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Cadet J, Angelov D, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Contribution of oxidation reactions to photo-induced damage to cellular DNA. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38970297 DOI: 10.1111/php.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This review article is aimed at providing updated information on the contribution of immediate and delayed oxidative reactions to the photo-induced damage to cellular DNA/skin under exposure to UVB/UVA radiations and visible light. Low-intensity UVC and UVB radiations that operate predominantly through direct excitation of the nucleobases are very poor oxidizing agents giving rise to very low amounts of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and DNA strand breaks with respect to the overwhelming bipyrimidine dimeric photoproducts. The importance of these two classes of oxidatively generated damage to DNA significantly increases together with a smaller contribution of oxidized pyrimidine bases upon UVA irradiation. This is rationalized in terms of sensitized photooxidation reactions predominantly mediated by singlet oxygen together with a small contribution of hydroxyl radical that appear to also be implicated in the photodynamic effects of the blue light component of visible light. Chemiexcitation-mediated formation of "dark" cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in UVA-irradiated melanocytes is a recent major discovery that implicates in the initial stage, a delayed generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species giving rise to triplet excited carbonyl intermediate and possibly singlet oxygen. High-intensity UVC nanosecond laser radiation constitutes a suitable source of light to generate pyrimidine and purine radical cations in cellular DNA via efficient biphotonic ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dimitar Angelov
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule LMBC, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center IBG, Dokuz Eylul University, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Tonolli PN, Baptista MS. An important step towards the comprehensive sun protection: Blue-light exposure inhibits DNA repair in reconstituted human skin and a broadband sunscreen avoids this inhibition. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38828502 DOI: 10.1111/php.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The field of sun protection is quickly changing and the research article by Douki et al., published in the current issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology, reported key experimental data that will certainly help the development of better sun care products. Mutagenic photoproducts (CPDs, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4PPs, pyrimidine-6-4-pyrimidone photoproducts) were formed in the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) by UVB (312 nm) irradiation, and their concentrations were detected by HPLC-MS/MS as a function of time after the UVB treatment. RHE had been previously exposed or not (control) to blue light (427 nm). Both CPDs and 6-4PPs were shown to last longer in blue-light irradiated RHE, proving the inhibition of the DNA repair by blue light exposure. This is a highly relevant information because sunscreens allow people to enjoy longer periods under the sun and consequently, to endure very high doses of blue light. The work also reported results obtained with RHEs previously treated with a sunscreen formulation containing a broadband filter that offers blue-light protection. Interestingly, authors observed that the DNA repair was not significantly inhibited in RHE previously treated with the sunscreen offering broadband protection. Readers will find a scientifically sound proof of the importance of blue-light protection in sun care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Newton Tonolli
- Department of Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Quimica, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Juárez-Vicuña Y, Ruiz-Ojeda D, González-Ramírez J, Flores-Balderas X, Springall R, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Guzmán-Martín CA. LncRNA MALAT1 in Keratinocyte function: A review of recent advances. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:594-601. [PMID: 38532797 PMCID: PMC10963180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes, the principal epidermal cells, play a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of the skin. Beyond their protective role, keratinocytes are key contributors to the process of wound healing, as they migrate to injury sites, proliferate, and generate new layers of epidermis, facilitating tissue repair and remodeling. Moreover, keratinocytes actively participate in the skin's immune responses, expressing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect microbial components and interact with immune cells to influence adaptive immunity. Keratinocytes express a diverse repertoire of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulators to regulate their growth, differentiation, and response to environmental cues. Among these regulatory elements, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential players in keratinocyte biology. LncRNAs, including MALAT1, play diverse roles in gene regulation and cellular processes, influencing keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, migration, and response to environmental stimuli. Dysregulation of specific lncRNAs such as MALAT1 can disrupt keratinocyte homeostasis, leading to impaired differentiation, compromised barrier integrity, and contributing to the pathogenesis of various skin disorders. Understanding the intricate interplay between lncRNAs and keratinocytes offers promising insights into the molecular underpinnings of skin health and disease, with potential implications for targeted therapies and advancements in dermatological research. Hence, our objective is to provide a comprehensive summary of the available knowledge concerning keratinocytes and their intricate relationship with MALAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaneli Juárez-Vicuña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dayanara Ruiz-Ojeda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Medicina Interna, Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad de Petróleos Mexicanos, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Javier González-Ramírez
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Unidad de Ciencias de La Salud Campus Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ximena Flores-Balderas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rashidi Springall
