1
|
Tsai YY, Chen YJ, Chang LS, Wu CC. Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in hemodialysis patients with pruritus and the effect of Staphylococcus aureus-secreted α-toxin on filaggrin expression. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38894607 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) commonly reside on human skin in residents in long-term care facilities, yet its colonization and impact on the skin of hemodialysis (HD) patients have yet to be studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the colonization of S. aureus on the skin of pruritic and non-pruritic HD patients, and the influence of S. aureus and S. aureus-secreted α-toxin on skin barrier function-related protein expression. In this study, a higher relative S. aureus count in pruritic HD patients compared to non-pruritic HD patients and healthy subjects were revealed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. S. aureus and α-toxin decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1 (OVOL1), and filaggrin (FLG) in keratinocytes. In addition, anti-alpha-hemolysin (anti-hla) was used as an α-toxin neutralizer, and it successfully abrogated S. aureus-induced AHR, OVOL1, and FLG mRNA and protein expression downregulation. Mechanistically, α-toxin could decrease FLG activity by preventing the recruitment of AHR to the FLG promoter region. In conclusion, pruritic HD patients had higher S. aureus colonization, with S. aureus-secreted α-toxin suppressing FLG expression through the AHR-FLG axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang R, Yan Z. Cancer spreading patterns based on epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1259953. [PMID: 38665432 PMCID: PMC11043583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1259953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, underscoring the necessity to discern the rules and patterns of cancer cell spreading. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity contributes to cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. Despite establishing key determinants of cancer aggressiveness and metastatic ability, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism is unknown. We aimed to propose a classification system for cancer cells based on epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, focusing on hysteresis of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype. Methods: We extensively reviewed the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, specifically considering the hysteresis of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype. Results: In this review and hypothesis article, based on epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, especially the hysteresis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, we proposed a classification of cancer cells, indicating that cancer cells with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity potential could be classified into four types: irreversible hysteresis, weak hysteresis, strong hysteresis, and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype. These four types of cancer cells had varied biology, spreading features, and prognoses. Discussion: Our results highlight that the proposed classification system offers insights into the diverse behaviors of cancer cells, providing implications for cancer aggressiveness and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaopeng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hall IF, Kishta F, Xu Y, Baker AH, Kovacic JC. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition: at the axis of cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:223-236. [PMID: 38385523 PMCID: PMC10939465 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surface of blood vessels and play a major role in vascular (patho)-physiology by acting as a barrier, sensing circulating factors and intrinsic/extrinsic signals. ECs have the capacity to undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a complex differentiation process with key roles both during embryonic development and in adulthood. EndMT can contribute to EC activation and dysfunctional alterations associated with maladaptive tissue responses in human disease. During EndMT, ECs progressively undergo changes leading to expression of mesenchymal markers while repressing EC lineage-specific traits. This phenotypic and functional switch is considered to largely exist in a continuum, being characterized by a gradation of transitioning stages. In this report, we discuss process plasticity and potential reversibility and the hypothesis that different EndMT-derived cell populations may play a different role in disease progression or resolution. In addition, we review advancements in the EndMT field, current technical challenges, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities in the context of cardiovascular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School and University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sunny SS, Lachova J, Kasparek P, Palkova M, Spoutil F, Prochazka J, Sedlacek R, Liskova P, Kozmik Z. Ovol2 promoter mutations in mice and human illuminate species-specific phenotypic divergence. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:491-500. [PMID: 37971355 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the highly conserved OVOL2 promoter region cause posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) 1 by inducing an ectopic expression of the endothelial OVOL2 mRNA. Here we produced an allelic series of Ovol2 promoter mutations in the mouse model including the heterozygous c.-307T>C variant (RefSeq NM_021220.4) causing PPCD1 in humans. Despite the high evolutionary conservation of the Ovol2 promoter, only some alterations of its sequence had phenotypic consequences in mice. Four independent sequence variants in the distal part of the Ovol2 promoter had no significant effect on endothelial Ovol2 mRNA level or caused any ocular phenotype. In contrast, the mutation c.-307T>C resulted in increased Ovol2 expression in the corneal endothelium. However, only a small fraction of adult mice c.-307T>C heterozygotes developed ocular phenotypes such as irido-corneal adhesions, and corneal opacity. Interestingly, phenotypic penetrance was increased at embryonic stages. Notably, c.-307T>C mutation is located next to the Ovol1/Ovol2 transcription factor binding site. Mice carrying an allele with a deletion encompassing the Ovol2 binding site c.-307_-320del showed significant Ovol2 gene upregulation in the cornea endothelium and exhibited phenotypes similar to the c.-307T>C mutation. In conclusion, although the mutations c.-307T>C and -307_-320del lead to a comparably strong increase in endothelial Ovol2 expression as seen in PPCD1 patients, endothelial dystrophy was not observed in the mouse model, implicating species-specific differences in endothelial cell biology. Nonetheless, the emergence of dominant ocular phenotypes associated with Ovol2 promoter variants in mice implies a potential role of this gene in eye development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweetu Susan Sunny
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Lachova
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA 94158, San Francisco, United States
| | - Marcela Palkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prumyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prumyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prumyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prumyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 121 08, Prague 2, Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong X, Peddada N, Wang J, Moresco JJ, Zhan X, Shelton JM, SoRelle JA, Keller K, Lazaro DR, Moresco EMY, Choi JH, Beutler B. OVOL2 sustains postnatal thymic epithelial cell identity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7786. [PMID: 38012144 PMCID: PMC10682436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct pathways and molecules may support embryonic versus postnatal thymic epithelial cell (TEC) development and maintenance. Here, we identify a mechanism by which TEC numbers and function are maintained postnatally. A viable missense allele (C120Y) of Ovol2, expressed ubiquitously or specifically in TECs, results in lymphopenia, in which T cell development is compromised by loss of medullary TECs and dysfunction of cortical TECs. We show that the epithelial identity of TECs is aberrantly subverted towards a mesenchymal state in OVOL2-deficient mice. We demonstrate that OVOL2 inhibits the epigenetic regulatory BRAF-HDAC complex, specifically disrupting RCOR1-LSD1 interaction. This causes inhibition of LSD1-mediated H3K4me2 demethylation, resulting in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activation of epithelial genes. Thus, OVOL2 controls the epigenetic landscape of TECs to enforce TEC identity. The identification of a non-redundant postnatal mechanism for TEC maintenance offers an entry point to understanding thymic involution, which normally begins in early adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhong
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Nagesh Peddada
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - James J Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8821, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Intermal Medicine-Histopathology Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8573, USA
| | - Jeffrey A SoRelle
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Katie Keller
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Danielle Renee Lazaro
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Eva Marie Y Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Jin Huk Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA.
