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Louca P, Štambuk T, Frkatović-Hodžić A, Nogal A, Mangino M, Berry SE, Deriš H, Hadjigeorgiou G, Wolf J, Vinicki M, Franks PW, Valdes AM, Spector TD, Lauc G, Menni C. Plasma protein N-glycome composition associates with postprandial lipaemic response. BMC Med 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37400796 PMCID: PMC10318725 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysregulated postprandial metabolic response is a risk factor for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The plasma protein N-glycome is implicated in both lipid metabolism and T2DM risk. Hence, we first investigate the relationship between the N-glycome and postprandial metabolism and then explore the mediatory role of the plasma N-glycome in the relationship between postprandial lipaemia and T2DM. METHODS We included 995 individuals from the ZOE-PREDICT 1 study with plasma N-glycans measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography at fasting and triglyceride, insulin, and glucose levels measured at fasting and following a mixed-meal challenge. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the associations between plasma protein N-glycosylation and metabolic response (fasting, postprandial (Cmax), or change from fasting). A mediation analysis was used to further explore the relationship of the N-glycome in the prediabetes (HbA1c = 39-47 mmol/mol (5.7-6.5%))-postprandial lipaemia association. RESULTS We identified 36 out of 55 glycans significantly associated with postprandial triglycerides (Cmax β ranging from -0.28 for low-branched glycans to 0.30 for GP26) after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing (padjusted < 0.05). N-glycome composition explained 12.6% of the variance in postprandial triglycerides not already explained by traditional risk factors. Twenty-seven glycans were also associated with postprandial glucose and 12 with postprandial insulin. Additionally, 3 of the postprandial triglyceride-associated glycans (GP9, GP11, and GP32) also correlate with prediabetes and partially mediate the relationship between prediabetes and postprandial triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive overview of the interconnections between plasma protein N-glycosylation and postprandial responses, demonstrating the incremental predictive benefit of N-glycans. We also suggest a considerable proportion of the effect of prediabetes on postprandial triglycerides is mediated by some plasma N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Louca
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | | | - Ana Nogal
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Helena Deriš
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Total cholesterol and postprandial triglyceride levels as early markers of GDM in Asian Indian women. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Madhu SV, Mishra BK, Mannar V, Aslam M, Banerjee B, Agrawal V. TCF7L2 gene associated postprandial triglyceride dysmetabolism- a novel mechanism for diabetes risk among Asian Indians. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:973718. [PMID: 36263318 PMCID: PMC9573951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.973718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM TCF7L2 gene is believed to increase the risk of T2DM by its effects on insulin secretion. However, the exact mechanism of this enhanced risk is not clearly known. While TCF7L2 gene has been shown to affect lipid metabolism, these effects have remained largely unexplored in the context of diabetes risk. METHODS Postprandial lipid responses to a standardized fat challenge test were performed in 620 Asian Indian subjects (310 with NGT and 310 with T2DM/prediabetes) and compared between the risk and wild genotypes of the rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene. In 30 subjects scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery (10 each with NGT, Prediabetes and T2DM), adipocyte TCF7L2 gene expression was also performed by real time qPCR and confirmed by protein expression in western blot. RESULTS T allele of rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene was confirmed as the risk allele for T2DM (OR=1.8(1.2-2.74), p=0.005). TT+CT genotypes of rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene showed significantly higher 4hrTg (p<0.01), TgAUC (p<0.01), peakTg (p<0.01) as well as higher postprandial plasma glucose (p=.006) levels and HOMA-IR (p=0.03) and significantly lower adiponectin levels (p=0.02) as compared to CC genotype. The expression of TCF7L2 gene in VAT was 11-fold higher in prediabetes group as compared to NGT (P<0.01) and 5.7-fold higher in T2DM group as compared to NGT group(P=0.003) and was significantly associated with PPTg and glucose levels. CONCLUSION There is significant PPTg dysmetabolism associated with the risk allele of rs7903146 polymorphism as well as adipocyte expression of TCF7L2 gene. Significant upregulation of TCF7L2 gene expression in VAT that correlates with PPTg and glycaemia is also seen in Asian Indians with glucose intolerance. Modulation of PPTg metabolism by TCF7L2 gene and the resultant PPHTg may be a novel mechanism that contributes to its diabetes risk in them.
