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Zhong X, Zhang J. RUNX3-activated apelin signaling inhibits cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulation of the SIRT1/FOXO pathway. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:167. [PMID: 39014438 PMCID: PMC11253400 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is a major secondary cause of end-stage renal disease. Apelin plays an important role in the development of DN. Understanding the exact mechanism of Apelin can help expand the means of treating DN. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice was used and STZ treatment was implemented for DN model establishment. Lentivirus systems including Lv-sh-RUNX3 and Lv-Apelin were obtained to knockdown RUNX3 and overexpress Apelin, respectively. A total of 36 mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 6 in each group): control, DN, DN + LV-Vector, DN + Lv-Apelin, DN + LV-Apelin + LV-sh-NC and DN + Lv-Apelin + Lv-sh-RUNX3 group. In vitro studies were performed using mesangial cells. Cell viability and proliferation was assessed through CCK8 and EDU analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as Masson staining was implemented for histological evaluation. RT-qPCR was conducted for measuring relative mRNA levels, and protein expression was detected by western blotting. The interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO were verified by co-immunoprecipitations, and relations between RUNX3 and Apelin were demonstrated by dual luciferase report and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The DN group exhibited significantly lower Apelin expression compared to control (p < 0.05). Apelin overexpression markedly improved blood glucose, renal function indicators, ameliorated renal fibrosis and reduced fibrotic factor expression (p < 0.05) in the DN group, accompanied by elevated sirt1 levels and diminished acetylated FOXO1/FOXO3a (p < 0.05). However, RUNX3 knockdown combined with Apelin overexpression abrogated these beneficial effects, leading to impaired renal function, exacerbated fibrosis, increased fibrotic factor expression and acetylated FOXO1/FOXO3a versus Apelin overexpression alone (p < 0.05). In mesangial cells under high glucose, Apelin overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and fibrotic factor production (p < 0.05). Conversely, RUNX3 interference enhanced cell proliferation and the secretion of fibrotic factors. (p < 0.05). Remarkably, combining Apelin overexpression with RUNX3 interference reversed the proliferation and fibrosis induced by RUNX3 interference (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed RUNX3 binds to the Apelin promoter, with the 467-489 bp site1 as the primary binding region, and SIRT1 physically interacts with FOXO1 and FOXO3a in mesangial cells. CONCLUSION RUNX3 activated Apelin and regulated the SIRT1/FOXO signaling pathway, resulting in the suppressed cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Apelin is a promising endogenous therapeutic target for anti-renal injury and anti-fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. RUNX3 may serve as an endogenous intervention target for diseases related to Apelin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College), Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Middle Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College), Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Middle Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Alex L, Tuleta I, Hanna A, Frangogiannis NG. Diabetes Induces Cardiac Fibroblast Activation, Promoting a Matrix-Preserving Nonmyofibroblast Phenotype, Without Stimulating Pericyte to Fibroblast Conversion. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027463. [PMID: 36892073 PMCID: PMC10111546 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Interstitial and perivascular fibrosis may contribute to diabetes-associated heart failure. Pericytes can convert to fibroblasts under conditions of stress and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We hypothesized that in diabetic hearts, pericytes may convert to fibroblasts, contributing to fibrosis and to the development of diastolic dysfunction. Methods and Results Using pericyte:fibroblast dual reporter (NG2Dsred [neuron-glial antigen 2 red fluorescent protein variant]; PDGFRαEGFP [platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha enhanced green fluorescent protein]) mice in a type 2 diabetic db/db background, we found that diabetes does not significantly affect pericyte density but reduces the myocardial pericyte:fibroblast ratio. Lineage tracing using the inducible NG2CreER driver, along with reliable labeling of fibroblasts with the PDGFRα reporter system, showed no significant pericyte to fibroblast conversion in lean and db/db hearts. In addition, db/db mouse cardiac fibroblasts did not undergo myofibroblast conversion and had no significant induction of structural collagens but exhibited a matrix-preserving phenotype, associated with increased expression of antiproteases, matricellular genes, matrix cross-linking enzymes, and the fibrogenic transcription factor cMyc. In contrast, db/db mouse cardiac pericytes had increased expression of Timp3, without any changes in expression of other fibrosis-associated genes. The matrix-preserving phenotype of diabetic fibroblasts was associated with induction of genes encoding oxidative (Ptgs2/cycloxygenase-2, and Fmo2) and antioxidant proteins (Hmox1, Sod1). In vitro, high glucose partially recapitulated the in vivo changes in diabetic fibroblasts. Conclusions Diabetic fibrosis is not mediated through pericyte to fibroblast conversion but involves acquisition of a matrix-preserving fibroblast program, which is independent of myofibroblast conversion and is only partially explained by the effects of the hyperglycemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Alex
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY
| | - Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY
| | - Anis Hanna
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY
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Chung YH, Huang GK, Kang CH, Cheng YT, Kao YH, Chien YS. MicroRNA-26a-5p Restoration Ameliorates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Renal Fibrosis In Mice Through Modulating TGF-β Signaling. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100131. [PMID: 36948295 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic and progressive renal diseases characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix accumulation, and loss of renal function, eventually leading to end-stage renal diseases. MicroRNA-26a-5p downregulation has been previously noted in the sera of unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO)-injured mice, and exosome-mediated miR-26a-5p reportedly attenuated experimental pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis. This study evaluated the expression patterns of miR-26a in human tissue microarray with kidney fibrosis and in tissues from a mouse model of UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Histological analyses showed that miR-26a-5p was downregulated in human and mouse tissues with renal interstitial nephritis and fibrosis. Moreover, miR-26a-5p restoration by intravenous injection of a mimic agent prominently suppressed the expression of TGF-β1 and its cognate receptors, the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inflammatory markers in UUO-injured kidney tissues. In vitro miR-26a-5p mimic delivery significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation of cultured rat kidney NRK-49F cells, in terms of downregulation of TGF-β1 receptors, restoration of epithelial marker E-cadherin, and suppression of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin, as well as TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling activity. Our findings identified miR-26a-5p downregulation in kidney tissues from human interstitial nephritis and UUO-induced mouse kidney fibrosis. MiR-26a-5p restoration may exhibit an anti-fibrotic effect through the blockade of both TGF-β and NF-κB signaling axes and is considered a novel therapeutic target for treating obstruction-induced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hua Chung
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Gong-Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Kang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tso Cheng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Chien
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Du L, Chen Y, Shi J, Yu X, Zhou J, Wang X, Xu L, Liu J, Gao J, Gu X, Wang T, Yin Z, Li C, Yan M, Wang J, Yin X, Lu Q. Inhibition of S100A8/A9 ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2022:155376. [PMID: 36521551 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is one of the main features of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the molecular mechanisms mediating RIF in DN has yet been fully understood. S100A8 and S100A9 are the proteins associated with immune and inflammation response. Here we reported the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly increased on tubular epithelial cells in diabetic kidneys through a proteomic analysis. METHODS We detected the expression of S100A8/A9 in diabetic kidneys by using immunoblotting, real-time PCR and immunostaining. RNA silencing and overexpression were performed by using S100A8/A9 expression/knockdown lentivirus to investigate the connection between S100A8/A9 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We also identify the expression of TLR4/NFκB pathway-related molecules in the case mentioned above. Afterwards a CO-IP assay was used to verify that compound AB38b ameliorates the EMT by interfering S100A8/A9 expression. RESULTS The expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly increased on tubular epithelial cells in diabetic kidneys. S100A8/A9 knocking-down alleviate and over-expression promote the renal interstitial fibrosis of diabetic mice. Mechanically, high levels of S100A8/A9 expression in tubular epithelial cells during diabetic condition activated the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway which promoted the EMT process and finally led to RIF progression. S100A8/A9 knockdown ameliorated RIF of diabetic mice. Further experiments revealed that compound AB38b inhibited the EMT progression of tubular epithelial cells induced by S100A8/A9 through interfering the expressions of S100A8/A9. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggest that abnormal expression of S100A8/A9 in the disease condition promotes EMT process and RIF through TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway. Using small molecular inhibitor AB38b to inhibit the abnormal expressions of S100A8/A9 might be a novel therapeutic strategy in treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jiasen Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiujuan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jieling Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoke Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zeyuan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, China.
