1
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Grand RJ. SARS-CoV-2 and the DNA damage response. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001918. [PMID: 37948194 PMCID: PMC10768691 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by respiratory distress, multiorgan dysfunction and, in some cases, death. The virus is also responsible for post-COVID-19 condition (commonly referred to as 'long COVID'). SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with a genome of approximately 30 kb, which encodes 26 proteins. It has been reported to affect multiple pathways in infected cells, resulting, in many cases, in the induction of a 'cytokine storm' and cellular senescence. Perhaps because it is an RNA virus, replicating largely in the cytoplasm, the effect of SARS-Cov-2 on genome stability and DNA damage responses (DDRs) has received relatively little attention. However, it is now becoming clear that the virus causes damage to cellular DNA, as shown by the presence of micronuclei, DNA repair foci and increased comet tails in infected cells. This review considers recent evidence indicating how SARS-CoV-2 causes genome instability, deregulates the cell cycle and targets specific components of DDR pathways. The significance of the virus's ability to cause cellular senescence is also considered, as are the implications of genome instability for patients suffering from long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. Grand
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Science, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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2
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delas Peñas K, Dmitrieva M, Waithe D, Rittscher J. Annotation-free learning of a spatio-temporal manifold of the cell life cycle. BIOLOGICAL IMAGING 2023; 3:e19. [PMID: 38510168 PMCID: PMC10951929 DOI: 10.1017/s2633903x23000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The cell cycle is a complex biological phenomenon, which plays an important role in many cell biological processes and disease states. Machine learning is emerging to be a pivotal technique for the study of the cell cycle, resulting in a number of available tools and models for the analysis of the cell cycle. Most, however, heavily rely on expert annotations, prior knowledge of mechanisms, and imaging with several fluorescent markers to train their models. Many are also limited to processing only the spatial information in the cell images. In this work, we describe a different approach based on representation learning to construct a manifold of the cell life cycle. We trained our model such that the representations are learned without exhaustive annotations nor assumptions. Moreover, our model uses microscopy images derived from a single fluorescence channel and utilizes both the spatial and temporal information in these images. We show that even with fewer channels and self-supervision, information relevant to cell cycle analysis such as staging and estimation of cycle duration can still be extracted, which demonstrates the potential of our approach to aid future cell cycle studies and in discovery cell biology to probe and understand novel dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer delas Peñas
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Mariia Dmitrieva
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Waithe
- WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Rittscher
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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3
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Morales-Valencia J, Petit C, Calderon A, Saini S, David G. Chromatin-Associated SIN3B Protects Cancer Cells from Genotoxic Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Dictates DNA Damage Repair Pathway Choice. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:947-957. [PMID: 37314748 PMCID: PMC10527583 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcription and DNA damage repair act in a coordinated manner. The scaffolding protein SIN3B serves as a transcriptional co-repressor of hundreds of cell cycle-related genes. However, the contribution of SIN3B during the DNA damage response remains unknown. Here, we show that SIN3B inactivation delays the resolution of DNA double-strand breaks and sensitizes cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents, including the chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. Mechanistically, SIN3B is rapidly recruited to DNA damage sites where it directs the accumulation of Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint 1 (MDC1). In addition, we show that SIN3B inactivation favors the engagement of the alternative nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway over the canonical NHEJ. Altogether, our findings impute an unexpected function for the transcriptional co-repressor SIN3B as a gatekeeper of genomic integrity and a determining factor in the DNA repair choice pathway, and point to the inhibition of the SIN3B chromatin-modifying complex as a novel therapeutic vulnerability in cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS Identifying SIN3B as a modulator of DNA damage repair choice provides novel potential therapeutic avenues to sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Morales-Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Coralie Petit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Calderon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Siddharth Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gregory David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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4
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Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Jandoubi M, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Targeting Proliferation Signals and the Cell Cycle Machinery in Acute Leukemias: Novel Molecules on the Horizon. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031224. [PMID: 36770891 PMCID: PMC9920029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferative signals and cell cycle dysregulation due to genomic or functional alterations are important drivers of the expansion of undifferentiated blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Therefore, they are largely studied as potential therapeutic targets in the field. We here present the most recent advancements in the evaluation of novel compounds targeting cell cycle proteins or oncogenic mechanisms, including those showing an antiproliferative effect in acute leukemia, independently of the identification of a specific target. Several new kinase inhibitors have been synthesized that showed effectiveness in a nanomolar to micromolar concentration range as inhibitors of FLT3 and its mutant forms, a highly attractive therapeutic target due to its driver role in a significant fraction of AML cases. Moreover, we introduce novel molecules functioning as microtubule-depolymerizing or P53-restoring agents, G-quadruplex-stabilizing molecules and CDK2, CHK1, PI3Kδ, STAT5, BRD4 and BRPF1 inhibitors. We here discuss their mechanisms of action, including the downstream intracellular changes induced by in vitro treatment, hematopoietic toxicity, in vivo bio-availability and efficacy in murine xenograft models. The promising activity profile demonstrated by some of these candidates deserves further development towards clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per Scienza ONLUS, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Mouna Jandoubi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
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5
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The TRESLIN-MTBP complex couples completion of DNA replication with S/G2 transition. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3350-3365.e7. [PMID: 36049481 PMCID: PMC9506001 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that ATR kinase senses the completion of DNA replication to initiate the S/G2 transition. In contrast to this model, we show here that the TRESLIN-MTBP complex prevents a premature entry into G2 from early S-phase independently of ATR/CHK1 kinases. TRESLIN-MTBP acts transiently at pre-replication complexes (preRCs) to initiate origin firing and is released after the subsequent recruitment of CDC45. This dynamic behavior of TRESLIN-MTBP implements a monitoring system that checks the activation of replication forks and senses the rate of origin firing to prevent the entry into G2. This system detects the decline in the number of origins of replication that naturally occurs in very late S, which is the signature that cells use to determine the completion of DNA replication and permit the S/G2 transition. Our work introduces TRESLIN-MTBP as a key player in cell-cycle control independent of canonical checkpoints.
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ATR Contributes More Than ATM in Intra-S-Phase Checkpoint Activation after IR, and DNA-PKcs Facilitates Recovery: Evidence for Modular Integration of ATM/ATR/DNA-PKcs Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147506. [PMID: 35886852 PMCID: PMC9316047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intra-S-phase checkpoint was among the first reported cell cycle checkpoints in mammalian cells. It transiently slows down the rate of DNA replication after DNA damage to facilitate repair and thus prevents genomic instability. The ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intra-S-phase checkpoint in mammalian cells is thought to be mainly dependent upon the kinase activity of ATM. Defects in the intra-S-phase checkpoint result in radio-resistant DNA synthesis (RDS), which promotes genomic instability. ATM belongs to the PI3K kinase family along with ATR and DNA-PKcs. ATR has been shown to be the key kinase for intra-S-phase checkpoint signaling in yeast and has also been implicated in this checkpoint in higher eukaryotes. Recently, contributions of DNA-PKcs to IR-induced G2-checkpoint could also be established. Whether and how ATR and DNA-PKcs are involved in the IR-induced intra-S-phase checkpoint in mammalian cells is incompletely characterized. Here, we investigated the contributions of ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs to intra-S-phase checkpoint activation after exposure to IR of human and hamster cells. The results suggest that the activities of both ATM and ATR are essential for efficient intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. Indeed, in a wild-type genetic background, ATR inhibition generates stronger checkpoint defects than ATM inhibition. Similar to G2 checkpoint, DNA-PKcs contributes to the recovery from the intra-S-phase checkpoint. DNA-PKcs–deficient cells show persistent, mainly ATR-dependent intra-S-phase checkpoints. A correlation between the degree of DSB end resection and the strength of the intra-S-phase checkpoint is observed, which again compares well to the G2 checkpoint response. We conclude that the organization of the intra-S-phase checkpoint has a similar mechanistic organization to that of the G2 checkpoint in cells irradiated in the G2 phase.