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Kumar V, Jain N, Raizada N, Aslam M, Mehrotra G, Gambhir JK, Singh G, Madhu SV. Postprandial endothelial dysfunction and CIMT after oral fat challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without macrovascular disease - A preliminary study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102317. [PMID: 34695772 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few studies have reported on association of postprandial lipids and endothelial dysfunction among patients with diabetes. Whether endothelial dysfunction particularly postprandial FMD is worse in patients with T2DM with macrovascular disease compared to those without and whether this difference is related to postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPHTg) is unclear. Therefore, present study was aimed to assess the relationship between PPHTg and endothelial function in patients with T2DM with and without macrovascular disease. METHOD Endothelial dysfunction by FMD and CIMT were compared in patients with T2DM with and without macrovascular disease (n = 13 each group) and 13 age, sex and BMI matched healthy individuals after an oral fat challenge. RESULTS There was significant postprandial deterioration of FMD 4-hr after fat challenge in patients with diabetes (P < 0.001) as well as healthy individuals (P = 0.004). Patients with diabetes with macrovascular disease had significantly lower fasting (5.7 ± 6.1% vs. 22.7 ± 10.0% and vs. 24.7 ± 5.3%) as well as postprandial (4-hr) (3.1 ± 5.0% vs. 15.3 ± 8.1% and vs. 15.4 ± 5.7%) FMD compared to other two groups. Fasting, postprandial as well as change in FMD and CIMT in patients with diabetes correlated significantly with fasting as well as postprandial triglycerides with stronger correlation in those with macrovascular disease. CONCLUSION Study found significant endothelial dysfunction by FMD that shows substantial further deterioration postprandially following high fat meal in patients with diabetes with macrovascular disease compared to patients with diabetes without macrovascular disease and healthy individuals. Study also indicates that PPHTg is a contributor to endothelial dysfunction. However, more studies are required to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - N Jain
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - N Raizada
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - G Mehrotra
- Department of Radiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - J K Gambhir
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - G Singh
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India.
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Chahal J, Gupta S, Chawla SPS, Grewal H. Comparative study on fasting and postprandial lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1288-1293. [PMID: 34041167 PMCID: PMC8140257 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1632_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Postprandial dyslipidemia plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and possible macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aims: To assess and compare the fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in type 2 DM patients. Settings and Design: This case-control study was conducted in the Medicine department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods and Materials: The study included 100 subjects; 50 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Fasting and postprandial lipid levels were estimated in all the subjects and compared. Statistical Analysis Used: The Student's t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used for comparison between two and more than two groups, respectively, for normally distributed data. Results: Mean total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were significantly higher and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly lower in the diabetics in comparison to the controls in both fasting (200.82, 172.59, 126.20, 37.63, and 40.74 mg/dL in diabetics versus 179.90, 98.03, 109.54, 19.60, and 50.46 mg/dL in controls) and postprandial states (223.75, 232.99, 139.19, 46.52, and 40.54 mg/dL in diabetics versus 185.36, 102.20, 110.36, 20.24, and 48.96 mg/dL in controls). The mean postprandial TC and TG levels (223.75, 232.99 mg/dL) in diabetics were significantly higher when compared to their fasting values (200.82, 172.59 mg/dL) in these patients. Conclusions: Type 2 DM patients show significant postprandial lipid abnormalities particularly postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Raised postprandial lipid parameters highlight that estimating lipids in the postprandial state is equally important as is estimation of lipids in the fasting state in type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeen Chahal
- Department of Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar lnstitute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Pal Singh Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Grewal
- Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Gupta S, Mishra BK, Banerjee BD, Jhamb R, Aslam M, Madhu SV. Effect of postprandial triglycerides on DDT/ppDDE levels in subjects with varying degree of glucose intolerance. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105635. [PMID: 33160045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides such as DDT as well as postprandial hypertriglyceridemia have been linked with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The cardiometabolic risk of PPhTg could also be due to its potential to increase the serum levels of this highly lipophilic pesticide. We studied the effect of postprandial triglyceride responses to a standard oral fat challenge on the levels of DDT and its metabolites in subjects with varying degree of glucose intolerance METHODS: A standard fat challenge was performed in 60 subjects who were categorized as NGT, prediabetes, and NDDM based on an earlier OGTT. Fasting and postprandial levels of serum triglycerides, plasma DDT and its metabolites were estimated and compared in the 3 groups and their association with each other, and measures of glycemia and insulin resistance were also determined. RESULTS Peak Tg and TgAUC levels were significantly higher in NDDM group as compared to NGT and PD groups. TgAUC showed positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (r=0.33, p=0.01), postprandial plasma glucose (r=0.39, p=0.002) and HOMA IR(r=0.63, p=0.001). ppDDE levels were found to be significantly higher in NDDM subjects compared with NGT group. ppDDE-AUC was significantly higher in the NDDM group compared with the other two study groups. Mean ppDDE levels also showed strong positive correlation with peak Tg (r=0.295 p=0.022), TgAUC (r=0.303 p=0.018), iPPTgAUC(r=0.57 p≤0.001) and iPPpeakTg(r=0.51 p≤0.001) as well as with FPG (r=0.269 p=0.038) PPPG (r=0.424 p=0.001) and HbA1c (r=0.321 p=0.012). CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the concept that the cardiometabolic risk associated with PPhTg may at least in part be related to the associated increase in serum levels of lipophilic OCPs like DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi.
