphatic and capillary vessel beds. Consistent with this hypothesis, increased PI3K signaling also contributes to cerebral cavernous malformations, a vascular disorder that affects low-perfused brain venous capillaries. Because the GOF activity of PI3K and its signaling partners are excellent drug targets, understanding PIK3CA's role in the development of vascular anomalies may inform therapeutic strategies to normalize EC responses in the diseased state. This Review focuses on PIK3CA's role in mediating EC responses to FSS and discusses current understanding of PIK3CA dysregulation in a range of vascular anomalies that particularly affect low-perfused regions of the vasculature. We also discuss recent surprising findings linking increased PI3K signaling to fast-flow arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxana Ola
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Nasr M, Fay A, Lupieri A, Malet N, Darmon A, Zahreddine R, Swiader A, Wahart A, Viaud J, Nègre-Salvayre A, Hirsch E, Monteyne D, Perez-Morgà D, Dupont N, Codogno P, Ramel D, Morel E, Laffargue M, Gayral S. PI3KCIIα-Dependent Autophagy Program Protects From Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Response to Low Shear Stress in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:620-634. [PMID: 38152888 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to respond to mechanical forces is a basic requirement for maintaining endothelial cell (ECs) homeostasis, which is continuously subjected to low shear stress (LSS) and high shear stress (HSS). In arteries, LSS and HSS have a differential impact on EC autophagy processes. However, it is still unclear whether LSS and HSS differently tune unique autophagic machinery or trigger specific autophagic responses in ECs. METHODS Using fluid flow system to generate forces on EC and multiscale imaging analyses on ApoE-/- mice whole arteries, we studied the cellular and molecular mechanism involved in autophagic response to LSS or HSS on the endothelium. RESULTS We found that LSS and HSS trigger autophagy activation by mobilizing specific autophagic signaling modules. Indeed, LSS-induced autophagy in endothelium was independent of the class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) VPS34 (vacuolar sorting protein 34) but controlled by the α isoform of class II PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase class II α [PI3KCIIα]). Accordingly, reduced PI3KCIIα expression in ApoE-/- mice (ApoE-/-PI3KCIIα+/-) led to EC dysfunctions associated with increased plaque deposition in the LSS regions. Mechanistically, we revealed that PI3KCIIα inhibits mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activation and that rapamycin treatment in ApoE-/-PI3KCIIα+/- mice specifically rescue autophagy in arterial LSS regions. Finally, we demonstrated that absence of PI3KCIIα led to decreased endothelial primary cilium biogenesis in response to LSS and that ablation of primary cilium mimics PI3KCIIα-decreased expression in EC dysfunction, suggesting that this organelle could be the mechanosensor linking PI3KCIIα and EC homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that mechanical forces variability within the arterial system determines EC autophagic response and supports a central role of PI3KCIIα/mTORC1 axis to prevent EC dysfunction in LSS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouin Nasr
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Alexis Fay
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Nicole Malet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Anne Darmon
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Audrey Swiader
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Amandine Wahart
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Julien Viaud
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (E.H.)
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- IBMM-DBM, Department of Molecular Parasitology, University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium (D.M., D.P.-M.)
| | - David Perez-Morgà
- IBMM-DBM, Department of Molecular Parasitology, University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium (D.M., D.P.-M.)
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (N.D., P.C., E.M.)
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (N.D., P.C., E.M.)
| | - Damien Ramel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (N.D., P.C., E.M.)
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Stephanie Gayral
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
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7
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Hernández-Cáceres MP, Pinto-Nuñez D, Rivera P, Burgos P, Díaz-Castro F, Criollo A, Yañez MJ, Morselli E. Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:264-271. [PMID: 37488876 PMCID: PMC10503597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is, after the adipose tissue, the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human body. In neurons, lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium, a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development. A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established; however, its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely known. In this review, we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in neurons. Then we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy, in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions, specifically focusing on neurons, an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment, energy homeostasis, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Pinto-Nuñez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Jose Yañez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Bhat S, Dietz A, Senf K, Nietzsche S, Hirabayashi Y, Westermann M, Neuhaus EM. GPRC5C regulates the composition of cilia in the olfactory system. BMC Biol 2023; 21:292. [PMID: 38110903 PMCID: PMC10729543 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory sensory neurons detect odourants via multiple long cilia that protrude from their dendritic endings. The G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5C was identified as part of the olfactory ciliary membrane proteome, but its function and localization is unknown. RESULTS High-resolution confocal and electron microscopy revealed that GPRC5C is located at the base of sensory cilia in olfactory neurons, but not in primary cilia of immature neurons or stem cells. Additionally, GPRC5C localization in sensory cilia parallels cilia formation and follows the formation of the basal body. In closer examination, GPRC5C was found in the ciliary transition zone. GPRC5C deficiency altered the structure of sensory cilia and increased ciliary layer thickness. However, primary cilia were unaffected. Olfactory sensory neurons from Gprc5c-deficient mice exhibited altered localization of olfactory signalling cascade proteins, and of ciliary phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphat. Sensory neurons also exhibited increased neuronal activity as well as altered mitochondrial morphology, and knockout mice had an improved ability to detect food pellets based on smell. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that GPRC5C regulates olfactory cilia composition and length, thereby controlling odour perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bhat
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - André Dietz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Senf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Martin Westermann
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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9
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Kobialka P, Llena J, Deleyto-Seldas N, Munar-Gelabert M, Dengra JA, Villacampa P, Albinyà-Pedrós A, Muixi L, Andrade J, van Splunder H, Angulo-Urarte A, Potente M, Grego-Bessa J, Castillo SD, Vanhaesebroeck B, Efeyan A, Graupera M. PI3K-C2β limits mTORC1 signaling and angiogenic growth. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg1913. [PMID: 38015911 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate intracellular inositol lipids to regulate signaling and intracellular vesicular trafficking. Mammals have eight PI3K isoforms, of which class I PI3Kα and class II PI3K-C2α are essential for vascular development. The class II PI3K-C2β is also abundant in endothelial cells. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that PI3K-C2β was a critical regulator of blood vessel growth by restricting endothelial mTORC1 signaling. Mice expressing a kinase-inactive form of PI3K-C2β displayed enlarged blood vessels without corresponding changes in endothelial cell proliferation or migration. Instead, inactivation of PI3K-C2β resulted in an increase in the size of endothelial cells, particularly in the sprouting zone of angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we showed that the aberrantly large size of PI3K-C2β mutant endothelial cells was caused by mTORC1 activation, which sustained growth in these cells. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin normalized vascular morphogenesis in PI3K-C2β mutant mice. Together, these results identify PI3K-C2β as a crucial determinant of endothelial signaling and illustrate the importance of mTORC1 regulation during angiogenic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kobialka
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judith Llena
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nerea Deleyto-Seldas
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Margalida Munar-Gelabert
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose A Dengra
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Albinyà-Pedrós
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Muixi
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra D Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Kücükdisli M, Bel-Abed H, Cirillo D, Lo WT, Efrém NL, Horatscheck A, Perepelittchenko L, Prokofeva P, Ehret TAL, Radetzki S, Neuenschwander M, Specker E, Médard G, Müller S, Wilhelm S, Kuster B, von Kries JP, Haucke V, Nazaré M. Structural Basis for Highly Selective Class II Alpha Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Inhibition. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14278-14302. [PMID: 37819647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Class II phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) play central roles in cell signaling, division, migration, and survival. Despite evidence that all PI3K class II isoforms serve unique cellular functions, the lack of isoform-selective inhibitors severely hampers the systematic investigation of their potential relevance as pharmacological targets. Here, we report the structural evaluation and molecular determinants for selective PI3K-C2α inhibition by a structure-activity relationship study based on a pteridinone scaffold, leading to the discovery of selective PI3K-C2α inhibitors called PITCOINs. Cocrystal structures and docking experiments supported the rationalization of the structural determinants essential for inhibitor activity and high selectivity. Profiling of PITCOINs in a panel of more than 118 diverse kinases showed no off-target kinase inhibition. Notably, by addressing a selectivity pocket, PITCOIN4 showed nanomolar inhibition of PI3K-C2α and >100-fold selectivity in a general kinase panel. Our study paves the way for the development of novel therapies for diseases related to PI3K-C2α function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kücükdisli