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Liu C, Yang M, Li L, Luo S, Yang J, Li C, Liu H, Sun L. A Glimpse of Inflammation and Anti-Inflammation Therapy in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909569. [PMID: 35874522 PMCID: PMC9298824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The pathogenesis of DKD is very complex and not completely understood. Recently, accumulated evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and the development of DKD. It has been well known that a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathways are involved in the procession of DKD. Additionally, some anti-hyperglycemic agents and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) that are effective in alleviating the progression of DKD have anti-inflammatory properties, which might have beneficial effects on delaying the progression of DKD. However, there is currently a lack of systematic overviews. In this review, we focus on the novel pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the development of DKD, including the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLRs/MyD88) signaling pathway, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways, inflammasome activation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathway. We also discuss the related anti-inflammation mechanisms of metformin, finerenone, sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases & Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
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Tian X, Wang G, Jin K, Ding Y, Cheng D. Rice hull insoluble dietary fiber alleviated experimental colitis induced by low dose of dextran sulfate sodium in cadmium-exposed mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:7215-7225. [PMID: 35713263 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00891b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an important toxic environmental pollutant, can invade the gastrointestinal tract and induce the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of rice hull insoluble dietary fiber (RHF) on Cd-promoted colitis induced by low dose of dextran sulfate sodium. Administration of RHF attenuated inflammation by limiting Cd accumulation and regulating intestinal immune homeostasis in colitis mice with Cd exposure. RHF could maintain the structure of the gut barrier by increasing mucin secretion and intestinal tight connectivity in mice. Subsequently, RHF repressed the colonic inflammation mediated by the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and inhibited the transcription regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, RHF showed an enhancement of a variety of probiotics, such as Eubacterium and Faecalibaculum. RHF also inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including Erysipelatoclostridium, Helicobacter and Bacteroides. The growth of beneficial bacteria was also accompanied by reversing the decline in short-chain fatty acids, supporting the initial potentiality of RHF as a prebiotic in cases of damage by Cd exposure in colitis mice. Importantly, RHF also remained resistant to Cd toxicity in colitis mice when the gut microbiota was depleted by antibiotics. We suggest that RHF could be used as a novel dietary supplement strategy against Cd-exacerbated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Guangliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Kenan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Yixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Dai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
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Li Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhao H. Function and regulation of GPX4 in the development and progression of fibrotic disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2808-2824. [PMID: 35605092 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature of fibrotic diseases that poses a serious threat to global health due to high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. There exist some chemical compounds and biomolecules associated with the development of fibrosis, including cytokines, hormones, and enzymes. Among them, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as a selenoprotein antioxidant enzyme, is widely found in the embryo, testis, brain, liver, heart, and photoreceptor cells. Moreover, it is shown that GPX4 elicits diverse biological functions by suppressing phospholipid hydroperoxide at the expense of decreased glutathione (GSH), including loss of neurons, autophagy, cell repair, inflammation, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, these processes are intimately related to the occurrence of fibrotic disease. Recently, GPX4 has been reported to exhibit a decline in fibrotic disease and inhibit fibrosis, suggesting that alterations of GPX4 can change the course or dictate the outcome of fibrotic disease. In this review, we summarize the role and underlying mechanisms of GPX4 in fibrosis diseases such as lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunnan, China
| | - Zigui Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Units, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunnan, China
| | - Yulu Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Units, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunnan, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Luo Q, Xia X, Luo Q, Qiu Y, Dong L, Zhao C, Peng F, Yu J, Huang F, He F. Long Noncoding RNA MEG3-205/Let-7a/MyD88 Axis Promotes Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:231-245. [PMID: 35702702 PMCID: PMC9149409 DOI: 10.1159/000523847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3)-205 in renal inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). MATERIALS AND METHODS lncRNA microarray profiling was used to examine differentially expressed lncRNAs of kidney tissues in db/db mice compared to db/m mice. Mouse mesangial cells (mMCs) were cultured in vitro with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) via transfection with lncRNA MEG3-205 siRNAs or plasmids. The role of lncRNA MEG3-205 in vivo was examined in db/db mice treated with long-acting lncRNA MEG3-205 siRNA. The interaction between lncRNA MEG3-205 and let-7a was investigated using luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS lncRNA MEG3-205 was markedly upregulated in renal tissues of db/db mice, DN patients, and AGEs-treated mesangial cells. Overexpression of lncRNA MEG3-205 promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins in mesangial cells. Both lncRNA MEG3-205 and myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88) could bind to let-7a, and lncRNA MEG3-205 overexpression can significantly rescue the silencing effect of let-7a on MyD88 protein expression in mMCs. Mechanistically, we identified that lncRNA MEG3-205 could act as a competing endogenous RNA by binding with let-7a and thus regulate MyD88. Knockdown of lncRNA MEG3-205 alleviated albuminuria and attenuated renal inflammation and fibrosis in db/db mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicated an important role of the lncRNA MEG3-205/let-7a/MyD88 axis in regulating renal inflammation and fibrosis in DN. Targeting lncRNA MEG3-205 might present a promising therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu Y, Wu F, Yang Q, Feng H, Xu D. Resveratrol Inhibits High Glucose-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Damage via RAGE-Dependent Inhibition of the NF- κB and TGF- β1/Smad3 Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:7781910. [PMID: 35251212 PMCID: PMC8896917 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7781910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is associated with the development of cardiac vascular disease. Resveratrol (RES) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound that possesses many biological properties, including anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidation functions. Our study aimed to explore the RES's protective roles on high glucose (HG)-induced H9c2 cells and the underlying mechanisms. Small-molecule inhibitors, western blotting (WB), as well as reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were employed to investigate the mechanisms underlying HG-induced damage in H9c2 cells. RES (40 μg/mL) treatment significantly alleviated HG-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. RES abated the HG-induced increase in the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and inflammatory cytokines, reducing ECM accumulation and inflammatory responses. Additionally, RES administration prevented HG-induced mitochondrion-mediated cardiac apoptosis of myocardial cells. In terms of mechanisms, we demonstrated that RES ameliorated the HG-induced overexpression of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and downregulation of NF-κB signalling. Moreover, RES inhibited HG-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3-mediated ECM synthesis in cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Further studies revealed that the effects of RES against HG-induced upregulation of NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways were similar to those of FPS-ZM1, a RAGE inhibitor. Collectively, the results implied that RES might help alleviate HG-induced cardiotoxicity via RAGE-dependent downregulation of the NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways. This study provided evidence that RES can be developed as a promising cardioprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fuling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haixing Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Guo F, Abulati A, Wang JW, Jiang J, Zhang WX, Chen PD, Yao L, Mao XM. Flavonoids of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammation of glomerular mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy via RhoA/ROCK signaling. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Zhang QY, Xu SJ, Qian JC, Yang LB, Chen PQ, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhang YL, Luo W, Liang G. Pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 suppresses inflammation in tubular epithelial cells and prevents diabetic nephropathy in experimental mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:354-366. [PMID: 34552217 PMCID: PMC8792016 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that chronic inflammation mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Myeloid differentiation primary-response protein-88 (MyD88) is an essential adapter protein of all TLRs except TLR3 in innate immunity. It is unclear whether MyD88 could be a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. Here, we used a new small-molecule MyD88 inhibitor, LM8, to examine the pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 in protecting kidneys from inflammatory injury in diabetes. We showed that MyD88 was significantly activated in the kidney of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice in tubular epithelial cells as well as in high glucose-treated rat tubular epithelial cells NRK-52E. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, we show that LM8 (2.5-10 μM) or MyD88 siRNA attenuated high-concentration glucose-induced inflammatory and fibrogenic responses through inhibition of MyD88-TLR4 interaction and downstream NF-κB activation. Treatment with LM8 (5, 10 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly reduced renal inflammation and fibrosis and preserved renal function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These renoprotective effects were associated with reduced MyD88-TLR4 complex formation, suppressed NF-κB signaling, and prevention of inflammatory factor expression. Collectively, our results show that hyperglycemia activates MyD88 signaling cascade to induce renal inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 may be a therapeutic approach to mitigate diabetic nephropathy and the inhibitor LM8 could be a potential candidate for such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-yan Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Su-jing Xu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 China
| | - Jian-chang Qian
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Li-bin Yang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Peng-qin Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Xiang Hu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Ya-li Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Wu Luo
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Guang Liang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China ,grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001 China
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12