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán-Martín
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Programas de Investigación, Hospital Shriners para Niños México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Mo X, Chen X, Pan X, Lu Y, Pan G, Xie J, Pan Z, Li L, Tian H, Li Y. Protective effect of Helianthus annuus seed byproduct extract on ultraviolet radiation-induced injury in skin cells. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:756-771. [PMID: 37727996 DOI: 10.1111/php.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Helianthus annuus seed byproduct is a residual product obtained after seed oil extraction. The present study investigated the preventive and repair effects of the H. annuus seed byproduct ethanol extract (HSE) on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced injury in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). Results revealed that the total phenolic acid and oligosaccharide content in HSE was >50%. HSE had a stronger preventive effect on UVR-induced injury than the repair effect. Moreover, phenolic acids were the main active component of HSE mediating the preventative effect. In HaCaTs and HSFs, HSE prevented UVR-induced injury by inhibiting excessive ROS production. It reduced the secretion of tumor necrosis TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by inhibiting the level of ROS, thus reducing inflammation-mediated injury to skin cells. In addition, HSE inhibited the expression of various mRNA kinases in the MAPK-ERK/p38/JNK pathway. This downregulated the expression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) mRNA and further reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 as well as reduced UVR-induced injury to the cells. In conclusion, HSE is a broad-spectrum, natural UV filter with high efficiency and low toxicity that has the potential to be used in sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojiao Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yantong Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Guangjuan Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jielan Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Key Laboratory of TCM Extraction and Purification and Quality Analysis (Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Traditional Chinese Pharmacology (Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), Nanning, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Extraction and Purification and Quality Analysis (Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Traditional Chinese Pharmacology (Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), Nanning, China
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Wang J, Wang M, Zhang C, Li W, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Flavel M, Xi Y, Li H, Liu X. Protective effects of sugarcane polyphenol against UV-B-induced photoaging in Balb/c mouse skin: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycosylation Effects. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3048-3063. [PMID: 38563092 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although the benefits of sugarcane polyphenol (SP) are well documented, its function in preventing photoaging has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SP in preventing ultraviolet (UV)-B-induced skin photoaging in Balb/c mice, as well as the underlying mechanism. Chlorogenic acid was determined to be the primary component of SP by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. SP and chlorogenic acid were orally administrated to mice for 56 days, and UV-B radiation exposure was administered 14 days after SP and chlorogenic acid administration and lasted 42 days to cause photoaging. SP and chlorogenic acid administrations significantly alleviated the UV-B-induced mouse skin photoaging, as indicated by the decrease in epidermal thickness, increase in the collagen (COL) volume fraction, and elevation in type 1 and type 3 COL contents. Notably, both SP and chlorogenic acid effectively reversed the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase induced by UV-B exposure in the mouse skin. Furthermore, SP and chlorogenic acid reduced the expression of receptor for advanced glycosylation end products in the mice; amplified the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase; reduced malondialdehyde levels; and decreased inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α levels. SP could be a prospective dietary supplement for anti-photoaging applications due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycosylation attributes, and chlorogenic acid might play a major role in these effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study can provide a scientific basis for the practical application of sugarcane polyphenols. We expect that sugarcane polyphenols can be used in food and beverage products to provide flavor while combating skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanv Zhou
- The Product Makers Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew Flavel
- The Product Makers Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Yu Xi
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Gracia-Cazaña T, Aguilera J, Navarro-Bielsa A, González S, Lim HW, Gilaberte Y. New trends on personalized sunscreens. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12967. [PMID: 38616500 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Nowadays, there are emerging trends in customized and personalized photoprotection, focusing on the innovative approaches to enhance sun protection efficacy tailored to individual needs. METHODS We conducted an electronic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Skin Register, and TESEO. Specific search terms related to personalized photoprotection and the variables of age, genetic predisposition, skin phototype, photodermatosis, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, as well as lifestyle habits were used. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The article highlights the challenges and opportunities in adopting personalized photoprotection strategies, aiming to promote skin health and prevent the harmful effects of UV radiation in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Aguilera
- Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Alba Navarro-Bielsa