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hassen Bel-Abed
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen-Ting Lo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina-Louisa Efrém
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Horatscheck
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liudmila Perepelittchenko
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Prokofeva
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Theresa A L Ehret
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Radetzki
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wilhelm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phospholipids derived from phosphatidylinositol. PIs are regulated via reversible phosphorylation, which is directed by the opposing actions of PI kinases and phosphatases. PIs constitute a minor fraction of the total cellular lipid pool but play pleiotropic roles in multiple aspects of cell biology. Genetic mutations of PI regulatory enzymes have been identified in rare congenital developmental syndromes, including ciliopathies, and in numerous human diseases, such as cancer and metabolic and neurological disorders. Accordingly, PI regulatory enzymes have been targeted in the design of potential therapeutic interventions for human diseases. Recent advances place PIs as central regulators of membrane dynamics within functionally distinct subcellular compartments. This brief review focuses on the emerging role PIs play in regulating cell signaling within the primary cilium and in directing transfer of molecules at interorganelle membrane contact sites and identifies new roles for PIs in subcellular spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Michele Davies
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christina Anne Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Harald Alfred Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research. The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Wen T, Thapa N, Cryns VL, Anderson RA. Regulation of Phosphoinositide Signaling by Scaffolds at Cytoplasmic Membranes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1297. [PMID: 37759697 PMCID: PMC10526805 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic phosphoinositides (PI) are critical regulators of the membrane-cytosol interface that control a myriad of cellular functions despite their low abundance among phospholipids. The metabolic cycle that generates different PI species is crucial to their regulatory role, controlling membrane dynamics, vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, and other key cellular events. The synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PI3,4,5P3) in the cytoplamic PI3K/Akt pathway is central to the life and death of a cell. This review will focus on the emerging evidence that scaffold proteins regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway in distinct membrane structures in response to diverse stimuli, challenging the belief that the plasma membrane is the predominant site for PI3k/Akt signaling. In addition, we will discuss how PIs regulate the recruitment of specific scaffolding complexes to membrane structures to coordinate vesicle formation, fusion, and reformation during autophagy as well as a novel lysosome repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu Wen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (N.T.)
| | - Narendra Thapa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (N.T.)
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (N.T.)
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13
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Vidalle MC, Sheth B, Fazio A, Marvi MV, Leto S, Koufi FD, Neri I, Casalin I, Ramazzotti G, Follo MY, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Gehlot S, Divecha N, Fiume R. Nuclear Phosphoinositides as Key Determinants of Nuclear Functions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1049. [PMID: 37509085 PMCID: PMC10377365 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) are signalling messengers representing less than five per cent of the total phospholipid concentration within the cell. Despite their low concentration, these lipids are critical regulators of various cellular processes, including cell cycle, differentiation, gene transcription, apoptosis and motility. PPIns are generated by the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Different pools of PPIns are found at distinct subcellular compartments, which are regulated by an array of kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases. Six of the seven PPIns species have been found in the nucleus, including the nuclear envelope, the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus. The identification and characterisation of PPIns interactor and effector proteins in the nucleus have led to increasing interest in the role of PPIns in nuclear signalling. However, the regulation and functions of PPIns in the nucleus are complex and are still being elucidated. This review summarises our current understanding of the localisation, biogenesis and physiological functions of the different PPIns species in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena C Vidalle
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Bhavwanti Sheth
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Leto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Foteini-Dionysia Koufi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Neri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Casalin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonakshi Gehlot
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nullin Divecha
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Burke JE, Triscott J, Emerling BM, Hammond GRV. Beyond PI3Ks: targeting phosphoinositide kinases in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:357-386. [PMID: 36376561 PMCID: PMC9663198 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid phosphoinositides are master regulators of almost all aspects of a cell's life and death and are generated by the tightly regulated activity of phosphoinositide kinases. Although extensive efforts have focused on drugging class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), recent years have revealed opportunities for targeting almost all phosphoinositide kinases in human diseases, including cancer, immunodeficiencies, viral infection and neurodegenerative disease. This has led to widespread efforts in the clinical development of potent and selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide kinases. This Review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular basis for the involvement of phosphoinositide kinases in disease and assesses the preclinical and clinical development of phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Joanna Triscott
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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16
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Cicolini I, Blasetti A, Chiarelli F. Ciliopathies in pediatric endocrinology. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:5-9. [PMID: 37015775 PMCID: PMC10073028 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244288.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of disorders that involve many organs and systems. In this review, we consider the role of the cilium in multiorgan pathology with a focus on endocrinological aspects. Identification of new genes and mutations is the major challenge in development of a tailored and appropriate therapy. It is expected that new mutations will be identified to characterize ciliopathies and promote new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cicolini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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17
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Cabral-Dias R, Antonescu CN. Control of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling by nanoscale membrane compartmentalization. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200196. [PMID: 36567275 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that produce 3-phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol upon activation by various cues. These 3-phosphorylated lipids bind to various protein effectors to control many cellular functions. Lipid phosphatases such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) terminate PI3K-derived signals and are critical to ensure appropriate signaling outcomes. Many lines of evidence indicate that PI3Ks and PTEN, as well as some specific lipid effectors are highly compartmentalized, either in plasma membrane nanodomains or in endosomal compartments. We examine the evidence for specific recruitment of PI3Ks, PTEN, and other related enzymes to membrane nanodomains and endocytic compartments. We then examine the hypothesis that scaffolding of the sources (PI3Ks), terminators (PTEN), and effectors of these lipid signals with a common plasma membrane nanodomain may achieve highly localized lipid signaling and ensure selective activation of specific effectors. This highlights the importance of spatial regulation of PI3K signaling in various physiological and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cabral-Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Targeting Class I-II-III PI3Ks in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances in Tumor Biology and Preclinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030784. [PMID: 36765741 PMCID: PMC9913247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes, producing signaling phosphoinositides at plasma and intracellular membranes, are key in intracellular signaling and vesicular trafficking pathways. PI3K is a family of eight enzymes divided into three classes with various functions in physiology and largely deregulated in cancer. Here, we will review the recent evidence obtained during the last 5 years on the roles of PI3K class I, II and III isoforms in tumor biology and on the anti-tumoral action of PI3K inhibitors in preclinical cancer models. The dependency of tumors to PI3K isoforms is dictated by both genetics and context (e.g., the microenvironment). The understanding of class II/III isoforms in cancer development and progression remains scarce. Nonetheless, the limited available data are consistent and reveal that there is an interdependency between the pathways controlled by all PI3K class members in their role to promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration and metabolism. It is unknown whether this feature contributes to partial treatment failure with isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors. Hence, a better understanding of class II/III functions to efficiently inhibit their positive and negative interactions with class I PI3Ks is needed. This research will provide the proof-of-concept to develop combination treatment strategies targeting several PI3K isoforms simultaneously.