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Jia Y, Chen X, Sun J. Apremilast ameliorates IL-1α-induced dysfunction in epidermal stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19293-19305. [PMID: 34375302 PMCID: PMC8386542 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Skin tissue is the natural barrier that protects our body, the damage of which can be repaired by the epidermal stem cells (ESCs). However, external factors abolish the self-repair ability of ESCs by inducing oxidative stress and severe inflammation. Apremilast is a small molecular inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 that was approved for the treatment of psoriasis. In the present study, the protective property of Apremilast against IL-1α-induced dysfunction on epidermal stem cells, as well as the preliminary mechanism, will be investigated. METHODS ESCs were isolated from neonatal mice. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-12, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were detected using real-time PCR and ELISA. MitoSOX Red assay was used to determine the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot and real-time PCR were utilized to determine the expression levels of IL-1R1, Myd88, and TRAF6. Activation of NF-κB was assessed by measuring the p-NF-κB p65 and luciferase activity. Capacities of ESCs were evaluated by measuring the gene expressions of integrin β1 and Krt19 using real-time PCR. RESULTS Firstly, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-12, MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-1R1, as well as the ROS level, were significantly elevated by IL-1α but greatly suppressed by treatment with Apremilast. Subsequently, we found that the activated Myd88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway induced by stimulation with IL-1α was significantly inhibited by the introduction of Apremilast. As a result, Apremilast protected ESCs against IL-1α-induced impairment in capacities of ESCs, this was verified by the elevated expression levels of integrin β1 and Krt19. CONCLUSIONS Apremilast might ameliorate IL-1α-induced dysfunction in ESCs by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibiting the activation of the Myd88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Xiangru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
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lncRNA PAPPA-AS1 Induces the Development of Hypertrophic Scar by Upregulating TLR4 through Interacting with TAF15. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:3170261. [PMID: 34285657 PMCID: PMC8275406 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3170261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a complicated pathological process induced mainly by burns and wounds, with abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. PAPPA-AS1, a differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the HTS tissues, attracted our interests in its potential role and mechanism in the development and process of HTS. In the present study, the regulatory effect of lncRNA PAPPA-AS1 on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway, as well as the molecular mechanism, was investigated. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs in HTS tissues. PAPPA-AS1 was significantly upregulated in both HTS tissues and hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HTsFb) cells. The expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA were greatly elevated in HTsFb cells. By knocking down PAPPA-AS1, the proliferation of HTsFb cells, TLR4, and TGF-β1 signal pathway and the expression of fibrosis markers both in HTsFb cells and HTS tissues were suppressed. It was accompanied by the alleviated pathological state in the HTS tissues, which were significantly reversed by cotransfecting with the pcDNA3.1-TLR4 vector. Positive correlation and interaction were observed between PAPPA-AS1 and TAF15 and between TAF15 and the promoter of TLR4, respectively. In conclusion, lncRNA PAPPA-AS1 might induce the development of HTS by upregulating TLR4 through interacting with TAF15.
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Luo W, Chen X, Ye L, Chen X, Jia W, Zhao Y, Samorodov AV, Zhang Y, Hu X, Zhuang F, Qian J, Zheng C, Liang G, Wang Y. Kaempferol attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy by downregulating TRAF6 expression: The role of TRAF6 in diabetic nephropathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113553. [PMID: 33152432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kaempferia rhizome is a famous traditional herbal medical in tropical and subtropical areas. Kaempferol (KPF) is one of the main bioactive compounds in Kaempferia rhizome, with anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated in various disease models, including cancers, obesity and diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). TRAF6 functions as a signal transducer in toll-like receptor 4 and NF-κB pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. We aimed at investigate whether KPF is able to mitigate inflammatory responses by regulating TRAF6 in DN. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce type 1 DN. NRK-52E, a tubular epithelial cell line, was used for in vitro analysis. TRAF6 was knockdown using siRNA in vitro and AAV2/2-shRNA in vivo. The anti-DN and inflammatory effects of KPF or knockdown of TRAF6 were evaluated by investigating renal filtration index, pathological changes of kidney tissue. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were detected using ELISA. NF-κB pathway and protein levels of related pathways were detected through Western blot. RESULTS KPF significantly reduced renal inflammation, fibrosis, and kidney dysfunction in diabetic mice. These effects were associated with a downregulation of TRAF6 in diabetic mouse kidneys, indicating the potential role of TRAF6. Knockdown of TRAF6 in mice through AAV2-shTRAF6 confirmed the importance of TRAF6 in DN. In vitro, treatment of KPF in NRK-52E cells attenuated high glucose (HG)-induced inflammatory and fibrogenic responses, associated with downregulated TRAF6 expression. The conclusion was further confirmed in NRK-52E cells by knocking down the expression and by overexpression of TRAF6. CONCLUSION Our findings provide direct evidence that TRAF6 mediates diabetes-induced inflammation leading to renal dysfunction. We also show that KPF is a potential therapeutic agent to reduce inflammatory responses in DN. Also, TRAF6 may represent an interesting target to combat DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutics, Wenzhou Nursing School, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Wenjing Jia
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Yanni Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Aleksandr V Samorodov
- Department of Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa City, 450005, Russia.
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Xueting Hu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Fei Zhuang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 323000, China.
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Zhuji Biomedicine Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Chao Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 323000, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Zhuji Biomedicine Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Zhuji Biomedicine Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
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15
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Pan Z, Yang K, Wang H, Xiao Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Xu T, Bai T, Zhu H. MFAP4 deficiency alleviates renal fibrosis through inhibition of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:14250-14263. [PMID: 32905637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, which is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the renal tubulointerstitium, can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of microfiber-associated protein 4 (MFAP4), which is an ECM protein that interacts with elastin and collagen, in renal fibrosis has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the role of MFAP4 in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism using in vivo and in vitro models. The MFAP4-/- mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to elucidate the role of MFAP4 in renal fibrosis in vivo. Compared to the wild-type mice, the MFAP4-/- mice exhibited decreased protein expression of p-p65 and p-IKBα and ECM deposition after UUO. The MFAP4-/- mice exhibited attenuated nuclear translocation of p65 (the hub subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway), suppressed activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathways, and downregulated expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The knockdown of MFAP4 mitigated the TGF-β-induced upregulated expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Compared to the HK-2 cells transfected with sh-MFAP4, the HK-2 cells co-transfected with sh-MFAP4 and Ad-MFAP4 exhibited severe inflammatory response and increased fibrosis-related proteins expression. Mechanistically, the knockdown of MFAP4 inhibited the activation of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and downregulated the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. The findings of this study indicate that MFAP4 is involved in UUO-induced renal fibrosis through regulation of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Pan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Three Gorges University People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Yusha Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengcheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Wu JX, Jia A, Tan YF, Xu H, Tian JP, Wang Y, Li HL, Gao BM, Li YH. Effect of Alpina oxyphylla extract on streptozotocin-induced kidney injure via regulating TGF-β1 and MyD88. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:217. [PMID: 32660472 PMCID: PMC7359227 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal renal metabolism is closely related to the development of chronic kidney disease. It is well known that renal inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tubulointerstitial damage in the renal tubules. The purpose of the experiment was to observe the bioactivity of Alpina oxyphylla extract (AOE) on renal injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five group (n = 6): (1) intact control (non-diabetic, ND); (2) intact diabetic (STZ), (3) diabetic rats treated with gliclazide 5 mg/kg (STZ-gli), (4) diabetic rats treated with AOE 400 mg/kg (AOE 400), (5) diabetic rats treated with AOE 800 mg/kg (AOE 800). The diabetic nephropathy rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injected 50 mg/kg STZ. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight was observed at 1、3、6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the renal function parameters of five groups and 24 h urinary protein were detected. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) were assessed by Western Blot. RESULTS The STZ group showed hyperglycemia, proteinuria, renal function damage, and the levels of 24 h urinary protein, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the STZ group increased significantly compared with the ND group. The expression of TGF-β1 in STZ group was increase (p < 0.01), and the expression of MyD88 was significantly lower than in ND group (p < 0.05). The treatment of DN rats with AOE attenuated DN-associated in the serum biochemical index and the expression of TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS AOE can effectively protect kidney tissues of diabetic nephropathy, and probably through regulating level of TGF-β1/MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
| | - An Jia
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 PR China
- Medical School, Huanghe Science & Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 PR China
| | - Yin-feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
| | - Jian-ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
| | - Hai Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
| | - Bing-miao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
| | - Yong-hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 PR China
- Medical School, Huanghe Science & Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063 PR China
