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Nosrati H, Fallah Tafti M, Aghamollaei H, Bonakdar S, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M. Directed Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using Imprinted Cell-Like Topographies as a Growth Factor-Free Approach. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1752-1781. [PMID: 39066936 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The influence of surface topography on stem cell behavior and differentiation has garnered significant attention in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The cell-imprinting method has been introduced as a promising approach to mimic the geometry and topography of cells. The cell-imprinted substrates are designed to replicate the topographies and dimensions of target cells, enabling tailored interactions that promote the differentiation of stem cells towards desired specialized cell types. In fact, by replicating the size and shape of cells, biomimetic substrates provide physical cues that profoundly impact stem cell differentiation. These cues play a pivotal role in directing cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and gene expression, ultimately influencing lineage commitment. The biomimetic substrates' ability to emulate the native cellular microenvironment supports the creation of platforms capable of steering stem cell fate with high precision. This review discusses the role of mechanical factors that impact stem cell fate. It also provides an overview of the design and fabrication principles of cell-imprinted substrates. Furthermore, the paper delves into the use of cell-imprinted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates to direct adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation into a variety of specialized cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Additionally, the review discusses the limitations of cell-imprinted PDMS substrates and highlights the efforts made to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nosrati
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fallah Tafti
- Vision Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Milczarek O, Jarocha D, Starowicz-Filip A, Kasprzycki M, Kijowski J, Mordel A, Kwiatkowski S, Majka M. Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells and Bone Marrow-Derived CD271+ Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Treatment of Encephalopathy and Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1015-1025. [PMID: 38483743 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The broad spectrum of brain injuries in preterm newborns and the plasticity of the central nervous system prompts us to seek solutions for neurodegeneration to prevent the consequences of prematurity and perinatal problems. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the implantation of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in different schemes in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and immunological encephalopathy. Fourteen patients received single implantation of bone marrow nucleated cells administered intrathecally and intravenously, followed by multiple rounds of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells implanted intrathecally, and five patients were treated only with repeated rounds of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Seizure outcomes improved in most cases, including fewer seizures and status epilepticus and reduced doses of antiepileptic drugs compared to the period before treatment. The neuropsychological improvement was more frequent in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy than in the immunological encephalopathy group. Changes in emotional functioning occurred with similar frequency in both groups of patients. In the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy group, motor improvement was observed in all patients and the majority in the immunological encephalopathy group. The treatment had manageable toxicity, mainly mild to moderate early-onset adverse events. The treatment was generally safe in the 4-year follow-up period, and the effects of the therapy were maintained after its termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Milczarek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Children's Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Hematology Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Children's Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medicl College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Kasprzycki
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jacek Kijowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Mordel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Children's Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
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Chen KH, Chai HT, Lin KC, Chiang JY, Sung PH, Chen CH, Yip HK. Dose-dependent benefits of iron-magnetic nanoparticle-coated human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment in rat intracranial hemorrhage model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:265. [PMID: 35729660 PMCID: PMC9210819 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested whether two doses of human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were superior to one dose for protecting the brain against intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) induced by intracranial injection collagenase and the capacity of ironic-magnetic-nanoparticles (Ir-MNa) coated hUC-MSCs tracked by MRI. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male SD rats (n = 40) were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated-control), group 2 (ICH), group 3 [ICH + Ir-MNa-coated hUC-MSCs/1.2 × 106 cells with an extracorporeal magnet over rat head (eCMag)/administered by left internal carotid artery (LICA) at post-3 h ICH], and group 4 (ICH + Ir-MNa-coated hUC-MSCs/1.2 × 106 cells with an eCMag/administered post-3 h ICH by LICA and 24 h by IV) and euthanized by day 28. The result showed that by day 28 after ICH induction the neurological function was severely impaired in group 2 than in group 1 that was significantly improved in group 3 and further significantly improved in group 4, whereas ICH volume exhibited an opposite pattern of neurological impairment among the groups (all p < 0.0001). Brain MRI demonstrated that by 4 h after ICH, Ir-MNa-coated hUC-MSCs were abundantly identified in ischemic area in group 4. The protein expressions of inflammatory (TNF-α/MMP-9/IL-1ß/iNOS)/oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein)/apoptotic (caspase-3/mitochondrial Bax/PARP)/fibrotic (Smad3/TGF-ß)/mitochondrial-damaged (cytosolic-cytochrome-C) biomarkers displayed an identical pattern of neurological impairment among the groups (all p < 0.0001). The cellular expressions of inflammation (CD68+/CD11b+)/brain edema (AQP4+) biomarkers exhibited an identical pattern, whereas the neuronal-myelin (Doublecortin+/NeuN/nestin) biomarkers displayed an opposite pattern of neurological impairment (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Two doses of hUC-MSCs were superior to just one dose for protecting the brain against ICH-induced damage and Ir-MNa-coated hUC-MSCs offered a well adopted method for tracking hUC-MSCs homing into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Tan Chai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kun-Chen Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John Y Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Hsun Sung
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Divisions of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC. .,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, ROC. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan, ROC. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361028, Fujian, China.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Preconditioning: A New Strategy to Improve Neuroprotective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042088. [PMID: 35216215 PMCID: PMC8878691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases represent one of the main causes of disability in human life. Consequently, investigating new strategies capable of improving the quality of life in neurological patients is necessary. For decades, researchers have been working to improve the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapy based on MSCs’ regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and multilinear differentiation potential. Therefore, strategies such as MSCs preconditioning are useful to improve their application to restore damaged neuronal circuits following neurological insults. This review is focused on preconditioning MSCs therapy as a potential application to major neurological diseases. The aim of our work is to summarize both the in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the efficacy of MSC preconditioning on neuronal regeneration and cell survival as a possible application to neurological damage.