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7
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Zhang JT, Dong S, Ji LY, Zhou JY, Chen ZH, Su J, Zhu QG, Wang MM, Ke EE, Sun H, Li XT, Yang JJ, Zhou Q, Zhang XC, Gao X, Yang XN, Xia X, Yi X, Zhong WZ, Wu YL. Intratumoral genetic and immune microenvironmental heterogeneity in T4N0M0 (diameter ≥ 7 cm) non-small cell lung cancers. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1333-1341. [PMID: 35394115 PMCID: PMC9058296 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Starting with low metastatic capability, T4N0M0 (diameter ≥ 7 cm) non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) constitute a unique tumor subset, as with a large tumor size but no regional or distant metastases. We systematically investigated intratumoral heterogeneity, clonal structure, chromosomal instability (CIN), and immune microenvironment in T4N0M0 (≥7 cm) NSCLCs. Methods Whole‐exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) staining were conducted to analyze 24 spatially segregated tumor samples from eight patients who were pathologically diagnosed with T4N0M0 (diameter ≥ 7 cm) NSCLCs. The adjacent normal tissues and peripheral blood served as controls. Results In total, 35.2% of mutations and 91.1% of somatic copy number alterations were classified as subclonal events, which exhibited widespread genetic intratumoral heterogeneity. In contrast, a low degree of CIN was observed. None of the patients had genome doubling. The burden of loss of heterozygosity, aneuploidy, and the genome instability index of these tumors were significantly lower than those in the TRACERx cohort. Expression profiles revealed significantly upregulated expression of cell division‐related signals and the G2/M checkpoint pathway. In addition, a similar expression pattern of the immune microenvironment was observed in different regions of the tumor, which was confirmed by mIHC profiles. Conclusions Our study indicates the presence of intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and immune microenvironmental heterogeneity features in T4N0M0 NSCLCs, and the low degree of CIN may be related to the low metastatic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tao Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Dong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan Ji
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Hong Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Meng Min Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - E E Ke
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Tao Li
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ji Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ning Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao Zhong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Long Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Pettinato AM, Ladha FA, Hinson JT. The Cardiac Sarcomere and Cell Cycle. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:623-630. [PMID: 35380383 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The lack of adult human cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity impairs cardiac regeneration such as after myocardial injury. The sarcomere, a specialized actin cytoskeletal structure that is essential for twitch contraction in cardiomyocytes, has been considered a critical factor limiting adult human cardiomyocyte proliferation through incompletely understood mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS This review summarizes known and emerging regulatory mechanisms connecting the human cardiomyocyte sarcomere to cell cycle regulation including structural and signaling mechanisms. Cardiac regeneration could be augmented through targeting the inhibitory effects of the sarcomere on cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feria A Ladha
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - J Travis Hinson
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA. .,Cardiology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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9
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Teakell S, Chen LS, Stellrecht CM, Gandhi V. The role of p53 and p21 on 8-chloro-adenosine-induced cellular response. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1359-1374. [PMID: 35227162 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2038200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
8-Chloro-adenosine (8-Cl-Ado) is currently in phase I clinical trial. Activation of p53 and transactivation of p21 regulate cell fate after genotoxic insult. Using HCT-116-isogenic-cell-lines, we evaluated the role of p53/p21 after 8-Cl-Ado-mediated response. Following 30 µM 8-Cl-Ado treatment, RNA synthesis was inhibited, p53 protein was stabilized, and p21 expression was activated. None of the cell types were arrested in G1/S phase, however, cells lacking p53 were blocked in G2/M. These cells had the least increase in apoptotic cells, although clonogenic survival demonstrated equal inhibition in all 4 cell types. Collectively, irrespective of p53 and p21 status, 8-Cl-Ado-induced cytotoxicity was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Teakell
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa S Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine M Stellrecht
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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10
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Martin CK, Samolej J, Olson AT, Bertoli C, Wiebe MS, de Bruin RAM, Mercer J. Vaccinia Virus Arrests and Shifts the Cell Cycle. Viruses 2022; 14:431. [PMID: 35216024 PMCID: PMC8874441 DOI: 10.3390/v14020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the host cell cycle is a common strategy used by viruses to create a pro-replicative environment. To facilitate viral genome replication, vaccinia virus (VACV) has been reported to alter cell cycle regulation and trigger the host cell DNA damage response. However, the cellular factors and viral effectors that mediate these changes remain unknown. Here, we set out to investigate the effect of VACV infection on cell proliferation and host cell cycle progression. Using a subset of VACV mutants, we characterise the stage of infection required for inhibition of cell proliferation and define the viral effectors required to dysregulate the host cell cycle. Consistent with previous studies, we show that VACV inhibits and subsequently shifts the host cell cycle. We demonstrate that these two phenomena are independent of one another, with viral early genes being responsible for cell cycle inhibition, and post-replicative viral gene(s) responsible for the cell cycle shift. Extending previous findings, we show that the viral kinase F10 is required to activate the DNA damage checkpoint and that the viral B1 kinase and/or B12 pseudokinase mediate degradation of checkpoint effectors p53 and p21 during infection. We conclude that VACV modulates host cell proliferation and host cell cycle progression through temporal expression of multiple VACV effector proteins. (209/200.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K. Martin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (C.K.M.); (C.B.); (R.A.M.d.B.)
| | - Jerzy Samolej
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Annabel T. Olson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (C.K.M.); (C.B.); (R.A.M.d.B.)
| | - Matthew S. Wiebe
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Robertus A. M. de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (C.K.M.); (C.B.); (R.A.M.d.B.)