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19
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Ahn HW, Worman ZF, Lechsinska A, Payer LM, Wang T, Malik N, Li W, Burns KH, Nath A, Levin HL. Retrotransposon insertions associated with risk of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55197. [PMID: 36367221 PMCID: PMC9827563 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are active in neuronal cells raising the question whether TE insertions contribute to risk of neuropsychiatric disease. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) serve as a tool to discover genetic loci associated with neuropsychiatric diseases, unfortunately GWAS do not directly detect structural variants such as TEs. To examine the role of TEs in psychiatric and neurologic disease, we evaluated 17,000 polymorphic TEs and find 76 are in linkage disequilibrium with disease haplotypes (P < 10-6 ) defined by GWAS. From these 76 polymorphic TEs, we identify potentially causal candidates based on having insertions in genomic regions of regulatory chromatin and on having associations with altered gene expression in brain tissues. We show that lead candidate insertions have regulatory effects on gene expression in human neural stem cells altering the activity of a minimal promoter. Taken together, we identify 10 polymorphic TE insertions that are potential candidates on par with other variants for having a causal role in neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Ahn
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Zelia F Worman
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
Seven BridgesCharlestownMAUSA
| | - Arianna Lechsinska
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Lindsay M Payer
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Tongguang Wang
- Translational Neuroscience CenterNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nasir Malik
- Translational Neuroscience CenterNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Wenxue Li
- Section of Infections of the Nervous SystemNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Kathleen H Burns
- Department of Oncologic PathologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Avindra Nath
- Translational Neuroscience CenterNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Section of Infections of the Nervous SystemNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Henry L Levin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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20
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Sailer SA, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Cholesterol and Phosphoinositides in Cilia Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:121-142. [PMID: 36988879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles that can be found on virtually every cell. They appear as hair-like structures emanating from the cellular surface either as single or as bundles of cilia. There, they sense external stimuli and translate them into intracellular signals. Motile cilia beat for the generation of locomotion of unicellular organisms or fluid flow in certain body cavities of vertebrate organisms. Defects in cilia are detrimental and account for the development of ciliopathies, one of the fastest-growing family of afflictions. In the past decade, membrane lipids, such as cholesterol and phosphoinositides, have emerged as essential elements in both the signal transduction via cilia and the building of cilia itself. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the impact of cholesterol and phosphoinositides on cilium biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen-Alexander Sailer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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21
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Lo WT, Belabed H, Kücükdisli M, Metag J, Roske Y, Prokofeva P, Ohashi Y, Horatscheck A, Cirillo D, Krauss M, Schmied C, Neuenschwander M, von Kries JP, Médard G, Kuster B, Perisic O, Williams RL, Daumke O, Payrastre B, Severin S, Nazaré M, Haucke V. Development of selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2α. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:18-27. [PMID: 36109648 PMCID: PMC7613998 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase type 2α (PI3KC2α) and related class II PI3K isoforms are of increasing biomedical interest because of their crucial roles in endocytic membrane dynamics, cell division and signaling, angiogenesis, and platelet morphology and function. Herein we report the development and characterization of PhosphatidylInositol Three-kinase Class twO INhibitors (PITCOINs), potent and highly selective small-molecule inhibitors of PI3KC2α catalytic activity. PITCOIN compounds exhibit strong selectivity toward PI3KC2α due to their unique mode of interaction with the ATP-binding site of the enzyme. We demonstrate that acute inhibition of PI3KC2α-mediated synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates by PITCOINs impairs endocytic membrane dynamics and membrane remodeling during platelet-dependent thrombus formation. PITCOINs are potent and selective cell-permeable inhibitors of PI3KC2α function with potential biomedical applications ranging from thrombosis to diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Lo
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hassane Belabed
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Murat Kücükdisli
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Metag
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvette Roske
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Kristallographie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Prokofeva
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yohei Ohashi
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - André Horatscheck
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide Cirillo
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krauss
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Schmied
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Olga Perisic
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger L. Williams
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Daumke
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Kristallographie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm, U1297-Université, Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France ,grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Severin
- Inserm, U1297-Université, Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Departments of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany. .,Departments of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Morleo M, Vieira HL, Pennekamp P, Palma A, Bento-Lopes L, Omran H, Lopes SS, Barral DC, Franco B. Crosstalk between cilia and autophagy: implication for human diseases. Autophagy 2023; 19:24-43. [PMID: 35613303 PMCID: PMC9809938 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2067383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a self-degradative process necessary for cells to maintain their energy balance during development and in response to nutrient deprivation. Autophagic processes are tightly regulated and have been found to be dysfunctional in several pathologies. Increasing experimental evidence points to the existence of an interplay between autophagy and cilia. Cilia are microtubule-based organelles protruding from the cell surface of mammalian cells that perform a variety of motile and sensory functions and, when dysfunctional, result in disorders known as ciliopathies. Indeed, selective autophagic degradation of ciliary proteins has been shown to control ciliogenesis and, conversely, cilia have been reported to control autophagy. Moreover, a growing number of players such as lysosomal and mitochondrial proteins are emerging as actors of the cilia-autophagy interplay. However, some of the published data on the cilia-autophagy axis are contradictory and indicate that we are just starting to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this review, the current knowledge about this axis and challenges are discussed, as well as the implication for ciliopathies and autophagy-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Helena L.A. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa1169-056, Portugal,UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Petra Pennekamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster48149, Germany,Member of the European Reference Networks ERN-LUNG, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Bento-Lopes
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa1169-056, Portugal
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster48149, Germany,Member of the European Reference Networks ERN-LUNG, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana S. Lopes
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa1169-056, Portugal,Member of the European Reference Networks ERN-LUNG, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte C. Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa1169-056, Portugal
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Naples, Italy,CONTACT Brunella Franco CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa1169-056, Portugal
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23