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang Y, Zhang Z. OVOL2: an epithelial lineage determiner with emerging roles in energy homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:824-833. [PMID: 37336658 PMCID: PMC10524639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ovo like zinc finger 2 (OVOL2) is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of epithelial lineage determination and differentiation during embryogenesis. OVOL2 binds to DNA using zinc-finger domains to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is critical for tumor metastasis. However, recent studies have suggested some noncanonical roles of OVOL2 that do not rely on the DNA binding of zinc-finger domains or regulation of EMT. OVOL2 and EMT regulators have emerging roles in adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism. Here, we review different roles of OVOL2 from embryo development to adult tissue homeostasis, and discuss how OVOL2 and other EMT regulators orchestrate a regulatory network to control energy homeostasis. Last, we propose potential applications of targeting OVOL2 to reduce human obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiao Jiang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vu R, Dragan M, Sun P, Werner S, Dai X. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cutaneous Wound Healing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041237. [PMID: 36617638 PMCID: PMC10411868 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial cells possess the inherent plasticity to undergo morphological, cellular, and molecular changes leading to their resemblance of mesenchymal cells. A prevailing notion has been that cutaneous wound reepithelialization involves partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of wound-edge epidermal cells to enable their transition from a stationary state to a migratory state. In this review, we reflect on past findings that led to this notion and discuss recent studies that suggest a refined view, focusing predominantly on in vivo results using mammalian excisional wound models. We highlight the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which emphasizes a reversible conversion of epithelial cells across multiple intermediate states within the epithelial-mesenchymal spectrum, and discuss the critical importance of restricting EMT for effective wound reepithelialization. We also outline the current state of knowledge on EMP in pathological wound healing, and on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process similar to EMT, as a possible mechanism contributing to wound fibrosis and scar formation. Harnessing epithelial/endothelial-mesenchymal plasticity may unravel opportunities for developing new therapeutics to treat human wound healing pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, 8093 ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1700, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dragan M, Chen Z, Li Y, Le J, Sun P, Haensel D, Sureshchandra S, Pham A, Lu E, Pham KT, Verlande A, Vu R, Gutierrez G, Li W, Jang C, Masri S, Dai X. Ovol1/2 loss-induced epidermal defects elicit skin immune activation and alter global metabolism. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56214. [PMID: 37249012 PMCID: PMC10328084 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin epidermis constitutes the outer permeability barrier that protects the body from dehydration, heat loss, and myriad external assaults. Mechanisms that maintain barrier integrity in constantly challenged adult skin and how epidermal dysregulation shapes the local immune microenvironment and whole-body metabolism remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that inducible and simultaneous ablation of transcription factor-encoding Ovol1 and Ovol2 in adult epidermis results in barrier dysregulation through impacting epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and inflammatory gene expression. We find that aberrant skin immune activation then ensues, featuring Langerhans cell mobilization and T cell responses, and leading to elevated levels of secreted inflammatory factors in circulation. Finally, we identify failure to gain body weight and accumulate body fat as long-term consequences of epidermal-specific Ovol1/2 loss and show that these global metabolic changes along with the skin barrier/immune defects are partially rescued by immunosuppressant dexamethasone. Collectively, our study reveals key regulators of adult barrier maintenance and suggests a causal connection between epidermal dysregulation and whole-body metabolism that is in part mediated through aberrant immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- The NSF‐Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Present address:
Institute of PsoriasisTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Johnny Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Present address:
Program in Epithelial BiologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Anh Pham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Eddie Lu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Katherine Thanh Pham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- The NSF‐Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- The NSF‐Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Dermatology, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Verstappe J, Berx G. A role for partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in enabling stemness in homeostasis and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:15-28. [PMID: 36773819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal capacities and the ability to give rise to differentiated cells thereby sustaining tissues during homeostasis and injury. This structural hierarchy extends to tumours which harbor stem-like cells deemed cancer stem cells that propagate the tumour and drive metastasis and relapse. The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an important role in development and cancer cell migration, was shown to be correlated with stemness in both homeostasis and cancer indicating that stemness can be acquired and is not necessarily an intrinsic trait. Nowadays it is experimentally proven that the activation of an EMT program does not necessarily drive cells towards a fully mesenchymal phenotype but rather to hybrid E/M states. This review offers the latest advances in connecting the EMT status and stem-cell state of both non-transformed and cancer cells. Recent literature clearly shows that hybrid EMT states have a higher probability of acquiring stem cell traits. The position of a cell along the EMT-axis which coincides with a stem cell-like state is known as the stemness window. We show how the original EMT-state of a cell dictates the EMT/MET inducing programmes required to reach stemness. Lastly we present the mechanism of stemness regulation and the regulatory feedback loops which position cells at a certain EMT state along the EMT axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Verstappe
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kidney tumors associated with germline mutations of FH and SDHB show a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278108. [PMID: 36455002 PMCID: PMC9714951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations within the Krebs cycle enzyme genes fumarate hydratase (FH) or succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) are associated with an increased risk of aggressive and early metastasizing variants of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These RCCs express significantly increased levels of intracellular fumarate or succinate that inhibit 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, such as the TET enzymes that regulate DNA methylation. This study evaluated the genome-wide methylation profiles of 34 RCCs from patients with RCC susceptibility syndromes and 11 associated normal samples using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. All the HLRCC (FH mutated) and SDHB-RCC (SDHB mutated) tumors demonstrated a distinct CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). HLRCC tumors demonstrated an extensive and relatively uniform level of hypermethylation that showed some correlation with tumor size. SDHB-RCC demonstrated a lesser and more varied pattern of hypermethylation that overlapped in part with the HLRCC hypermethylation. Combined methylation and mRNA expression analysis of the HLRCC tumors demonstrated hypermethylation and transcription downregulation of genes associated with the HIF pathway, HIF3A and CITED4, the WNT pathway, SFRP1, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and MYC expression, OVOL1. These observations were confirmed in the TCGA CIMP-RCC tumors. A selected panel of probes could identify the CIMP tumors and differentiate between HLRCC and SDHB-RCC tumors. This panel accurately detected all CIMP-RCC tumors within the TCGA RCC cohort, identifying them as HLRCC -like, and could potentially be used to create a liquid biopsy-based screening tool. The CIMP signature in these aggressive tumors could provide both a useful biomarker for diagnosis and a target for novel therapies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Su L, Ludwig S, Zhang X, Tang M, Li X, Anderton P, Zhan X, Choi M, Russell J, Bu CH, Lyon S, Xu D, Hildebrand S, Scott L, Quan J, Simpson R, Sun Q, Qin B, Collie T, Tadesse M, Moresco EMY, Beutler B. Obesity caused by an OVOL2 mutation reveals dual roles of OVOL2 in promoting thermogenesis and limiting white adipogenesis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1860-1874.e4. [PMID: 36228616 PMCID: PMC9633419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using random germline mutagenesis in mice, we identified a viable hypomorphic allele (boh) of the transcription-factor-encoding gene Ovol2 that resulted in obesity, which initially developed with normal food intake and physical activity but decreased energy expenditure. Fat weight was dramatically increased, while lean weight was reduced in 12-week-old boh homozygous mice, culminating by 24 weeks in massive obesity, hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The Ovol2boh/boh genotype augmented obesity in Lepob/ob mice, and pair-feeding failed to normalize obesity in Ovol2boh/boh mice. OVOL2-deficient mice were extremely cold intolerant. OVOL2 is essential for brown/beige adipose tissue-mediated thermogenesis. In white adipose tissues, OVOL2 limited adipogenesis by blocking C/EBPα engagement of its transcriptional targets. Overexpression of OVOL2 in adipocytes of mice fed with a high-fat diet reduced total body and liver fat and improved insulin sensitivity. Our data reveal that OVOL2 plays dual functions in thermogenesis and adipogenesis to maintain energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Yiao Jiang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lijing Su
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara Ludwig
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Priscilla Anderton
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mihwa Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jamie Russell
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chun-Hui Bu
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stephen Lyon
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Darui Xu
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara Hildebrand
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lindsay Scott
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiexia Quan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rochelle Simpson
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qihua Sun
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Baifang Qin
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tiffany Collie
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meron Tadesse
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eva Marie Y Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Solé-Boldo L, Raddatz G, Gutekunst J, Gilliam O, Bormann F, Liberio MS, Hasche D, Antonopoulos W, Mallm JP, Lonsdorf AS, Rodríguez-Paredes M, Lyko F. Differentiation-related epigenomic changes define clinically distinct keratinocyte cancer subclasses. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e11073. [PMID: 36121124 PMCID: PMC9484266 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte cancers (KC) are the most prevalent malignancies in fair-skinned populations, posing a significant medical and economic burden to health systems. KC originate in the epidermis and mainly comprise basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Here, we combined single-cell multi-omics, transcriptomics, and methylomics to investigate the epigenomic dynamics during epidermal differentiation. We identified ~3,800 differentially accessible regions between undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes, corresponding to regulatory regions associated with key transcription factors. DNA methylation at these regions defined AK/cSCC subtypes with epidermal stem cell- or keratinocyte-like features. Using cell-type deconvolution tools and integration of bulk and single-cell methylomes, we demonstrate that these subclasses are consistent with distinct cells-of-origin. Further characterization of the phenotypic traits of the subclasses and the study of additional unstratified KC entities uncovered distinct clinical features for the subclasses, linking invasive and metastatic KC cases with undifferentiated cells-of-origin. Our study provides a thorough characterization of the epigenomic dynamics underlying human keratinocyte differentiation and uncovers novel links between KC cells-of-origin and their prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Solé-Boldo
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Raddatz
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Gutekunst
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gilliam
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bormann
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle S Liberio
- Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Center and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hasche
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Antonopoulos
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Center and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke S Lonsdorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Paredes
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Embryo-Maternal Communication under Healthy Conditions or Viral Infections: Lessons from a Bovine Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121858. [PMID: 35740987 PMCID: PMC9221285 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mesenchymal stem cells are a relevant cell population found in the maternal reproductive tract that exhibits the immunomodulation capacity required to prevent embryo rejection. The phenotypic plasticity showed by both endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) and embryonic trophoblast through mesenchymal to epithelial transition and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, respectively, is essential for embryo implantation. Embryonic trophoblast maintains active crosstalk via EVs and soluble proteins with eMSC and peripheral blood MSC (pbMSC) to ensure the retention of eMSC in case of pregnancy and induce the chemotaxis of pbMSC, critical for successful implantation. Early pregnancy-related proteins and angiogenic markers are detected as cargo in EVs and the soluble fraction of the embryonic trophectoderm secretome. The pattern of protein secretion in trophectoderm-EVs changes depending on their epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype and due to the uptake of MSC EVs. However, the changes in this EV-mediated communication between maternal and embryonic MSC populations infected by viruses that cause abortions in cattle are poorly understood. They are critical in the investigation of reproductive viral pathologies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate is critical for determination of epithelial characteristics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2347. [PMID: 35534464 PMCID: PMC9085759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells provide cell-cell adhesion that is essential to maintain the integrity of multicellular organisms. Epithelial cell-characterizing proteins, such as epithelial junctional proteins and transcription factors are well defined. However, the role of lipids in epithelial characterization remains poorly understood. Here we show that the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is enriched in the plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells lose their characteristics upon depletion of PM PI(4,5)P2, and synthesis of PI(4,5)P2 in the PM results in the development of epithelial-like morphology in osteosarcoma cells. PM localization of PARD3 is impaired by depletion of PM PI(4,5)P2 in epithelial cells, whereas expression of the PM-targeting exocyst-docking region of PARD3 induces osteosarcoma cells to show epithelial-like morphological changes, suggesting that PI(4,5)P2 regulates epithelial characteristics by recruiting PARD3 to the PM. These results indicate that a high level of PM PI(4,5)P2 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of epithelial characteristics. Epithelial cells provide cell-cell adhesion to maintain the integrity of multicellular organisms. Here the authors show that phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate is critical for the maintenance of epithelial characteristics.