| | - Jason Mercer
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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11
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Fa P, Qiu Z, Wang QE, Yan C, Zhang J. A Novel Role for RNF126 in the Promotion of G2 Arrest via Interaction With 14-3-3σ. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:542-553. [PMID: 34563636 PMCID: PMC8748417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair are important for cell survival after exogenous DNA damage. Both rapid blockage of G2 to M phase transition in the cell cycle and the maintenance of relatively slow G2 arrest are critical to protect cells from lethal ionizing radiation (IR). Checkpoint kinase 1 is pivotal in blocking the transition from G2 to M phases in response to IR. The 14-3-3σ protein is important for IR-induced G2 arrest maintenance in which p53-dependent 14-3-3σ transcription is involved. It has been demonstrated that Ring finger protein 126 (RNF126), an E3 ligase, is required to upregulate checkpoint kinase 1 expression. Thus, our goal was to study the role of RNF126 in the G2/M phase checkpoint. METHODS AND MATERIALS The transition from G2 to M phases and G2 accumulation in response to IR were determined by flow cytometry through staining with phospho-histone H3 (pS10) antibody and propidium iodide, respectively. The interaction of RNF126 and 14-3-3σ was determined by GST-pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. The stability of RNF126 and 14-3-3σ was determined by cycloheximide-based stability assay and ubiquitination detection by coimmunoprecipitation. The sequestering of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1 from the nucleus was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS RNF126 knockdown had no impact on the IR-induced transient blockage of G2 to M but impaired IR-induced G2 arrest maintenance in cells with or without wild-type p53. Mechanistically, RNF126 binds 14-3-3σ and prevents both proteins from ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Last, RNF126 is required for enforcing the cytoplasmic sequestration of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 proteins in response to IR. CONCLUSIONS RNF126 promotes G2 arrest via interaction with 14-3-3σ in response to IR. Our study revealed a novel role for RNF126 in promoting G2 arrest, providing a new target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Fa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA,Corresponding author: Junran Zhang,
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12
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Safari F, Akbari B. Knockout of caspase-7 gene improves the expression of recombinant protein in CHO cell line through the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Biol Res 2022; 55:2. [PMID: 35016732 PMCID: PMC8753818 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese hamster ovary cell line has been used routinely as a bioproduction factory of numerous biopharmaceuticals. So far, various engineering strategies have been recruited to improve the production efficiency of this cell line such as apoptosis engineering. Previously, it is reported that the caspase-7 deficiency in CHO cells reduces the cell proliferation rate. But the effect of this reduction on the CHO cell productivity remained unclear. Hence, in the study at hand the effect of caspase-7 deficiency was assessed on the cell growth, viability and protein expression. In addition, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was investigated in the absence of caspase-7. Results Findings showed that in the absence of caspase-7, both cell growth and cell viability were decreased. Cell cycle analysis illustrated that the CHO knockout (CHO-KO) cells experienced a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. This cell cycle arrest resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in the expression of luciferase in CHO-KO cells compared to parenteral cells. Furthermore, in the apoptotic situation the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in CHO-KO cells was approximately 3 times more than CHO-K1 cells. Conclusions These findings represented that; however, caspase-7 deficiency reduces the cell proliferation rate but the resulted cell cycle arrest leads to the enhancement of recombinant protein expression. Moreover, increasing in the caspase-3 enzymatic activity compensates the absence of caspase-7 in the caspase cascade of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Meshkinfam Ave, Shiraz, Iran. .,Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Fæste CK, Solhaug A, Gaborit M, Pierre F, Massotte D. Neurotoxic Potential of Deoxynivalenol in Murine Brain Cell Lines and Primary Hippocampal Cultures. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:48. [PMID: 35051025 PMCID: PMC8778863 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) from grain-based food and feed affects human and animal health. Known consequences include entereopathogenic and immunotoxic defects; however, the neurotoxic potential of DON has only come into focus more recently due to the observation of behavioural disorders in exposed farm animals. DON can cross the blood-brain barrier and interfere with the homeostasis/functioning of the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we have investigated the impact of DON on mouse astrocyte and microglia cell lines, as well as on primary hippocampal cultures by analysing different toxicological endpoints. We found that DON has an impact on the viability of both glial cell types, as shown by a significant decrease of metabolic activity, and a notable cytotoxic effect, which was stronger in the microglia. In astrocytes, DON caused a G1 phase arrest in the cell cycle and a decrease of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was secreted in the microglia in response to DON exposure. Furthermore, the intermediate filaments of the astrocytic cytoskeleton were disturbed in primary hippocampal cultures, and the dendrite lengths of neurons were shortened. The combined results indicated DON's considerable potential to interfere with the brain cell physiology, which helps explain the observed in vivo neurotoxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Solhaug
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Marion Gaborit
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Florian Pierre
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Dominique Massotte
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
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14
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The PTEN and ATM axis controls the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and tumorigenesis in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3036-3051. [PMID: 34059798 PMCID: PMC8564521 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN is disrupted in a large proportion of cancers, including in HER2-positive breast cancer, where its loss is associated with resistance to therapy. Upon genotoxic stress, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is activated and phosphorylates PTEN on residue 398. To elucidate the physiological role of this molecular event, we generated and analyzed knock-in mice expressing a mutant form of PTEN that cannot be phosphorylated by ATM (PTEN-398A). This mutation accelerated tumorigenesis in a model of HER2-positive breast cancer. Mammary tumors in bi-transgenic mice carrying MMTV-neu and Pten398A were characterized by DNA damage accumulation but reduced apoptosis. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of PTEN at position 398 is essential for the proper activation of the S phase checkpoint controlled by the PI3K-p27Kip1-CDK2 axis. Moreover, we linked these defects to the impaired ability of the PTEN-398A protein to relocalize to the plasma membrane in response to genotoxic stress. Altogether, our results uncover a novel role for ATM-dependent PTEN phosphorylation in the control of genomic stability, cell cycle progression, and tumorigenesis.
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15
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Diori Karidio I, Sanlier SH. Reviewing cancer's biology: an eclectic approach. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:32. [PMID: 34719756 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer refers to a group of some of the worldwide most diagnosed and deadliest pathophysiological conditions that conquered researchers' attention for decades and yet begs for more questions for a full comprehension of its complex cellular and molecular pathology. MAIN BODY The disease conditions are commonly characterized by unrestricted cell proliferation and dysfunctional replicative senescence pathways. In fact, the cell cycle operates under the rigorous control of complex signaling pathways involving cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases assumed to be specific to each phase of the cycle. At each of these checkpoints, the cell is checked essentially for its DNA integrity. Genetic defects observed in these molecules (i.e., cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases) are common features of cancer cells. Nevertheless, each cancer is different concerning its molecular and cellular etiology. These could range from the genetic defects mechanisms and/or the environmental conditions favoring epigenetically harbored homeostasis driving tumorigenesis alongside with the intratumoral heterogeneity with respect to the model that the tumor follows. CONCLUSIONS This review is not meant to be an exhaustive interpretation of carcinogenesis but to summarize some basic features of the molecular etiology of cancer and the intratumoral heterogeneity models that eventually bolster anticancer drug resistance for a more efficient design of drug targeting the pitfalls of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Diori Karidio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Senay Hamarat Sanlier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.,ARGEFAR, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Almanghadim HG, Nourollahzadeh Z, Khademi NS, Tezerjani MD, Sehrig FZ, Estelami N, Shirvaliloo M, Sheervalilou R, Sargazi S. Application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy with an emphasis on cell cycle. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1989-1998. [PMID: 34233087 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) could be incorporated into valuable therapeutic modalities for different diseases; however, there are many concerns about risk factors in human applications. NPs carry therapeutic chemicals that could improve the outcome of cancer therapies. Nowadays, NPs are being recognized as important and strategic agents in treatment of several disorders due to their unique properties in targeting malignant cells in tumor sites. Numerous investigations have shown that the majority of chemotherapeutic agents can be modified through entrapment in submicron colloidal systems. Still, there are problems and limitations in application of NPs in cancer therapy. The aim of the present study is to focus on potential NPs usage in cancer treatment with an emphasis on the cell cycle of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Nourollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sadat Khademi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Neda Estelami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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17