| | - B K Mishra
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi.
| | - B D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi..
| | - R Jhamb
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi.
| | - S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi.
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Aslam M, Mishra BK, Goyal S, Siddiqui AA, Madhu SV. Family history of diabetes determines the association of HOMA-IR with fasting and postprandial triglycerides in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 15:227-234. [PMID: 33334713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with family history of diabetes carry nearly double the risk of diabetes than those without. However, the mechanism for this increased risk of diabetes in them is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To study fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) who had family history of diabetes and to ascertain their association with insulin resistance. METHODS Fasting triglyceride levels and HOMA-IR were compared in 671 NGT individuals with and without a family history of diabetes. A standardized fat challenge test was also done in one tenth of individuals of each group and postprandial triglyceride responses were compared between them. Association of HOMA-IR with fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels was ascertained through pearson's coefficient of correlation. RESULTS Individuals with family history of diabetes had significantly higher HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) and significantly higher postprandial triglyceride AUC (P = 0.04) after standardized fat meal despite having similar fasting triglyceride levels (P = 0.51) as those without family history of diabetes. Fasting as well as postprandial triglyceride levels significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.35, P < 0.001 and r = 0.39, P = 0.04) only in those with a positive family history of diabetes but not in those without. Triglyceride levels mediated the associations of BMI (Δ β = -0.053) and waist circumference (Δ β = -0.075) with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Triglyceride levels, both in the fasting and the postprandial state are associated with insulin resistance in NGT individuals with a family history of diabetes but not in those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Azaz Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
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Mishra BK, Banerjee BD, Agrawal V, Madhu SV. Association of PPARγ gene expression with postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2020; 68:549-556. [PMID: 32180115 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as postprandial lipemia, and plays an important role in Wnt dependent adipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). We aimed to study the expression of PPARγ gene in SAT and VAT to find out its correlation with postprandial hypertriglyceredemia and glucose intolerance. METHODS Thirty subjects who were scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery were recruited in three groups (n = 10 in NGT, n = 10 in prediabetes, and n = 10 in T2DM). A standardized oral fat challenge was performed. Anthropometry, plasma glucose, HbA1c, and fasting serum insulin were also measured. SAT and VATs were collected during surgery for PPARγ gene expression studies by real-time PCR. RESULTS PPARγ gene expression was 5.5-fold lower in T2DM and 1.7-fold lower in prediabetes as compared with NGT subjects in VAT. There was a significant negative correlation of expression of PPARγ gene in VAT {Tgauc (r = -0.57, p < 0.007), Peak Tg (r = -0.51, p < 0.01)} as well as in subcutaneous adipose tissue {Tgauc (r = -0.45, p < 0.02)} with PPTg responses measures. CONCLUSION Reduced adipocyte expression of PPARγ gene and the resultant postprandial hypertriglyceredemia is associated with greater risk of diabetes and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Mishra
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - B D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - V Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Chakraborty M, Singh P, Dsouza JMP, Pethusamy K, Thatkar PV. Fasting and postprandial lipid parameters: A comparative evaluation of cardiovascular risk assessment in prediabetes and diabetes. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:287-292. [PMID: 32110606 PMCID: PMC7014867 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_769_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Dyslipidemia plays a crucial role in atherogenesis, in both prediabetes and diabetes. There persists a lacuna in the evaluation of postprandial lipid parameters in prediabetes. Aims: To comparatively evaluate fasting and postprandial blood lipid parameters and atherogenic lipid ratios for cardiovascular risk assessment, in prediabetes and diabetes. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and thirty-two with prediabetes were selected for the study. Lipid profile and blood glucose were analyzed in fasting and postprandial blood samples. Statistical Analysis Used: Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's regression analysis were applied. Results: Postprandially, triglycerides (TG) was increased significantly in diabetes compared to controls (P < 0.01) and prediabetics (P < 0.05). Among the lipid ratios, triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDLc) was significantly increased postprandially in diabetes compared to controls (P < 0.05). A comparative analysis of fasting and postprandial parameters within each group showed a significant increase in postprandial TG/HDLc compared to the fasting state in prediabetes (P < 0.001) and diabetes (P < 0.001). Postprandial TG (P < 0.01) and TG/HDLc (P < 0.01) showed a stronger correlation with HbA1c compared to fasting TG (P < 0.05) and TG/HDLc (P > 0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance was higher in postprandial state than the fasting state in prediabetes and diabetes. Conclusions: Postprandial TG and the TG/HDLc reflect lipid abnormalities than the corresponding fasting variables in diabetes and prediabetes. Postprandial TG and TG/HDLc are better reflectors of cardiovascular status in prediabetes and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montosh Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, India