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Fernandez-Muñoz B, Garcia-Delgado AB, Arribas-Arribas B, Sanchez-Pernaute R. Human Neural Stem Cells for Cell-Based Medicinal Products. Cells 2021; 10:2377. [PMID: 34572024 PMCID: PMC8469920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells represent an attractive tool for the development of regenerative therapies and are being tested in clinical trials for several neurological disorders. Human neural stem cells can be isolated from the central nervous system or can be derived in vitro from pluripotent stem cells. Embryonic sources are ethically controversial and other sources are less well characterized and/or inefficient. Recently, isolation of NSC from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spina bifida and with intracerebroventricular hemorrhage has been reported. Direct reprogramming may become another alternative if genetic and phenotypic stability of the reprogrammed cells is ensured. Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of available sources of neural stem cells for the production of cell-based therapies for clinical applications. We review available safety and efficacy clinical data and discuss scalability and quality control considerations for manufacturing clinical grade cell products for successful clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
| | - Ana Belen Garcia-Delgado
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
| | - Blanca Arribas-Arribas
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
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Chen KH, Shao PL, Li YC, Chiang JY, Sung PH, Chien HW, Shih FY, Lee MS, Chen WF, Yip HK. Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Effectively Protected the Brain Architecture and Neurological Function in Rat After Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720929313. [PMID: 33169616 PMCID: PMC7784577 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720929313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage from stroke and head trauma elicits a cascade of inflammatory and immune reactions detrimental to neurological integrity and function at cellular and molecular levels. This study tested the hypothesis that human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cell (HUCDMSC) therapy effectively protected the brain integrity and neurological function in rat after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were equally divided into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (TBI), and group 3 [TBI + HUCDMSC (1.2 × 106 cells/intravenous injection at 3 h after TBI)] and euthanized by day 28 after TBI procedure. The results of corner test and inclined plane test showed the neurological function was significantly progressively improved from days 3, 7, 14, and 28 in groups 1 and 3 than in group 2, and group 1 than in group 3 (all P < 0.001). By day 28, brain magnetic resonance imaging brain ischemic volume was significantly increased in group 2 than in group 3 (P < 0.001). The protein expressions of apoptosis [mitochondrial-bax positive cells (Bax)/cleaved-caspase3/cleaved-poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase], fibrosis (Smad3 positive cells (Smad3)/transforming growth factor-β), oxidative stress (NADPH Oxidase 1 (NOX-1)/NADPH Oxidase 2 (NOX-2)/oxidized-protein/cytochrome b-245 alpha chain (p22phox)), and brain-edema/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)–damaged biomarkers (Aquaporin-4/gamma H2A histone family member X ( (γ-H2AX)) displayed an identical pattern to neurological function among the three groups (all P < 0.0001), whereas the protein expressions of angiogenesis biomarkers (vascular endothelial growth factor/stromal cell–derived factor-1α/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)) significantly increased from groups 1 to 3 (all P < 0.0001). The cellular expressions of inflammatory biomarkers (cluster of differentiation 14 (+) cells (CD14+)/glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells (GFAP+)/ a member of a new family of EGF-TM7 molecules positive cells (F4/80+)) and DNA-damaged parameter (γ-H2AX) exhibited an identical pattern, whereas cellular expressions of neural integrity (hexaribonucleotide Binding Protein-3 positive cells (NeuN+)/nestin+/doublecortin+) exhibited an opposite pattern of neurological function among the three groups (all P < 0.0001). Xenogeneic HUCDMSC therapy was safe and it significantly preserved neurological function and brain architecture in rat after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Pei-Lin Shao
- Department of Nursing, 63267Asia University, Taichung
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - John Y Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 34874National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Pei-Hsun Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Hui-Wen Chien
- Department of Nursing, 63267Asia University, Taichung
| | - Fu-Yuan Shih
- Department of Neurosurgery, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Fujian, China.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, 34874National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Department of Nursing, 63267Asia University, Taichung.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, 63328Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Fujian, China
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7
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Therapeutic potential of stem cells for preterm infant brain damage: Can we move from the heterogeneity of preclinical and clinical studies to established therapeutics? Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114461. [PMID: 33571501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired perinatal brain injuries are a set of conditions that remains a key challenge for neonatologists and that have significant social, emotional and financial implications for our communities. In our perspective article, we will introduce perinatal brain injury focusing specifically on the events leading to brain damage in preterm born infants and outcomes for these infants. Then we will summarize and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy of stem cells as neuroprotectants in the last ten years in perinatal brain injury. There are no therapies to treat brain damage in preterm born infants and a primary finding from this review is that there is a scarcity of stem cell trials focused on overcoming brain injuries in these infants. Overall, across all forms of perinatal brain injury there is a remarkable heterogeneity in previous and on-going preclinical and clinical studies in terms of the stem cell type, animal models/patient selection, route and time of administration. Despite the quality of many of the studies this variation makes it difficult to reach a valid consensus for future developments. However, it is clear that stem cells (and stem cell derived exosomes) can reduce perinatal brain injury and our field needs to work collectively to refine an effective protocol for each type of injury. The use of standardized stem cell products and testing these products across multiple models of injury will provide a stronger framework for clinical trials development.
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Santos J, Dolai S, O’Rourke MB, Liu F, Padula MP, Molloy MP, Milthorpe BK. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Small Molecule Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Chemical Probes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010160. [PMID: 33375241 PMCID: PMC7795898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells toward a neural phenotype by small molecules has been a vogue topic in the last decade. The characterization of the produced cells has been explored on a broad scale, examining morphological and specific surface protein markers; however, the lack of insight into the expression of functional proteins and their interactive partners is required to further understand the extent of the process. The phenotypic characterization by proteomic profiling allows for a substantial in-depth analysis of the molecular machinery induced and directing the cellular changes through the process. Herein we describe the temporal analysis and quantitative profiling of neural differentiating human adipose-derived stem cells after sub-proteome enrichment using a bisindolylmaleimide chemical probe. The results show that proteins enriched by the Bis-probe were identified reproducibly with 133, 118, 126 and 89 proteins identified at timepoints 0, 1, 6 and 12, respectively. Each temporal timepoint presented several shared and unique proteins relative to neural differentiation and their interactivity. The major protein classes enriched and quantified were enzymes, structural and ribosomal proteins that are integral to differentiation pathways. There were 42 uniquely identified enzymes identified in the cells, many acting as hubs in the networks with several interactions across the network modulating key biological pathways. From the cohort, it was found by gene ontology analysis that 18 enzymes had direct involvement with neurogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sibasish Dolai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.D.); (F.L.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Matthew B. O’Rourke
- Northern Clinical School, Bowel Cancer & Biomarker Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lvl 8, Kolling Instiute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.D.); (F.L.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mark P. Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; (S.D.); (F.L.); (M.P.M.)
- Northern Clinical School, Bowel Cancer & Biomarker Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lvl 8, Kolling Instiute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Bruce K. Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
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Afflerbach AK, Kiri MD, Detinis T, Maoz BM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Integration in Novel In Vitro Models. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1306. [PMID: 32927777 PMCID: PMC7565384 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-relevance of an in vitro model is dependent on two main factors-(i) an appropriate human cell source and (ii) a modeling platform that recapitulates human in vivo conditions. Recent years have brought substantial advancements in both these aspects. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source, as these cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, yet do not raise the ethical and practical concerns associated with other types of stem cells. In turn, advanced bioengineered in vitro models such as microfluidics, Organs-on-a-Chip, scaffolds, bioprinting and organoids are bringing researchers ever closer to mimicking complex in vivo environments, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures. This review covers each of these advancements separately and discusses how the integration of MSCs into novel in vitro platforms may contribute enormously to clinical and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Afflerbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D. Kiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Tahir Detinis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Ben M. Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Prpar Mihevc S, Kokondoska Grgich V, Kopitar AN, Mohorič L, Majdič G. Neural differentiation of canine mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:282. [PMID: 32778115 PMCID: PMC7418429 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of adipose tissue-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate in neural lineages promises progress in the field of regenerative medicine, especially for replacing neuronal tissue damaged by different neurological disorders. Reprogramming of ASCs can be induced by the growth medium with neurogenic inductors and specific growth factors. We investigated the neural differentiation potential of canine ASCs using several growth media (KEM, NIMa, NIMb, NIMc) containing various combinations of neurogenic inductors: B27 supplement, valproic acid, forskolin, N2-supplement, and retinoic acid. Cells were first preconditioned in the pre-differentiation neural induction medium (mitogenically stimulated; STIM1), followed by the induction of neuronal differentiation. RESULTS After 3, 6, and 9 days of neural induction, elongated neural-like cells with bipolar elongations were observed, and some oval cells with light nuclei appeared. The expression of neuronal markers tubulin beta III (TUBB3), neurofilament H (NF-H), microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was observed using immunocytochemistry, which confirmed the differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed high GFAP expression (between 70 and 90% of all cells) after cells had been growing three days in the neural induction medium a (NIMa). Around 25% of all cells also expressed adult neuronal markers NF-H and MAP2. After nine days of ASCs differentiation, the expression of all neural markers was reduced. There were no differences between the neural differentiation of ASCs isolated from female or male dogs. CONCLUSIONS The differentiation repertoire of canine ASCs extends beyond mesodermal lineages. Using a defined neural induction medium, the canine ASCs differentiated into neural lineages and expressed markers of neuronal and glial cells, and also displayed the typical neuronal morphology. Differentiated ASCs can thus be a source of neural cellular lineages for the regenerative therapy of nerve damage and could be useful in the future for therapy or the modelling of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Prpar Mihevc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Kokondoska Grgich
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Nataša Kopitar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Mohorič
- Animacel Ltd, Mivka 34, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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11
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Luck J, Weil BD, Lowdell M, Mosahebi A. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Wound Healing Applications: Understanding the Clinical and Regulatory Environment. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:784-799. [PMID: 31406975 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the regenerative potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for wound healing applications. ADSCs have been shown to promote revascularization, activate local stem cell niches, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate immune responses. Combined with the fact that they can be harvested in large numbers with minimal donor site morbidity, ADSC products represent promising regenerative cell therapies. This article provides a detailed description of the defining characteristics and therapeutic potential of ADSCs, with a focus on understanding how ADSCs promote tissue regeneration and repair. It summarizes the current regulatory environment governing the use of ADSC products across Europe and the United States and examines how various adipose-derived products conform to the current UK legislative framework. Advice is given to clinicians and researchers on how novel ADSC therapeutics may be developed in accordance with regulatory guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D Weil
- Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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12
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Asgari V, Landarani-Isfahani A, Salehi H, Amirpour N, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M, Bahramian H. Direct Conjugation of Retinoic Acid with Gold Nanoparticles to Improve Neural Differentiation of Human Adipose Stem Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1836-1850. [PMID: 32514739 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed as useful medical carriers in the field of regenerative medicine. This study aimed to assess the direct conjugation ability of retinoic acid (RA) with AuNPs and to develop a strategy to differentiate the human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) into neurons using AuNPs-RA. The physical properties of this nanocarrier were characterized using FT-IR, TEM, and FE-SEM. Moreover, the efficiency of RA conjugation on AuNPs was determined at 99% using UV-Vis spectroscopy. According to the MTT assay, an RA concentration of 66 μM caused a 50% inhibition of cell viability and AuNPs were not cytotoxic in concentrations below 5 μg/ml. Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry proved that AuNPs-RA is able to increase the expression of neuronal marker genes and the number of neuronal protein (GFAP and MAP2)-positive cells, 14 days post-induction of hADSCs. Taken together, these results confirmed that the AuNPs-RA promote the neuronal differentiation of hADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Asgari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Bahramian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Karakaş N, Bay S, Türkel N, Öztunç N, Öncül M, Bilgen H, Shah K, Şahin F, Öztürk G. Neurons from human mesenchymal stem cells display both spontaneous and stimuli responsive activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228510. [PMID: 32407317 PMCID: PMC7224507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to transdifferentiate into neurons and therefore one of the potential adult stem cell source for neuronal tissue regeneration applications and understanding neurodevelopmental processes. In many studies on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) derived neurons, success in neuronal differentiation was limited to neuronal protein expressions which is not statisfactory in terms of neuronal activity. Established neuronal networks seen in culture have to be investigated in terms of synaptic signal transmission ability to develop a culture model for human neurons and further studying the mechanism of neuronal differentiation and neurological pathologies. Accordingly, in this study, we analysed the functionality of bone marrow hMSCs differentiated into neurons by a single step cytokine-based induction protocol. Neurons from both primary hMSCs and hMSC cell line displayed spontaneous activity (≥75%) as demonstrated by Ca++ imaging. Furthermore, when electrically stimulated, hMSC derived neurons (hMd-Neurons) matched the response of a typical neuron in the process of maturation. Our results reveal that a combination of neuronal inducers enhance differentiation capacity of bone marrow hMSCs into high yielding functional neurons with spontaneous activity and mature into electrophysiologically active state. Conceptually, we suggest these functional hMd-Neurons to be used as a tool for disease modelling of neuropathologies and neuronal differentiation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Karakaş
- Medical Biology Department, School of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Sadık Bay
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nezaket Türkel
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurşah Öztunç
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Medical Biology and Genetics Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Öncül
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Bilgen
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, İstanbul Medipol University Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Physiology Department, International School of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
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14
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Zhou LN, Wang JC, Zilundu PLM, Wang YQ, Guo WP, Zhang SX, Luo H, Zhou JH, Deng RD, Chen DF. A comparison of the use of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32272974 PMCID: PMC7147018 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, it has repeatedly been demonstrated that infusing bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) into acellular nerve scaffolds can promote and support axon regeneration through a peripheral nerve defect. However, harvesting BMSCs is an invasive and painful process fraught with a low cellular yield. Methods In pursuit of alternative stem cell sources, we isolated stem cells from the inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue of adult Sprague–Dawley rats (adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs). We used a co-culture system that allows isolated adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) to grow in the same culture medium but without direct cellular contact. We verified SC phenotype in vitro by cell marker analysis and used red fluorescent protein-tagged ADSCs to detect their fate after being injected into a chemically extracted acellular nerve allograft (CEANA). To compare the regenerative effects of CEANA containing either BMSCs or ADSCs with an autograft and CEANA only on the sciatic nerve defect in vivo, we performed histological and functional assessments up to 16 weeks after grafting. Results In vitro, we observed reciprocal beneficial effects of ADSCs and SCs in the ADSC–SC co-culture system. Moreover, ADSCs were able to survive in CEANA for 5 days after in vitro implantation. Sixteen weeks after grafting, all results consistently showed that CEANA infused with BMSCs or ADSCs enhanced injured sciatic nerve repair compared to the acellular CEANA-only treatment. Furthermore, their beneficial effects on sciatic injury regeneration were comparable as histological and functional parameters evaluated showed no statistically significant differences. However, the autograft group was roundly superior to both the BMSC- or ADSC-loaded CEANA groups. Conclusion The results of the present study show that ADSCs are a viable alternative stem cell source for treating sciatic nerve injury in lieu of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ya Qiong Wang
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ping Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai Xia Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Hong Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru Dong Deng
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Valproic Acid Promotes Early Neural Differentiation in Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Protein Signalling Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030619. [PMID: 32143420 PMCID: PMC7140408 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a rapidly expanding area in research and clinical applications. Therapies involving the use of small molecule chemicals aim to simplify the creation of specific drugs for clinical applications. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have recently shown the capacity to differentiate into several cell types applicable for regenerative medicine (specifically neural cells, using chemicals). Valproic acid was an ideal candidate due to its clinical stability. It has been implicated in the induction of neural differentiation; however, the mechanism and the downstream events were not known. In this study, we showed that using valproic acid on adult mesenchymal stem cells induced neural differentiation within 24 h by upregulating the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), without increasing the potential death rate of the cells. Through this, the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is downregulated, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is activated. The bioinformatics analyses revealed the expression of several neuro-specific proteins as well as a range of functional and structural proteins involved in the formation and development of the neural cells.