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Lin R, Ma B, Liu N, Zhang L, He T, Liu X, Chen T, Liu W, Liang Y, Wang T, Ni G, Liu X, Yang N, Zhang J, Yuan J. Targeted radioimmunotherapy with the iodine-131-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide for human anaplastic thyroid cancer in nude mice. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:811-822. [PMID: 33948902 PMCID: PMC8197720 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The combination of two or more drugs with different mechanisms is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a trending antitumor strategy. Radiotherapy (RT) can promote and activate antitumor immune effects, and immunotherapy can strengthen the effects of selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT); the RIT combination is synergistic and can overcome the adverse side effects of monotherapy. In this study, we developed a radioimmunoconjugate (RIC)-the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide-to treat human anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). METHODS Antitumor activity of caerin 1.1 peptide was determined by MTT assay, plate colony formation and cell wound scratch assays, and the mechanism of the inhibition of carein 1.1 peptide on the growth of CAL-62 cells was identified by cell cycle and western blot. Then, we investigated the efficacy of the caerin 1.1 peptide as a single drug and the 131I-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide for ATC. H&E and TUNEL staining was performed to detect dead cells in the tumor tissue sections. RESULTS We found that caerin 1.1 arrested cells in the S phase to induce apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth to inhibit phosphorylation of Akt. In vivo, the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide achieved better antitumor efficacy than radiotherapy alone and showed a good biosafety profile. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time that the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide can inhibit CAL-62 tumor growth and migration. The iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide, which represents a radioimmunotherapy strategy based on the combination of SIRT with a peptide-drug conjugate, could provide a treatment means for the radical cure of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowei Ma
- Department of TCM Resident Training, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongying Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongnan Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Guoying Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhe Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of the Southern Theatre Command, People's Liberation Army of China, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Lezaja A, Panagopoulos A, Wen Y, Carvalho E, Imhof R, Altmeyer M. RPA shields inherited DNA lesions for post-mitotic DNA synthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3827. [PMID: 34158486 PMCID: PMC8219667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm that checkpoints halt cell cycle progression for genome repair has been challenged by the recent discovery of heritable DNA lesions escaping checkpoint control. How such inherited lesions affect genome function and integrity is not well understood. Here, we identify a new class of heritable DNA lesions, which is marked by replication protein A (RPA), a protein primarily known for shielding single-stranded DNA in S/G2. We demonstrate that post-mitotic RPA foci occur at low frequency during unperturbed cell cycle progression, originate from the previous cell cycle, and are exacerbated upon replication stress. RPA-marked inherited ssDNA lesions are found at telomeres, particularly of ALT-positive cancer cells. We reveal that RPA protects these replication remnants in G1 to allow for post-mitotic DNA synthesis (post-MiDAS). Given that ALT-positive cancer cells exhibit high levels of replication stress and telomere fragility, targeting post-MiDAS might be a new therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lezaja
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Panagopoulos
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yanlin Wen
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edison Carvalho
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Imhof
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Ruby CL, Major RJ, Hinrichsen RD. Regulation of tissue regeneration by the circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3576-3597. [PMID: 33893679 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are regulated by a highly conserved transcriptional/translational feedback loop that maintains approximately 24-hr periodicity from cellular to organismal levels. Much research effort is being devoted to understanding how the outputs of the master clock affect peripheral oscillators, and in turn, numerous biological processes. Recent studies have revealed roles for circadian timing in the regulation of numerous cellular behaviours in support of complex tissue regeneration. One such role involves the interaction between the circadian clockwork and the cell cycle. The molecular mechanisms that control the cell cycle create a system of regulation that allows for high fidelity DNA synthesis, mitosis and apoptosis. In recent years, it has become clear that clock gene products are required for proper DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, and conversely, elements of the cell cycle cascade feedback to influence molecular circadian timing mechanisms. It is through this crosstalk that the circadian system orchestrates stem cell proliferation, niche exit and control of the signalling pathways that govern differentiation and self-renewal. In this review, we discuss the evidence for circadian control of tissue homeostasis and repair and suggest new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Major
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
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20
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Linking Serine/Glycine Metabolism to Radiotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061191. [PMID: 33801846 PMCID: PMC8002185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyperactivation of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis across different cancer types and its critical contribution in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance indicate the relevance of serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies as therapeutic intervention in cancer. In this review, we specifically focus on the contribution of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway to radioresistance. We provide a future perspective on how de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis inhibition and serine-free diets may improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Future research in this field is needed to better understand serine/glycine metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation and the influence of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment, which may provide the rationale for the optimal combination therapies. Abstract The activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in a subset of tumors has been described as a major contributor to tumor pathogenesis, poor outcome, and treatment resistance. Amplifications and mutations of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis enzymes can trigger pathway activation; however, a large group of cancers displays serine/glycine pathway overexpression induced by oncogenic drivers and unknown regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the regulatory network of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis activation in cancer might be essential to unveil opportunities to target tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. In the current review, we describe how the activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in cancer is linked to treatment resistance and its implications in the clinic. To our knowledge, only a few studies have identified this pathway as metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation therapy. We propose an important contribution of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway activation to radioresistance by being involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and redox homeostasis under hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Current approaches for inhibition of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, which in combination with radiotherapy might be a promising strategy for tumor control and ultimately eradication. Further research is needed to gain molecular and mechanistic insight into the activation of this pathway in response to radiation therapy and to design sophisticated stratification methods to select patients that might benefit from serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy.
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21
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Huang Y, Tian Y, Zhang W, Liu R, Zhang W. Rab12 Promotes Radioresistance of HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells by Increasing G2/M Arrest. Front Oncol 2021; 11:586771. [PMID: 33718142 PMCID: PMC7947205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.586771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HPV-positive (HPV+) cervical cancer cells are more radioresistant compared with HPV-negative (HPV-) cervical cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism is not fully illuminated. Our previous mass spectrometry data showed that Ras-associated binding protein Rab12 was up-regulated by HPV, and this study is to investigate the role of Rab12 in the radioresistance of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Methods CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot were performed to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and protein expressions. DNA damage and repair levels were measured by comet assays and detection of γ-H2AX, XRCC4, and pBRCA1 protein expressions. Results Rab12 mRNA and protein expressions were up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues and HPV+ cervical cancer cells. Knockdown of Rab12 enhanced radiosensitivity while overexpression of Rab12 promotes radioresistance. Knockdown of Rab12 alleviated G2/M arrest by decreasing p-Cdc2(Tyr15) after radiation, which was a result of the reduction of p-Cdc25C(Ser216). Rab12 knockdown caused more DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inhibited DNA homologous recombination repair (HRR) after radiation. Instead, overexpression of Rab12 enhanced radioresistance by increasing G2/M arrest, which provided more time for DNA HRR. Conclusions Rab12 may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve clinical treatment outcome of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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22
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Wijaya DA, Louisa M, Wibowo H, Taslim A, Permata TBM, Handoko H, Nuryadi E, Kodrat H, Gondhowiardjo SA. The future potential of Annona muricata L. extract and its bioactive compounds as radiation sensitizing agent: proposed mechanisms based on a systematic review. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite technological advances in cancer treatment, especially in radiotherapy, many efforts are being made in improving cancer cell radio-sensitivity to increase therapeutic ratio and overcome cancer cell radio-resistance. In the present review, we evaluated the anticancer mechanism of Annona muricata L. (AM) leaves extract and its bioactive compounds such as annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricin, annonacin, or curcumin; and further correlated them with the potential of the mechanism to increase or to reduce cancer cells radio-sensitivity based on literature investigation. We see that AM has a promising future potential as a radio-sensitizer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Andi Wijaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Laboratorium Terpadu, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aslim Taslim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Bunga Mayang Permata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Handoko Handoko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Nuryadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Henry Kodrat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Soehartati Argadikoesoema Gondhowiardjo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
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23