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, India
| | - Jyothi M P Dsouza
- Department of Biochemistry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Pandurang V Thatkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, India
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Xiao D, Zhu L, Edirisinghe I, Fareed J, Brailovsky Y, Burton-Freeman B. Attenuation of Postmeal Metabolic Indices with Red Raspberries in Individuals at Risk for Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:542-550. [PMID: 30767409 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of red raspberry intake on meal-induced postprandial metabolic responses in individuals who have overweight or obesity with prediabetes and insulin resistance (PreDM-IR), and in metabolically healthy individuals (Reference). METHODS Thirty-two adults (PreDM-IR, n = 21; Reference, n = 11) were randomized to a controlled, three-arm, single-blinded, crossover trial. Participants were provided 0 g of frozen red raspberries (Control), 125 g of frozen red raspberries (RR-125) (~1 cup), or 250 g of frozen red raspberries (RR-250) (~2 cups), with a challenge breakfast meal (high carbohydrate/moderate fat) on three separate days. Multiple blood samples were collected up to 8 hours post breakfast with a final blood sample at 24 hours. A snack was provided at 6 hours. RESULTS Breakfast containing RR-125 and RR-250 significantly reduced 2-hour insulin area under the curve, and RR-250 reduced peak insulin, peak glucose, and 2-hour glucose AUC compared with Control in the PreDM-IR group (P < 0.05). Postprandial triglycerides were significantly lower after RR-125 versus RR-250 (P = 0.01) but not different from Control (P > 0.05). No significant meal-related differences were observed for oxidative stress or inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that red raspberries aid in postmeal glycemic control in individuals with PreDM-IR, reducing glycemic burden with less insulin, which may be related to improved tissue insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lanjun Zhu
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Brailovsky
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institution for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Hashidume T, Sasaki K, Hirata J, Kato M, Yoshikawa Y, Iwasaki Y, Arai H, Miura S, Miyoshi N. Effects of Sanyaku and Its Constituent Diosgenin on the Fasted and Postprandial Hypertriacylglycerolemia in High-Fat-Diet-Fed KK- A y Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9968-9975. [PMID: 30179466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the fasted and postprandial triacylglycerol (TG) levels in KK- A y mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD containing either 500 ppm (0.05%) of diosgenin or 500 ppm (0.05%) of diosgenin-containing Chinese yam sanyaku. Oral fat tolerance tests revealed that, not only in the fasting state but also after loading of lipid emulsion, plasma levels of TG were significantly reduced in sanyaku- and diosgenin- fed mice. Levels of fat oxidation, especially in the dark phase (from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m.), were increased in the sanyaku and diosgenin groups. Moreover mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator 1α were moderately upregulated in the liver of sanyaku- and diosgenin-ingested mice. These results suggest that consecutive ingestion of diosgenin or diosgenin-containing sanyaku at the dose achievable in a human diet potentially ameliorates fasted and postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia, which could be associated with the improvement of TG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science , Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo 180-0023 , Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Kyoto Prefectural University , 1-5 Hangi-cho , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522 , Japan
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Wang F, Lu H, Liu F, Cai H, Song Z, Guo F, Xie Y, Shu G, Sun G. Effects of a liquid high-fat meal on postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:54. [PMID: 28814963 PMCID: PMC5557572 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postprandial lipemia and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the postprandial lipid metabolism after the ingestion of a liquid high-fat meal in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity, and determine if the PvuII polymorphisms of LPL influence their postprandial lipid responses. Methods Serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in fasting and postprandial state at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after a liquid high-fat meal in 51 type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity, 