Collapse
|
15
|
OVOL1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by enhancing the degradation of TGF-β type I receptor. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:126. [PMID: 35484112 PMCID: PMC9050647 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1 (OVOL1) is a key mediator of epithelial lineage determination and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). The cytokines transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) control the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) of cancer cells, but whether this occurs through interplay with OVOL1 is not known. Here, we show that OVOL1 is inversely correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, and is an indicator of a favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. OVOL1 suppresses EMT, migration, extravasation, and early metastatic events of breast cancer cells. Importantly, BMP strongly promotes the expression of OVOL1, which enhances BMP signaling in turn. This positive feedback loop is established through the inhibition of TGF-β receptor signaling by OVOL1. Mechanistically, OVOL1 interacts with and prevents the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7), which is a negative regulator of TGF-β type I receptor stability. Moreover, a small-molecule compound 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) was identified to activate OVOL1 expression and thereby antagonizing (at least in part) TGF-β-mediated EMT and migration in breast cancer cells. Our results uncover a novel mechanism by which OVOL1 attenuates TGF-β/SMAD signaling and maintains the epithelial identity of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Tiwari M, Chen Y, Luanpitpong S, Sen GL. CDK12 Is Necessary to Promote Epidermal Differentiation Through Transcription Elongation. Stem Cells 2022; 40:435-445. [PMID: 35325240 PMCID: PMC9199850 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Proper differentiation of the epidermis is essential to prevent water loss and to protect the body from the outside environment. Perturbations in this process can lead to a variety of skin diseases that impacts 1 in 5 people. While transcription factors that control epidermal differentiation have been well characterized, other aspects of transcription control such as elongation are poorly understood. Here we show that of the two cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK12 and CDK13), that are known to regulate transcription elongation, only CDK12 is necessary for epidermal differentiation. Depletion of CDK12 led to loss of differentiation gene expression and absence of skin barrier formation in regenerated human epidermis. CDK12 binds to genes that code for differentiation promoting transcription factors (GRHL3, KLF4, and OVOL1) and is necessary for their elongation. CDK12 is necessary for elongation by promoting Ser2 phosphorylation on the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and the stabilization of binding of the elongation factor SPT6 to target genes. Our results suggest that control of transcription elongation by CDK12 plays a prominent role in adult cell fate decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leon A, Subirana L, Magre K, Cases I, Tena JJ, Irimia M, Gomez-Skarmeta JL, Escriva H, Bertrand S. Gene regulatory networks of epidermal and neural fate choice in a chordate. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6547258. [PMID: 35276009 PMCID: PMC9004418 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are a highly specialized cell type only found in metazoans. They can be scattered throughout the body or grouped together, forming ganglia or nerve cords. During embryogenesis, centralized nervous systems develop from the ectoderm, which also forms the epidermis. How pluripotent ectodermal cells are directed toward neural or epidermal fates, and to which extent this process is shared among different animal lineages, are still open questions. Here, by using micromere explants, we were able to define in silico the putative gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underlying the first steps of the epidermis and the central nervous system formation in the cephalochordate amphioxus. We propose that although the signal triggering neural induction in amphioxus (i.e., Nodal) is different from vertebrates, the main transcription factors implicated in this process are conserved. Moreover, our data reveal that transcription factors of the neural program seem to not only activate neural genes but also to potentially have direct inputs into the epidermal GRN, suggesting that the Nodal signal might also contribute to neural fate commitment by repressing the epidermal program. Our functional data on whole embryos support this result and highlight the complex interactions among the transcription factors activated by the signaling pathways that drive ectodermal cell fate choice in chordates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Leon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Lucie Subirana
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Kevin Magre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ildefonso Cases
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan J Tena
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Gomez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hector Escriva
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Stéphanie Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dragan M, Sun P, Chen Z, Ma X, Vu R, Shi Y, Villalta SA, Dai X. Epidermis-Intrinsic Transcription Factor Ovol1 Coordinately Regulates Barrier Maintenance and Neutrophil Accumulation in Psoriasis-Like Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:583-593.e5. [PMID: 34461129 PMCID: PMC9968377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin epidermis constitutes the exterior barrier that protects the body from dehydration and environmental assaults. Barrier defects underlie common inflammatory skin diseases, but the molecular mechanisms that maintain barrier integrity and regulate epidermal-immune cell cross-talk in inflamed skin are not fully understood. In this study, we show that skin epithelia-specific deletion of Ovol1, which encodes a skin disease‒linked transcriptional repressor, impairs the epidermal barrier and aggravates psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice in part by enhancing neutrophil accumulation and abscess formation. Through molecular studies, we identify IL-33, a cytokine with known pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities, and Cxcl1, a neutrophil-attracting chemokine, as potential weak and strong direct targets of Ovol1, respectively. Furthermore, we provide functional evidence that elevated Il33 expression reduces disease severity in imiquimod-treated Ovol1-deficient mice, whereas persistent accumulation and epidermal migration of neutrophils exacerbate it. Collectively, our study uncovers the importance of an epidermally expressed transcription factor that regulates both the integrity of the epidermal barrier and the behavior of neutrophils in psoriasis-like inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yuling Shi
- Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA,Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naitou Y, Nagamatsu G, Hamazaki N, Shirane K, Hayashi M, Hayashi M, Kobayashi S, Hayashi K. Dual role of Ovol2 on the germ cell lineage segregation during gastrulation in mouse embryogenesis. Development 2022; 149:274415. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs), the origin of the germ line, are specified from the epiblast at the posterior region where gastrulation simultaneously occurs, yet the functional relationship between PGC specification and gastrulation remains unclear. Here, we show that OVOL2, a transcription factor conserved across the animal kingdom, balances these major developmental processes by repressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that drives gastrulation and the upregulation of genes associated with PGC specification. Ovol2a, a splice variant encoding a repressor domain, directly regulates EMT-related genes and, consequently, induces re-acquisition of potential pluripotency during PGC specification, whereas Ovol2b, another splice variant missing the repressor domain, directly upregulates genes associated with PGC specification. Taken together, these results elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying allocation of the germ line among epiblast cells differentiating into somatic cells through gastrulation.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naitou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Go Nagamatsu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hamazaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Shirane
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Germline Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Han Y, Villarreal-Ponce A, Gutierrez G, Nguyen Q, Sun P, Wu T, Sui B, Berx G, Brabletz T, Kessenbrock K, Zeng YA, Watanabe K, Dai X. Coordinate control of basal epithelial cell fate and stem cell maintenance by core EMT transcription factor Zeb1. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110240. [PMID: 35021086 PMCID: PMC9894649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of undifferentiated, long-lived, and often quiescent stem cells in the basal compartment is important for homeostasis and regeneration of multiple epithelial tissues, but the molecular mechanisms that coordinately control basal cell fate and stem cell quiescence are elusive. Here, we report an epithelium-intrinsic requirement for Zeb1, a core transcriptional inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, for mammary epithelial ductal side branching and for basal cell regenerative capacity. Our findings uncover an evolutionarily conserved role of Zeb1 in promoting basal cell fate over luminal differentiation. We show that Zeb1 loss results in increased basal cell proliferation at the expense of quiescence and self-renewal. Moreover, Zeb1 cooperates with YAP to activate Axin2 expression, and inhibition of Wnt signaling partially restores stem cell function to Zeb1-deficient basal cells. Thus, Zeb1 is a transcriptional regulator that maintains both basal cell fate and stem cell quiescence, and it functions in part through suppressing Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Alvaro Villarreal-Ponce