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Hu L, Brichalli W, Li N, Chen S, Cheng Y, Liu Q, Xiong Y, Yu J. Myotubularin functions through actomyosin to interact with the Hippo pathway. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55851. [PMID: 36285521 PMCID: PMC9724681 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved developmental pathway that controls organ size by integrating diverse regulatory inputs, including actomyosin-mediated cytoskeletal tension. Despite established connections between the actomyosin cytoskeleton and the Hippo pathway, the upstream regulation of actomyosin in the Hippo pathway is less defined. Here, we identify the phosphoinositide-3-phosphatase Myotubularin (Mtm) as a novel upstream regulator of actomyosin that functions synergistically with the Hippo pathway during growth control. Mechanistically, Mtm regulates membrane phospholipid PI(3)P dynamics, which, in turn, modulates actomyosin activity through Rab11-mediated vesicular trafficking. We reveal PI(3)P dynamics as a novel mode of upstream regulation of actomyosin and establish Rab11-mediated vesicular trafficking as a functional link between membrane lipid dynamics and actomyosin activation in the context of growth control. Our study also shows that MTMR2, the human counterpart of Drosophila Mtm, has conserved functions in regulating actomyosin activity and tissue growth, providing new insights into the molecular basis of MTMR2-related peripheral nerve myelination and human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Wyatt Brichalli
- Department of Anatomy & PhysiologyKansas State University College of Veterinary MedicineManhattanKSUSA
| | - Naren Li
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Shifan Chen
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Yaqing Cheng
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Yulan Xiong
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
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24
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Chen C, Hu J, Ling K. The Role of Primary Cilia-Associated Phosphoinositide Signaling in Development. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:51. [PMID: 36547473 PMCID: PMC9785882 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtube-based organelles that extend from the cell surface and function as biochemical and mechanical extracellular signal sensors. Primary cilia coordinate a series of signaling pathways during development. Cilia dysfunction leads to a pleiotropic group of developmental disorders, termed ciliopathy. Phosphoinositides (PIs), a group of signaling phospholipids, play a crucial role in development and tissue homeostasis by regulating membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton reorganization, and organelle identity. Accumulating evidence implicates the involvement of PI species in ciliary defects and ciliopathies. The abundance and localization of PIs in the cell are tightly regulated by the opposing actions of kinases and phosphatases, some of which are recently discovered in the context of primary cilia. Here, we review several cilium-associated PI kinases and phosphatases, including their localization along cilia, function in regulating the ciliary biology under normal conditions, as well as the connection of their disease-associated mutations with ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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25
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Claude-Taupin A, Dupont N, Codogno P. Autophagy and the primary cilium in cell metabolism: What’s upstream? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046248. [PMID: 36438551 PMCID: PMC9682156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to extracellular stimuli, i.e., nutrient and hormone signaling, hypoxia, or mechanical forces by autophagy, is vital for the health of various tissues. The primary cilium (PC) is a microtubule-based sensory organelle that regulates the integration of several extracellular stimuli. Over the past decade, an interconnection between autophagy and PC has begun to be revealed. Indeed, the PC regulates autophagy and in turn, a selective form of autophagy called ciliophagy contributes to the regulation of ciliogenesis. Moreover, the PC regulates both mitochondrial biogenesis and lipophagy to produce free fatty acids. These two pathways converge to activate oxidative phosphorylation and produce ATP, which is mandatory for cell metabolism and membrane transport. The autophagy-dependent production of energy is fully efficient when the PC senses shear stress induced by fluid flow. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk between autophagy, the PC and physical forces in the regulation of cell biology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- *Correspondence: Aurore Claude-Taupin, ; Nicolas Dupont, ; Patrice Codogno,
| | - Patrice Codogno
- *Correspondence: Aurore Claude-Taupin, ; Nicolas Dupont, ; Patrice Codogno,
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26
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Magné J, Green DR. LC3-associated endocytosis and the functions of Rubicon and ATG16L1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5600. [PMID: 36288306 PMCID: PMC9604520 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
LC3-associated endocytosis (LANDO) is a noncanonical function of the autophagy machinery, in which LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain) is conjugated to rab5-positive endosomes, using a portion of the canonical autophagy pathway. LANDO was initially discovered in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease as a critical regulator of amyloid-β receptor recycling in microglial cells, playing a protective role against neuronal loss and memory impairment. Recent evidence suggests an emerging role of LANDO in cytokine receptor signaling and innate immunity. Here, we discuss the regulation of two crucial effectors of LANDO, Rubicon and ATG16L1, and their impact on endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis.
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27
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Galarreta CI, Kennedy C, Blair DR, Slavotinek A. Expanding the phenotype of PIK3C2A related syndrome: Report of two siblings with novel features and genotype. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2724-2731. [PMID: 35770347 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A pair of siblings was ascertained due to multiple congenital anomalies, including strikingly similar facial, skeletal, and ocular abnormalities. Exome sequencing of both the children and their mother revealed two novel PIK3C2A variants in the siblings, c.4381delC (p.Arg1461Glufs*31) and c.1555C > T (p.Arg519Ter). PIK3C2A belongs to the Class IIa family of Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases, which create second messenger lipids that regulate a wide range of downstream signaling pathways involved in cell growth, survival and migration. Tiosano et al. (2019) identified the first monogenic disorder associated with biallelic PIK3C2A loss-of-function variants (oculoskeletodental syndrome). The novel syndrome was characterized by short stature, coarse facial features, ocular and skeletal abnormalities. This report describes two additional siblings affected by the PIK3C2A-related syndrome, confirms core clinical features, establishes intrafamilial variability and expands the phenotype to include proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Galarreta
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism Department, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California, USA
| | - Colleen Kennedy
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism Department, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, California, USA
| | - David R Blair
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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28
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Dutta P, Ray K. Ciliary membrane, localised lipid modification and cilia function. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2613-2631. [PMID: 35661356 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cilium, a tiny microtubule-based cellular appendage critical for cell signalling and physiology, displays a large variety of receptors. The composition and turnover of ciliary lipids and receptors determine cell behaviour. Due to the exclusion of ribosomal machinery and limited membrane area, a cilium needs adaptive logistics to actively reconstitute the lipid and receptor compositions during development and differentiation. How is this dynamicity generated? Here, we examine whether, along with the Intraflagellar-Transport, targeted changes in sector-wise lipid composition could control the receptor localisation and functions in the cilia. We discuss how an interplay between ciliary lipid composition, localised lipid modification, and receptor function could contribute to cilia growth and signalling. We argue that lipid modification at the cell-cilium interface could generate an added thrust for a selective exchange of membrane lipids and the transmembrane and membrane-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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29
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Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases as Potential Targets for Thrombosis Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094840. [PMID: 35563228 PMCID: PMC9105564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As integral parts of pathological arterial thrombi, platelets are the targets of pharmacological regimens designed to treat and prevent thrombosis. A detailed understanding of platelet biology and function is thus key to design treatments that prevent thrombotic cardiovascular disease without significant disruption of the haemostatic balance. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a group of lipid kinases critical to various aspects of platelet biology. There are eight PI3K isoforms, grouped into three classes. Our understanding of PI3K biology has recently progressed with the targeting of specific isoforms emerging as an attractive therapeutic strategy in various human diseases, including for thrombosis. This review will focus on the role of PI3K subtypes in platelet function and subsequent thrombus formation. Understanding the mechanisms by which platelet function is regulated by the various PI3Ks edges us closer toward targeting specific PI3K isoforms for anti-thrombotic therapy.