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Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides ameliorated renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy rats by repressing inflammation and modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:442-456. [PMID: 32592781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a complication of diabetes mellitus, has been the leading cause of death in people with chronic kidney disease. This study was conducted to examine the potential health benefits of Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides (CCP) on kidney injury and renal interstitial fibrosis that occur in DN rats. First, a DN model was established using SD rats fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, then injected with STZ (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The rats were then supplemented with CCP (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The results indicated that CCP improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in DN rats. Furthermore, CCP intervention significantly suppressed the inflammation, renal pathological changes and renal dysfunction, slowing down the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA suggested that CCP modulated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota by enhancing the relative abundance and proliferation capacity of probiotics. In vitro, CCP can markedly decrease LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine levels and TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation. In summary, the results provided evidence that CCP exerted a beneficial effect on tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN rats by possibly suppressing the inflammatory response and modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis, via blocking the TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Liu P, Li F, Xu X, Li S, Dong X, Chen L, Bai B, Wang Y, Qiu M, Dong Y. 1,25(OH) 2D 3 provides protection against diabetic kidney disease by downregulating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104434. [PMID: 32240615 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The over-activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a typical immune response to injury. Previous work has suggested that controlling the over-activation of TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB may represent a new therapeutic option for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). 1,25(OH)2D3 has also been shown to exert a protective effect on DKD, although the mechanism involved has yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1,25(OH)2D3 protects against DKD by down-regulating the innate immune TLR-NF-κB pathway. NRK-52E cells were cultured under normal or high-glucose conditions. We then used siRNA to knock down TLR4 expression under high-glucose conditions. NRK-52E cells cultured under high-glucose conditions, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, were treated with different doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 and used as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Renal biochemical indicators were then measured to evaluate the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on DKD in diabetic rats. Histological analysis was also performed to determine the extent of infiltration by inflammatory cells and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Using RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we determined the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, MCP-1 and α-SMA to investigate whether 1,25(OH)2D3 could reduce the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Knocking down TLR4 abolished the tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by high-glucose conditions. High doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 consistently reduced the expression of TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB in NRK-52E cells. Moreover, high doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 had an obvious protective effect on kidney injury and inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic rats. In conclusion, high doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 protected against tubulointerstitial fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the expression of TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fengao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Suning Li
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Mingcai Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Youping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Zhang H, Wei X, Lu S, Lin X, Huang J, Chen L, Huang X, Jiang L, Li Y, Qin L, Wei J, Huang R. Protective effect of DMDD, isolated from the root of Averrhoa carambola L., on high glucose induced EMT in HK-2 cells by inhibiting the TLR4-BAMBI-Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108705. [PMID: 30877882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in initiating and progressing renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). It is crucial to explore novel renal protective drugs for the treatment of DKD. OBJECTIVE The present study is to confirm our hypothesis and to accumulate the information for the application of DMDD (2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione) as a novel therapeutic agent to potentially inhibit renal fibrogenesis and EMT in the DKD. METHODS High glucose induced renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells) was cultured and treated with DMDD. The cell viability and DMDD cytotoxicity were assessed by CCK8. Immunofluorescence was used for detection of TLR4 and downstream protein in normal and high glucose induced HK-2 cells. HK-2 cells were transfected with lentivirus codifying for BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane bound inhibitor) and interfering RNA for determination of the effect of BAMBI over-expression and silencing, respectively. TLR4-BAMBI-Smad2/3 pathway was analyzed by means of RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS A high concentration (60mM) of glucose induced significant EMT process and TLR4 expression was increased obviously in this circumstance. DMDD inhibited high expressions of TLR4 and Smad2/3 in HG induced cells and decreased the expression of BAMBI. In addition, the effects of decreased BAMBI expression and increased Smad2/3 expression in HG cultured cells were reversed in the cells of TAK-242 (TLR4 signaling inhibitor) intervention. BAMBI gene silencing dramatically increased EMT process and the over-expression of BAMBI was opposite in HK-2 cells with HG condition. These observations of EMT were ameliorated when the HK-2 cells were pre-treated with DMDD. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that DMDD treatment improves EMT in the HG induced HK-2 cells. In addition, DMDD significantly inhibits EMT by TLR4-BAMBI-Smad2/3 pathway, which hints that DMDD may be an alternative approach in diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China; Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shunyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianchun Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixiu Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Luhui Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Luhui Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Lu S, Zhang H, Wei X, Huang X, Chen L, Jiang L, Wu X, Zhou X, Qin L, Li Y, Lin X, Huang R. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. root ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1355-1363. [PMID: 31496773 PMCID: PMC6689538 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s209436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Averrhoa carambola L. is a traditional medicinal herb that has long been used to treat diabetes. Our previous studies found that 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) isolated from A. carambola L. roots could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy (DN), but its exact mechanism remains unclear. METHODS A DN model was established by streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg body weight) in TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-, KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Body weight and blood glucose were evaluated after oral administration of DMDD (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg body weight/d) in diabetic mice. The levels of serum lipids, including TC, TG, HDL, and LDL and kidney function indexes Scr and BUN, were detected by biochemical equipment. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α, were determined by ELISA kits. Furthermore, changes in renal ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR were used to assess the protein expression and mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB. RESULTS DMDD treatment attenuated diabetic nephropathy, as a result of a decline in blood glucose, serum creatinine, and blood urine nitrogen levels and an increase in the quantity and density of podocytes, combined with improved dyslipidaemia. DMDD treatment inhibited the inflammatory response and downregulated the expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in diabetic mice, and these changes were significantly different in TLR4-/- mice. CONCLUSION DMDD alleviates diabetic nephropathy by mitigating kidney damage and inflammation via the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixiu Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhui Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingchun Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhui Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Lin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Renbin Huang; Xing LinDepartment of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region530021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 771 533 9805Fax +86 771 535 8272Email ;
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Gholampour F, Roozbeh J, Janfeshan S, Karimi Z. Remote ischemic per-conditioning protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing gene expression of TLR4 and TNF-α in rat model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:112-119. [PMID: 30501397 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) involves both inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in the kidney. This study determined whether remote ischemic per-conditioning (RIPerC) is mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in rats. Renal IR injury was induced by occluding renal arteries for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. RIPerC included 4 cycles of 2 min of ischemia of the left femoral artery followed by 3 min of reperfusion performed at the start of renal ischemia. Rats were divided into sham, IR, and RIPerC groups. At the end of the reperfusion period, urine, blood and tissue samples were gathered. IR created kidney dysfunction, as ascertained by a significant decrease in creatinine clearance and a significant increase in sodium fractional excretion. These changes occurred in concert with a decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase with an increment in malondialdehyde levels, mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and histological damage in renal tissues. RIPerC treatment diminished all these changes. This study demonstrates that RIPerC has protective effects on the kidney after renal IR, which might be related to the inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway and augmentation of antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Gholampour
- a Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- b Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Janfeshan
- c Department of Biology, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Karimi
- b Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zishenwan Decreases Kidney Damage in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection through the Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signal. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5968657. [PMID: 30519266 PMCID: PMC6241366 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5968657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of Zishenwan on pyelonephritis rats. Methods In the rat model of pyelonephritis, protective effects of Zishenwan, the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIg A), and interleukins were detected by ELISA. The expressions of TLR4-NFκB pathway were detected by Western blot in renal and urinary tract mucosa. The protective effect and influence on TLR4-NFκB pathway of Zishenwan were studied. Results Zishenwan protected rats from pyelonephritis which related to the increase of SIgA, the regulation of interleukins, and the inhibition of TLR4-NFκB pathway. Serum containing Zishenwan can significantly decrease LPS-induced expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NFκB in vitro. And the inhibition of TLR4 signal by Zishenwan related to the degradation of TRAF3 and TRAF6. Conclusions Zishenwan protected rats from urinary tract infection by clearance of bacteria and decrease of tissue damage. 20S proteasomes mediated the degradation of TRAF3 which is important to the decrease of tissue damage from Zishenwan.