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Zhao L, Li W, Luo X, Sheng S. The multifaceted roles of nucleophagy in cancer development and therapy. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:246-257. [PMID: 33219602 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process in which the cell degrades its own components and recycles the biomolecules for survival and homeostasis. It is an important cellular process to eliminate pathogens or damaged organelles. Nucleophagy, also termed as nuclear autophagy, is a more recently described subtype of autophagy, in which nuclear components, such as nuclear lamina and DNA, are to be degraded. Nucleophagy plays a double-facet role in the development of cancer. On one hand, the clearance of damaged DNA or nuclear structures via autophagic pathway is crucial to maintain nuclear integrity and prevent tumorigenesis. On the other hand, in later stages of tumor growth, nucleophagy may facilitate cancer cell survival and metastasis in the nutrient-depleted microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the relationship between nucleophagy and cancer along with potential intervention methods to target cancer through manipulating nucleophagy. Given the known observations about nucleophagy, it could be promising to target different nuclear components during the processes of nucleophagy, especially nuclear lamina. Further research on investigating the role of nucleophagy in oncological context could focus on dissecting its remaining molecular pathways and their connection to known tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Northwood High School, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Wounds and Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Surui Sheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Ma T, Guo R, Wang X, Shen WT, Zhu M, Jin YN, Xu HP. Lentiviral vector with a radiation-inducible promoter, carrying the ING4 gene, mediates radiosensitization controlled by radiotherapy in cervical cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:67. [PMID: 33365078 PMCID: PMC7716713 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of hypoxia in solid tumors is considered one of the major factors that contribute to radiation resistance. The aim of the present study was to establish a therapeutic system, which can be controlled by radiation itself, to enhance radiosensitivity. For this purpose, a lentiviral gene therapy vector containing the human inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) and its upstream promoter, human early growth response factor-1 (EGR1), which possesses the radiation-inducible characteristics to activate the transcription of its downstream genes, was constructed. Downstream fluorescence proteins were investigated to ensure that the EGR1 promoter was induced by irradiation. Furthermore, ING4 open reading frame (ORF) expression was detected by western blotting. The cell cycle was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis 48 h after the cells were exposed to X-rays ranging between 0 and 8 Gy. In cells stably and transiently transfected with reporter plasmids, the EGR1-driver gene was sensitive to ionizing irradiation. Furthermore, irradiation-induced ING4 gene expression was observed. The enhanced ING4 expression increased the number of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased the proportion of cells in the G1/S phase. Therefore, ING4 expression inhibited cell proliferation and was associated with less colonies being formed. Furthermore, ING4 suppressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression under hypoxic conditions and promoted cell apoptosis. Overall, these results revealed that combining the EGR1 promoter and ING4 ORF using a lentivirus system may be a promising therapeutic strategy with which to enhance radiosensitivity controlled by radiation. However, further studies using in vivo models are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820, USA
| | - Wen-Tong Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Ning Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Ping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Hu Z, Wang H, Fu Y, Ma K, Ma X, Wang J. Gentiopicroside Inhibits Cell Growth and Migration on Cervical Cancer via the Reciprocal MAPK/Akt Signaling Pathways. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1459-1470. [PMID: 32762372 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1801777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy and represents a major global health challenge. Chemotherapeutic agents are commonly applied in treatment of CC, while along various adverse effects and chemotherapy resistance. As an iridoid glycoside compound, gentiopicroside (GPS) possesses the characteristic of the better availability and lower toxicity effect on cancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated that GPS exhibited the anticancer effect on HeLa cells through the inhibition of cell growth, induced apoptosis, cycle arrest, and suppressed migration. Furthermore, the possible mechanism or the targets of GPS was also clarified. The results revealed that GPS exerted an anti-proliferation effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HeLa cells, in contrast, with the less inhibiting proliferation effects on normal cell line (HUVEC). Moreover, GPS arrested cells at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. More significantly, GPS dramatically inhibited the migration of HeLa cells and regulated the matrix metalloproteinase expression through the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways, of which MAPK1 was an underlying target in GPS against HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Oncology Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Oncology Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kang Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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26
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Alonso-González C, González A, Menéndez-Menéndez J, Martínez-Campa C, Cos S. Melatonin as a Radio-Sensitizer in Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E247. [PMID: 32726912 PMCID: PMC7460067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the treatments of choice in many types of cancer. Adjuvant treatments to radiotherapy try, on one hand, to enhance the response of tumor cells to radiation and, on the other hand, to reduce the side effects to normal cells. Radiosensitizers are agents that increase the effect of radiation in tumor cells by trying not to increase side effects in normal tissues. Melatonin is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland which has an important role in the regulation of cancer growth, especially in hormone-dependent mammary tumors. Different studies have showed that melatonin administered with radiotherapy is able to enhance its therapeutic effects and can protect normal cells against side effects of this treatment. Several mechanisms are involved in the radiosensitization induced by melatonin: increase of reactive oxygen species production, modulation of proteins involved in estrogen biosynthesis, impairment of tumor cells to DNA repair, modulation of angiogenesis, abolition of inflammation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of preadipocytes differentiation and modulation of metabolism. At this moment, there are very few clinical trials that study the therapeutic usefulness to associate melatonin and radiotherapy in humans. All findings point to melatonin as an effective adjuvant molecule to radiotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (J.M.-M.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Carlos Martínez-Campa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (J.M.-M.); (S.C.)
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27
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Abstract
Cells confront DNA damage in every cell cycle. Among the most deleterious types of DNA damage are DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which can cause cell lethality if unrepaired or cancers if improperly repaired. In response to DNA DSBs, cells activate a complex DNA damage checkpoint (DDC) response that arrests the cell cycle, reprograms gene expression, and mobilizes DNA repair factors to prevent the inheritance of unrepaired and broken chromosomes. Here we examine the DDC, induced by DNA DSBs, in the budding yeast model system and in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Waterman
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA;
| | - James E Haber
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA;
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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28
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Liu C, Liao K, Gross N, Wang Z, Li G, Zuo W, Zhong S, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Yang J, Hu G. Homologous recombination enhances radioresistance in hypopharyngeal cancer cell line by targeting DNA damage response. Oral Oncol 2019; 100:104469. [PMID: 31756687 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is a central treatment option for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, but the prognoses of patients treated with radiotherapy only are not satisfactory due to radioresistance. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive, and mechanism-derived predictive markers of radioresistance are currently unavailable. METHODS In this study, we first established a specifically radioresistant FaDu cell line by repeated exposure to ionizing radiation with a total dose of 60 Gy (FaDu-RR). The validation of FaDu-RR cells was performed by clonogenic cell survival assay and cell proliferation assay. Microarrays and bioinformatics were analyzed to determine the differentially expressed mRNAs and their functions. DNA-repair capabilities were tested by cell cycle analysis and comet assay. The expressions of four key proteins in homologous recombination pathways, including BRCA1, BRCA2, RPA1, and Rad51, were detected both in FaDu-RR cells and radioresistant xenograft. RESULTS We established the specifically radioresistant FaDu cell line. Through microarrays and bioinformatics, homologous recombination pathways were suggested to play important roles in radioresistant mechanisms. High expression levels of key proteins in homologous recombination pathways were then detected both in FaDu-RR cells and radioresistant xenograft. Silencing RPA1 could reduce the radioresistance of FaDu-RR cells. CONCLUSION Our results provided strong evidence that homologous recombination enhances the radioresistance in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Proteins in homologous recombination pathways may be potential biomarkers to predict hypopharyngeal carcinoma response to radiotherapy, establishing a basis for their utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kui Liao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Neil Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Zhihai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Wenqi Zuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixun Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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29
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Truncated PPM1D impairs stem cell response to genotoxic stress and promotes growth of APC-deficient tumors in the mouse colon. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:818. [PMID: 31659152 PMCID: PMC6817818 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D) terminates cell response to genotoxic stress by negatively regulating the tumor suppressor p53 and other targets at chromatin. Mutations in the exon 6 of the PPM1D result in production of a highly stable, C-terminally truncated PPM1D. These gain-of-function PPM1D mutations are present in various human cancers but their role in tumorigenesis remains unresolved. Here we show that truncated PPM1D impairs activation of the cell cycle checkpoints in human non-transformed RPE cells and allows proliferation in the presence of DNA damage. Next, we developed a mouse model by introducing a truncating mutation in the PPM1D locus and tested contribution of the oncogenic PPM1DT allele to colon tumorigenesis. We found that p53 pathway was suppressed in colon stem cells harboring PPM1DT resulting in proliferation advantage under genotoxic stress condition. In addition, truncated PPM1D promoted tumor growth in the colon in Apcmin mice and diminished survival. Moreover, tumor organoids derived from colon of the ApcminPpm1dT/+ mice were less sensitive to 5-fluorouracil when compared to ApcminPpm1d+/+and the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil was restored by inhibition of PPM1D. Finally, we screened colorectal cancer patients and identified recurrent somatic PPM1D mutations in a fraction of colon adenocarcinomas that are p53 proficient and show defects in mismatch DNA repair. In summary, we provide the first in vivo evidence that truncated PPM1D can promote tumor growth and modulate sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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30