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Henry Ford Medical Center-New Center One, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Fatima N, Yaqoob S, Rana S, Hameed A, Mirza MR, Jabeen A. In vitro photoprotective potential of aryl-sandwiched (thio)semicarbazones against UVA mediated cellular and DNA damage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 251:112841. [PMID: 38194816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent solar ultraviolet radiation is ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation. It is the inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a potent mediator of inflammation and photocarcinogenesis. Regular application of sunscreens containing UVA filters is an effective preventive measure in mitigating the risk associated with the formation of dermal carcinoma. Therefore, the development of new photoprotective agents is of great need. The current work examined the in vitro photoprotection of the aryl-linked (thio)semicarbazone derivatives against UVA-mediated DNA damage, inflammation, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and ROS. Except for the inflammatory cytokine assay, which was carried out on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line, all tests were conducted on the human dermal fibroblast (BJ) cell line. In comparison to benzophenone (reference compound), the compound (2Z, 2'Z)-2,2'-(1,3-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis (hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (DD-21) demonstrated considerable protection against UVA-induced damage. Compared to the UVA-irradiated control, DD-21 significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS (p < 0.001). In the presence of DD-21, the release of UVA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that DD-21 protected the cells from UVA-mediated DNA strand breaks and also inhibited the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) upon comparison to the UVA-exposed control cells (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that DD-21 exhibits remarkable photoprotective properties, thus demonstrating its potential as a candidate UVA filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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8
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Sarandy MM, Gonçalves RV, Valacchi G. Cutaneous Redox Senescence. Biomedicines 2024; 12:348. [PMID: 38397950 PMCID: PMC10886899 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of skin cell senescence involves the role of environmental stressors (UV, O3, cigarette smoke, particulate matter, etc.), lifestyle (diet, exercise, etc.) as well as genetic factors (metabolic changes, hormonal, etc.). The common mechanism of action of these stressors is the disturbance of cellular redox balance characterized by increased free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and when these overload the intrinsic antioxidant defense system, it can lead to an oxidative stress cellular condition. The main redox mechanisms that activate cellular senescence in the skin involve (1) the oxidative damage of telomeres causing their shortening; (2) the oxidation of proteomes and DNA damage; (3) an a in lysosomal mass through the increased activity of resident enzymes such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) as well as other proteins that are products of lysosomal activity; (4) and the increased expression of SASP, in particular pro-inflammatory cytokines transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB. However, the main targets of ROS on the skin are the proteome (oxi-proteome), followed by telomeres, nucleic acids (DNAs), lipids, proteins, and cytoplasmic organelles. As a result, cell cycle arrest pathways, lipid peroxidation, increased lysosomal content and dysfunctional mitochondria, and SASP synthesis occur. Furthermore, oxidative stress in skin cells increases the activity of p16INK4A and p53 as inhibitors of Rb and CDks, which are important for maintaining the cell cycle. p53 also promotes the inactivation of mTOR-mediated autophagic and apoptotic pathways, leading to senescence. However, these markers alone cannot establish the state of cellular senescence, and multiple analyses are encouraged for confirmation. An updated and more comprehensive approach to investigating skin senescence should include further assays of ox-inflammatory molecular pathways that can consolidate the understanding of cutaneous redox senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lee SJ, Lee D, Park SA, Park JJ, Park WH. Hyaluronic acid/polyphenol sunscreens with broad-spectrum UV protection properties from tannic acid and quercetin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128585. [PMID: 38056734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, commercial sunscreens cause a number of biotoxicity and environmental issues, making it imperative to develop biocompatible alternatives. In this study, we aimed to develop an alternative sunscreen from two ecofriendly and biocompatible natural polyphenolic compounds, tannic acid (TA) and quercetin (Que). The sunscreen was prepared through a simple process using an oil-in-water emulsion as the medium and hyaluronic acid (HA) as the base polymer to improve biocompatibility. The HA/TA/Que. sunscreen prepared in this study exhibits 0 % transmittance in the UVB region and <15 % transmittance in the UVA region, resulting in excellent sun-protection properties (SPF 30). Remarkably, the as-prepared HA/TA/Que. sunscreen has a suitable viscosity and similar UV protection properties to those of commercial sunscreens. The HA/TA/Que. sunscreen also exhibits 90.4 % antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, demonstrating an ability to effectively capture reactive oxygen species that directly affect the skin. In addition, the cell viability was >90 % at a concentration of 50 μg/mL after 7 days, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. Owing to its various advantageous features, the HA/TA/Que. sunscreen with excellent sun protection properties and multiple functionalities is expected to resolve many environmental and biological issues caused by commercial sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Su A Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jin Park
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Won Ho Park
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
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10