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30
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Huang Z, Zhang H, Fu X, Han L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhao J, Xiao D, Li H, Li P. Autophagy-driven neutrophil extracellular traps: The dawn of sepsis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153896. [PMID: 35462228 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome caused by infection disorders. The core mechanism of sepsis is immune dysfunction. Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating white blood cells, which play a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response. Previous studies have shown that an effective way to treat sepsis is through the regulation of neutrophil functions. Autophagy, a highly conserved degradation process, is responsible for removing denatured proteins or damaged organelles within cells and protecting cells from external stimuli. It is a key homeostasis process that promotes neutrophil function and differentiation. Autophagy has been shown to be closely associated with inflammation and immunity. Neutrophils, the first line of innate immunity, migrate to inflammatory sites upon their activation. Neutrophil-mediated autophagy may participate in the clinical course of sepsis. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the latest research findings on the changes in neutrophil external traps during sepsis, the regulatory role of autophagy in neutrophil, and the potential application of autophagy-driven NETs in sepsis, so as to guide clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haidan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danyang Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyao Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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31
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Langousis G, Cavadini S, Boegholm N, Lorentzen E, Kempf G, Matthias P. Structure of the ciliogenesis-associated CPLANE complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0832. [PMID: 35427153 PMCID: PMC9012472 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional cilia cause pleiotropic human diseases termed ciliopathies. These hereditary maladies are often caused by defects in cilia assembly, a complex event that is regulated by the ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector (CPLANE) proteins Wdpcp, Inturned, and Fuzzy. CPLANE proteins are essential for building the cilium and are mutated in multiple ciliopathies, yet their structure and molecular functions remain elusive. Here, we show that mammalian CPLANE proteins comprise a bona fide complex and report the near-atomic resolution structures of the human Wdpcp-Inturned-Fuzzy complex and of the mouse Wdpcp-Inturned-Fuzzy complex bound to the small guanosine triphosphatase Rsg1. Notably, the crescent-shaped CPLANE complex binds phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate via multiple modules and a CPLANE ciliopathy mutant exhibits aberrant lipid binding. Our study provides critical structural and functional insights into an enigmatic ciliogenesis-associated complex as well as unexpected molecular rationales for ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Langousis
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Cavadini
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niels Boegholm
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Georg Kempf
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Li H, Prever L, Hsu MY, Lo W, Margaria JP, De Santis MC, Zanini C, Forni M, Novelli F, Pece S, Di Fiore PP, Porporato PE, Martini M, Belabed H, Nazare M, Haucke V, Gulluni F, Hirsch E. Phosphoinositide Conversion Inactivates R-RAS and Drives Metastases in Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103249. [PMID: 35098698 PMCID: PMC8948670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a major cause of death in women worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention significantly improve patient survival rate, metastasis still accounts for most deaths. Here it is reported that, in a cohort of more than 2000 patients with breast cancer, overexpression of PI3KC2α occurs in 52% of cases and correlates with high tumor grade as well as increased probability of distant metastatic events, irrespective of the subtype. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that PI3KC2α synthetizes a pool of PI(3,4)P2 at focal adhesions that lowers their stability and directs breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. PI(3,4)P2 locally produced by PI3KC2α at focal adhesions recruits the Ras GTPase activating protein 3 (RASA3), which inactivates R-RAS, leading to increased focal adhesion turnover, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Proof-of-concept is eventually provided that inhibiting PI3KC2α or lowering RASA3 activity at focal adhesions significantly reduces the metastatic burden in PI3KC2α-overexpressing breast cancer, thereby suggesting a novel strategy for anti-breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Lorenzo Prever
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Myriam Y. Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Wen‐Ting Lo
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Cristina Zanini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Marco Forni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano20142Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano20142Italy
| | - Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Hassane Belabed
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
| | - Marc Nazare
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität BerlinBerlin14195Germany
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
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Lo WT, Zhang Y, Vadas O, Roske Y, Gulluni F, De Santis MC, Zagar AV, Stephanowitz H, Hirsch E, Liu F, Daumke O, Kudryashev M, Haucke V. Structural basis of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2α function. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:218-228. [PMID: 35256802 PMCID: PMC8930771 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase type 2α (PI3KC2α) is an essential member of the structurally unresolved class II PI3K family with crucial functions in lipid signaling, endocytosis, angiogenesis, viral replication, platelet formation and a role in mitosis. The molecular basis of these activities of PI3KC2α is poorly understood. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures as well as a 4.4-Å cryogenic-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structure of PI3KC2α in active and inactive conformations. We unravel a coincident mechanism of lipid-induced activation of PI3KC2α at membranes that involves large-scale repositioning of its Ras-binding and lipid-binding distal Phox-homology and C-C2 domains, and can serve as a model for the entire class II PI3K family. Moreover, we describe a PI3KC2α-specific helical bundle domain that underlies its scaffolding function at the mitotic spindle. Our results advance our understanding of PI3K biology and pave the way for the development of specific inhibitors of class II PI3K function with wide applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Lo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Biological Cryo-EM Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oscar Vadas
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Roske
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Crystallography, Berlin, Germany
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Heike Stephanowitz
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Crystallography, Berlin, Germany
| | - Misha Kudryashev
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Shi H, Wang H, Zhang C, Lu Y, Yao J, Chen Z, Xing G, Wei Q, Cao X. Mutations in OSBPL2 cause hearing loss associated with primary cilia defects via Sonic Hedgehog signaling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:149626. [PMID: 35041619 PMCID: PMC8876550 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective primary cilia cause a range of diseases called ciliopathies, which include hearing loss (HL). Variants in the human oxysterol-binding protein like 2 (OSBPL2/ORP2) are responsible for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic HL (DFNA67). However, the pathogenesis of OSBPL2 deficiency has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that the Osbpl2-KO mice exhibited progressive HL and abnormal cochlear development with defective cilia. Further research revealed that OSBPL2 was located at the base of the kinocilia in hair cells (HCs) and primary cilia in supporting cells (SCs) and functioned in the maintenance of ciliogenesis by regulating the homeostasis of PI(4,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) on the cilia membrane. OSBPL2 deficiency led to a significant increase of PI(4,5)P2 on the cilia membrane, which could be partially rescued by the overexpression of INPP5E. In addition, smoothened and GL13, the key molecules in the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, were detected to be downregulated in Osbpl2-KO HEI-OC1 cells. Our findings revealed that OSBPL2 deficiency resulted in ciliary defects and abnormal Shh signaling transduction in auditory cells, which helped to elucidate the underlying mechanism of OSBPL2 deficiency in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongshun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangqian Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinjun Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing, China