31 type 2 diabetic patients without abdominal obesity and 39 controls. Their PvuII polymorphisms of LPL were tested in fasting. Results Type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity had significantly higher postprandial areas under the curve (AUC) of glucose [least square mean difference (LSMD) = 30.763, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.071–38.455, F = 37.346, P < 0.05] and TC (LSMD = 3.995, 95% CI = 1.043–6.947, F = 3.681, P < 0.05) than controls. Postprandial AUCs for insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and TG were higher (LSMD = 86.987, 95% CI = 37.421–136.553, F = 16.739, P < 0.05; LSMD = 37.456, 95% CI = 16.312–58.600, F = 27.012, P < 0.05; LSMD = 4.684, 95% CI = 2.662–6.705, F = 26.158, P < 0.05), whereas HDL-C AUC was lower (LSMD = −1.652, 95% CI = −2.685 – -0.620, F = 8.190, P < 0.05) in type 2 diabetic subjects with abdominal obesity than those without abdominal obesity. In type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity, postprandial TG AUC was lower in P−/− than in P+/− (LSMD = −4.393, 95% CI = −9.278 – -0.491, F = 4.476, P < 0.05) and P+/+ (LSMD = −7.180, 95% CI = −12.319 – -2.014, F = 4.476, P < 0.05) phenotypes. Postprandial AUCs for glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC and HDL-C were not different according to PvuII phenotypes. Conclusions Abdominal obesity exacerbates the postprandial lipid responses in type 2 diabetic patients, which partly explains the excess atherogenic risk in these patients. In addition, the presence of P+ allele could contribute to a greater postprandial TG increase in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity. Trial registration ChiCTR-IOR-16008435. Registered 8 May 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fukang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhixiu Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulan Xie
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Shu
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Madhu S, Sinha B, Aslam M, Mehrotra G, Dwivedi S. Postprandial triglyceride responses and endothelial function in prediabetic first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1415-1420. [PMID: 28867451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have reported on postprandial lipid responses and endothelial function in prediabetic subjects. None of the study has compared role of familial predisposition in determining postprandial endothelial dysfunction and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in subjects with prediabetes. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the postprandial triglyceride (PPTG) responses and endothelial function in prediabetic first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes. METHODS Thirty-nine subjects were recruited on the basis of oral glucose tolerance test into 3 groups: group 1, prediabetic subjects who had a first-degree relative with diabetes; group 2, prediabetic subjects without family history of diabetes; and group 3, normal glucose tolerance subjects without family history of diabetes. Oral fat challenge test was performed in all study subjects and PPTG responses were measured up to 8 hours. Postprandial endothelial function after 4 hours of fat challenge was estimated by flow-mediated dilation. RESULTS Postprandial endothelial dysfunction was greatest in group 1 and significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (P < .001) and group 2 compared with group 3 (P < .001). PPTG responses (TG-AUC, TG-peak, TG-6 hour, and TG-8 hour) were significantly higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3. However, they were similar between groups 2 and 3. Endothelial function showed significant negative correlation with TG-6 hour and TG-8 hour. CONCLUSION Prediabetic subjects respond to fat challenge with a greater degree of TG response and endothelial dysfunction compared with normal glucose tolerance subjects especially if they have a first-degree relative with diabetes. This may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular risk reported in prediabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivenkata Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
| | - Bineet Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India; Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Gopesh Mehrotra
- Department of Radiology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shridhar Dwivedi
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India; Department of Cardiology, National Heart Institute, New Delhi, India
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Seghieri M, Tricò D, Natali A. The impact of triglycerides on glucose tolerance: Lipotoxicity revisited. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:314-322. [PMID: 28693962 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma triglycerides (TGs) are early key features of conditions associated with a dysregulation in glucose metabolism and may predict the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) over time. Although the acute ingestion of lipid, either mixed with or shortly before the meal, is neutral or slightly beneficial on glucose tolerance, a short-term increase in plasma TGs induced by either an i.v. lipid infusion or a high-fat diet produces a deterioration of glucose control. Accordingly, chronic lowering of plasma TGs by fibrates improves glucose homeostasis and may also prevent T2D. The chronic effects of the elevation of dietary lipid intake are less clear, particularly in humans, being the quality of fat probably more important than total fat intake. Although on the bases of the available experimental and clinical evidence it cannot be easily disentangled, with respect to elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) the relative contribution of elevated TGs to glucose homeostasis disregulation seems to be greater and also more plausible. In conclusion, although the association between elevated plasma TGs and impaired glucose tolerance is commonly considered not causative or merely a consequence of NEFA-mediated lipotoxicity, the available data suggest that TGs per se may directly contribute to disorders of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seghieri