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Halder S, Torrecilla I, Burkhalter MD, Popović M, Fielden J, Vaz B, Oehler J, Pilger D, Lessel D, Wiseman K, Singh AN, Vendrell I, Fischer R, Philipp M, Ramadan K. SPRTN protease and checkpoint kinase 1 cross-activation loop safeguards DNA replication. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3142. [PMID: 31316063 PMCID: PMC6637133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The SPRTN metalloprotease is essential for DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) repair and DNA replication in vertebrate cells. Cells deficient in SPRTN protease exhibit DPC-induced replication stress and genome instability, manifesting as premature ageing and liver cancer. Here, we provide a body of evidence suggesting that SPRTN activates the ATR-CHK1 phosphorylation signalling cascade during physiological DNA replication by proteolysis-dependent eviction of CHK1 from replicative chromatin. During this process, SPRTN proteolyses the C-terminal/inhibitory part of CHK1, liberating N-terminal CHK1 kinase active fragments. Simultaneously, CHK1 full length and its N-terminal fragments phosphorylate SPRTN at the C-terminal regulatory domain, which stimulates SPRTN recruitment to chromatin to promote unperturbed DNA replication fork progression and DPC repair. Our data suggest that a SPRTN-CHK1 cross-activation loop plays a part in DNA replication and protection from DNA replication stress. Finally, our results with purified components of this pathway further support the proposed model of a SPRTN-CHK1 cross-activation loop. Cells deficient in SPRTN protease activity exhibit severe DNA-protein crosslink induced replication stress and genome instability. Here the author reveal a functional link between the SPRTN protease and the CHK1 kinase during physiological DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Halder
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ignacio Torrecilla
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marta Popović
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.,Institute Ruder Boškovic, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Fielden
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Bruno Vaz
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Judith Oehler
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Domenic Pilger
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katherine Wiseman
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Abhay Narayan Singh
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.,TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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31
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Silva E, Ideker T. Transcriptional responses to DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:40-49. [PMID: 31102970 PMCID: PMC6570417 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In response to the threat of DNA damage, cells exhibit a dramatic and multi-factorial response spanning from transcriptional changes to protein modifications, collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we review the literature surrounding the transcriptional response to DNA damage. We review differences in observed transcriptional responses as a function of cell cycle stage and emphasize the importance of experimental design in these transcriptional response studies. We additionally consider topics including structural challenges in the transcriptional response to DNA damage as well as the connection between transcription and protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Silva
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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32
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Wang M, Nie Y, Liu Y, Dai H, Wang J, Si B, Yang Z, Cheng L, Liu Y, Chen S, Xu A. Transgenerational effects of diesel particulate matter on Caenorhabditis elegans through maternal and multigenerational exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:635-643. [PMID: 30579164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a dominant contaminant in fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and has been proved to induce serious harmful effects to human beings, including lung cancer, allergic, and chronic bronchitis. However, little attention has been paid to understand the transgenerational effects of DPM. In the present study, we focused on the transgenerational effects of DPM in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) exposed in either maternal generation (F0) or consecutive generations (F0-F5). In maternal exposure manner, 0.1 and 1.0 µg/mL DPM significantly increased the germ cell apoptosis at F0 generation, while the number of apoptotic germ cells at F1-F5 generation were gradually recovered back to control level. The brood size were significantly reduced by DPM at F2 generation and recovered to control level at F3-F5 generations. In continuous exposure manner, although 0.1 and 1.0 µg/mL DPM induced significant germ cell apoptosis in F0 generation, there was no difference between F0 and other generations. Continuous exposure to DPM at 0.1 and 1.0 µg/mL impaired the brood size in F2 to F5 generations. Using a series of loss-of-function mutant strains, we found that cep-1 (w40), hus-1 (op241), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) related signaling pathway genes were involved in DPM-induced apoptosis. Our results clearly demonstrated that the adverse effects of DPM could be passed on through long-term multigenerational exposure and DNA damage checkpoint genes and MAPK signal pathway played an essential role in response to DPM induced development and reproduction toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudi Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Hui Dai
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Bo Si
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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33
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Alber AB, Suter DM. Dynamics of protein synthesis and degradation through the cell cycle. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:784-794. [PMID: 30907235 PMCID: PMC6527273 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1598725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein expression levels depend on the balance between their synthesis and degradation rates. Even quiescent (G0) cells display a continuous turnover of proteins, despite protein levels remaining largely constant over time. In cycling cells, global protein levels need to be precisely doubled at each cell division in order to maintain cellular homeostasis, but we still lack a quantitative understanding of how this is achieved. Recent studies have shed light on cell cycle-dependent changes in protein synthesis and degradation rates. Here we discuss current population-based and single cell approaches used to assess protein synthesis and degradation, and review the insights they have provided into the dynamics of protein turnover in different cell cycle phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brigitta Alber
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Michael Suter
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Piyarathna DWB, Balasubramanian A, Arnold JM, Lloyd SM, Karanam B, Castro P, Ittmann MM, Putluri N, Navone N, Jones JA, Yu W, Sandulache VC, Sikora AG, Michailidis G, Sreekumar A. ERR1 and PGC1α associated mitochondrial alterations correlate with pan-cancer disparity in African Americans. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2351-2356. [PMID: 30920960 PMCID: PMC6546480 DOI: 10.1172/jci127579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American (AA) patients have higher cancer mortality rates and shorter survival times compared to European American (EA) patients. Despite a significant focus on socioeconomic factors, recent findings strongly argue the existence of biological factors driving this disparity. Most of these factors have been described in a cancer-type specific context rather than a pan-cancer setting. METHODS A novel in silico approach based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) coupled to Transcription Factor enrichment was carried out to identify common biological drivers of pan-cancer racial disparity using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Mitochondrial content in patient tissues was examined using a multi-cancer tissue microarray approach (TMA). RESULTS Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was uniquely enriched in AA tumors compared to EA tumors across various cancer types. AA tumors also showed strong enrichment for the ERR1-PGC1α-mediated transcriptional program, which has been implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. TMA analysis revealed that AA cancers harbor significantly more mitochondria compared to their EA counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight changes in mitochondria as a common distinguishing feature between AA and EA tumors in a pan-cancer setting, and provide the rationale for the repurposing of mitochondrial inhibitors to treat AA cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akhila Balasubramanian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James M. Arnold
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and
| | - Stacy M. Lloyd
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and
| | | | - Patricia Castro
- Department of Pathology and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center and Department of Urology and
| | | | - Vlad C. Sandulache
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George Michailidis
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Diethyl [(3-phenoxy-2-oxo-4-phenyl-azetidin-1-yl)-phenyl-methyl]-phosphonate as a potent anticancer agent in chemo-differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 846:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ciardo D, Goldar A, Marheineke K. On the Interplay of the DNA Replication Program and the Intra-S Phase Checkpoint Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E94. [PMID: 30700024 PMCID: PMC6410103 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication in eukaryotes is achieved by the activation of multiple replication origins which needs to be precisely coordinated in space and time. This spatio-temporal replication program is regulated by many factors to maintain genome stability, which is frequently threatened through stresses of exogenous or endogenous origin. Intra-S phase checkpoints monitor the integrity of DNA synthesis and are activated when replication forks are stalled. Their activation leads to the stabilization of forks, to the delay of the replication program by the inhibition of late firing origins, and the delay of G2/M phase entry. In some cell cycles during early development these mechanisms are less efficient in order to allow rapid cell divisions. In this article, we will review our current knowledge of how the intra-S phase checkpoint regulates the replication program in budding yeast and metazoan models, including early embryos with rapid S phases. We sum up current models on how the checkpoint can inhibit origin firing in some genomic regions, but allow dormant origin activation in other regions. Finally, we discuss how numerical and theoretical models can be used to connect the multiple different actors into a global process and to extract general rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ciardo
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.