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35
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides are signalling lipids derived from phosphatidylinositol, a ubiquitous phospholipid in the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic membranes. Initially discovered for their roles in cell signalling, phosphoinositides are now widely recognized as key integrators of membrane dynamics that broadly impact on all aspects of cell physiology and on disease. The past decade has witnessed a vast expansion of our knowledge of phosphoinositide biology. On the endocytic and exocytic routes, phosphoinositides direct the inward and outward flow of membrane as vesicular traffic is coupled to the conversion of phosphoinositides. Moreover, recent findings on the roles of phosphoinositides in autophagy and the endolysosomal system challenge our view of lysosome biology. The non-vesicular exchange of lipids, ions and metabolites at membrane contact sites in between organelles has also been found to depend on phosphoinositides. Here we review our current understanding of how phosphoinositides shape and direct membrane dynamics to impact on cell physiology, and provide an overview of emerging concepts in phosphoinositide regulation.
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36
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An Overview of Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:51-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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He Y, Sun MM, Zhang GG, Yang J, Chen KS, Xu WW, Li B. Targeting PI3K/Akt signal transduction for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:425. [PMID: 34916492 PMCID: PMC8677728 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and progression of tumors. Examining the upstream and downstream nodes of this pathway could allow full elucidation of its function. Based on accumulating evidence, strategies targeting major components of the pathway might provide new insights for cancer drug discovery. Researchers have explored the use of some inhibitors targeting this pathway to block survival pathways. However, because oncogenic PI3K pathway activation occurs through various mechanisms, the clinical efficacies of these inhibitors are limited. Moreover, pathway activation is accompanied by the development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, strategies involving pathway inhibitors and other cancer treatments in combination might solve the therapeutic dilemma. In this review, we discuss the roles of the PI3K/Akt pathway in various cancer phenotypes, review the current statuses of different PI3K/Akt inhibitors, and introduce combination therapies consisting of signaling inhibitors and conventional cancer therapies. The information presented herein suggests that cascading inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, either alone or in combination with other therapies, are the most effective treatment strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Miao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo Geng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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38
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Gulluni F, Prever L, Li H, Krafcikova P, Corrado I, Lo WT, Margaria JP, Chen A, De Santis MC, Cnudde SJ, Fogerty J, Yuan A, Massarotti A, Sarijalo NT, Vadas O, Williams RL, Thelen M, Powell DR, Schüler M, Wiesener MS, Balla T, Baris HN, Tiosano D, McDermott BM, Perkins BD, Ghigo A, Martini M, Haucke V, Boura E, Merlo GR, Buchner DA, Hirsch E. PI(3,4)P2-mediated cytokinetic abscission prevents early senescence and cataract formation. Science 2021; 374:eabk0410. [PMID: 34882480 PMCID: PMC7612254 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinetic membrane abscission is a spatially and temporally regulated process that requires ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport)–dependent control of membrane remodeling at the midbody, a subcellular organelle that defines the cleavage site. Alteration of ESCRT function can lead to cataract, but the underlying mechanism and its relation to cytokinesis are unclear. We found a lens-specific cytokinetic process that required PI3K-C2α (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2α), its lipid product PI(3,4)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate), and the PI(3,4)P2–binding ESCRT-II subunit VPS36 (vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36). Loss of each of these components led to impaired cytokinesis, triggering premature senescence in the lens of fish, mice, and humans. Thus, an evolutionarily conserved pathway underlies the cell type–specific control of cytokinesis that helps to prevent early onset cataract by protecting from senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Prever
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Huayi Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Petra Krafcikova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Corrado
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Wen-Ting Lo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Anlu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Sophie J. Cnudde
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Joseph Fogerty
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nasrin Torabi Sarijalo
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oscar Vadas
- Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roger L. Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David R. Powell
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Markus Schüler
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charite University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael S. Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hagit N. Baris
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 30196, Israel
| | - Dov Tiosano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 30196, Israel
- Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion - –Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 30196, Israel
| | - Brian M. McDermott
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Brian D. Perkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Roberto Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, 10126, Italy
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39
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Ohashi Y. Activation Mechanisms of the VPS34 Complexes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113124. [PMID: 34831348 PMCID: PMC8624279 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) is essential for cell survival, and its intracellular synthesis is spatially and temporally regulated. It has major roles in two distinctive cellular pathways, namely, the autophagy and endocytic pathways. PtdIns(3)P is synthesized from phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) by PIK3C3C/VPS34 in mammals or Vps34 in yeast. Pathway-specific VPS34/Vps34 activity is the consequence of the enzyme being incorporated into two mutually exclusive complexes: complex I for autophagy, composed of VPS34/Vps34-Vps15/Vps15-Beclin 1/Vps30-ATG14L/Atg14 (mammals/yeast), and complex II for endocytic pathways, in which ATG14L/Atg14 is replaced with UVRAG/Vps38 (mammals/yeast). Because of its involvement in autophagy, defects in which are closely associated with human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, developing highly selective drugs that target specific VPS34/Vps34 complexes is an essential goal in the autophagy field. Recent studies on the activation mechanisms of VPS34/Vps34 complexes have revealed that a variety of factors, including conformational changes, lipid physicochemical parameters, upstream regulators, and downstream effectors, greatly influence the activity of these complexes. This review summarizes and highlights each of these influences as well as clarifying key questions remaining in the field and outlining future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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40
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Primary cilium-dependent autophagy in the response to shear stress. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2831-2839. [PMID: 34747995 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces, such as compression, shear stress and stretching, play major roles during development, tissue homeostasis and immune processes. These forces are translated into a wide panel of biological responses, ranging from changes in cell morphology, membrane transport, metabolism, energy production and gene expression. Recent studies demonstrate the role of autophagy in the integration of these physical constraints. Here we focus on the role of autophagy in the integration of shear stress induced by blood and urine flows in the circulatory system and the kidney, respectively. Many studies highlight the involvement of the primary cilium, a microtubule-based antenna present at the surface of many cell types, in the integration of extracellular stimuli. The cross-talk between the molecular machinery of autophagy and that of the primary cilium in the context of shear stress is revealed to be an important dialog in cell biology.