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, laboratory of metabolism, nutrition and atherosclerosis, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Tricò
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, laboratory of metabolism, nutrition and atherosclerosis, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Natali
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, laboratory of metabolism, nutrition and atherosclerosis, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Altenburg TM, Rotteveel J, Serné EH, Chinapaw MJM. Effects of Multiple Sedentary Days on Metabolic Risk Factors in Free-Living Conditions: Lessons Learned and Future Recommendations. Front Physiol 2016; 7:616. [PMID: 28018243 PMCID: PMC5145882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent experimental studies in adults have demonstrated that interruptions to prolonged sitting have beneficial effects on metabolic risk factors in adults, compared to prolonged sitting. We explored the hypothesis that multiple consecutive days of predominantly prolonged sedentary time may have an unfavorable effect on the postprandial response of C-peptide, glucose, and triglycerides in free-living healthy young men. Methods: In this explorative pilot study, healthy young men (n = 7; 18–23 years) consumed standardized mixed meals at 1 and 5 h during two experimental laboratory-sitting days, with 6 days of predominantly prolonged sedentary time in between. Serum and plasma samples were obtained hourly from 0 to 8 h for measurement of glucose, C-peptide, and triglycerides. Participant's sedentary time was monitored using an accelerometer during the prolonged sedentary days as well as during 6 normal days prior to the first laboratory day. Differences in postprandial levels were assessed using generalized estimating equations analysis. Due to the explorative nature of this study and the small sample size, p-value was set at <0.10. Results: Overall, when expressed as % of wear time, sedentary time was 5% higher during the 6 prolonged sedentary days, which was not significantly different compared to the 6 normal days (n = 4). Following 6 prolonged sedentary days, postprandial levels of C-peptide were significantly higher than at baseline (B = 0.11; 90%CI = [0.002; 0.22]; n = 7). Postprandial levels of glucose and triglycerides were not significantly different between the 2 laboratory days. Conclusions: Due to the relatively high sedentary time at baseline, participants were unable to increase their sedentary time substantially. Nevertheless, postprandial C-peptide levels were slightly higher after 6 prolonged sedentary days than after 6 normal days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teatske M Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Aslam M, Aggarwal S, Sharma KK, Galav V, Madhu SV. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia Predicts Development of Insulin Resistance Glucose Intolerance and Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145730. [PMID: 26808523 PMCID: PMC4725668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been found to be associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPHTg). However, whether PPHTg can cause IR and diabetes is not clear. We therefore investigated the role of PPHTg in development of T2DM in rat model of T2DM. 96 male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (24 rats each). Control Group A, high sucrose diet (HSD) Group B, HSD+Pioglitazone (10mg/kg/day) Group C and HSD+Atorvastatin (20mg/kg/day) Group D. Fat and glucose tolerance tests were done at regular intervals in all groups besides insulin and body weight measurement. At 26 weeks, low dose streptozotocin (15mg/kg,i.p.) was given to half of the rats. All rats were followed up till 48 weeks. PPHTg developed as early as week 2 in Group B and stabilized by week 14. Group B displayed highest PPHTg compared to other groups. Atorvastatin treatment (Group D) abolished PPHTg which became comparable to controls, pioglitazone treatment partially blunted PPHTg resulting in intermediate PPHTg. Group B with highest PPHTg showed highest subsequent IR, glucose intolerance (GI) and highest incidence of prediabetes at week 26 and diabetes at week 34 and 46 compared to other groups. Group D rats displayed lower IR, GI, low incidence of prediabetes and diabetes at these time points compared to Groups B and C. ROC analysis showed that triglyceride area under the curve of each time point significantly predicts the risk of diabetes. Present study provides the evidence that PPHTg predicts the development of IR, GI and T2DM in rat model of diet induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- Center for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sarla Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Galav