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16
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George S, Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neuroglia: in the Context of Cell Signalling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:814-826. [PMID: 31515658 PMCID: PMC6925073 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The promise of engineering specific cell types from stem cells and rebuilding damaged or diseased tissues has fascinated stem cell researchers and clinicians over last few decades. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into non-mesodermal cells, particularly neural-lineage, consisting of neurons and glia. These multipotent adult stem cells can be used for implementing clinical trials in neural repair. Ongoing research identifies several molecular mechanisms involved in the speciation of neuroglia, which are tightly regulated and interconnected by various components of cell signalling machinery. Growing MSCs with multiple inducers in culture media will initiate changes on intricately interlinked cell signalling pathways and processes. Net result of these signal flow on cellular architecture is also dependent on the type of ligands and stem cells investigated in vitro. However, our understanding about this dynamic signalling machinery is limited and confounding, especially with spheroid structures, neurospheres and organoids. Therefore, the results for differentiating neurons and glia in vitro have been inconclusive, so far. Added to this complication, we have no convincing evidence about the electrical conductivity and functionality status generated in differentiating neurons and glia. This review has taken a step forward to tailor the information on differentiating neuroglia with the common methodologies, in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan George
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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17
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Radhakrishnan S, Trentz OA, Reddy MS, Rela M, Kandasamy M, Sellathamby S. In vitro transdifferentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells to neural lineage cells - a stage-specific incidence. Adipocyte 2019; 8:164-177. [PMID: 31033391 PMCID: PMC6768268 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1607424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present Study investigated the intrinsic ability of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their neural transdifferentiation in a stage-specific manner. Woodbury’s Chemical induction was implemented with modifications to achieve neural transdifferentiation. In Group I, ADSCs were preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and later, with neural induction medium (NIM). In Group II, ADSCs were directly treated with NIM. In Group III, a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-azacytidine was applied to understand whether transdifferentiation is controlled by epigenetic marks. Irrespective of the presence of (β-ME), the differentiation protocol resulted in glial-lineage cells. Group III produced poorly -differentiated neural cells with neuron-specific enolase positivity. A neuroprogenitor stage (NPC) was identified at d 11 after induction only in Group I. In other groups, this stage was not morphologically distinct. We explored the stage-specific incidence NPC, by alternatively treating them with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and antioxidants to validate if different signalling could cause varied outcomes (Group IV). They differentiated into neurons, as defined by cell polarity and expression of specific proteins. Meanwhile, neuroprogenitors exposed to NIM (Group I) produced glial-lineage cells. Further refinement and study of the occurrence and terminal differentiation of neuroprogenitors would identify a promising source for neural tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathra Radhakrishnan
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Omana Anna Trentz
- MIOT Institute of Research (MIR), MIOT International, Chennai, India
| | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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18
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Yoshida Y, Matsubara H, Fang X, Hayashi K, Nomura I, Ugaji S, Hamada T, Tsuchiya H. Adipose-derived stem cell sheets accelerate bone healing in rat femoral defects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214488. [PMID: 30921414 PMCID: PMC6438603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether both adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) and osteogenic-induced ADSC sheets could promote bone healing in a rat distal femoral metaphysis bone defect model. A through-hole defect of 1 mm diameter was drilled into each distal femur of 12 week old rats. Forty-five rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) control group; (2) ADSC sheet group; or (3) osteogenic-induced ADSC sheet group. We evaluated each group by analysis of computerized tomography scans every week after the surgery, histological analysis, and DiI labeling (a method of membrane staining for post implant cell tracing). Radiological and histological evaluations showed that a part of the hole persisted in the control group at four weeks after surgery, whereas the hole was restored almost completely by new bone formation in both sheet groups. The mean value of bone density (in Houndsfield units) for the bone defect area was significantly higher in both sheet groups than that in the control group (p = 0.05) at four weeks postoperative. A large number of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts were observed at the area of bone defect, especially in the osteogenic-induced ADCS sheet group. DiI labeling in the newly formed bone showed that each sheet had differentiated into bone tissue at four weeks after surgery. The ADSC and the osteogenic-induced ADSC sheets promoted significantly quicker bone healing in the bone defect. Moreover, the osteogenic-induced ADSC sheet may be more advantageous for bone healing than the ADSC sheet because of the higher number of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts via the transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsubara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Issei Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ugaji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomo Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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19
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Santos J, Milthorpe BK, Padula MP. Proteomic Analysis of Cyclic Ketamine Compounds Ability to Induce Neural Differentiation in Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030523. [PMID: 30691166 PMCID: PMC6387408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural regeneration is of great interest due to its potential to treat traumatic brain injuries and diseases that impact quality of life. Growth factor mediated differentiation can take up to several weeks to months to produce the cell of interest whereas chemical stimulation may be as minimal as a few hours. The smaller time scale is of great clinical relevance. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were treated for up to 24 h with a novel differentiation media containing the cyclic ketamine compounds to direct neurogenic induction. The extent of differentiation was investigated by proteome changes occurring during the process. The treatments indicated the ADSCs responded favorably to the neurogenic induction media by presenting a number of morphological cues of neuronal phenotype previously seen and a higher cell population post induction compared to previous studies. Furthermore, approximately 3500 proteins were analyzed and identified by mass spectrometric iTRAQ analyses. The bioinformatics analyses revealed hundreds of proteins whose expression level changes were statistically significant and biologically relevant to neurogenesis and annotated as being involved in neurogenic development. Complementing this, the Bioplex cytokine assay profiles present evidence of decreased panel of stress response cytokines and a relative increase in those involved in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
- CIRIMAT, Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse 3 (INPT), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruce Kenneth Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
| | - Matthew Paul Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
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20
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Rivera-Izquierdo M, Cabeza L, Láinez-Ramos-Bossini A, Quesada R, Perazzoli G, Alvarez P, Prados J, Melguizo C. An updated review of adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells and their applications in musculoskeletal disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:233-248. [PMID: 30653367 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1563069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) represent a new therapeutic strategy in biomedicine with many potential applications, especially in musculoskeletal disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies based on the administration of ASCs support their efficacy in bone regeneration, joint repair, tendon injury and skeletal muscle alterations. Many of these novel treatments may improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. However, several concerns about the use of stem cells remain unsolved, particularly regarding their safety and side effects. The present work aims to review the nature, clinical trials and patents involving the use of ASCs in musculoskeletal disorders. AREAS COVERED In this article, we describe ASCs' isolation, culture and differentiation in vivo and in vitro, advances on ASCs' applications in bone, cartilage, muscle and tendon repair, and patents involving the use of ASCs. EXPERT OPINION The use of ASCs in musculoskeletal disorders presents significant therapeutic advantages, including limited autoimmune response, potential cell expansion ex vivo, high plasticity to differentiate into several mesodermal cell lineages, and additional effects of therapeutic interest such as secretion of neurotrophic factors and anti-inflammatory properties. For these reasons, ASCs are promising therapeutic agents for clinical applications in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rivera-Izquierdo
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS GRANADA) , SAS -Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Antonio Láinez-Ramos-Bossini
- c Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS GRANADA) , SAS -Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain.,d Department of Radiology , Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves , Granada , Spain
| | - Raul Quesada
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS GRANADA) , SAS -Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- b Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Pablo Alvarez
- b Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS GRANADA) , SAS -Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,c Biosanitary Institute of Granada (IBS GRANADA) , SAS -Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain
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21
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Lee KH, Pyeon HJ, Nam H, Won JS, Hwang JY, Lee KA, Yeon JY, Hong SC, Nam DH, Lee K, Lee SH, Joo KM. Significant therapeutic effects of adult human multipotent neural cells on spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res 2018; 31:71-78. [PMID: 30031233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells are emerging as a regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI), since they differentiate into functional neural cells and secrete beneficial paracrine factors into the damaged microenvironment. Previously, we successfully isolated and cultured adult human multipotent neural cells (ahMNCs) from the temporal lobes of epileptic patients. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy and treatment mechanism of ahMNCs for SCI using rodent models. When 1 × 106 ahMNCs were transplanted into injured spinal cords at 7 days after contusion, the injection group showed significantly better functional recovery than the control group (media injection after contusion), which was determined by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score. Although transplanted ahMNCs disappeared continuously, remained cells expressed differentiated neural cell markers (Tuj1) or astrocyte marker (GFAP) in the injured spinal cords. Moreover, the number of CD31-positive microvessels significantly increased in the injection group than that of the control group. The paracrine pro-angiogenic activities of ahMNCs were confirmed by in vitro tube formation assay and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. Together, these results indicate that ahMNCs have significant therapeutic efficacy in SCI via replacement of damaged neural cells and pro-angiogenic effects on the microenvironment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Hang Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jang Pyeon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Seob Won
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyung-A Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Je Young Yeon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chyul Hong
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
| | - Kyeung-Min Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
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Patschan D, Buschmann I, Ritter O, Kribben A. Cell-Based Therapies in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:673-681. [PMID: 29734169 DOI: 10.1159/000489624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury frequently occurs in hospitalized patients all over the world. The prognosis remains poor since specific therapies for promoting kidney regeneration/repair are still missing. In recent years cell-based strategies have improved AKI outcomes under experimental circumstances. Four groups of cells, each of them displaying certain biological and functional characteristics have been evaluated in AKI, induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Spermatagonial Stem Cells (SSCs), Proangiogenic Cells (PACs) and Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFCs), and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). All of these have been documented to stabilize either parameters of kidney excretory dysfunction and/or certain morphological parameters. The mechanisms responsible for AKI protection include direct (cell incorporation) and indirect processes, the latter being mediated by humoral factors and particularly by the production of so-called extracellular vesicles. Cell-derived vesicular organelles have been shown to carry pro-regenerative micro-RNA molecules which stabilize the vascular and tubular function. The first trials in humans have been initiated, the majority of such trials employs MSCs. However, any transfer of cell-based strategies in the clinical practice is potentially associated with significant difficulties. These include cell availability, tolerance and competence. The article intends to summarize essential informations about all of the four populations mentioned above and to discuss implications for the management of human AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Patschan
- Innere Medizin I, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hoch-schule Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany,
| | - Ivo Buschmann
- Innere Medizin I, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hoch-schule Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Innere Medizin I, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hoch-schule Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Klinik für Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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23
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Zinc Promotes Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation towards a Neuronal Fate. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5736535. [PMID: 29765417 PMCID: PMC5932442 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5736535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential element required for cell division, migration, and proliferation. Under zinc-deficient conditions, proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors are significantly impaired. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc on AD-MSC proliferation and differentiation. We initially examined the effect of zinc on stem cell proliferation at the undifferentiated stage. AD-MSCs showed high proliferation rates on day 6 in 30 μM and 100 μM of ZnCl2. Zinc chelation inhibited AD-MSC proliferation via downregulation of ERK1/2 activity. We then assessed whether zinc was involved in cell migration and neurite outgrowth during differentiation. After three days of neuronal differentiation, TUJ-1-positive cells were observed, implying that AD-MSCs had differentiated into early neuron or neuron-like cells. Neurite outgrowth was increased in the zinc-treated group, while the CaEDTA-treated group showed diminished, shrunken neurites. Furthermore, we showed that zinc promoted neurite outgrowth via the inactivation of RhoA and led to the induction of neuronal gene expression (MAP2 and nestin) in differentiated stem cells. Taken together, zinc promoted AD-MSC proliferation and affected neuronal differentiation, mainly by increasing neurite outgrowth.