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Benjamin Sui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Lab, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine I, University, Erlangen-Nuernberg Glueckstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kazuhide Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, D250 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cockburn K, Annusver K, Gonzalez DG, Ganesan S, May DP, Mesa KR, Kawaguchi K, Kasper M, Greco V. Gradual differentiation uncoupled from cell cycle exit generates heterogeneity in the epidermal stem cell layer. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1692-1700. [PMID: 36357619 PMCID: PMC9729105 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly regenerative tissues continuously produce terminally differentiated cells to replace those that are lost. How they orchestrate the complex transition from undifferentiated stem cells towards post-mitotic, molecularly distinct and often spatially segregated differentiated populations is not well understood. In the adult skin epidermis, the stem cell compartment contains molecularly heterogeneous subpopulations1-4 whose relationship to the complete trajectory of differentiation remains unknown. Here we show that differentiation, from commitment to exit from the stem cell layer, is a multi-day process wherein cells transit through a continuum of transcriptional changes with upregulation of differentiation genes preceding downregulation of typical stemness genes. Differentiation-committed cells remain capable of dividing to produce daughter cells fated to further differentiate, demonstrating that differentiation is uncoupled from cell cycle exit. These cell divisions are not required as part of an obligate transit-amplifying programme but help to buffer the differentiating cell pool during heightened demand. Thus, instead of distinct contributions from multiple progenitors, a continuous gradual differentiation process fuels homeostatic epidermal turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Cockburn
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Karl Annusver
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David G. Gonzalez
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Smirthy Ganesan
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Dennis P. May
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kailin R. Mesa
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kyogo Kawaguchi
- grid.508743.dNonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Habuki Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan ,grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Kobe, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XUniversal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Kasper
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Greco
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Molekularne mechanizmy działania czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1 w skórze. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Artykuł jest przeglądem wyników badań dotyczących funkcji i mechanizmu działania czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1. Lokalizacja FOXN1 u przedstawicieli wszystkich ssaków ogranicza się do nabłonka tylko dwóch organów: skóry i grasicy. W skórze FOXN1 stymuluje różnicowanie się keratynocytów, reguluje proces pigmentacji i bierze udział w rozwoju włosów. W skórze objętej urazem FOXN1 jest zaangażowany w bliznowy proces gojenia poprzez udział w reepitelializacji oraz w procesie przejścia epitelialno-mezenchymalnego (epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EMT). Pozbawione aktywnego czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1 dorosłe myszy (Foxn1-/-) goją urazy skórne w unikalnym, charakterystycznym jedynie dla płodów ssaków, procesie bezbliznowej (scar-free) regeneracji. Analiza porównawcza transkryptomów skóry: dorosłych myszy Foxn1-/- oraz skóry płodów myszy (14. dzień rozwoju płodowego) wykazała istotne podobieństwa w ekspresji genów związanych przede wszystkim z przebudową tkanek, budową cytoszkieletu, gojeniem urazów, odpowiedzią immunologiczną oraz różnicowaniem. Wyniki te wskazują, iż FOXN1 może być głównym elementem szlaku sygnałowego na drodze tzw. punktu tranzycyjnego czyli przejścia z etapu gojenia bezbliznowego (płodowego) do bliznowego (dorosłego) w trakcie rozwoju płodowego.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fang JS, Hultgren NW, Hughes CCW. Regulation of Partial and Reversible Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702021. [PMID: 34692672 PMCID: PMC8529039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During development and in several diseases, endothelial cells (EC) can undergo complete endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT or EndMT) to generate endothelial-derived mesenchymal cells. Emerging evidence suggests that ECs can also undergo a partial EndoMT to generate cells with intermediate endothelial- and mesenchymal-character. This partial EndoMT event is transient, reversible, and supports both developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Here, we discuss possible regulatory mechanisms that may control the EndoMT program to dictate whether cells undergo complete or partial mesenchymal transition, and we further consider how these pathways might be targeted therapeutically in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nan W. Hultgren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher C. W. Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The transrepression and transactivation roles of CtBPs in the pathogenesis of different diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1335-1347. [PMID: 34196767 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene transcription is strictly controlled by transcriptional complexes, which are assemblies of transcription factors, transcriptional regulators, and co-regulators. Mammalian genomes encode two C-terminal-binding proteins (CtBPs), CtBP1 and CtBP2, which are both well-known transcriptional corepressors of oncogenic processes. Their overexpression in tumors is associated with malignant behavior, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as with an increase in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CtBPs coordinate with other transcriptional regulators, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (p300 and CBP [CREBP-binding protein]) that contain the PXDLS motif, and with transcription factors to assemble transcriptional complexes that dock onto the promoters of genes to initiate gene transcription. Emerging evidence suggests that CtBPs function as both corepressors and coactivators in different biological processes ranging from apoptosis to inflammation and osteogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of CtBPs or the interactions required to form transcriptional complexes has also shown promising effects in preventing disease progression. This review summarizes the most recent progress in the study of CtBP functions and therapeutic inhibitors in different biological processes. This knowledge may enable a better understanding of the complexity of the roles of CtBPs, while providing new insights into therapeutic strategies that target CtBPs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chakraborty P, Chen EL, McMullen I, Armstrong AJ, Kumar Jolly M, Somarelli JA. Analysis of immune subtypes across the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity spectrum. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3842-3851. [PMID: 34306571 PMCID: PMC8283019 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity plays a critical role in many solid tumor types as a mediator of metastatic dissemination and treatment resistance. In addition, there is also a growing appreciation that the epithelial/mesenchymal status of a tumor plays a role in immune evasion and immune suppression. A deeper understanding of the immunological features of different tumor types has been facilitated by the availability of large gene expression datasets and the development of methods to deconvolute bulk RNA-Seq data. These resources have generated powerful new ways of characterizing tumors, including classification of immune subtypes based on differential expression of immunological genes. In the present work, we combine scoring algorithms to quantify epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity with immune subtype analysis to understand the relationship between epithelial plasticity and immune subtype across cancers. We find heterogeneity of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status both within and between cancer types, with greater heterogeneity in the expression of EMT-related factors than of MET-related factors. We also find that specific immune subtypes have associated EMT scores and differential expression of immune checkpoint markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, United Kingdom
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, United Kingdom
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Analysis of the genomic landscape of yolk sac tumors reveals mechanisms of evolution and chemoresistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3579. [PMID: 34117242 PMCID: PMC8196104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are a major histological subtype of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors with a relatively poor prognosis. The molecular basis of this disease has not been thoroughly characterized at the genomic level. Here we perform whole-exome and RNA sequencing on 41 clinical tumor samples from 30 YST patients, with distinct responses to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We show that microsatellite instability status and mutational signatures are informative of chemoresistance. We identify somatic driver candidates, including significantly mutated genes KRAS and KIT and copy-number alteration drivers, including deleted ARID1A and PARK2, and amplified ZNF217, CDKN1B, and KRAS. YSTs have very infrequent TP53 mutations, whereas the tumors from patients with abnormal gonadal development contain both KRAS and TP53 mutations. We further reveal a role of OVOL2 overexpression in YST resistance to cisplatin. This study lays a critical foundation for understanding key molecular aberrations in YSTs and developing related therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun P, Vu R, Dragan M, Haensel D, Gutierrez G, Nguyen Q, Greenberg E, Chen Z, Wu J, Atwood S, Pearlman E, Shi Y, Han W, Kessenbrock K, Dai X. OVOL1 Regulates Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation and Epidermal Hyperplasia. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1542-1552. [PMID: 33333123 PMCID: PMC8532526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by aberrant inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia. Molecular mechanisms that regulate psoriasis-like skin inflammation remain to be fully understood. Here, we show that the expression of Ovol1 (encoding ovo-like 1 transcription factor) is upregulated in psoriatic skin, and its deletion results in aggravated psoriasis-like skin symptoms following stimulation with imiquimod. Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify molecular changes in the epidermal, fibroblast, and immune cells of Ovol1-deficient skin that reflect an altered course of epidermal differentiation and enhanced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we provide evidence for excessive full-length IL-1α signaling in the microenvironment of imiquimod-treated Ovol1-deficient skin that functionally contributes to immune cell infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia. Collectively, our study uncovers a protective role for OVOL1 in curtailing psoriasis-like inflammation and the associated skin pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elyse Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Scott Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yuling Shi