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Shibata A, Jeggo P. A historical reflection on our understanding of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair in somatic mammalian cells; interfacing the past with the present. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:945-956. [PMID: 30608893 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1564083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The International Journal of Radiation Biology (IJRB) is celebrating 60 years of publishing in 2019. IJRB has made an enormous contribution to publishing papers that have enhanced our understanding of the DNA damage response (DDR) activated following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). The IR-induced DDR field has a rich history but many outstanding papers pass unread by young scientists overwhelmed by the current literature. We provide a historical reflection on key advances in the DDR field and interface them with current knowledge. Conclusions: DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) were identified as the major biological lesion induced by IR. But early studies on cells from IR-sensitive ataxia telangiectasia patients showed that DSB repair was not sufficient to prevent IR hypersensitivity. Subsequently, the ATM-dependent signal transduction process was revealed, with the breadth of the response being slowly unearthed. Early studies demonstrated at least two processes of DSB repair and revealed that mis-repair causes translocation formation. Recent studies, however, are unraveling more complexity in the repair process, including the specific processing of DSBs within transcriptionally active regions, and the significance of the chromatin environment. Despite the quality of these early and current studies, many questions remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shibata
- a Education and Research Support Center , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Gunma , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Penny Jeggo
- b Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences , University of Sussex , Brighton , UK
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Wang H, Liu S, Song Y, Zhu BW, Tan M. Universal existence of fluorescent carbon dots in beer and assessment of their potential toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:160-173. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1530394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yukun Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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39
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Elucidation of possible molecular mechanisms underlying the estrogen-induced disruption of cartilage development in zebrafish larvae. Toxicol Lett 2018; 289:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Jin Y, Xu X, Wang X, Kuang H, Osterman M, Feng S, Han D, Wu Y, Li M, Guo H. Increasing sensitivity to DNA damage is a potential driver for human ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49710-49721. [PMID: 27391345 PMCID: PMC5226541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, accounting for more deaths than any other gynecological diseases. However, the survival rate for ovarian cancer has not essentially improved over the past thirty years. Thus, to understand the molecular mechanism of ovarian tumorigenesis is important for optimizing the early diagnosis and treating this disease. In this study, we observed obvious DNA lesions, especially DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) accompanying cell cycle checkpoint activation, in the human epithelial ovarian cancer samples, which could be due to the impaired DNA response machinery. Following this line, we found that these DNA damage response-deficient primary cancer cells were hypersensitive to DNA damage and lost their ability to repair the DNA breaks, leading to genomic instability. Of note, three key DNA damage response factors, RNF8, Ku70, and FEN1 exhibited dramatically decreased expression level, implying the dysfunctional DNA repair pathways. Re-expression of wild type RNF8, Ku70, or FEN1 in these cells restored the DNA lesions and also partially rescued the cells from death. Our current study therefore proposes that accumulated DNA lesions might be a potential driver of ovarian cancer and the impaired DNA damage responders could be the targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xuemeng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Henry Kuang
- Medical School and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Osterman
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Shi Feng
- Education Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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41
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Hodge CD, Spyracopoulos L, Glover JNM. Ubc13: the Lys63 ubiquitin chain building machine. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64471-64504. [PMID: 27486774 PMCID: PMC5325457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubc13 is an ubiquitin E2 conjugating enzyme that participates with many different E3 ligases to form lysine 63-linked (Lys63) ubiquitin chains that are critical to signaling in inflammatory and DNA damage response pathways. Recent studies have suggested Ubc13 as a potential therapeutic target for intervention in various human diseases including several different cancers, alleviation of anti-cancer drug resistance, chronic inflammation, and viral infections. Understanding a potential therapeutic target from different angles is important to assess its usefulness and potential pitfalls. Here we present a global review of Ubc13 from its structure, function, and cellular activities, to its natural and chemical inhibition. The aim of this article is to review the literature that directly implicates Ubc13 in a biological function, and to integrate structural and mechanistic insights into the larger role of this critical E2 enzyme. We discuss observations of multiple Ubc13 structures that suggest a novel mechanism for activation of Ubc13 that involves conformational change of the active site loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis D Hodge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leo Spyracopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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42
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Wilde EC, Chapman KE, Stannard LM, Seager AL, Brüsehafer K, Shah UK, Tonkin JA, Brown MR, Verma JR, Doherty AT, Johnson GE, Doak SH, Jenkins GJS. A novel, integrated in vitro carcinogenicity test to identify genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens using human lymphoblastoid cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:935-951. [PMID: 29110037 PMCID: PMC5818597 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to carcinogens occurs via a plethora of environmental sources, with 70-90% of cancers caused by extrinsic factors. Aberrant phenotypes induced by such carcinogenic agents may provide universal biomarkers for cancer causation. Both current in vitro genotoxicity tests and the animal-testing paradigm in human cancer risk assessment fail to accurately represent and predict whether a chemical causes human carcinogenesis. The study aimed to establish whether the integrated analysis of multiple cellular endpoints related to the Hallmarks of Cancer could advance in vitro carcinogenicity assessment. Human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6, MCL-5) were treated for either 4 or 23 h with 8 known in vivo carcinogens, with doses up to 50% Relative Population Doubling (maximum 66.6 mM). The adverse effects of carcinogens on wide-ranging aspects of cellular health were quantified using several approaches; these included chromosome damage, cell signalling, cell morphology, cell-cycle dynamics and bioenergetic perturbations. Cell morphology and gene expression alterations proved particularly sensitive for environmental carcinogen identification. Composite scores for the carcinogens' adverse effects revealed that this approach could identify both DNA-reactive and non-DNA reactive carcinogens in vitro. The richer datasets generated proved that the holistic evaluation of integrated phenotypic alterations is valuable for effective in vitro risk assessment, while also supporting animal test replacement. Crucially, the study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of human carcinogenesis resulting from exposure to chemicals that humans are likely to encounter in their environment. Such an understanding of cancer induction via environmental agents is essential for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Wilde
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Katherine E Chapman
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Leanne M Stannard
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Anna L Seager
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Katja Brüsehafer
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ume-Kulsoom Shah
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - James A Tonkin
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - M Rowan Brown
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Jatin R Verma
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann T Doherty
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Safety, DSM, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - George E Johnson
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Singleton Campus, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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43
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Gimenez E, Manzano-Agugliaro F. DNA Damage Repair System in Plants: A Worldwide Research Update. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8110299. [PMID: 29084140 PMCID: PMC5704212 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are usually exposed to various DNA damaging agents so the mechanisms to detect and repair diverse DNA lesions have developed in all organisms with the result of maintaining genome integrity. Defects in DNA repair machinery contribute to cancer, certain diseases, and aging. Therefore, conserving the genomic sequence in organisms is key for the perpetuation of life. The machinery of DNA damage repair (DDR) in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is similar. Plants also share mechanisms for DNA repair with animals, although they differ in other important details. Plants have, surprisingly, been less investigated than other living organisms in this context, despite the fact that numerous lethal mutations in animals are viable in plants. In this manuscript, a worldwide bibliometric analysis of DDR systems and DDR research in plants was made. A comparison between both subjects was accomplished. The bibliometric analyses prove that the first study about DDR systems in plants (1987) was published thirteen years later than that for other living organisms (1975). Despite the increase in the number of papers about DDR mechanisms in plants in recent decades, nowadays the number of articles published each year about DDR systems in plants only represents 10% of the total number of articles about DDR. The DDR research field was done by 74 countries while the number of countries involved in the DDR & Plant field is 44. This indicates the great influence that DDR research in the plant field currently has, worldwide. As expected, the percentage of studies published about DDR systems in plants has increased in the subject area of agricultural and biological sciences and has diminished in medicine with respect to DDR studies in other living organisms. In short, bibliometric results highlight the current interest in DDR research in plants among DDR studies and can open new perspectives in the research field of DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Gimenez
- Central Research Services, University of Almería, C/ Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain.
| | - Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
- Central Research Services, University of Almería, C/ Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain.