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Fesharaki M, Razavi S, Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Behjati M, Yarahmadian R, Kazemi M, Hejazi H. Differentiation of Human Scalp Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mature Neural Cells on Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering Applications. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:168-176. [PMID: 29633593 PMCID: PMC5893287 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to isolate and culture SADS cells, investigate their neurogenic capacity and evaluate their
application for nerve tissue engineering.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, SADS cells were isolated from human adipose tissue. After 7-day
treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and isobutylmethylxanthine, neurogenic differentiation of SADS cells was
investigated. During this study, Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using
electrospinning and subsequently nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). SADS cells were also
seeded on nanofibrous scaffolds and neurogentic differentiation of these cells on nanofibers was also evaluated. Effect of PRP
on proliferation and differentiation of SADS cells on scaffolds was also studied.
Results Our results showed that after 7-day treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and
isobutylmethylxanthine, SADS cells expressed markers characteristic of neural cells such as nestin and neuron specific
nuclear protein (NEUN) (as early neuronal markers) as well as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neuronal
microtubule-associated (TAU) (as mature neuronal markers) while mature astrocyte maker (GFAP) was not expressed.
MTT assay and SEM results showed that incorporation of gelatin and PRP into the structure of nanofibrous scaffolds
has a significant positive influence on the bioactivity of scaffolds. Our results also showed neurogentic differentiation
of SADS cells on scaffolds.
Conclusion Our results demonstrated that SADS cells have potential to differentiate into early and mature progenitor
neurons, in vitro. PCL/gelatin/PRP was found to be a promising substrate for proliferation of SADS cells and differentiation
of these cells into neural cells which make these scaffolds a candidate for further in vivo experiments and suggest their
application for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafarin Fesharaki
- Department of Cell Sciences Research Center Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Ghasemi-Mobarakeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Yarahmadian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Santos J, Milthorpe BK, Herbert BR, Padula MP. Proteomic Analysis of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells during Small Molecule Chemical Stimulated Pre-neuronal Differentiation. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:193-217. [PMID: 28844130 PMCID: PMC5741201 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are acquired from abdominal liposuction yielding a thousand fold more stem cells per millilitre than those from bone marrow. A large research void exists as to whether ADSCs are capable of transdermal differentiation toward neuronal phenotypes. Previous studies have investigated the use of chemical cocktails with varying inconclusive results. Methods Human ADSCs were treated with a chemical stimulant, beta-mercaptoethanol, to direct them toward a neuronal-like lineage within 24 hours. Quantitative proteomics using iTRAQ was then performed to ascertain protein abundance differences between ADSCs, beta-mercaptoethanol treated ADSCs and a glioblastoma cell line. Results The soluble proteome of ADSCs differentiated for 12 hours and 24 hours was significantly different from basal ADSCs and control cells, expressing a number of remodeling, neuroprotective and neuroproliferative proteins. However toward the later time point presented stress and shock related proteins were observed to be up regulated with a large down regulation of structural proteins. Cytokine profiles support a large cellular remodeling shift as well indicating cellular distress. Conclusion The earlier time point indicates an initiation of differentiation. At the latter time point there is a vast loss of cell population during treatment. At 24 hours drastically decreased cytokine profiles and overexpression of stress proteins reveal that exposure to beta-mercaptoethanol beyond 24 hours may not be suitable for clinical application as our results indicate that the cells are in trauma whilst producing neuronal-like morphologies. The shorter treatment time is promising, indicating a reducing agent has fast acting potential to initiate neuronal differentiation of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce K Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin R Herbert
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Tang BL. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapy – a perspective on cell biological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:725-738. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation have demonstrated procedural safety and clinical proof of principle with a modest indication of benefit in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While replacement therapy remained unrealistic, the clinical efficacy of this therapeutic option could be potentially enhanced if we could better decipher the mechanisms underlying some of the beneficial effects of transplanted cells, and work toward augmenting or combining these in a strategic manner. Novel ways whereby MSCs could act in modifying disease progression should also be explored. In this review, I discuss the known, emerging and postulated mechanisms of action underlying effects that transplanted MSCs may exert to promote motor neuron survival and/or to encourage regeneration in ALS. I shall also speculate on how transplanted cells may alter the diseased environment so as to minimize non-neuron cell autonomous damages by immune cells and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Amirpour N, Razavi S, Esfandiari E, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M, Salehi H. Hanging drop culture enhances differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into anterior neuroectodermal cells using small molecules. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 59:21-30. [PMID: 28285945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by in vivo developmental process, several studies were conducted to design a protocol for differentiating of mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells in vitro. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) as mesenchymal stem cells are a promising source for this purpose. At current study, we applied a defined neural induction medium by using small molecules for direct differentiation of hADSCs into anterior neuroectodermal cells. Anterior neuroectodermal differentiation of hADSCs was performed by hanging drop and monolayer protocols. At these methods, three small molecules were used to suppress the BMP, Nodal, and Wnt signaling pathways in order to obtain anterior neuroectodermal (eye field) cells from hADSCs. After two and three weeks of induction, the differentiated cells with neural morphology expressed anterior neuroectodermal markers such as OTX2, SIX3, β-TUB III and PAX6. The protein expression of such markers was confirmed by real time, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods According to our data, it seems that the hanging drop method is a proper approach for neuroectodermal induction of hADSCs. Considering wide availability and immunosuppressive properties of hADSCs, these cells may open a way for autologous cell therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batoul Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Lim JH, Koh S, Thomas R, Breen M, Olby NJ. Evaluation of gene expression and DNA copy number profiles of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells and consecutive neurosphere-like cells generated from dogs with naturally occurring spinal cord injury. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:371-380. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.3.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Regeneration: From Cell Priming to Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3945403. [PMID: 28303152 PMCID: PMC5337882 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3945403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of death among chronic diseases worldwide is ischemic cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Recent evidence indicates that adult stem cell therapies involving cardiovascular regeneration represent promising strategies to treat cardiovascular diseases. Owing to their immunomodulatory properties and vascular repair capabilities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are strong candidate therapeutic stem cells for use in cardiovascular regeneration. However, major limitations must be overcome, including their very low survival rate in ischemic lesion. Various attempts have been made to improve the poor survival and longevity of engrafted MSCs. In order to develop novel therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to first identify stem cell modulators for intracellular signal triggering or niche activation. One promising therapeutic strategy is the priming of therapeutic MSCs with stem cell modulators before transplantation. Another is a tissue engineering-based therapeutic strategy involving a cell scaffold, a cell-protein-scaffold architecture made of biomaterials such as ECM or hydrogel, and cell patch- and 3D printing-based tissue engineering. This review focuses on the current clinical applications of MSCs for treating cardiovascular diseases and highlights several therapeutic strategies for promoting the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in vitro or in vivo from cell priming to tissue engineering strategies, for use in cardiovascular regeneration.