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Chen F, Zhu X, Sun Z, Ma Y. Astilbin Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation by Suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1187. [PMID: 30459606 PMCID: PMC6232904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Astilbin is an active natural compound and possesses anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of astilbin on high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells and the potential mechanisms. The results showed that HG induced cell proliferation of HBZY-1 cells in a time-dependent manner, and astilbin inhibited HG-induced cell proliferation. The expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and ECM components, including collagen IV (Col IV) and fibronectin (FN), were induced by HG. Moreover, TGF-β1 and CTGF were also induced by HG. The induction by HG on inflammatory response and ECM accumulation was inhibited after astilbin treatment. Astilbin treatment also attenuated HG-induced decrease in expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway was activated by HG, and the inhibitor of TLR4 exhibited the same effect to astilbin on reversing the induction of HG. TLR4 overexpression attenuated the effect of astilbin on HG-induced inflammatory cytokine production and ECM accumulation. The results suggested that astilbin attenuated inflammation and ECM accumulation in HG-induced rat glomerular mesangial cells via inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. This work provided evidence that astilbin can be considered as a potential candidate for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yali Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zhao Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Zhang X. Vitamin D suppresses macrophage infiltration by down-regulation of TREM-1 in diabetic nephropathy rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:44-52. [PMID: 29331667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study intends to investigate the effect of active vitamin D (VD) on the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in the renal tissues of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and to explore the impact of TREM-1 on macrophage adhesion and migration. We find that the expressions of TREM-1 and CD68 protein are higher in DN rats compared with rats in the normal control group and that these changes are decreased in the DN + VD group. In vitro, the capacity for macrophage adhesion and migration and the expression of TREM-1 are increased under high-glucose conditions, but VD inhibits this progress. TREM-1 siRNA decreases high-glucose-induced macrophage adhesion and migration, whereas over-expression of TREM-1 inhibits its action. However, VD cannot suppress high glucose-induced TREM-1 expression and macrophage adhesion and migration when TREM-1 is over-expressed. These results demonstrate that VD can suppress macrophage adhesion and migration by reducing the expression of TREM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuteng Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Wang W, Wang J. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Regulates Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by NF-κB Activation. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5588-5597. [PMID: 30098292 PMCID: PMC6180953 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling has been implicated in invasion, metastasis, and survival of various cancers. Activation of TLR4 can promote cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). However, little is known about the effects of TLR4/COX-2 in prostate cancer (PCa). Material/Methods In our study, TLR4 and COX-2 expressions were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in PCa tissues (n=34). Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assays. The migration and invasion abilities were detected by wound healing and Transwell assays. qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to detect TLR4, COX-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin), vimentin, NF-κB (p65), and p-p65 expressions. Results The results revealed that TLR4 and COX-2 were upregulated in PCa tissues; Silencing of TLR4 or COX-2 inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and TLR4 siRNAs combined with COX-2 siRNAs synergistically suppressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing of TLR4 or COX-2 also downregulated MMP-2, MMP-9, and E-cadherin expressions, and upregulated TIMP-1 and vimentin expressions. In addition, silencing of TLR4 or COX-2 inhibited p65 phosphorylation and had a synergistic effect. Conclusions We demonstrated that TLR4/COX-2 inhibits PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Zhang Y, Su X, Zou F, Xu T, Pan P, Hu C. Toll-like receptor-4 deficiency alleviates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:503-513. [PMID: 30099700 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-associated chronic kidney disease is mainly caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) triggered renal damage. This study aims to investigate the role of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in underlying mechanism involved chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced renal damage. METHODS C57BL/6J mice with normal TLR4 (TLR4 WT) or deficient TLR4 (TLR4 KO) were divided into four groups and exposed to normal air (NA) and CIH: TLR4 WT + NA, TLR4 KO + NA, TLR4 WT + CIH, and TLR4 KO + CIH. CIH lasted for 8 h/day and 7 days/week for 6 weeks. Renal injury and inflammation were evaluated by histology and ELISA. Renal tubular apoptosis, macrophages, and fibroblasts recruitment were determined by TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, and western blot. RESULTS In response to CIH, TLR4 deficiency alleviated renal histological injury, renal dysfunction, and fibrosis. TLR4 deficiency ameliorated renal dysfunction (serum BUN and creatinine) and tubular endothelial apoptosis determined by immunofluorescence staining of CD31 and TUNEL, and western blot of apoptotic protein (caspase-3, c-caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio). Furthermore, we also found TLR4 deficiency abrogated CIH-induced macrophages (CD68) and fibroblasts (α-SMA) recruitment, further reducing expression of extra-cellular matrix protein (collagen I and collagen IV) and inflammatory cytokines release (IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1). Finally, we used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that TLR4 deficiency attenuated increased expression of MyD88 and NF-kB p65 after CIH treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TLR4 plays a vital role in CIH-induced renal injury, inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibition of TLR4 probably provides a therapeutic potential for CIH-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangfang Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengjuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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McCarty MF, Assanga SBI. Ferulic acid may target MyD88-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling - Implications for the health protection afforded by whole grains, anthocyanins, and coffee. Med Hypotheses 2018; 118:114-120. [PMID: 30037596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Higher dietary intakes of anthocyanins have been linked epidemiologically to decreased risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events; clinical trials and rodent studies evaluating ingestion of anthocyanin-rich extracts confirm favorable effects of these agents on endothelial function and metabolic syndrome. However, these benefits of anthocyanins are lost in rats whose gut microbiome has been eliminated with antibiotic treatment - pointing to bacterial metabolites of anthocyanins as the likely protective agents. A human pharmacokinetic assessment of orally administered cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, a prominent anthocyanin, has revealed that, whereas this compound is minimally absorbed, ferulic acid (FA) is one of its primary metabolites that appears in plasma. FA is a strong antioxidant and phase 2 inducer that has exerted marked anti-inflammatory effects in a number of rodent and cell culture studies; in particular, FA is highly protective in rodent models of diet-induced weight gain and metabolic syndrome. FA, a precursor for lignan synthesis, is widely distributed in plant-based whole foods, mostly in conjugated form; whole grains are a notable source. Coffee ingestion boosts plasma FA owing to gastrointestinal metabolism of chlorogenic acid. Hence, it is reasonable to suspect that FA mediates some of the broad health benefits that have been associated epidemiologically with frequent consumption of whole grains, anthocyanins, coffee, and unrefined plant-based foods. The molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory effects of FA may have been clarified by a recent study demonstrating that FA can target the adaptor protein MyD88; this plays an essential role in pro-inflammatory signaling by most toll-like receptors and interleukin-1β. If feasible oral intakes of FA can indeed down-regulate MyD88-dependent signaling, favorable effects of FA on neurodegeneration, hypothalamic inflammation, weight gain, adipocyte and beta cell function, adiponectin secretion, vascular health, and cartilage and bone integrity can be predicted. Since FA is well tolerated, safe, and natural, it may have great potential as a protective nutraceutical, and clinical trials evaluating its effects are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
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Involvement of the TGFβ1- ILK-Akt signaling pathway in the effects of hesperidin in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:766-772. [PMID: 29909344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the manifestations of systemic microangiopathy in diabetes. Hesperetin, a natural flavanone glycoside compound in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated to exert hypoglycemic effects and protect kidney in experimental diabetic animals. The current study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic effects of hesperetin in high-fat/streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. The results showed that mice in whom hesperetin was administered for 4 weeks attenuated the increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance ability that was observed in high-fat/STZ mice. In addition, we found that hesperetin ameliorated the abnormalities of biochemical parameters in serum, liver, and kidney of mice with diabetic nephropathy. Hesperetin also rescued the irregular distortions in glomerular basement membrane and expanded mesangial regions. Moreover, hesperetin repaired the function of podocyte by increasing renal nephrin expression and decreasing renal alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Furthermore, hesperetin inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and its downstream effectors integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and Akt. In conclusion, our study implies that hesperetin produced protective effects in diabetic nephropathy possibly by suppressing TGF-β1-ILK-Akt signaling.
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All-trans retinoic acid ameliorates inflammatory response mediated by TLR4/NF-κB during initiation of diabetic nephropathy. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 60:47-60. [PMID: 30193155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of renal failure worldwide and its complications have become a public health problem. Inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis play central roles in the progression of DN that lead to renal failure. Potential deleterious effect of inflammation in early evolution of DN is not fully disclosed. Therefore, it is relevant to explore therapies that might modulate this process in order to reduce DN progression. We explored the beneficial effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in early inflammation in glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. ATRA was administered (1 mg/kg daily by gavage) on days 3 to 21 after STZ administration. It was found that 21 days after STZ injection, diabetic rats exhibited proteinuria, increased natriuresis and loss of body weight. Besides, diabetes induced an increase in interleukins [IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-16, IL-13, IL-2; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), chemokines (CCL2, CCL20, CXCL5 and CXCL7), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and L-selectin) and growth factors (GM-CSF, VEGF, PDGF) in glomeruli and proximal tubules, whereas ATRA treatment remarkably ameliorated these alterations. To further explore the mechanisms through which ATRA decreased inflammatory response, the NF-κB/p65 signaling mediated by TLR4 was studied. We found that ATRA administration attenuates the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling and prevents NF-κB nuclear translocation in glomeruli and proximal tubules.