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Center for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Stroeve JHM, van Wietmarschen H, Kremer BHA, van Ommen B, Wopereis S. Phenotypic flexibility as a measure of health: the optimal nutritional stress response test. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:13. [PMID: 25896408 PMCID: PMC4404421 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research is struggling to demonstrate beneficial health effects, since nutritional effects are often subtle and long term. Health has been redefined as the ability of our body to cope with daily-life challenges. Physiology acts as a well-orchestrated machinery to adapt to the continuously changing environment. We term this adaptive capacity “phenotypic flexibility.” The phenotypic flexibility concept implies that health can be measured by the ability to adapt to conditions of temporary stress, such as physical exercise, infections or mental stress, in a healthy manner. This may offer a more sensitive way to assess changes in health status of healthy subjects. Here, we performed a systematic review of 61 studies applying different nutritional stress tests to quantify health and nutritional health effects, with the objective to define an optimal nutritional stress test that has the potential to be adopted as the golden standard in nutrition research. To acknowledge the multi-target role of nutrition, a relevant subset of 50 processes that govern optimal health, with high relevance to diet, was used to define phenotypic flexibility. Subsequently, we assessed the response of biomarkers related to this subset of processes to the different challenge tests. Based on the obtained insights, we propose a nutritional stress test composed of a high-fat, high-caloric drink, containing 60 g palm olein, 75 g glucose and 20 g dairy protein in a total volume of 400 ml. The use of such a standardized nutritional challenge test in intervention studies is expected to demonstrate subtle improvements of phenotypic flexibility, thereby enabling substantiation of nutritional health effects.
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Park KH, Kim KJ, Lee BW, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee HC. The effect of insulin resistance on postprandial triglycerides in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:15-22. [PMID: 22854916 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the influence of metabolic parameters depends on metabolic syndrome (MetS) status. The clinical and metabolic implications of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) in Korean type 2 diabetes were investigated in the presence or absence of MetS, MetS+, or MetS-. To investigate the relationship between ppTG and metabolic parameters, we analyzed plasma TG levels in 126 newly diagnosed, drug-naïve diabetic patients after ingestion of a standardized low calorie and fat (500 kcal, 17.5 g fat) liquid meal formula. We report that MetS+ patients have significantly higher BMI, waist/hip ratio, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β, but insignificantly higher fasting TG, ppTG, and ΔTG than MetS- patients. In the MetS+ patients, ppTG correlated with fasting TG and non-HDL, but was not related to HOMA-IR. In MetS- patients, ppTG correlated with fasting TG, non-HDL, blood pressure, waist/hip ratio, fasting C-peptide and insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. Multivariate analysis showed HOMA-IR to be a predictive factor for ppTG in MetS- patients but not in MetS+ patients. ppTG correlated with IR in MetS- type 2 diabetic patients but not in MetS+. This unexpected result implies that MetS+ diabetic patients already have high fasting TG and that IR influences fasting TG more dominantly than ppTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hye Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Lee BW, Won HK, Moon JH, Kim KJ, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee HC. Postprandial Triglyceride Is Associated with Fasting Triglyceride and HOMA-IR in Korean Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2011; 35:404-10. [PMID: 21977461 PMCID: PMC3178702 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate postprandial triglyceride (TG) had a better association with cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome than fasting TG. The authors of the present study investigated the metabolic and clinical relevance of postprandial TG. METHODS In a cross-sectional retrospective study, the authors of the present study compared fasting and postprandial TG and analyzed the relationship between postprandial TG and various demographic and metabolic parameters in 639 Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D, group I, n=539) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG, group II, n=100) after ingestion of a standardized liquid meal (total 500 kcal, 17.5 g fat, 68.5 g carbohydrate, and 17.5 g protein). RESULTS Fasting and postprandial TG were significantly correlated (r=0.973, r=0.937, P<0.001) in group I and II, respectively. Of the variables, total cholesterol, waist circumference and body mass index were significantly correlated with fasting and postprandial TG in both groups. Only postprandial TG showed a significant correlation with glucose metabolic parameters (e.g., postprandial glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], and fasting C-peptide) in subjects with T2D. Multiple regression analysis showed fasting TG and HOMA-IR could be predictable variables for postprandial TG in subjects with T2D. CONCLUSION Postprandial TG was very strongly correlated with fasting TG. The authors of the present study suggest insulin