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Salehi H, Amirpour N, Niapour A, Razavi S. An Overview of Neural Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:26-41. [PMID: 26490462 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is wide interest in application of adult stem cells due to easy to obtain with a minimal patient discomfort, capable of producing cell numbers in large quantities and their immunocompatible properties without restriction by ethical concerns. Among these stem cells, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue are considered as an ideal source for various regenerative medicine. In spite of mesodermal origin of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), these cells have differentiation potential toward mesodermal and non-mesodermal lineages. Up to now, several studies have shown that hADSCs can undergo transdifferentiation and produce cells outside of their lineage, especially into neural cells when they are transferred to a specific cell environment. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the existing state of knowledge of the differentiation potential of hADSCs, specifically their ability to give rise to neuronal cells. The following review discusses different protocols considered for differentiation of hADSCs to neural cells, the neural markers that are used in each procedure and possible mechanisms that are involved in this differentiation.
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31
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Pramanik S, Sulistio YA, Heese K. Neurotrophin Signaling and Stem Cells-Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stem Cell Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7401-7459. [PMID: 27815842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are members of a neuronal growth factor protein family whose action is mediated by the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) receptor family receptors and the p75 NT receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Although NTs were first discovered in neurons, recent studies have suggested that NTs and their receptors are expressed in various types of stem cells mediating pivotal signaling events in stem cell biology. The concept of stem cell therapy has already attracted much attention as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Strikingly, NTs, proNTs, and their receptors are gaining interest as key regulators of stem cells differentiation, survival, self-renewal, plasticity, and migration. In this review, we elaborate the recent progress in understanding of NTs and their action on various stem cells. First, we provide current knowledge of NTs, proNTs, and their receptor isoforms and signaling pathways. Subsequently, we describe recent advances in the understanding of NT activities in various stem cells and their role in NDs, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Finally, we compile the implications of NTs and stem cells from a clinical perspective and discuss the challenges with regard to transplantation therapy for treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Functional Characteristics of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Pituitary Adenomas. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7103720. [PMID: 27340409 PMCID: PMC4909910 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7103720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are one of the most common endocrine and intracranial neoplasms. Although they are theoretically monoclonal in origin, several studies have shown that they contain different multipotent cell types that are thought to play an important role in tumor initiation, maintenance, and recurrence after therapy. In the present study, we isolated and characterized cell populations from seven pituitary somatotroph, nonhormonal, and lactotroph adenomas. The obtained cells showed characteristics of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells as observed by cell morphology, cell surface marker CD90, CD105, CD44, and vimentin expression, as well as differentiation to osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. They are capable of growth and passaging under standard laboratory cell culture conditions and do not manifest any hormonal cell characteristics. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are present in pituitary adenomas regardless of their clinical manifestation and show no considerable expression of somatostatin 1–5 and dopamine 2 receptors. Most likely obtained cells are a part of tissue-supportive cells in pituitary adenoma microenvironment.
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Neural Stem Cell Therapy and Rehabilitation in the Central Nervous System: Emerging Partnerships. Phys Ther 2016; 96:734-42. [PMID: 26847015 PMCID: PMC6281018 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of regenerative medicine is to restore function through therapy at levels such as the gene, cell, tissue, or organ. For many disorders, however, regenerative medicine approaches in isolation may not be optimally effective. Rehabilitation is a promising adjunct therapy given the beneficial impact that physical activity and other training modalities can offer. Accordingly, "regenerative rehabilitation" is an emerging concentration of study, with the specific goal of improving positive functional outcomes by enhancing tissue restoration following injury. This article focuses on one emerging example of regenerative rehabilitation-namely, the integration of clinically based protocols with stem cell technologies following central nervous system injury. For the purposes of this review, the state of stem cell technologies for the central nervous system is summarized, and a rationale for a synergistic benefit of carefully orchestrated rehabilitation protocols in conjunction with cellular therapies is provided. An overview of practical steps to increase the involvement of physical therapy in regenerative rehabilitation research also is provided.
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34
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Kozdon K, Fitchett C, Rose GE, Ezra DG, Bailly M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Properties of Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5743-50. [PMID: 26325413 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a sight-threatening autoimmune disorder causing extraocular muscle fibrosis, upper lid retraction and eye bulging due to orbital fat expansion. These clinical features are mediated by aspects of orbital fibroblasts differentiation, including adipogenesis and fibrosis. Our previous work suggested that this dual phenotype might be a manifestation of mixed cell populations, partially linked to the expression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker CD90. Thus, we set out to determine whether GO orbital fibroblasts displayed MSC properties. METHODS Control and GO orbital fibroblasts previously characterized for CD90 and CD45 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry for classical MSC positive (CD73, CD105) and negative (CD14, CD19, HLA-DR, and CD34) markers. Graves' orbitopathy fibroblasts were tested further for their ability to undergo lineage specific differentiation following standard protocols. RESULTS Control and GO fibroblasts strongly expressed CD73 and CD105, with a higher percentage of positive cells and stronger expression levels in GO. Neither cell type expresses CD14, CD19, and HLA-DR. Protein CD34 was expressed at low levels by 45% to 70% of the cells, with its expression significantly lower in GO cells. Graves' orbitopathy fibroblasts displayed features of osteogenesis (calcium deposits, and osteocalcin [BGLAP] and osteonectin [SPARC] expression), chondrogenesis (glycosaminoglycan production; SOX9 and aggrecan [ACAN] expression), myogenesis (α-smooth muscle actin expression), and neurogenesis (β-III tubulin expression) upon differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that orbital fibroblasts contain a population of cells that fulfil the criteria defining MSC. This subpopulation may be increased in GO, possibly underlying the complex differentiation phenotype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kozdon
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Fitchett
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey E Rose
- Orbital clinic, Moorfields Eye Hospital and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Ezra
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom 2Orbital clinic, Moorfields Eye Hospital and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and
| | - Maryse Bailly
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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35
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Rebuzzini P, Zuccotti M, Redi CA, Garagna S. Chromosomal Abnormalities in Embryonic and Somatic Stem Cells. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 147:1-9. [PMID: 26583376 DOI: 10.1159/000441645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of stem cells (SCs) for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, disease modeling, toxicological studies, drug delivery, and as in vitro model for the study of basic developmental processes implies large-scale in vitro culture. Here, after a brief description of the main techniques used for karyotype analysis, we will give a detailed overview of the chromosome abnormalities described in pluripotent (embryonic and induced pluripotent SCs) and somatic SCs, and the possible causes of their origin during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebuzzini
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitx00E0; degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Expressing the Neurogenin-2 Promote Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:657-67. [PMID: 26283493 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) is a proneural gene that directs neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells during development. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) over-expressing the Ngn2 transgene (Ngn2-ADSCs) could display the characteristics of neurogenic cells and improve functional recovery in an experimental rat model of SCI. ADSCs from rats were cultured and purified in vitro, followed by genetically modified with the Ngn2 gene. Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the control, ADSCs, and Ngn2-ADSCs groups. The hind-limb motor function of all rats was recorded using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale for 8 weeks. Moreover, hematoxylineosin staining and immunohistochemistry were also performed. After neural induction, positive expression rate of NeuN in Ngn2-ADSCs group was upon 90 %. Following transplantation, a great number of ADSCs was found around the center of the injury spinal cord at 1 and 4 weeks, which improved retention of tissue at the lesion site. Ngn2-ADSCs differentiated into neurons, indicated by the expression of neuronal markers, NeuN and Tuj1. Additionally, transplantation of Ngn2-ADSCs upregulated the trophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor), and inhibited the glial scar formation, which was indicated by immunohistochemistry with glial fibrillary acidic protein. Finally, Ngn2-ADSCs-treated animals showed the highest functional recovery among the three groups. These findings suggest that transplantation of Ngn2-overexpressed ADSCs promote the functional recovery from SCI, and improve the local microenvironment of injured cord in a more efficient way than that with ADSCs alone.