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姜 婷, 张 雯, 向 晓, 束 双, 谢 唯, 汤 珣, 章 俊. [Lithium chloride arrests HK-2 cell cycle in G2 phase through AKT/GSK-3β signal pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:541-546. [PMID: 29891449 PMCID: PMC6743901 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on cell cycle of HK-2 cells and explore the possible pathways involved. METHODS HK-2 cells were treated with LiCl at different concentrations (5, 12.5, 20, and 25 mmol/L) for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h, and the changes in cell cycle and viability were detected using flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to analyze the changes in the expressions of cyclin B1 and CDK1 (the two G2 phase-related proteins) and those of AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway-related proteins in the treated cells. RESULTS LiCl treatment time- and concentration-dependently increased HK-2 cell percentage in G2 phase and decreased the cell vitality. The expressions of cyclin B1, CDK1, p-GSK-3β, and β-catenin increased and the expression of p-AKT decreased significantly in the cells as LiCl treatment time and concentration increased. CONCLUSION LiCl may cause HK-2 cell cycle arrest in G2 phase through activation of the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 婷婷 姜
- />南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 雯英 张
- />南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 晓红 向
- />南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 双双 束
- />南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 唯 谢
- />南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 珣 汤
- />南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 俊 章
- />南方医科大学珠江医院肾内科,广东 广州 510280Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Zhou Y, Ni X, Wen B, Duan L, Sun H, Yang M, Zou F, Lin Y, Liu Q, Zeng Y, Fu X, Pan K, Jing B, Wang P, Zeng D. Appropriate dose of Lactobacillus buchneri supplement improves intestinal microbiota and prevents diarrhoea in weaning Rex rabbits. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:401-416. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects on intestinal microbiota and diarrhoea of Lactobacillus buchneri supplementation to the diet of weaning Rex rabbits. To this end, rabbits were treated with L. buchneri at two different doses (LC: 104 cfu/g diet and HC: 105 cfu/g diet) for 4 weeks. PCR-DGGE was used to determine the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, while real-time PCR permitted the detection of individual bacterial species. ELISA and real-time PCR allowed the identification of numerous cytokines in the intestinal tissues. Zonula occludens-1, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and immunoglobulin A genes were examined to evaluate intestinal barriers. Results showed that the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota of weaning Rex rabbits improved in the whole tract of the treated groups. The abundance of most detected bacterial species was highly increased in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum after L. buchneri administration. The species abundance in the HC group was more increased than in the LC group when compared to the control. Although the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae exhibited a different pattern, Escherichia coli was inhibited in all treatment groups. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 genes were down-regulated in all intestinal tissues as the microbiota changed. In the LC group, the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α was reduced, the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 was up-regulated and the expression of intestinal-barrier-related genes was enhanced. Conversely, IL-4 expression was increased and the expression of other tested genes did not change in the HC group. The beneficial effects of LC were greater than those of HC or the control in terms of improving the daily weight gain and survival rate of weaning Rex rabbits and reducing their diarrhoea rate. Therefore, 104 cfu/g L. buchneri treatment improved the microbiota of weaning Rex rabbits and prevented diarrhoea in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhou
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - X. Ni
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - B. Wen
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China P.R
| | - L. Duan
- Qu Country Extension Station for Husbandry Technology, Dazhou, Sichuan 635299, China P.R
| | - H. Sun
- Ya’an City Bureau of Agriculture, Ya’an, Sichuan 625099, China P.R
| | - M. Yang
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - F. Zou
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - Y. Lin
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - Q. Liu
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - Y. Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - X. Fu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China P.R
| | - K. Pan
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - B. Jing
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
| | - P. Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China P.R
| | - D. Zeng
- Animal Microecology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huiming Road 211, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China P.R
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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MicroRNA-27a promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via suppressing PPARγ pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47760-47776. [PMID: 27351287 PMCID: PMC5216977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-27a (miR-27a) upregulation has been identified in diabetes, but the pathogenesis of miR-27a in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been elucidated. Herein, we found that high glucose stimulated miR-27a expression, which directly inhibited PPARγ and promoted fibrosis in NRK-52E cells. The functional relevance of miR-27a-dependent PPARγ decrease was proven by inhibition or overexpression of miR-27a both in vitro and in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MiR-27a, via repression of PPARγ, activates the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and contributes to the expressional changes of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Fibronectin and Collagen I, key mediators of fibrosis. Furthermore, we provide evidences that plasma miR-27a upregulation contributed to unfavorable renal function and increased TIF in renal tissues of diabetic rats and DN patients. Notably, miR-27a exhibited clinical and biological relevance as it was linked to elevated serum creatinine, proteinuria, urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Thus, we propose a novel role of the miR-27a-PPARγ axis in fostering the progression toward more deteriorated renal TIF in DN. Monitoring plasma miR-27a level and its association with PPARγ can be used to reflect the severity of renal TIF. Targeting miR-27a could be evaluated as a potential therapeutic approach for DN.
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Gan L, Qin W, Wu S, Wu S, Bao W. Spatiotemporal expression of MYD88 gene in pigs from birth to adulthood. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:119-124. [PMID: 29384556 PMCID: PMC5901504 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MYD88 plays an important role in the immune response against infections. To analyze MYD88 gene expression during different stages of pig development, we used real-time PCR. MYD88 was seen expressed in all tissues examined. MYD88 expression in spleen, lungs, and thymus reached its highest value from 7 to 14 days of age and decreased thereafter. Expression in lymph nodes was high until 28 days of age and then it declined after weaning, with stable low levels in adult pigs. MYD88 expression was high before 35 days of age in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), where it reached its highest value from 7 to 14 days of age. MYD88 expression in the small intestine declined post-weaning and remained relatively low during adulthood. The results of this study suggest that weaning stress and development of the immune system might be positively correlated with MYD88 expression regulation. Moreover, this study provided evidence that the high expression of MYD88 may diminish weaning stress and increase disease resistance in Meishan pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiNa Gan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - WeiYun Qin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - ShengLong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - WenBin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Liu B, Ding F, Hu D, Zhou Y, Long C, Shen L, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wei G. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium attenuates renal fibrosis by reducing inflammation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:7. [PMID: 29329595 PMCID: PMC5767037 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis is characterized by infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells and release of inflammatory mediators, activation and proliferation of fibroblasts, and deposition of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) conditioned medium (CM) on renal tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Methods Renal interstitial fibrosis was prepared in vivo using the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Rats were divided randomly into Sham group, Sham group with CM, UUO group, and UUO group with CM. The effect of hucMSC-CM on kidney injury induced by UUO was assessed by detecting kidney histopathology, serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in serum and kidney tissues were detected by ELISA. The expression of proteins associated with fibrosis and renal inflammation was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. The effects of hucMSC-CM on the TGF-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and on inflammation in NRK-52E cells were investigated by immunofluorescent staining, ELISA, and western blotting. Results hucMSC-CM reduced extracellular matrix deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration as well as release of inflammatory factors in UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Furthermore, hucMSC-CM markedly attenuated the EMT process and proinflammatory cytokines in rats with UUO and TGF-β1-induced NRK-52E cells. hucMSC-CM also inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Our results suggest that hucMSC-CM has protective effects against UUO-induced renal fibrosis and that hucMSC-CM exhibits its anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0760-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Fengxia Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2 RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Dong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Deying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
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Zou Y, Chen Z, Li J, Gong W, Zhang L, Xu F, Chen L, Liu P, Huang H. Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 3 Upregulates Fibronectin and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Glomerular Mesangial Cells via Activating NF-κB Signaling Pathway Under High Glucose Conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 29930535 PMCID: PMC5999916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3), is a Golgi-anchored membrane protein containing seven transmembrane helices. It has been demonstrated that PAQR3 mediates insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. In addition, kidney inflammatory fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of PAQR3 in diabetic kidney fibrosis as well as inflammation in DN. OBJECT The effect of PAQR3 on NF-κB signaling pathway, expressions of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) cultured by high glucose (HG) were examined. METHOD Diabetic mouse and rat models were induced by streptozotocin (STZ). GMCs were treated with HG and transfected with PAQR3 plasmids or small-interfering RNA targeting PAQR3 or NF-κB. The protein levels of FN and ICAM-1 were examined by Western blotting, and the transcriptional activity and DNA binding activity of NF-κB were measured by dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The interaction between PAQR3 and IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase β) was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS PAQR3 was increased in both STZ-induced diabetic models and HG-treated GMCs. PAQR3 overexpression further increased HG-induced FN and ICAM-1 upregulation. In contrast, silencing of PAQR3 suppressed the expressions of FN and ICAM-1. PAQR3 overexpression promoted the nuclear accumulation, DNA binding activity, and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Mechanically, PAQR3 directly interacted with IKKβ. The upregulation effect of PAQR3 overexpression on the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 was abolished by the treatment of NF-κB siRNA or PDTC (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) in HG-treated GMCs. CONCLUSION PAQR3 promotes the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 via activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, PAQR3 activates NF-κB signaling pathway to mediate kidney inflammatory fibrosis through direct interaction with IKKβ in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezi Zou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Futian Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Huang,
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Zhang D, Bi X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xiong J, Xu X, Xiao T, Yu Y, Jiang W, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhao J. High Phosphate-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells is Associated with the TLR4/NF-κb Signaling Pathway. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:1205-1215. [PMID: 29227975 DOI: 10.1159/000485874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyperphosphatemia is one of the most notable features of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have found that high serum phosphate concentrations are associated with calcification in the coronary arteries. However, the mechanisms underlying the vascular calcification induced by high phosphate have not been understood fully. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured in high-phosphate media to induce vascular calcification, which was detected by Alizarin red S staining. Gene expression and protein levels of differentiation markers were determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Protein levels of phosphorylated NF-κB and TLR4 were detected by western blotting, and the role of NF-κB/TLR4 was further confirmed by using an NF-κB inhibitor or TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS Our results showed that high-phosphate media induced obvious calcification of VSMCs. Simultaneously, VSMC differentiation was confirmed by the increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 and decreased expression of the VSMC-specific marker SM22α, which was accompanied by the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, a significant upregulation of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κB was also detected in VSMCs with high-phosphate media. In contrast, VSMC calcification and the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines were markedly attenuated by pretreatment with TLR4 siRNA and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid, an NF-κB inhibitor. CONCLUSION These data suggest that high-phosphate conditions directly induce vascular calcification via the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in VSMCs. Moreover, inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be a key intervention to prevent vascular calcification in patients with CKD.