resistance may be more associated with postprandial TG than fasting TG in Korean T2D patients on a low-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kwan Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Soo Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Acute differential effects of milk-derived dietary proteins on postprandial lipaemia in obese non-diabetic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:32-8. [PMID: 21792215 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Postprandial lipaemia is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. To investigate the acute effect of four milk-derived dietary proteins (alpha-lactalbumin, whey isolate, caseinoglycomacropeptide and whey hydrolysate) on postprandial lipaemia, we have conducted a randomized, acute, single-blinded clinical intervention study with crossover design. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 11 obese non-diabetic subjects (age: 44-74, BMI: 30-41.4 kg m(-2)) were included. On 4 different days the subjects ingested a high-fat meal with the following energy distribution: 66% energy from fat (100 g of butter), 15% of energy from carbohydrate (90 g of white wheat bread) and 19% of energy from protein (45 g of pure protein). Our primary variable was plasma triglyceride measured in the 8-h postprandial period. Secondarily, retinyl palmitate, non-esterified free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP, active and total grehlin and cholecystokinin were measured. RESULTS We observed no statistically significant (P=0.8) differences between meals on our primary variable that is, triglycerides. Whey hydrolysate was associated with a significantly (P=0.02) smaller postprandial suppression of non-esterified free fatty acids compared with the other dietary proteins. CONCLUSION We did not observe significant differences in postprandial lipaemia to the four milk-derived dietary proteins. Whey hydrolysate caused less postprandial suppression of free fatty acids.
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Rubin D, Helwig U, Nothnagel M, Fölsch UR, Schreiber S, Schrezenmeir J. Association of postprandial and fasting triglycerides with traits of the metabolic syndrome in the Metabolic Intervention Cohort Kiel. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 162:719-27. [PMID: 20075144 DOI: 10.1530/eje-09-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postprandial (pp) lipid metabolism is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In young men, pp triglycerides (TGs) are more strongly associated with traits of metabolic syndrome (MS) than fasting TGs. We established a cohort of middle-aged men selected for traits of MS and pp lipid metabolism to determine if fasting TGs or pp TGs are more closely related to MS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1558 men were characterized for MS. A total of 755 men underwent an oral metabolic tolerance test consisting of a standardized high-fat meal and an oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were drawn in the fasting state and hourly until 9 h to determine pp TGs and free fatty acids. Glucose and insulin were analyzed until 5 h pp. RESULTS In the overall cohort, 329 subjects (21.1%) had a complete MS based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and 650 subjects (41.7%) had a complete MS based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The association of pp TGs with MS parameters was not stronger than the association of fasting TGs with them. Pp TGs were independently associated with beta-cell function. CONCLUSIONS Pp TGs did not show a higher correlation with MS traits than fasting TGs. This finding is probably due to the high incidence of overweight subjects in this middle-aged cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
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Oka R, Kobayashi J, Miura K, Nagasawa S, Moriuchi T, Hifumi S, Miyamoto S, Kawashiri MA, Nohara A, Inazu A, Takeda Y, Mabuchi H, Yagi K, Yamagishi M. Difference between fasting and nonfasting triglyceridemia; the influence of waist circumference. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:633-40. [PMID: 19729868 DOI: 10.5551/jat.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify differences between fasting and postprandial TG levels, focusing on the influence of waist circumference. METHODS Subjects included 1,505 men and 798 women aged 3865 years who were not taking medications for diabetes or dyslipidemia. Fasting TG levels were measured after an overnight fast, and postprandial TG levels were measured 2 hours after a standardized rice-based lunch (total 740 kcal, 20 g fat, 30 g protein, and 110 g carbohydrates) in the afternoon on the same day. RESULTS Fasting and postprandial TG levels were highly correlated in both men (r=0.86, p<0.001) and women (r=0.84, p<0.001). Waist circumference was positively correlated with fasting TG (r=0.38 in men and r=0.36 in women) and postprandial TG (r=0.42 in men and r=0.45 in women), respectively. On multiple regression analyses, the association of waist circumference with postprandial TG was still significant (standardized beta=0.10 in men and standardized beta=0.15 in women, p<0.001) after the inclusion of HbA1c, age, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, alcohol consumption, and fasting TG in the regression model. CONCLUSION Postprandial TG has a better relation with waist circumference than fasting TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hokuriku Central Hospital, Japan.
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