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Su X, Ling Y, Liu C, Meng F, Cao J, Zhang L, Zhou H, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Isolation, Culture, Differentiation, and Nuclear Reprogramming of Mongolian Sheep Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:288-96. [PMID: 26086202 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the differentiation potentiality and the developmental potential of cloned embryos of fetal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from Mongolian sheep. BMSCs were harvested by centrifuging after the explants method and the mononuclear cells obtained were cultured. The isolated BMSCs were uniform, with a fibroblast-like spindle or stellate appearance, and we confirmed expression of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG genes at passage 3 (P3) by RT-PCR. We measured the growth of the passage 1, 5, and 10 cultures and found exponential growth with a population doubling time of 29.7±0.05 h. We cultured the P3 BMSCs in vitro under inductive environments and were able to induce them to undergo neurogenesis and form cardiomyocytes and adipocytes. Donor cells at passages 3-4 were used for nuclear transfer (NT). We found the BMSCs could be expanded in vitro and used as nuclear donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Thus, BMSCs are an attractive cell type for large-animal autologous studies and will be valuable material for somatic cell cloning and future transgenic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Su
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yu Ling
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Junwei Cao
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Huanmin Zhou
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zongzheng Liu
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- 1 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot 010018, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hohhot 010018, China
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Zack-Williams SDL, Butler PE, Kalaskar DM. Current progress in use of adipose derived stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:51-64. [PMID: 25621105 PMCID: PMC4300936 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike central nervous system neurons; those in the peripheral nervous system have the potential for full regeneration after injury. Following injury, recovery is controlled by schwann cells which replicate and modulate the subsequent immune response. The level of nerve recovery is strongly linked to the severity of the initial injury despite the significant advancements in imaging and surgical techniques. Multiple experimental models have been used with varying successes to augment the natural regenerative processes which occur following nerve injury. Stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve injury may be an important future intervention to improve the best attainable clinical results. In particular adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells similar to bone marrow derived stem cells, which are thought to have neurotrophic properties and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. They are ubiquitous within adipose tissue; they can form many structures resembling the mature adult peripheral nervous system. Following early in vitro work; multiple small and large animal in vivo models have been used in conjunction with conduits, autografts and allografts to successfully bridge the peripheral nerve gap. Some of the ADSC related neuroprotective and regenerative properties have been elucidated however much work remains before a model can be used successfully in human peripheral nerve injury (PNI). This review aims to provide a detailed overview of progress made in the use of ADSC in PNI, with discussion on the role of a tissue engineered approach for PNI repair.
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39
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Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ASC): Their Efficacy in Clinical Applications. Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6542-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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40
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Müller J, Ossig C, Greiner JFW, Hauser S, Fauser M, Widera D, Kaltschmidt C, Storch A, Kaltschmidt B. Intrastriatal transplantation of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells improves functional outcome in parkinsonian rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 4:31-43. [PMID: 25479965 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered the second most frequent and one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases, with dysfunctions of the motor system and with nonmotor symptoms such as depression and dementia. Compensation for the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons during PD using current pharmacological treatment strategies is limited and remains challenging. Pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine may offer a promising therapeutic alternative, although the medical application of human embryonic tissue and pluripotent stem cells is still a matter of ethical and practical debate. Addressing these challenges, the present study investigated the potential of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells derived from the inferior turbinate (ITSCs) transplanted into a parkinsonian rat model. Emphasizing their capability to give rise to nervous tissue, ITSCs isolated from the adult human nose efficiently differentiated into functional mature neurons in vitro. Additional successful dopaminergic differentiation of ITSCs was subsequently followed by their transplantation into a unilaterally lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine rat PD model. Transplantation of predifferentiated or undifferentiated ITSCs led to robust restoration of rotational behavior, accompanied by significant recovery of DA neurons within the substantia nigra. ITSCs were further shown to migrate extensively in loose streams primarily toward the posterior direction as far as to the midbrain region, at which point they were able to differentiate into DA neurons within the locus ceruleus. We demonstrate, for the first time, that adult human ITSCs are capable of functionally recovering a PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Müller
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christiana Ossig
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Darius Widera
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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Ikegame Y, Yamashita K, Nakashima S, Nomura Y, Yonezawa S, Asano Y, Shinoda J, Hara H, Iwama T. Fate of graft cells: what should be clarified for development of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke? Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:322. [PMID: 25374506 PMCID: PMC4204523 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are believed to be promising for cell administration therapy after ischemic stroke. Because of their advantageous characteristics, such as ability of differentiation into neurovascular lineages, avoidance of immunological problems, and abundance of graft cells in mesodermal tissues, studies regarding MSC therapy have increased recently. However, several controversies are yet to be resolved before a worldwide consensus regarding a standard protocol is obtained. In particular, the neuroprotective effects, the rate of cell migration to the lesion, and differentiation direction differ depending on preclinical observations. Analyses of these differences and application of recent developments in stem cell biology or engineering in imaging modality may contribute to identification of criteria for optimal stem cell therapy in which reliable protocols, which control cell quality and include safe administration procedures, are defined for each recovery phase after cerebral ischemia. In this mini review, we examine controversies regarding the fate of grafts and the prospects for advanced therapy that could be obtained through recent developments in stem cell research as direct conversion to neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikegame
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction Gifu, Japan ; Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu, Japan ; Department of Cell Signaling, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu, Japan ; Department of Neurosurgery, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakashima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction Gifu, Japan
| | - Shingo Yonezawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Asano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction Gifu, Japan ; Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu, Japan
| | - Jun Shinoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction Gifu, Japan ; Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu, Japan
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42
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Baig AM. Designer's microglia with novel delivery system in neurodegenerative diseases. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:510-2. [PMID: 25146247 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of central nervous system diseases that have a high rate of morbidity and mortality. More disabling than lethal, the pathogenesis of many of these diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple sclerosis, (MS) remains to be established. Even after passage of several decades subsequent to their first recognition, these diseases have proven to be notoriously refractory towards drug treatment. Stem cell therapy itself has faced problems like ethical issues with such transplants, difficult and risky implantation routes and immune rejections of the implanted stem cells. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) offers a hope to the aforesaid diseases if the cells selected for nuclear donation itself has inherent regenerative and scavenging properties. Here we propose olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC's) as the donor somatic cell that conceivably would attempt regeneration in above mentioned diseases by differentiating into glia, which would have healthy mitochondria and without any fear of immune rejection. Also proposed is a method of delivering these cells after SCNT to the brain by a novel "transcribrial route" through a device that can deliver cells to the brain across the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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43