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Embryonic Trophectoderm Secretomics Reveals Chemotactic Migration and Intercellular Communication of Endometrial and Circulating MSCs in Embryonic Implantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115638. [PMID: 34073234 PMCID: PMC8199457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic implantation is a key step in the establishment of pregnancy. In the present work, we have carried out an in-depth proteomic analysis of the secretome (extracellular vesicles and soluble proteins) of two bovine blastocysts embryonic trophectoderm primary cultures (BBT), confirming different epithelial–mesenchymal transition stages in these cells. BBT-secretomes contain early pregnancy-related proteins and angiogenic proteins both as cargo in EVs and the soluble fraction. We have demonstrated the functional transfer of protein-containing secretome between embryonic trophectoderm and maternal MSC in vitro using two BBT primary cultures eight endometrial MSC (eMSC) and five peripheral blood MSC (pbMSC) lines. We observed that eMSC and pbMSC chemotax to both the soluble fraction and EVs of the BBT secretome. In addition, in a complementary direction, we found that the pattern of expression of implantation proteins in BBT-EVs changes depending on: (i) their epithelial–mesenchymal phenotype; (ii) as a result of the uptake of eMSC- or pbMSC-EV previously stimulated or not with embryonic signals (IFN-τ); (iii) because of the stimulation with the endometrial cytokines present in the uterine fluid in the peri-implantation period.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu RS, Lin J, Xing YM, Gao WL, Jiang YX, Chen LX, Zhang XP, Dai ZL. OVOL2 inhibits macrophage M2 polarization by regulating IL-10 transcription, and thus inhibits the tumor metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Immunol Lett 2021; 242:17-26. [PMID: 34033850 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells is an important cause of death in breast cancer patients. In the tumor microenvironment, M2 polarization of macrophages can promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. OVOL2 is an evolutionarily conserved transcription regulator, but its effect in macrophages has not been described previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OVOL2 on macrophage polarity and the role of these effects in the tumor metastasis. We found that overexpression of OVOL2 in macrophages significantly inhibited M2 polarization and thus inhibits breast cancer metastasis. We propose a novel mechanism in which OVOL2 inhibits M2 polarization of macrophages and thus reduces their ability to induce invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. By shedding new light on the regulation of metastasis in cancers, our study provides a new strategy for the targeted therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Si Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Mei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Li Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Xu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xue-Ping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhong-Liang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
de Jesus DS, Mak TCS, Wang YF, von Ohlen Y, Bai Y, Kane E, Chabosseau P, Chahrour CM, Distaso W, Salem V, Tomas A, Stoffel M, Rutter GA, Latreille M. Dysregulation of the Pdx1/Ovol2/Zeb2 axis in dedifferentiated β-cells triggers the induction of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetes. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101248. [PMID: 33989778 PMCID: PMC8184664 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-cell dedifferentiation has been revealed as a pathological mechanism underlying pancreatic dysfunction in diabetes. We previously showed that increased miR-7 levels trigger β-cell dedifferentiation and diabetes. We used β-cell-specific miR-7 overexpressing mice (Tg7) to test the hypothesis that loss of β-cell identity triggered by miR-7 overexpression alters islet gene expression and islet microenvironment in diabetes. METHODS We performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in islets obtained from β-cell-specific miR-7 overexpressing mice (Tg7). We carried out loss- and gain-of-function experiments in MIN6 and EndoC-bH1 cell lines. We analysed previously published mouse and human T2D data sets. RESULTS Bulk RNA-seq revealed that β-cell dedifferentiation is associated with the induction of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prediabetic (2-week-old) and diabetic (12-week-old) Tg7 mice. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) indicated that this EMT signature is enriched specifically in β-cells. These molecular changes are associated with a weakening of β-cell: β-cell contacts, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and TGFβ-dependent islet fibrosis. We found that the mesenchymal reprogramming of β-cells is explained in part by the downregulation of Pdx1 and its inability to regulate a myriad of epithelial-specific genes expressed in β-cells. Notable among genes transactivated by Pdx1 is Ovol2, which encodes a transcriptional repressor of the EMT transcription factor Zeb2. Following compromised β-cell identity, the reduction in Pdx1 gene expression causes a decrease in Ovol2 protein, triggering mesenchymal reprogramming of β-cells through the induction of Zeb2. We provided evidence that EMT signalling associated with the upregulation of Zeb2 expression is a molecular feature of islets in T2D subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that miR-7-mediated β-cell dedifferentiation induces EMT signalling and a chronic response to tissue injury, which alters the islet microenvironment and predisposes to fibrosis. This research suggests that regulators of EMT signalling may represent novel therapeutic targets for treating β-cell dysfunction and fibrosis in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S de Jesus
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tracy C S Mak
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Computing and Bioinformatics Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yorrick von Ohlen
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ying Bai
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eva Kane
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Catherine M Chahrour
- Computing and Bioinformatics Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Victoria Salem
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Lee Kong China School of Medicine, Nan Yang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mathieu Latreille
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luger T, Amagai M, Dreno B, Dagnelie MA, Liao W, Kabashima K, Schikowski T, Proksch E, Elias PM, Simon M, Simpson E, Grinich E, Schmuth M. Atopic dermatitis: Role of the skin barrier, environment, microbiome, and therapeutic agents. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 102:142-157. [PMID: 34116898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous and pruritic skin lesions. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased worldwide, most notably in developing countries. The enormous progress in our understanding of the complex composition and functions of the epidermal barrier allows for a deeper appreciation of the active role that the skin barrier plays in the initiation and maintenance of skin inflammation. The epidermis forms a physical, chemical, immunological, neuro-sensory, and microbial barrier between the internal and external environment. Not only lesional, but also non-lesional areas of AD skin display many morphological, biochemical and functional differences compared with healthy skin. Supporting this notion, genetic defects affecting structural proteins of the skin barrier, including filaggrin, contribute to an increased risk of AD. There is evidence to suggest that natural environmental allergens and man-made pollutants are associated with an increased likelihood of developing AD. A compromised epidermal barrier predisposes the skin to increased permeability of these compounds. Numerous topical and systemic therapies for AD are currently available or in development; while anti-inflammatory therapy is central to the treatment of AD, some existing and novel therapies also appear to exert beneficial effects on skin barrier function. Further research on the skin barrier, particularly addressing epidermal differentiation and inflammation, lipid metabolism, and the role of bacterial communities for skin barrier function, will likely expand our understanding of the complex etiology of AD and lead to identification of novel targets and the development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Ange Dagnelie
- Dermatology Department, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Peter M Elias
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michel Simon
- UDEAR, Inserm, University of Toulouse, U1056, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Erin Grinich
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Skin Microbiome and Skin Conditions in Healthy Subjects-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030563. [PMID: 33803200 PMCID: PMC8000884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) is a unique strain which directly activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells, resulting in the prevention against broad spectrum of viral infection. Additionally, we found that LC-Plasma intake stimulated skin immunity and prevents Staphylococcus aureus epicutaneous infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LC-Plasma dietary supplementation on skin microbiome, gene expression in the skin, and skin conditions in healthy subjects. (2) Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Seventy healthy volunteers were enrolled and assigned into two groups receiving either placebo or LC-Plasma capsules (approximately 1 × 1011 cells/day) for 8 weeks. The skin microbiome was analyzed by NGS and qPCR. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR and skin conditions were diagnosed by dermatologists before and after intervention. (3) Result: LC-Plasma supplementation prevented the decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus pasteuri and overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes. In addition, LC-Plasma supplementation suggested to increase the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes but not tight junction genes. Furthermore, the clinical scores of skin conditions were ameliorated by LC-Plasma supplementation. (4) Conclusions: Our findings provided the insights that the dietary supplementation of LC-Plasma might have stabilizing effects on seasonal change of skin microbiome and skin conditions in healthy subjects.