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41
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Schwarz H, Popp B, Airik R, Torabi N, Knaup KX, Stoeckert J, Wiech T, Amann K, Reis A, Schiffer M, Wiesener MS, Schueler M. Biallelic ANKS6 mutations cause late onset ciliopathy with chronic kidney disease through YAP dysregulation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1357-1369. [PMID: 34740236 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) comprises a group of inherited kidney diseases, caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins localizing to primary cilia. NPHP-RC represent the one of the most frequent monogenic causes of renal failure within the first three decades of life, but its molecular disease mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we identified biallelic ANKS6 mutations in two affected siblings with late onset chronic kidney disease by whole exome sequencing. We employed patient derived fibroblasts generating an in vitro model to study the precise biological impact of distinct human ANKS6 mutations, completed by immunohistochemistry studies on renal biopsy samples. Functional studies using patient derived cells showed an impaired integrity of the ciliary Inversin compartment with reduced cilia length. Further analyses demonstrated that ANKS6 deficiency leads to a dysregulation of Hippo-signaling through nuclear YAP imbalance, and disrupted ciliary localization of YAP. Additionally an altered transcriptional activity of canonical Wnt target genes and altered expression of non-phosphorylated (active) β-catenin and phosphorylated GSK3β were observed. Upon ciliation ANKS6 deficiency revealed a deranged subcellular localization and expression of components of the endocytic recycling compartment. Our results demonstrate that ANKS6 plays a key role in regulating the Hippo pathway and ANKS6 deficiency is linked to dysregulation of signaling pathways. Our study provides molecular clues in understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of NPHP-RC and may offer new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schwarz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Rannar Airik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Nasrin Torabi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Karl X Knaup
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Johanna Stoeckert
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Section, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Michael S Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Markus Schueler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
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42
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Kasahara K, Inagaki M. Primary ciliary signaling: links with the cell cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:954-964. [PMID: 34420822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, microtubule-based structures emanating from the surface of most vertebrate cells. Although it is understood that ciliary assembly and disassembly both depend upon and impact cell cycle progression, critical mechanistic details of these links remain unresolved. Accumulating evidence shows that the signaling pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and lysophosphatidic acid receptors control the dynamics of primary cilia. It has also become clear that primary cilia not only serve as signaling hubs but also regulate the composition of the surrounding membrane, which is likely to affect the response to growth factors. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay between primary cilia and the cell cycle, with a focus on growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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43
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Li H, Prever L, Hirsch E, Gulluni F. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3517. [PMID: 34298731 PMCID: PMC8304822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the primary cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Although early diagnosis and cancer growth inhibition has significantly improved breast cancer survival rate over the years, there is a current need to develop more effective systemic treatments to prevent metastasis. One of the most commonly altered pathways driving breast cancer cell growth, survival, and motility is the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade. In the past 30 years, a great surge of inhibitors targeting these key players has been developed at a rapid pace, leading to effective preclinical studies for cancer therapeutics. However, the central role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling varies among diverse biological processes, suggesting the need for more specific and sophisticated strategies for their use in cancer therapy. In this review, we provide a perspective on the role of the PI3K signaling pathway and the most recently developed PI3K-targeting breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (H.L.); (L.P.); (E.H.)
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44
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Lovera M, Lüders J. The ciliary impact of nonciliary gene mutations. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:876-887. [PMID: 34183231 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding centriolar or ciliary proteins cause diseases collectively known as 'ciliopathies'. Interestingly, the Human Phenotype Ontology database lists numerous disorders that display clinical features reminiscent of ciliopathies but do not involve defects in the centriole-cilium proteome. Instead, defects in different cellular compartments may impair cilia indirectly and cause additional, nonciliopathy phenotypes. This phenotypic heterogeneity, perhaps combined with the field's centriole-cilium-centric view, may have hindered the recognition of ciliary contributions. Identifying these diseases and dissecting how the underlying gene mutations impair cilia not only will add to our understanding of cilium assembly and function but also may open up new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lovera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Lüders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Claude-Taupin A, Morel E. Phosphoinositides: Functions in autophagy-related stress responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158903. [PMID: 33578048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are key lipids in eukaryotes, regulating organelles' identity and function. Their synthesis and turnover require specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that are ensured by dedicated lipid kinases and phosphatases, which modulate the structure of the inositol ring by adding or removing phosphates on positions 3, 4 or 5. Beside their implication in intracellular signalization and cytoskeleton dynamics, phosphoinositides are essential for vesicular transport along intracellular trafficking routes, by providing molecular scaffolds to membrane related events such as budding, fission or fusion. Robust and detailed literature demonstrated that some members of the phosphoinositides family are crucial for the autophagy pathway, acting as fine tuners and regulators. In this review, we discuss the known functions of phosphoinositides in autophagy canonical processes, such as during autophagosome formation, as well as the importance of phosphoinositides in organelle-based processes directly connected to the autophagic machinery, such as endosomal dynamics, ciliogenesis and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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46
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Erasmus JC, Smolarczyk K, Brezovjakova H, Mohd-Naim NF, Lozano E, Matter K, Braga VMM. Rac1-PAK1 regulation of Rab11 cycling promotes junction destabilization. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212034. [PMID: 33914026 PMCID: PMC8091128 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 GTPase is hyperactivated in tumors and contributes to malignancy. Rac1 disruption of junctions requires its effector PAK1, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that E-cadherin is internalized via micropinocytosis in a PAK1–dependent manner without catenin dissociation and degradation. In addition to internalization, PAK1 regulates E-cadherin transport by fine-tuning Rab small GTPase function. PAK1 phosphorylates a core Rab regulator, RabGDIβ, but not RabGDIα. Phosphorylated RabGDIβ preferentially associates with Rab5 and Rab11, which is predicted to promote Rab retrieval from membranes. Consistent with this hypothesis, Rab11 is activated by Rac1, and inhibition of Rab11 function partially rescues E-cadherin destabilization. Thus, Rac1 activation reduces surface cadherin levels as a net result of higher bulk flow of membrane uptake that counteracts Rab11-dependent E-cadherin delivery to junctions (recycling and/or exocytosis). This unique small GTPase crosstalk has an impact on Rac1 and PAK1 regulation of membrane remodeling during epithelial dedifferentiation, adhesion, and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Erasmus
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kasia Smolarczyk
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Brezovjakova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Noor F Mohd-Naim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Encarnación Lozano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vania M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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47