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Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1353-74. [PMID: 24158496 PMCID: PMC11113613 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can regenerate tissues by direct differentiation or indirectly by stimulating angiogenesis, limiting inflammation, and recruiting tissue-specific progenitor cells. MSCs emerge and multiply in long-term cultures of total cells from the bone marrow or multiple other organs. Such a derivation in vitro is simple and convenient, hence popular, but has long precluded understanding of the native identity, tissue distribution, frequency, and natural role of MSCs, which have been defined and validated exclusively in terms of surface marker expression and developmental potential in culture into bone, cartilage, and fat. Such simple, widely accepted criteria uniformly typify MSCs, even though some differences in potential exist, depending on tissue sources. Combined immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cell culture have allowed tracking the artifactual cultured mesenchymal stem/stromal cells back to perivascular anatomical regions. Presently, both pericytes enveloping microvessels and adventitial cells surrounding larger arteries and veins have been described as possible MSC forerunners. While such a vascular association would explain why MSCs have been isolated from virtually all tissues tested, the origin of the MSCs grown from umbilical cord blood remains unknown. In fact, most aspects of the biology of perivascular MSCs are still obscure, from the emergence of these cells in the embryo to the molecular control of their activity in adult tissues. Such dark areas have not compromised intents to use these cells in clinical settings though, in which purified perivascular cells already exhibit decisive advantages over conventional MSCs, including purity, thorough characterization and, principally, total independence from in vitro culture. A growing body of experimental data is currently paving the way to the medical usage of autologous sorted perivascular cells for indications in which MSCs have been previously contemplated or actually used, such as bone regeneration and cardiovascular tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R. Murray
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christopher C. West
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Winters R. Hardy
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tea Soon Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alan Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bruno Péault
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Yang Q, Du X, Fang Z, Xiong W, Li G, Liao H, Xiao J, Wang G, Li F. Effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on the neurogenesis of rat adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86334. [PMID: 24466033 PMCID: PMC3897681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) promotes neuron recruitment and neurogenic activity. However, no evidence suggests that CGRP affects the ability of stem cells to differentiate toward neurogenesis. In this study, we genetically modified rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with the CGRP gene (CGRP-ADSCs) and subsequently cultured in complete neural-induced medium. The formation of neurospheres, cellular morphology, and proliferative capacity of ADSCs were observed. In addition, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and special markers of neural cells, such as Nestin, MAP2, RIP and GFAP, were evaluated using Western blot and immunocytochemistry analysis. The CGRP-ADSCs displayed a greater proliferation than un-transduced (ADSCs) and Vector-transduced (Vector-ADSCs) ADSCs (p<0.05), and lower rates of apoptosis, associated with the incremental expression of Bcl-2, were also observed for CGRP-ADSCs. Moreover, upon neural induction, CGRP-ADSCs formed markedly more and larger neurospheres and showed round cell bodies with more branching extensions contacted with neighboring cells widely. Furthermore, the expression levels of Nestin, MAP2, and RIP in CGRP-ADSCs were markedly increased, resulting in higher levels than the other groups (p<0.05); however, GFAP was distinctly undetectable until day 7, when slight GFAP expression was detected among all groups. Wnt signals, primarily Wnt 3a, Wnt 5a and β-catenin, regulate the neural differentiation of ADSCs, and CGRP gene expression apparently depends on canonical Wnt signals to promote the neurogenesis of ADSCs. Consequently, ADSCs genetically modified with CGRP exhibit stronger potential for differentiation and neurogenesis in vitro, potentially reflecting the usefulness of ADSCs as seed cells in therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
| | - Xingli Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
| | - Zhong Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P R China
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Liu Z, Wang W, Gao J, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Isolation, culture, and induced multiple differentiation of Mongolian sheep bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:464-74. [PMID: 24399254 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to explore the optimal method of isolating, purifying, and proliferating Mongolian sheep bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their multiple differentiation potentialities. Bone marrow (BM) was punctured from ∼1-year-old sheep, and BMSCs were harvested through gradient centrifuge and adherent cultures. Analysis of the growth of the passage 1, 5, and 10 cultures revealed an S-shaped growth curve with a population doubling time of 31.2 h. Karyotyping indicated that the chromosome number in the Mongolian sheep was 2n = 54, comprising 26 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XY). RT-PCR demonstrated that OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog genes at passage 3 were positively expressed. The P3 BMSCs were cultured in vitro under inductive environments and induced into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, neural cells, and cardiomyocytes. Their differentiation properties were confirmed by histological staining, such as oil red, Alizarin red, hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, and periodic acid schiff. RT-PCR showed that the specific genes to be induced were all expressed. This proves that the isolated cells are indeed the BMSCs and also provides valuable materials for somatic cell cloning and transgenic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzheng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010018, China,
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Pêgo AP, Kubinova S, Cizkova D, Vanicky I, Mar FM, Sousa MM, Sykova E. Regenerative medicine for the treatment of spinal cord injury: more than just promises? J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2564-82. [PMID: 22805417 PMCID: PMC4118226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury triggers a complex set of events that lead to tissue healing without the restoration of normal function due to the poor regenerative capacity of the spinal cord. Nevertheless, current knowledge about the intrinsic regenerative ability of central nervous system axons, when in a supportive environment, has made the prospect of treating spinal cord injury a reality. Among the range of strategies under investigation, cell-based therapies offer the most promising results, due to the multifactorial roles that these cells can fulfil. However, the best cell source is still a matter of debate, as are clinical issues that include the optimal cell dose as well as the timing and route of administration. In this context, the role of biomaterials is gaining importance. These can not only act as vehicles for the administered cells but also, in the case of chronic lesions, can be used to fill the permanent cyst, thus creating a more favourable and conducive environment for axonal regeneration in addition to serving as local delivery systems of therapeutic agents to improve the regenerative milieu. Some of the candidate molecules for the future are discussed in view of the knowledge derived from studying the mechanisms that facilitate the intrinsic regenerative capacity of central nervous system neurons. The future challenge for the multidisciplinary teams working in the field is to translate the knowledge acquired in basic research into effective combinatorial therapies to be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pêgo
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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47
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De Schauwer C, Van de Walle GR, Van Soom A, Meyer E. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in horses: useful beyond orthopedic injuries? Vet Q 2013; 33:234-41. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2013.800250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Qu X, Liu T, Song K, Li X, Ge D. Differentiation of reprogrammed human adipose mesenchymal stem cells toward neural cells with defined transcription factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:552-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Seki A, Sakai Y, Komura T, Nasti A, Yoshida K, Higashimoto M, Honda M, Usui S, Takamura M, Takamura T, Ochiya T, Furuichi K, Wada T, Kaneko S. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a regenerative therapy for a mouse steatohepatitis-induced cirrhosis model. Hepatology 2013; 58:1133-42. [PMID: 23686813 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that impairs hepatic function and causes advanced fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells have gained recent popularity as a regenerative therapy since they possess immunomodulatory functions. We found that injected adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) reside in the liver. Injection of ADSCs also restores albumin expression in hepatic parenchymal cells and ameliorates fibrosis in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model of cirrhosis in mice. Gene expression analysis of the liver identifies up- and down-regulation of genes, indicating regeneration/repair and anti-inflammatory processes following ADSC injection. ADSC treatment also decreases the number of intrahepatic infiltrating CD11b(+) and Gr-1(+) cells and reduces the ratio of CD8(+) /CD4(+) cells in hepatic inflammatory cells. This is consistent with down-regulation of genes in hepatic inflammatory cells related to antigen presentation and helper T-cell activation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ADSC therapy is beneficial in cirrhosis, as it can repair and restore the function of the impaired liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Seki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan; Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Bossio C, Mastrangelo R, Morini R, Tonna N, Coco S, Verderio C, Matteoli M, Bianco F. A simple method to generate adipose stem cell-derived neurons for screening purposes. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:274-81. [PMID: 23468184 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Strategies involved in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation toward neuronal cells for screening purposes are characterized by quality and quantity issues. Differentiated cells are often scarce with respect to starting undifferentiated population, and the differentiation process is usually quite long, with high risk of contamination and low yield efficiency. Here, we describe a novel simple method to induce direct differentiation of MSCs into neuronal cells, without neurosphere formation. Differentiated cells are characterized by clear morphological changes, expression of neuronal specific markers, showing functional response to depolarizing stimuli and electrophysiological properties similar to those of developing neurons. The method described here represents a valuable tool for future strategies aimed at personalized screening of therapeutic agents in vitro.
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