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Xiong J, Wang F, Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu Z. Preventive effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on skin aging in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24342. [PMID: 38293418 PMCID: PMC10826728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The irreversibility of aging makes anti-aging become an important research direction in the field of medical research. As the most direct manifestation of human aging, skin aging has been paid more and more attention. Stem cells have been used as a basis for anti-aging studies in skin, of which adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are more commonly used. In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were used, and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were intervened while making a skin aging model, which was planned to reduce the process of preventing skin aging in the study method. At the end of the experiment, rat skin and serum were taken for relevant data detection. The results showed that the contents of EGF and VEGF in serum and skin tissue of rats increased and the content of MDA decreased after the application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. At the same time, hUCMSC intervention increased skin thickness, increased dermal vessels, increased type I collagen type III collagen mRNA expression, and decreased MMP-1 content in rats. The results showed that hUCMSC could prevent skin aging in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, China
- Department of Plastic and Burns, First Affiliated Hospital of the National Sun Yat-sen University, Guizhou Hospital, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, China
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11
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Zhou Q, Wirtz BM, Schloemer TH, Burroughs MC, Hu M, Narayanan P, Lyu J, Gallegos AO, Layton C, Mai DJ, Congreve DN. Spatially Controlled UV Light Generation at Depth using Upconversion Micelles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301563. [PMID: 37548335 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
UV light can trigger a plethora of useful photochemical reactions for diverse applications, including photocatalysis, photopolymerization, and drug delivery. These applications typically require penetration of high-energy photons deep into materials, yet delivering these photons beyond the surface is extremely challenging due to absorption and scattering effects. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) shows great promise to circumvent this issue by generating high-energy photons from incident lower-energy photons. However, molecules that facilitate TTA-UC usually have poor water solubility, limiting their deployment in aqueous environments. To address this challenge, a nanoencapsulation method is leveraged to fabricate water-compatible UC micelles, enabling on-demand UV photon generation deep into materials. Two iridium-based complexes are presented for use as TTA-UC sensitizers with increased solubilities that facilitate the formation of highly emissive UV-upconverting micelles. Furthermore, this encapsulation method is shown to be generalizable to nineteen UV-emitting UC systems, accessing a range of upconverted UV emission profiles with wavelengths as low as 350 nm. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of precision photochemistry at depth, UV-emitting UC micelles are used to photolyze a fluorophore at a focal point nearly a centimeter beyond the surface, revealing opportunities for spatially controlled manipulation deep into UV-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Brendan M Wirtz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Tracy H Schloemer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Burroughs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Manchen Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Junrui Lyu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Arynn O Gallegos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Colette Layton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Danielle J Mai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
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12
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Shang Z, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu S. DNA damage repair molecular subtype derived immune signature applicable for the prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction in colon cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2781-2805. [PMID: 37969400 PMCID: PMC10643980 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway is one of the pathways of tumor pathogenesis, but its relationship with the immunophenotype has not been clarified in colon cancer (CC). Methods We identified the differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) between two DDR molecular subtypes, namely, C1 and C2, and used univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized Cox regression analysis to construct the risk score in the training cohort [n=1,009, a combination of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE39582]. Regarding the median risk score as the unified cutoff to classify the patients into high- and low-risk groups. Two independent cohorts (GSE17538, n=232; GSE38832, n=122) were used for external validation of the prognostic value of the risk score. The IMvigor210 cohort (n=348) was used to test the predictive value of the risk score for immunotherapy response. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to discover the underlying mechanism. Immune cell infiltration was quantified by the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. Results The high-risk group showed significantly reduced overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) compared to the low-risk group, and the two groups differed significantly in lymphatic invasion, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM stage, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, etc. The enrichment levels of pathways related to colorectal cancer, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, hypoxia, P53, TGF-β, KRAS signaling, etc., were upregulated in the high-risk group, but DDR-related pathways were defective in the high-risk group. The immunophenotypes of the high-risk group tended to be desert and excluded, and the risk score of patients who responded to immunotherapy was significantly lower than that of patients who did not respond to immunotherapy. The higher the infiltration levels of gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells), immature dendritic cells, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, the more significant adverse impact on the prognosis of CC patients was exhibited and an obviously positive correlation with the risk score was showed. Conclusions An immune gene risk score associated with the DDR molecular subtype was built and verified herein; that is applicable to the prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shang