Collapse
|
33
|
Berenguer J, Celià-Terrassa T. Cell memory of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:103-110. [PMID: 33578288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental biological processes of cell identity and cell fate determination are controlled by complex regulatory networks. These processes require molecular mechanisms that confer cellular phenotypic memory and state persistence. In this minireview, we will summarize mechanisms of cell memory based on regulatory hysteretic feedback loops and explore epigenetic mechanisms widely represented in nature, with special focus on epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity. We will also discuss the functional consequences of cell memory and epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity dynamics during development and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Berenguer
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Celià-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li J, Xu X, Tiwari M, Chen Y, Fuller M, Bansal V, Tamayo P, Das S, Ghosh P, Sen GL. SPT6 promotes epidermal differentiation and blockade of an intestinal-like phenotype through control of transcriptional elongation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:784. [PMID: 33542242 PMCID: PMC7862286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult tissue, stem and progenitor cells must tightly regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation to sustain homeostasis. How this exquisite balance is achieved is an area of active investigation. Here, we show that epidermal genes, including ~30% of induced differentiation genes already contain stalled Pol II at the promoters in epidermal stem and progenitor cells which is then released into productive transcription elongation upon differentiation. Central to this process are SPT6 and PAF1 which are necessary for the elongation of these differentiation genes. Upon SPT6 or PAF1 depletion there is a loss of human skin differentiation and stratification. Unexpectedly, loss of SPT6 also causes the spontaneous transdifferentiation of epidermal cells into an intestinal-like phenotype due to the stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate P63. Our findings suggest that control of transcription elongation through SPT6 plays a prominent role in adult somatic tissue differentiation and the inhibition of alternative cell fate choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mackenzie Fuller
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varun Bansal
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bieg M, Moskalev EA, Will R, Hebele S, Schwarzbach M, Schmeck S, Hohenberger P, Jakob J, Kasper B, Gaiser T, Ströbel P, Wardelmann E, Kontny U, Braunschweig T, Sirbu H, Grützmann R, Meidenbauer N, Ishaque N, Eils R, Wiemann S, Hartmann A, Agaimy A, Fritchie K, Giannini C, Haller F. Gene Expression in Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFTs) Correlates with Anatomic Localization and NAB2-STAT6 Gene Fusion Variants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:602-617. [PMID: 33497701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) harbor recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions, promoting constitutional up-regulation of oncogenic early growth response 1 (EGR1)-dependent gene expression. SFTs with the most common canonical NAB2 exon 4-STAT6 exon 2 fusion variant are often located in the thorax (pleuropulmonary) and are less cellular with abundant collagen. In contrast, SFTs with NAB2 exon 6-STAT6 exon 16/17 fusion variants typically display a cellular round to ovoid cell morphology and are often located in the deep soft tissue of the retroperitoneum and intra-abdominal pelvic region or in the meninges. Here, we employed next-generation sequencing-based gene expression profiling to identify significant differences in gene expression associated with anatomic localization and NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion variants. SFTs with the NAB2 exon 4-STAT6 exon 2 fusion variant showed a transcriptional signature enriched for genes involved in DNA binding, gene transcription, and nuclear localization, whereas SFTs with the NAB2 exon 6-STAT6 exon 16/17 fusion variants were enriched for genes involved in tyrosine kinase signaling, cell proliferation, and cytoplasmic localization. Specific transcription factor binding motifs were enriched among differentially expressed genes in SFTs with different fusion variants, implicating co-transcription factors in the modification of chimeric NGFI-A binding protein 2 (NAB2)-STAT6-dependent deregulation of EGR1-dependent gene expression. In summary, this study establishes a potential molecular biologic basis for clinicopathologic differences in SFTs with distinct NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bieg
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Moskalev
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Hebele
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sanja Schmeck
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Frankfurt Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Hohenberger
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Jakob
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kasper
- Sarcoma Unit, Interdisciplinary Tumor Center Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Meidenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Health Data Science Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karen Fritchie
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, Italy
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, Italy; Anatomic Pathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie-DIBINEM-Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Florian Haller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The evolutionary emergence of the mesenchymal phenotype greatly increased the complexity of tissue architecture and composition in early Metazoan species. At the molecular level, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was permitted by the innovation of specific transcription factors whose expression is sufficient to repress the epithelial transcriptional program. The reverse process, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), involves direct inhibition of EMT transcription factors by numerous mechanisms including tissue-specific MET-inducing transcription factors (MET-TFs), micro-RNAs, and changes to cell and tissue architecture, thus providing an elegant solution to the need for tight temporal and spatial control over EMT and MET events during development and adult tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Katja Röper
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Satoh TK, Mellett M, Meier-Schiesser B, Fenini G, Otsuka A, Beer HD, Rordorf T, Maul JT, Hafner J, Navarini AA, Contassot E, French LE. IL-36γ drives skin toxicity induced by EGFR/MEK inhibition and commensal Cutibacterium acnes. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1417-1430. [PMID: 31805013 PMCID: PMC7269569 DOI: 10.1172/jci128678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MEK inhibitors (EGFRi/MEKi) are beneficial for the treatment of solid cancers but are frequently associated with severe therapy-limiting acneiform skin toxicities. The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Using gene expression profiling we identified IL-36γ and IL-8 as candidate drivers of EGFRi/MEKi skin toxicity. We provide molecular and translational evidence that EGFRi/MEKi in concert with the skin commensal bacterium Cutibacterium acnes act synergistically to induce IL-36γ in keratinocytes and subsequently IL-8, leading to cutaneous neutrophilia. IL-36γ expression was the combined result of C. acnes–induced NF-κB activation and EGFRi/MEKi–mediated expression of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), due to the presence of both NF-κB and KLF4 binding sites in the human IL-36γ gene promoter. EGFRi/MEKi increased KLF4 expression by blockade of the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway. These results provide an insight into understanding the pathological mechanism of the acneiform skin toxicities induced by EGFRi/MEKi and identify IL-36γ and the transcription factor KLF4 as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi K Satoh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Mellett
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Rordorf
- Clinic for Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Saxena K, Srikrishnan S, Celia-Terrassa T, Jolly MK. OVOL1/2: Drivers of Epithelial Differentiation in Development, Disease, and Reprogramming. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 211:183-192. [PMID: 32932250 DOI: 10.1159/000511383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OVOL proteins (OVOL1 and OVOL2), vertebrate homologs of Drosophila OVO, are critical regulators of epithelial lineage determination and differentiation during embryonic development in tissues such as kidney, skin, mammary epithelia, and testis. OVOL can inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and/or can promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Moreover, they can regulate the stemness of cancer cells, thus playing an important role during cancer cell metastasis. Due to their central role in differentiation and maintenance of epithelial lineage, OVOL overexpression has been shown to be capable of reprogramming fibroblasts to epithelial cells. Here, we review the roles of OVOL-mediated epithelial differentiation across multiple contexts, including embryonic development, cancer progression, and cellular reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Toni Celia-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kisoda S, Shao W, Fujiwara N, Mouri Y, Tsunematsu T, Jin S, Arakaki R, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. Prognostic value of partial EMT-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by a bioinformatic analysis. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1149-1156. [PMID: 32277532 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have revealed that the ability of cancer cells to undergo intermediate state of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), partial EMT (p-EMT), poses a higher metastatic risk rather than complete EMT. Here, we examined the prognostic value of p-EMT-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by bioinformatic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used RNA-seq data of 519 primary HNSCC cases obtained from TCGA database. We compared the expression of p-EMT-related genes in HNSCC tissues with normal tissues. We evaluated the prognostic value of p-EMT-related genes in HNSCC cases by log-rank test. We examined the expression of p-EMT-, EMT-, and epithelial differentiation-related genes by qPCR. RESULTS Among p-EMT-related genes that were highly expressed in HNSCC cases, high expression of SERPINE1, ITGA5, TGFBI, P4HA2, CDH13, and LAMC2 was significantly correlated with poor survival of HNSCC patients. By gene expression pattern, HNSCC cell lines were classified into three groups: epithelial phenotype, EMT phenotype, and p-EMT phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that p-EMT program may be involved in poor prognosis of HNSCC. SERPINE1, ITGA5, TGFBI, P4HA2, CDH13, and LAMC2 can be used for a prognostic marker. Moreover, HNSCC cells with p-EMT phenotype can be a useful model for investigating a nature of p-EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kisoda