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Liu H, Xiong J, He T, Xiao T, Li Y, Yu Y, Huang Y, Xu X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhao J. High Uric Acid-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via the TLR4/NF-kB Signaling Pathway. Am J Nephrol 2017; 46:333-342. [PMID: 29017152 DOI: 10.1159/000481668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for causing chronic kidney disease and contributes to kidney fibrosis. After urate crystals get deposited in the kidney, they can cause hyperuricemia nephropathy, leading to glomerular hypertrophy and renal tubular interstitial fibrosis. Recent data showed that uric acid (UA) could induce epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells, in which NRLP3 inflammatory pathway was involved. However, whether TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is also involved in EMT of renal tubular cells induced by UA is not clear. METHODS Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were directly treated with UA and the phenotypic transition was detected by morphological changes and the molecular markers of EMT. The activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway induced by UA was measured by Western blot and its involvement was further confirmed by the inhibition of NF-κB activation or knockdown of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. RESULTS UA induced obvious morphological changes of HK-2 cell, accompanied with altered molecular markers of EMT including fibronectin, α-SMA and E-cadherin. In addition, UA significantly upregulated the gene expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, UA significantly activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in HK-2 cells, while the inhibition of the TLR4 expression by siRNA and NF-κB activation by PDTC significantly attenuated EMT induced by UA in HK-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS UA can induce EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells by the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and the targeted intervention of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might effectively inhibit UA-induced renal interstitial fibrosis mediated by EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinli Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,
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Chen Z, Yuan Y, Zou X, Hong M, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li G, Zhu Y, Luo L, Bao B, Bu S. Radix Puerariae and Fructus Crataegi mixture inhibits renal injury in type 2 diabetes via decreasing of AKT/PI3K. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:454. [PMID: 28886733 PMCID: PMC5591499 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Radix puerariae (RP) is a herbal medicines for diabetes, mainly because of anti-oxidative, insulin resistance and hypoglycemic effect. Fructus crataegi (FC) also possesses strong antioxidant activity in vitro. This study focused on the effects of herbal mixture of RP and FC (RPFC) on renal protection through a diabetic rat model. Methods Type 2 Diabetic model was established with high fat diet followed by injecting rats a low dose of STZ (25 mg/kg body weight). Rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal, high fat diet, diabetes mellitus, high fat diet plus RPFC prevention, and RPFC prevention before diabetes mellitus. RPFC was given to rats daily by intragastric gavage. The blood bio-chemical index and renal pathological changes were examined. The later includes hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid schiff staining, and Masson trichrome staining. Protein levels of were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. Results Rats prevented with RPFC resulted in decreasing blood glucose with corresponding vehicle treated rats. Glomerulus mesangial matrix expansion, renal capsule constriction, and renal tubular epithelial cell edema were less severe following RPFC prevention. Moreover, RPFC prevention reduced protein levels of PI3K, AKT, α-SMA and collagen IV in the kidney of diabetic rats. Conclusion Combined prevention with RPFC may inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway in the kidney, thereby prevent renal injury in diabetic rats.
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SOCS2 overexpression alleviates diabetic nephropathy in rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91185-91198. [PMID: 29207635 PMCID: PMC5710915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) was reported to be involved in the development of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). However, its underlying mechanism remains undefined. Western blot was carried out to determine the expressions of SOCS2, Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-related proteins in DN patients, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN rats and high glucose (HG)-stimulated podocytes. The effects of SOCS2 overexpression on renal injury, the inflammatory cytokines production, renal pathological changes, apoptosis and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in DN rats or HG-stimulated podocytes were investigated. TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC were used to confirm the functional mechanism of SOCS2 overexpression in HG-stimulated podocytes. SOCS2 was down-regulated, while TLR4 and NF-κB were up-regulated in renal tissues of DN patients and DN rats. Ad-SOCS2 infection alleviated STZ-induced renal injury and pathological changes and inhibited STZ-induced IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1 generation and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in DN rats. SOCS2 overexpression attenuated apoptosis, suppressed the inflammatory cytokines expression, and inactivated the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in HG-stimulated podocytes. Suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway enhanced the inhibitory effect of SOCS2 overexpression on apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines expressions in HG-stimulated podocytes. SOCS2 overexpression alleviated the development of DN by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, contributing to developing new therapeutic strategies against DN.