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao Haici Medical Treatment Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Morresi C, Luccarini A, Marcheggiani F, Ferretti G, Damiani E, Bacchetti T. Modulation of paraoxonase-2 in human dermal fibroblasts by UVA-induced oxidative stress: A new potential marker of skin photodamage. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110702. [PMID: 37717644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) is an intracellular protein, that exerts a protective role against cell oxidative stress and apoptosis. Genetic and environmental factors (i.e. dietary factors, cigarette smoke, drugs) are able to modulate cellular PON2 levels. The effect of ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), the oxidizing component of sunlight, on PON2 in human dermal fibroblasts (HuDe) has not been previously explored. Excessive UVA radiation is known to cause direct and indirect skin damage by influencing intracellular signalling pathways through oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulate the expression of downstream genes involved in different processes, e.g. skin photoaging and cancer. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the modulation of PON2 in terms of protein expression and enzyme activity in HuDe exposed to UVA (270 kJ/m2). Our results show that PON2 is up-regulated immediately after UVA exposure and that its levels and activity decrease in the post-exposure phase, in a time-dependent manner (2-24 h). The trend in PON2 levels mirror the time-course study of UVA-induced ROS. To confirm this, experiments were also performed in the presence of a SPF30 sunscreen used as shielding agent to revert modulation of PON2 at 0 and 2 h post-UVA exposure where other markers of photo-oxidative stress were also examined (NF-KB, γH2AX, advanced glycation end products). Overall, our results show that the upregulation of PON2 might be related to the increase in intracellular ROS and may play an important role in mitigation of UVA-mediated damage and in the prevention of the consequences of UV exposure, thus representing a new marker of early-response to UVA-induced damage in skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Morresi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alessia Luccarini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Science and Odontostomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
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14
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Schöneich C. Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1142. [PMID: 37509177 PMCID: PMC10376966 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation represents a major pathway for the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical formulations. Few specific details are available on the mechanisms that trigger oxidation reactions in these formulations, specifically with respect to the formation of free radicals. Hence, these mechanisms must be formulated based on information on impurities and stress factors resulting from manufacturing, transportation and storage. In more detail, this article focusses on autoxidation, metal-catalyzed oxidation, photo-degradation and radicals generated from cavitation as a result of mechanical stress. Emphasis is placed on probable rather than theoretically possible pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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16
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Bommakanti KK, Kosaraju N, Tam K, Chai-Ho W, St John M. Management of Cutaneous Head and Neck Squamous and Basal Cell Carcinomas for Immunocompromised Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3348. [PMID: 37444461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) continues to rise, and more than one million cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. The increase in prevalence has been attributed to increased lifespan and improvements in survival for conditions that increase the risk of these malignancies. Patients who are immunocompromised have a higher risk of developing NMSC compared to the general population. In immunosuppressed patients, a combination of prevention, frequent surveillance, and early intervention are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. In this review, we collate and summarize current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of head and neck cutaneous SCC and BCC within immunocompromised patients, examine the potential role of the immune response in disease progression, and detail the role of novel immunotherapies in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Bommakanti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Nikitha Kosaraju
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Kenric Tam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Wanxing Chai-Ho
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Maie St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program (HNCP), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
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17
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Winge MCG, Kellman LN, Guo K, Tang JY, Swetter SM, Aasi SZ, Sarin KY, Chang ALS, Khavari PA. Advances in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5. [PMID: 37286893 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia involves sequential dysregulation of biological networks that govern essential functions of epithelial homeostasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prototype epithelial malignancy, often with a high tumour mutational burden. A plethora of risk genes, dominated by UV-induced sun damage, drive disease progression in conjunction with stromal interactions and local immunomodulation, enabling continuous tumour growth. Recent studies have identified subpopulations of SCC cells that specifically interact with the tumour microenvironment. These advances, along with increased knowledge of the impact of germline genetics and somatic mutations on cSCC development, have led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of skin cancer pathogenesis and have enabled progress in neoadjuvant immunotherapy, which has improved pathological complete response rates. Although measures for the prevention and therapeutic management of cSCC are associated with clinical benefit, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Elucidating how the genetic mechanisms that drive cSCC interact with the tumour microenvironment is a current focus in efforts to understand, prevent and treat cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Konnie Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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18