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Wenhua Shao
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shengjian Jin
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Egolf S, Aubert Y, Doepner M, Anderson A, Maldonado-Lopez A, Pacella G, Lee J, Ko EK, Zou J, Lan Y, Simpson CL, Ridky T, Capell BC. LSD1 Inhibition Promotes Epithelial Differentiation through Derepression of Fate-Determining Transcription Factors. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1981-1992.e7. [PMID: 31433976 PMCID: PMC6719800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-renewing somatic tissues depend upon the proper balance of chromatin-modifying enzymes to coordinate progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation, disruption of which can promote carcinogenesis. As a result, drugs targeting the epigenome hold significant therapeutic potential. The histone demethylase, LSD1 (KDM1A), is overexpressed in numerous cancers, including epithelial cancers; however, its role in the skin is virtually unknown. Here we show that LSD1 directly represses master epithelial transcription factors that promote differentiation. LSD1 inhibitors block both LSD1 binding to chromatin and its catalytic activity, driving significant increases in H3K4 methylation and gene transcription of these fate-determining transcription factors. This leads to both premature epidermal differentiation and the repression of squamous cell carcinoma. Together these data highlight both LSD1’s role in maintaining the epidermal progenitor state and the potential of LSD1 inhibitors for the treatment of keratinocyte cancers, which collectively outnumber all other cancers combined. Egolf et al. demonstrate that inhibition of the epigenetic regulator and histone demethylase, LSD1, promotes activation of the epidermal differentiation transcriptional program and, in turn, represses the invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, one of the most common of all human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Egolf
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yann Aubert
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Miriam Doepner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy Anderson
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Maldonado-Lopez
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gina Pacella
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica Lee
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eun Kyung Ko
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Zou
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cory L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Todd Ridky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Capell
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV, Kyriazopoulou V, Zaravinos A. EMT Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 32318352 PMCID: PMC7154126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a biological program during which epithelial cells lose their cell identity and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is normally observed during organismal development, wound healing and tissue fibrosis. However, this process can be hijacked by cancer cells and is often associated with resistance to apoptosis, acquisition of tissue invasiveness, cancer stem cell characteristics, and cancer treatment resistance. It is becoming evident that EMT is a complex, multifactorial spectrum, often involving episodic, transient or partial events. Multiple factors have been causally implicated in EMT including transcription factors (e.g., SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB), epigenetic modifications, microRNAs (e.g., miR-200 family) and more recently, long non-coding RNAs. However, the relevance of metabolic pathways in EMT is only recently being recognized. Importantly, alterations in key metabolic pathways affect cancer development and progression. In this review, we report the roles of key EMT factors and describe their interactions and interconnectedness. We introduce metabolic pathways that are involved in EMT, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and characterize the relationship between EMT factors and cancer metabolism. Finally, we present therapeutic opportunities involving EMT, with particular focus on cancer metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Venetsana Kyriazopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Carpinelli MR, de Vries ME, Auden A, Butt T, Deng Z, Partridge DD, Miles LB, Georgy SR, Haigh JJ, Darido C, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP, Dworkin S, Jane SM. Inactivation of Zeb1 in GRHL2-deficient mouse embryos rescues mid-gestation viability and secondary palate closure. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm.042218. [PMID: 32005677 PMCID: PMC7104862 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate are common birth defects resulting from failure of the facial processes to fuse during development. The mammalian grainyhead-like (Grhl1-3) genes play key roles in a number of tissue fusion processes including neurulation, epidermal wound healing and eyelid fusion. One family member, Grhl2, is expressed in the epithelial lining of the first pharyngeal arch in mice at embryonic day (E)10.5, prompting analysis of the role of this factor in palatogenesis. Grhl2-null mice die at E11.5 with neural tube defects and a cleft face phenotype, precluding analysis of palatal fusion at a later stage of development. However, in the first pharyngeal arch of Grhl2-null embryos, dysregulation of transcription factors that drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs. The aberrant expression of these genes is associated with a shift in RNA-splicing patterns that favours the generation of mesenchymal isoforms of numerous regulators. Driving the EMT perturbation is loss of expression of the EMT-suppressing transcription factors Ovol1 and Ovol2, which are direct GRHL2 targets. The expression of the miR-200 family of microRNAs, also GRHL2 targets, is similarly reduced, resulting in a 56-fold upregulation of Zeb1 expression, a major driver of mesenchymal cellular identity. The critical role of GRHL2 in mediating cleft palate in Zeb1−/− mice is evident, with rescue of both palatal and facial fusion seen in Grhl2−/−;Zeb1−/− embryos. These findings highlight the delicate balance between GRHL2/ZEB1 and epithelial/mesenchymal cellular identity that is essential for normal closure of the palate and face. Perturbation of this pathway may underlie cleft palate in some patients. Summary: Epithelial transcription factor GRHL2 is required for face closure while mesenchymal transcription factor ZEB1 is required for palate closure. Surprisingly, animals lacking both factors close their face and secondary palate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael E de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alana Auden
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zihao Deng
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Darren D Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lee B Miles
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Smitha R Georgy
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tulsawani R, Sharma P, Sethy NK, Kumari P, Ganju L, Prakash S, Chouhan S. Acute exposure of 532 nm laser differentially regulates skin tissue transcription factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230175. [PMID: 32191734 PMCID: PMC7082019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High energy laser, particularly 532 nm, is widely used in defense and medical applications and there is need to address its occupational safety. Thermal and non-thermal effects of 532 nm high energy laser on skin are cause of concern. This study indicates impact of 532 nm laser on rat skin and first of its kind of attempt to understand transcriptional activation of genes as an early response following laser exposure. Skin of experimental rats were exposed to 532 nm radiance at 0.1, 0.25 and 0.50 W/cm2 for 10 sec. Thermographic changes of skin exposed to 532 nm laser exhibited increased Tmax temperature in radiance dependent manner. After thermal imaging, skin of experimental rats was collected 1 h post laser exposure for studying differential gene expression. The skin exposed to lower power density (0.1 W/cm2) did not show significant changes in expression of gene pathways studied. At moderate radiance (0.25 W/cm2), predominantly canonical wnt/B-catenin pathway genes notch1, axin2, ccdn1, wnt5a and redox homeostasis genes; txn1, nqo1 and txnrd1 were expressed. At higher radiance (0.5 W/cm2), significant repression of genes related to wound healing process particularly notch/wnt pathway viz. hes5, wnt1, wn3b with higher expression of dab2 was recorded. The data obtained from these studies would help in drawing safety limits for skin exposure to 532 nm laser. Further, genes expressed at moderate and high level of radiance exposure to skin were distinct and differential and provide new avenue to configure pathway to counteract laser induced delay in tissue injury and hair follicular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Purva Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Pooja Kumari
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- Laser Science and Technology Centre, Metcalfe House, Delhi, India
| | - Satish Chouhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kiełbus M, Czapiński J, Kałafut J, Woś J, Stepulak A, Rivero-Müller A. Genetically Engineered Lung Cancer Cells for Analyzing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells 2019; 8:E1644. [PMID: 31847480 PMCID: PMC6953058 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell plasticity, defined as the ability to undergo phenotypical transformation in a reversible manner, is a physiological process that also exerts important roles in disease progression. Two forms of cellular plasticity are epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its inverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). These processes have been correlated to the poor outcome of different types of neoplasias as well as drug resistance development. Since EMT/MET are transitional processes, we generated and validated a reporter cell line. Specifically, a far-red fluorescent protein was knocked-in in-frame with the mesenchymal gene marker VIMENTIN (VIM) in H2170 lung cancer cells. The vimentin reporter cells (VRCs) are a reliable model for studying EMT and MET showing cellular plasticity upon a series of stimulations. These cells are a robust platform to dissect the molecular mechanisms of these processes, and for drug discovery in vitro and in vivo in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Jakub Czapiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Justyna Woś