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Dhekne HS, Yanatori I, Vides EG, Sobu Y, Diez F, Tonelli F, Pfeffer SR. LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab10 sequesters Myosin Va with RILPL2 during ciliogenesis blockade. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202101050. [PMID: 33727250 PMCID: PMC7994366 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic LRRK2 phosphorylation of Rab10 GTPase dramatically redistributes Myosin Va and RILPL2 proteins to the mother centriole and sequesters Myosin Va at that location in a manner that likely interferes with its role in ciliogenesis. Activating mutations in LRRK2 kinase causes Parkinson’s disease. Pathogenic LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases and blocks ciliogenesis. Thus, defining novel phospho-Rab interacting partners is critical to our understanding of the molecular basis of LRRK2 pathogenesis. RILPL2 binds with strong preference to LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab8A and Rab10. RILPL2 is a binding partner of the motor protein and Rab effector, Myosin Va. We show here that the globular tail domain of Myosin Va also contains a high affinity binding site for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab10. In the presence of pathogenic LRRK2, RILPL2 and MyoVa relocalize to the peri-centriolar region in a phosphoRab10-dependent manner. PhosphoRab10 retains Myosin Va over pericentriolar membranes as determined by fluorescence loss in photobleaching microscopy. Without pathogenic LRRK2, RILPL2 is not essential for ciliogenesis but RILPL2 over-expression blocks ciliogenesis in RPE cells independent of tau tubulin kinase recruitment to the mother centriole. These experiments show that LRRK2 generated-phosphoRab10 dramatically redistributes a significant fraction of Myosin Va and RILPL2 to the mother centriole in a manner that likely interferes with Myosin Va’s role in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herschel S Dhekne
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edmundo G Vides
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuriko Sobu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Federico Diez
- Medical Research Council Lab of Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Medical Research Council Lab of Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Suzanne R Pfeffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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48
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Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoforms in vesicular trafficking. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:893-901. [PMID: 33666217 PMCID: PMC8106491 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are critical regulators of many cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal reorganization, and intracellular vesicular trafficking. They are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate membrane phosphoinositide lipids at the 3′ position of their inositol rings, and in mammals they are divided into three classes. The role of the class III PI3K Vps34 is well-established, but recent evidence suggests the physiological significance of class II PI3K isoforms in vesicular trafficking. This review focuses on the recently discovered functions of the distinct PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β class II PI3K isoforms in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and consequent endosomal signaling, and discusses recently reported data on class II PI3K isoforms in different physiological contexts in comparison with class I and III isoforms.
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49
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Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-C2α is essential for Notch signaling by regulating the endocytosis of γ-secretase in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5199. [PMID: 33664344 PMCID: PMC7933152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The class II α-isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-C2α) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis at least in part through participating in endocytosis and, thereby, endosomal signaling of several cell surface receptors including VEGF receptor-2 and TGFβ receptor in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The Notch signaling cascade regulates many cellular processes including cell proliferation, cell fate specification and differentiation. In the present study, we explored a role of PI3K-C2α in Delta-like 4 (Dll4)-induced Notch signaling in ECs. We found that knockdown of PI3K-C2α inhibited Dll4-induced generation of the signaling molecule Notch intracellular domain 1 (NICD1) and the expression of Notch1 target genes including HEY1, HEY2 and NOTCH3 in ECs but not in vascular smooth muscle cells. PI3K-C2α knockdown did not inhibit Dll4-induced endocytosis of cell surface Notch1. In contrast, PI3K-C2α knockdown as well as clathrin heavy chain knockdown impaired endocytosis of Notch1-cleaving protease, γ-secretase complex, with the accumulation of Notch1 at the perinuclear endolysosomes. Pharmacological blockage of γ-secretase also induced the intracellular accumulation of Notch1. Taken together, we conclude that PI3K-C2α is required for the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of γ-secretase complex, which allows for the cleavage of endocytosed Notch1 by γ-secretase complex at the endolysosomes to generate NICD1 in ECs.
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50
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Zappaterra M, Gioiosa S, Chillemi G, Zambonelli P, Davoli R. Dissecting the Gene Expression Networks Associated with Variations in the Major Components of the Fatty Acid Semimembranosus Muscle Profile in Large White Heavy Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030628. [PMID: 33673460 PMCID: PMC7997476 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The amount and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat are important features for the qualitative characteristics of processed and fresh meat products, but the knowledge of the key molecular drivers controlling these traits is still scant. To this aim, the present study investigated the co-expression networks of genes related to variations in the major fatty acids deposited in pig Semimembranosus muscle. Palmitic and palmitoleic acid contents were associated with a downregulation of genes involved in autophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and mitochondrial activity, suggesting that the deposition of these fatty acids may be enhanced in muscles with a reduced mitochondrial function. A higher proportion of oleic acid and a reduction in the percentages of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were related to changes in the mRNA levels of genes involved in Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling. The obtained results indicated gene expression networks and new candidate genes associated with the studied traits. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and identify in the discussed genes molecular markers for future selection schemes aimed at improving pork nutritional and technological quality. Furthermore, as pigs are considered reliable animal models for several human conditions, the obtained results may also be of interest for improving the knowledge of the molecular pathways associated with obesity and diabetes. Abstract To date, high-throughput technology such as RNA-sequencing has been successfully applied in livestock sciences to investigate molecular networks involved in complex traits, such as meat quality. Pork quality depends on several organoleptic, technological, and nutritional characteristics, and it is also influenced by the fatty acid (FA) composition of intramuscular fat (IMF). To explore the molecular networks associated with different IMF FA compositions, the Semimembranosus muscle (SM) from two groups of Italian Large White (ILW) heavy pigs divergent for SM IMF content was investigated using transcriptome analysis. After alignment and normalization, the obtained gene counts were used to perform the Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA package in R environment). Palmitic and palmitoleic contents showed association with the same gene modules, comprising genes significantly enriched in autophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and mitochondrial activity. Among the key genes related to these FAs, we found TEAD4, a gene regulating mitochondrial activity that seems to be a promising candidate for further studies. On the other hand, the genes comprised in the modules associated with the IMF contents of oleic, n-6, and n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were significantly enriched in Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling, in agreement with previous studies suggesting that several MAPK players may have a primary role in regulating lipid deposition. These results give an insight into the molecular cascade associated with different IMF FA composition in ILW heavy pigs. Further studies are needed to validate the results and confirm whether some of the identified key genes may be effective candidates for pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Silvia Gioiosa
- CINECA SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department (SCAI), Via dei Tizii 6, I-00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), La Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, I-40127 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (R.D.)
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