- Engineering Department, University of Almería, C/ Sacramento s/n., Almería 04120, Spain.
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44
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Wei R, Li B, Guo J, Li M, Zhu R, Yang X, Gao R. Smurf1 targets Securin for ubiquitin-dependent degradation and regulates the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Cell Signal 2017; 38:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Porter MR, Lindahl SE, Lietzke A, Metzger EM, Wang Q, Henck E, Chen CH, Niu H, Zaleski JM. Metal-mediated diradical tuning for DNA replication arrest via template strand scission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7405-E7414. [PMID: 28760964 PMCID: PMC5594643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of M(PyED)·X (X = 2Cl-, SO42-) pyridine-metalloenediyne complexes [M = Cu(II), Fe(II), or Zn(II)] and their independently synthesized, cyclized analogs have been prepared to investigate their potential as radical-generating DNA-damaging agents. All complexes possess a 1:1 metal-to-ligand stoichiometry as determined by electronic absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Solution structural analysis reveals a pπ Cl [Formula: see text] Cu(II) LMCT (22,026 cm-1) for Cu(PyED)·2Cl, indicating three nitrogens and a chloride in the psuedo-equatorial plane with the remaining pyridine nitrogen and solvent in axial positions. EPR spectra of the Cu(II) complexes exhibit an axially elongated octahedron. This spectroscopic evidence, together with density functional theory computed geometries, suggest six-coordinate structures for Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes and a five-coordinate environment for Zn(II) analogs. Bergman cyclization via thermal activation of these constructs yields benzannulated product indicative of diradical generation in all complexes within 3 h at 37 °C. A significant metal dependence on the rate of the reaction is observed [Cu(II) > Fe(II) > Zn(II)], which is mirrored in in vitro DNA-damaging outcomes. Whereas in situ chelation of PyED leads to considerable degradation in the presence of all metals within 1 h under hyperthermia conditions, Cu(II) activation produces >50% compromised DNA within 5 min. Additionally, Cu(II) chelated PyED outcompetes DNA polymerase I to successfully inhibit template strand extension. Exposure of HeLa cells to Cu(PyBD)·SO4 (IC50 = 10 μM) results in a G2/M arrest compared with untreated samples, indicating significant DNA damage. These results demonstrate metal-controlled radical generation for degradation of biopolymers under physiologically relevant temperatures on short timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan R Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Sarah E Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Anne Lietzke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Erin M Metzger
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Erik Henck
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Hengyao Niu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405;
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Sengupta S, Roychoudhury S. DNA Double Strand Break and Repair: Mechanisms and Involvement in Human Cancer. INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2005.11885909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Sengupta
- Human Genetics and Genomics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Human Genetics and Genomics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
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47
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Shah R, Del Vecchio D. Signaling Architectures that Transmit Unidirectional Information Despite Retroactivity. Biophys J 2017; 113:728-742. [PMID: 28793226 PMCID: PMC5549655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A signaling pathway transmits information from an upstream system to downstream systems, ideally in a unidirectional fashion. A key obstacle to unidirectional transmission is retroactivity, the additional reaction flux that affects a system once its species interact with those of downstream systems. This raises the fundamental question of whether signaling pathways have developed specialized architectures that overcome retroactivity and transmit unidirectional signals. Here, we propose a general procedure based on mathematical analysis that provides an answer to this question. Using this procedure, we analyze the ability of a variety of signaling architectures to transmit one-way (from upstream to downstream) signals, as key biological parameters are tuned. We find that single stage phosphorylation and phosphotransfer systems that transmit signals from a kinase show a stringent design tradeoff that hampers their ability to overcome retroactivity. Interestingly, cascades of these architectures, which are highly represented in nature, can overcome this tradeoff and thus enable unidirectional transmission. By contrast, phosphotransfer systems, and single and double phosphorylation cycles that transmit signals from a substrate, are unable to mitigate retroactivity effects, even when cascaded, and hence are not well suited for unidirectional information transmission. These results are largely independent of the specific reaction-rate constant values, and depend on the topology of the architectures. Our results therefore identify signaling architectures that, allowing unidirectional transmission of signals, embody modular processes that conserve their input/output behavior across multiple contexts. These findings can be used to decompose natural signal transduction networks into modules, and at the same time, they establish a library of devices that can be used in synthetic biology to facilitate modular circuit design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushina Shah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Domitilla Del Vecchio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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48
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APOBEC3G acts as a therapeutic target in mesenchymal gliomas by sensitizing cells to radiation-induced cell death. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54285-54296. [PMID: 28903341 PMCID: PMC5589580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic analyses of brain tumors reveal that subtypes differ in their pathway activity, progression, and response to therapy. We performed an expression profiling of Glioma Initiating Cells (GICs) and comparative analysis between different groups of GICs indicates major variations in gene expression. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed groups of GICs reflecting their heterogeneity, and among some of the genes as major regulators of mesenchymal phenotype, we identified ABOBEC3G as one of the most discriminating genes in mesenchymal group. ABOBEC3G revealed a strong correlation with overall survival in TCGA GBM patient cohorts. APOBEC3G regulates cell invasion and silencing of this gene in GICs inhibits cell invasion and also glioma sphere initiation. APOBEC3G controls invasion through TGFβ/Smad2 pathway by regulating Smad2 target genes Thrombospondin 1, matrix metallopeptidase 2 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1. We also show that targeting APOBEC3G can sensitize cancer cells to radiation induced cell death by attenuating activation of the DNA repair pathway. This response is mainly shown by decreased pChk2 expression in knockdown APOBEC3G cells. Taken together, we show that APOBEC3G gene is a mesenchymal enriched gene that controls invasion and knockdown of APOBEC3G sensitizes cells to radiation induced cell death, suggesting that APOBEC3G can be considered for use in stratifying patients with GBM for prognostic considerations.
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49
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Wei R, Guo J, Li M, Yang X, Zhu R, Huang H, Li K, Zhang L, Gao R. Smurf1 controls S phase progression and tumorigenesis through Wee1 degradation. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1150-1158. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
- Department of Inorganic Non-metallic Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Ruimin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Kejuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics; Beijing Proteome Research Center; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Ran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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Tiwari M, Parvez S, Agrawala PK. Role of some epigenetic factors in DNA damage response pathway. AIMS GENETICS 2017; 4:69-83. [PMID: 31435504 PMCID: PMC6690236 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2017.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The current review gives a brief account of the DNA damage response pathway and involvement of various epigenetic mechanisms in DNA damage response pathway. The main focus is on histone modifications leading to structural alterations in chromatin since the compact chromatin structure poses a major limitation in the DNA repair process. Based on this hypothesis, our laboratory has also evaluated certain histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential radiomitigators and the same has been discussed in brief at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Tiwari
- Department of Radiation Genetics and Epigenetics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, Delhi 110062 India
| | - Paban K Agrawala
- Department of Radiation Genetics and Epigenetics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
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