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Anderberg SB, Luther T, Frithiof R. Physiological aspects of Toll-like receptor 4 activation in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:573-588. [PMID: 27602552 PMCID: PMC5324638 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury (SI‐AKI) is common and associated with high mortality. Survivors are at increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The precise mechanism underlying SI‐AKI is unknown, and no curative treatment exists. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) activates the innate immune system in response to exogenous microbial products. The result is an inflammatory reaction aimed at clearing a potential infection. However, the consequence may also be organ dysfunction as the immune response can cause collateral damage to host tissue. The purpose of this review is to describe the basis for how ligand binding to TLR4 has the potential to cause renal dysfunction and the mechanisms by which this may take place in gram‐negative sepsis. In addition, we highlight areas for future research that can further our knowledge of the pathogenesis of SI‐AKI in relation to TLR4 activation. TLR4 is expressed in the kidney. Activation of TLR4 causes cytokine and chemokine release as well as renal leucocyte infiltration. It also results in endothelial and tubular dysfunction in addition to altered renal metabolism and circulation. From a physiological standpoint, inhibiting TLR4 in large animal experimental SI‐AKI significantly improves renal function. Thus, current evidence indicates that TLR4 has the ability to mediate SI‐AKI by a number of mechanisms. The strong experimental evidence supporting a role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of SI‐AKI in combination with the availability of pharmacological tools to target TLR4 warrants future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Anderberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Section of Anesthesia & Intensive Care; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - T. Luther
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Section of Anesthesia & Intensive Care; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - R. Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Section of Anesthesia & Intensive Care; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Song Y, Peng C, Lv S, Cheng J, Liu S, Wen Q, Guan G, Liu G. Adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis through inhibition of EMT and inflammatory response via TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 44:115-122. [PMID: 28092863 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been successfully used to treat acute kidney injury or acute renal failure. However, the effect of ADSCs on treating renal interstitial fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and explored the potential mechanisms. After 7days of UUO, rats were injected with ADSCs (5×106) or vehicle via tail vein. We found that ADSCs administration significantly ameliorated renal interstitial fibrosis, the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory response. Furthermore, ADSCs administration could inhibit the activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway, which might play a crucial role in renal interstitial fibrosis of the UUO model rats. These results suggested that ADSCs treatment attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis possibly through inhibition of EMT and inflammatory response via TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Therefore, ADSCs may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangju Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Xu P, Guan MP, Bi JG, Wang D, Zheng ZJ, Xue YM. High glucose down-regulates microRNA-181a-5p to increase pro-fibrotic gene expression by targeting early growth response factor 1 in HK-2 cells. Cell Signal 2017; 31:96-104. [PMID: 28077323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) plays an important role in the progression of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Accumulating evidence supports a crucial effect of early growth response factor 1 (Egr1) on renal fibrosis in DN, but the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. Here, we explored the aggravating role of Egr1 and identified microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) as an upstream regulator of Egr1 in TIF of DN. We demonstrated that overexpression of Egr1 enhanced, whereas small interfering RNA targeting Egr1 decreased the expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and fibrosis-related genes including fibronectin and collagen I in human proximal tubule cell line (HK-2) cells. We then found that miR-181a-5p expression was down-regulated, accompanied by the corresponding up-regulation of Egr1, TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen I in renal tissues of type 2 diabetic Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty rats with DN, and that the expression of miR-181a-5p was negatively correlated with the level of Egr1 in HK-2 cells treated with high glucose. Furthermore, we identified that miR-181a-5p directly suppressed Egr1 to decrease the expressions of TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen I in HK-2 cells through targeting the 3' untranslated region of Egr1. The functional relevance of miR-181a-5p-induced Egr1 decrease was supported by inhibition and overexpression of miR-181a-5p in HK-2 cells. Thus, we concluded that aberrant Egr1 expression, which can be suppressed by miR-181a-5p directly, plays a crucial role in the progression of renal TIF in DN. This study indicates that targeting miR-181a-5p may be a novel therapeutic approach of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mei-Ping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Gang Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zong-Ji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Ming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Wang MX, Zhao XJ, Chen TY, Liu YL, Jiao RQ, Zhang JH, Ma CH, Liu JH, Pan Y, Kong LD. Nuciferine Alleviates Renal Injury by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses in Fructose-Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7899-7910. [PMID: 27718563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuciferine is a major active component from the lotus leaf. This study examines the effects of nuciferine on fructose-induced renal injury and explores its possible mechanism. Rats consumed drinking water or 10% fructose for 12 weeks. Fructose-fed rats were orally treated with water or 7, 14, or 28 mg/kg of nuciferine for the last 6 weeks. HK-2 cells were exposed to 5 mM fructose alone or in combination with nuciferine (2.5-40 μM) for 24 h. Nuciferine significantly attenuated fructose-induced hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation in rats. More importantly, it alleviated renal pathological injury with proteinuria at 20 and 40 mg/kg (2.58 ± 0.97 and 2.48 ± 1.04 mg/mg·creatinine, P < 0.05) compared with fructose-vehicle group (4.10 ± 1.18 mg/mg·creatinine). Furthermore, nuciferine reduced TLR4, MyD88, PI3K, ILK, p-AKT, p-P65, and NLRP3 inflammasome protein levels (P < 0.05 for all) in the renal cortex of fructose-fed rats (14 and 28 mg/kg) and fructose-exposed HK-2 cells (5-40 μM), which is consistent with its reduction of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 (P < 0.05 for all) in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that nuciferine alleviated fructose-induced inflammation by inhibiting TLR4/PI3K/NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rat renal cortex and HK-2 cells, which may contribute to the improvement of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Involvement of the NLRC4-Inflammasome in Diabetic Nephropathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164135. [PMID: 27706238 PMCID: PMC5051905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide but current treatments remain suboptimal. The role of inflammation in DN has only recently been recognized. It has been shown that the NLRP3-inflammasome contributes to DN development by inducing interleukin (IL)-1β processing and secretion. In an effort to understand other IL-1β activating mechanism during DN development, we examined the role of the NLRC4-inflammasome in DN and found that NLRC4 is a parallel mechanism, in addition to the NLRP3-inflammasome, to induce pro-IL-1β processing and activation. We found that the expression of NLRC4 is elevated in DN kidneys. NLRC4-deficiency results in diminished DN disease progression, as manifested by a decrease in blood glucose and albumin excretion, as well as preserved renal histology. We further found that DN kidneys have increased F4/80+ macrophages, increased IL-1β production, and other signaling pathways related to kidney pathology such as activation of NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways, all of which were rescued by NLRC4-deficiency. This study demonstrates NLRC4-driven IL-1β production as critical for the progression of DN, which underscores the importance to target this pathway to alleviate this devastating disease.
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Jiang BT, Chen QZ, Guo ZH, Zou W, Chen X, Zha WL. Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates renal ischemic reperfusion injury via down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 in diabetic rats. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1425-1431. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1214148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Yao H, Hu C, Yin L, Tao X, Xu L, Qi Y, Han X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Peng J. Dioscin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory liver injury via regulating TLR4/MyD88 signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lai R, Liu H, Jakovlić I, Zhan F, Wei J, Yang P, Wang W. Molecular cloning and expression of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) in the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:63-76. [PMID: 26802439 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in teleost innate immune system. In this study, Megalobrama amblycephala (ma) tlr4 gene was cloned, its putative polypeptide product characterized, and expression analysed. Matlr4 cDNA is 2862 bp long, with an open reading frame of 2364 bp encoding 787 amino acids. MaTlr4 is a typical TLR protein, including the extracellular part with nine leucine-rich repeat motifs, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain. MaTlr4 has the highest level of identity (94%) and similarity (97%) with the grass carp Tlr4.2 homolog. This was also corroborated by the phylogenetic analysis, which placed MaTlr4 in a cluster with other cyprinid homologs. Matlr4 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues and during all sampled developmental stages. The observed peak in matlr4 mRNA expression during gastrula and somite stages is in good agreement with its proposed role in the development of the neural system. Temporal expression patterns of matlr4 and maMyD88 mRNAs and proteins were analyzed in liver, spleen, head kidney, trunk kidney and intestine after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. And mRNA expression varied between different time-points. Both MaTlr4 and MaMyD88 protein expressions at 12 hpi were significantly enhanced in head kidney and intestine. These results indicate that matlr4 is involved in the immune response in M. amblycephala, and that it is indeed a functional homologue of tlr4s described in other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Lai
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fanbin Zhan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jin Wei
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Pinhong Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 41500, China.
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Abstract
The innate immune system includes several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs). These receptors detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the extracellular and intracellular space. Intracellular NLRs constitute inflammasomes, which activate and release caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 thereby initiating an inflammatory response. Systemic and local low-grade inflammation and release of proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. TLR2, TLR4, and the NLRP3 inflammasome can induce the production of various proinflammatory cytokines and are critically involved in inflammatory responses in pancreatic islets, and in adipose, liver and kidney tissues. This Review describes how innate immune system-driven inflammatory processes can lead to apoptosis, tissue fibrosis, and organ dysfunction resulting in insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and renal failure. We propose that careful targeting of TLR2, TLR4, and NLRP3 signalling pathways could be beneficial for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.
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Jiang N, Chen XL, Yang HW, Ma YR. Effects of nuclear factor κB expression on retinal neovascularization and apoptosis in a diabetic retinopathy rat model. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:448-52. [PMID: 26085989 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression and role of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its relationship with neovascularization and retinal cell apoptosis. METHODS A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (4, 8, 12 and 16wk, n=10 in each group) and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups (4, 8, 12 and 16wk, n=10 in each group). A diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After 4, 8, 12 and 16wk, rats were sacrificed. Retinal layers and retinal neovascularization growth were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined under light microscopy. Cell apoptosis in the retina was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and NF-κB distribution and expression in the retina was determined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS DM model success rate up to 100%. Diabetes model at each time point after the experimental groupcompared with the control group, the blood glucose was significantly increased, decreased body weight, each time point showed significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.01). After 12wk other pathological changes in the retina of diabetic rats were observed; after 16wk, neovascularization were observed. After 1mo, retinal cell apoptosis was observed. Compared with the control group, NF-κB expression in the DM group significantly increased with disease duration. CONCLUSION With the prolonging of DM progression, the expression NF-κB increases. NF-κB may be related to retinal cell apoptosis and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Ru Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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