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The multiverse nature of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
46
|
Sun X, Li Z, Niu Y, Zhao L, Huang Y, Li Q, Zhang S, Chen T, Fu T, Yang T, An X, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Jarid1b promotes epidermal differentiation by mediating the repression of Ship1 and activation of the AKT/Ovol1 pathway. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12638. [PMID: 31152465 PMCID: PMC6797505 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Terminally differentiated stratified squamous epithelial cells play an important role in barrier protection of the skin. The integrity of epidermal cells is maintained by tight regulation of proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of epigenetic regulator H3K4me3 and its demethylase Jarid1b in the control of epithelial cell differentiation. Materials and methods RT‐qPCR, Western blotting and IHC were used to detect mRNA and protein levels. We analysed cell proliferation by CCK8 assay and cell migration by wound healing assay. ChIP was used to measure H3K4me3 enrichment. A chamber graft model was established for epidermal development. Results Our studies showed that H3K4me3 was decreased during epidermal differentiation. The H3K4me3 demethylase Jarid1b positively controlled epidermal cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Jarid1b substantially increased the expression of mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET)‐related genes, among which Ovol1 positively regulated differentiation gene expression. In addition, Ovol1 expression was repressed by PI3K‐AKT pathway inhibitors and overexpression (O/E) of the PI3K‐AKT pathway suppressor Ship1. Knockdown (KD) of Ship1 activated downstream PI3K‐AKT pathway and enhanced Ovol1 expression in HaCaT. Importantly, we found that Jarid1b negatively regulated Ship1 expression, but not that of Pten, by directly binding to its promoter to modulate H3K4me3 enrichment. Conclusion Our results identify an essential role of Jarid1b in the regulation of the Ship1/AKT/Ovol1 pathway to promote epithelial cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfang Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yichuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China.,Shandong College Collaborative Innovation Center of Digital Medicine in Clinical Treatment and Nutrition Health, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Watanabe K, Liu Y, Noguchi S, Murray M, Chang JC, Kishima M, Nishimura H, Hashimoto K, Minoda A, Suzuki H. OVOL2 induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in fibroblasts and enhances cell-state reprogramming towards epithelial lineages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6490. [PMID: 31019211 PMCID: PMC6482152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) is an important step in cell reprogramming from fibroblasts (a cell type frequently used for this purpose) to various epithelial cell types. However, the mechanism underlying MET induction in fibroblasts remains to be understood. The present study aimed to identify the transcription factors (TFs) that efficiently induce MET in dermal fibroblasts. OVOL2 was identified as a potent inducer of key epithelial genes, and OVOL2 cooperatively enhanced MET induced by HNF1A, TP63, and KLF4, which are known reprogramming TFs to epithelial lineages. In TP63/KLF4-induced keratinocyte-like cell-state reprogramming, OVOL2 greatly facilitated the activation of epithelial and keratinocyte-specific genes. This was accompanied by enhanced changes in chromatin accessibility across the genome. Mechanistically, motif enrichment analysis revealed that the target loci of KLF4 and TP63 become accessible upon induction of TFs, whereas the OVOL2 target loci become inaccessible. This indicates that KLF4 and TP63 positively regulate keratinocyte-associated genes whereas OVOL2 suppresses fibroblast-associated genes. The exogenous expression of OVOL2 therefore disrupts fibroblast lineage identity and facilitates fibroblast cell reprogramming into epithelial lineages cooperatively with tissue-specific reprogramming factors. Identification of OVOL2 as an MET inducer and an epithelial reprogramming enhancer in fibroblasts provides new insights into cellular reprogramming improvement for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Ye Liu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shuhei Noguchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Madeleine Murray
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jen-Chien Chang
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mami Kishima
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hajime Nishimura
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ray S, Rosenberg MI, Chanut-Delalande H, Decaras A, Schwertner B, Toubiana W, Auman T, Schnellhammer I, Teuscher M, Valenti P, Khila A, Klingler M, Payre F. The mlpt/Ubr3/Svb module comprises an ancient developmental switch for embryonic patterning. eLife 2019; 8:e39748. [PMID: 30896406 PMCID: PMC6428570 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small open reading frames (smORFs) encoding 'micropeptides' exhibit remarkable evolutionary complexity. Conserved peptides encoded by mille-pattes (mlpt)/polished rice (pri)/tarsal less (tal) are essential for embryo segmentation in Tribolium but, in Drosophila, function in terminal epidermal differentiation and patterning of adult legs. Here, we show that a molecular complex identified in Drosophila epidermal differentiation, comprising Mlpt peptides, ubiquitin-ligase Ubr3 and transcription factor Shavenbaby (Svb), represents an ancient developmental module required for early insect embryo patterning. We find that loss of segmentation function for this module in flies evolved concomitantly with restriction of Svb expression in early Drosophila embryos. Consistent with this observation, artificially restoring early Svb expression in flies causes segmentation defects that depend on mlpt function, demonstrating enduring potency of an ancestral developmental switch despite evolving embryonic patterning modes. These results highlight the evolutionary plasticity of conserved molecular complexes under the constraints of essential genetic networks. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ray
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Miriam I Rosenberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | | | | | - Barbara Schwertner
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | | | - Tzach Auman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Irene Schnellhammer
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Matthias Teuscher
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Philippe Valenti
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | - Martin Klingler
- Department of Biology, Developmental BiologyUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - François Payre
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sha Y, Haensel D, Gutierrez G, Du H, Dai X, Nie Q. Intermediate cell states in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Phys Biol 2019; 16:021001. [PMID: 30560804 PMCID: PMC6602058 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aaf928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The transition of epithelial cells into a mesenchymal state (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT) is a highly dynamic process implicated in various biological processes. During EMT, cells do not necessarily exist in 'pure' epithelial or mesenchymal states. There are cells with mixed (or hybrid) features of the two, which are termed as the intermediate cell states (ICSs). While the exact functions of ICS remain elusive, together with EMT it appears to play important roles in embryogenesis, tissue development, and pathological processes such as cancer metastasis. Recent single cell experiments and advanced mathematical modeling have improved our capability in identifying ICS and provided a better understanding of ICS in development and disease. Here, we review the recent findings related to the ICS in/or EMT and highlight the challenges in the identification and functional characterization of ICS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Sha
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America,Co-first authors
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America,Co-first authors
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Huijing Du
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America,Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. and
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America,Department of Development and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America,Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed. and
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
OVOL1 Influences the Determination and Expansion of iPSC Reprogramming Intermediates. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:319-332. [PMID: 30639212 PMCID: PMC6372973 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), fibroblasts undergo dynamic molecular changes, including a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) and gain of pluripotency; processes that are influenced by Yamanaka factor stoichiometry. For example, in early reprogramming, high KLF4 levels are correlated with the induction of functionally undefined, transiently expressed MET genes. Here, we identified the cell-surface protein TROP2 as a marker for cells with transient MET induction in the high-KLF4 condition. We observed the emergence of cells expressing the pluripotency marker SSEA-1+ mainly from within the TROP2+ fraction. Using TROP2 as a marker in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated candidate screening of MET genes, we identified the transcription factor OVOL1 as a potential regulator of an alternative epithelial cell fate characterized by the expression of non-iPSC MET genes and low cell proliferation. Our study sheds light on how reprogramming factor stoichiometry alters the spectrum of intermediate cell fates, ultimately influencing reprogramming outcomes. High KLF4 activates transient MET genes early in reprogramming The cell-surface protein TROP2 marks a transient epithelial population TROP2 is followed by SSEA-1 presentation in cells efficient at reprogramming Suppression of partially reprogrammed cells improves the purity of reprogramming
Collapse
|