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Ashraf S, Deshpande N, Vasanth S, Melangath G, Wong RJ, Zhao Y, Price MO, Price FW, Jurkunas UV. Dysregulation of DNA repair genes in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109499. [PMID: 37169279 PMCID: PMC10246500 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD), a late-onset oxidative stress disorder, is the most common cause of corneal endothelial degeneration and is genetically associated with CTG repeat expansion in Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4). We previously reported accumulation of nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) damage in FECD. Specifically, mtDNA damage was a prominent finding in development of disease in the ultraviolet-A (UVA) induced FECD mouse model. We hypothesize that an aberrant DNA repair may contribute to the increased DNA damage seen in FECD. We analyzed differential expression profiles of 84 DNA repair genes by real-time PCR arrays using Human DNA Repair RT-Profiler plates using cDNA extracted from Descemet's membrane-corneal endothelium (DM-CE) obtained from FECD patients with expanded (>40) or non-expanded (<40) intronic CTG repeats in TCF4 gene and from age-matched normal donors. Change in mRNA expression of <0.5- or >2.0-fold in FECD relative to normal was set as cutoff for down- or upregulation. Downregulated mitochondrial genes were further validated using the UVA-based mouse model of FECD. FECD specimens exhibited downregulation of 9 genes and upregulation of 8 genes belonging to the four major DNA repair pathways, namely, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), and double strand break (DSB) repair, compared to normal donors. MMR gene MSH2 and BER gene POLB were preferentially upregulated in expanded FECD. BER genes LIG3 and NEIL2, DSB repair genes PARP3 and TOP3A, NER gene XPC, and unclassified pathway gene TREX1, were downregulated in both expanded and non-expanded FECD. MtDNA repair genes, Lig3, Neil2, and Top3a, were also downregulated in the UVA-based mouse model of FECD. Our findings identify impaired DNA repair pathways that may play an important role in DNA damage due to oxidative stress as well as genetic predisposition noted in FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ashraf
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Neha Deshpande
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shivakumar Vasanth
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Geetha Melangath
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Raymond J Wong
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Marianne O Price
- Price Vision Group and Cornea Research Foundation of America, Indianapolis, IN, 46260, United States
| | - Francis W Price
- Price Vision Group and Cornea Research Foundation of America, Indianapolis, IN, 46260, United States
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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19
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Korkola NC, Stillman MJ. Structural Role of Cadmium and Zinc in Metallothionein Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide: The Resilience of Metal-Thiolate Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6383-6397. [PMID: 36914167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state involving an imbalance of reactive oxygen species in a cell and is linked to a variety of diseases. The metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT) may play a role in protection due to its high cysteine content. Many studies have shown that oxidative stress will cause MT to both form disulfide bonds and release bound metals. However, studies on the more biologically relevant partially metalated MTs have been largely neglected. Additionally, most studies to date have used spectroscopic methods that cannot detect specific intermediate species. In this paper, we describe the oxidation and the subsequent metal displacement pathway of fully and partially metalated MTs with hydrogen peroxide. The rates of the reactions were monitored using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques, which resolved and characterized the individual intermediate Mx(SH)yMT species. The rate constants were calculated for each species formation. Through ESI-MS and circular dichroism spectroscopy, it was found that the three metals in the β-domain were the first to be released from the fully metalated MTs. The Cd(II) in the partially metalated Cd(II)-bound MTs rearranged to form a protective Cd4MT cluster structure upon exposure to oxidation. The partially metalated Zn(II)-bound MTs oxidized at a faster rate as the Zn(II) did not rearrange in response to oxidation. Additionally, density functional theory calculations showed that the terminally bound cysteines were more negative and thus more susceptible to oxidation than the bridging cysteines. The results of this study highlight the importance of metal-thiolate structures and metal identity in MT's response to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Korkola
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Martin J Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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20
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Negishi T, Xing F, Koike R, Iwasaki M, Wakasugi M, Matsunaga T. UVA causes specific mutagenic DNA damage through ROS production, rather than CPD formation, in Drosophila larvae. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 887:503616. [PMID: 37003653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that ultraviolet A (UVA) plays an important role in photo-carcinogenesis. However, the types of DNA damage involved in the resulting mutations remain unclear. Previously, using Drosophila, we found that UVA from light-emitting diode (LED-UVA) induces double-strand breaks in DNA through oxidative damage in an oxidative damage-sensitive (urate-null) strain. Recently, it was proposed that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which also are induced by UVA irradiation, might play a significant role in the induction of mutations. In the present study, we investigated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CPDs are produced in larval bodies following LED-UVA irradiation. In addition, we assessed the somatic cell mutation rate in urate-null Drosophila induced by monochromatic UVA irradiation. The production of ROS through LED-UVA irradiation was markedly higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type Drosophila. CPDs were detected in the DNA of both of UVA- and UVB-irradiated larvae. The level of CPDs was unexpectedly higher in the wild-type strain than in urate-null flies following UVA irradiation, whereas this parameter was expectedly similar between the urate-null and wild-type Drosophila following UVB irradiation. The somatic cell mutation rate induced by UVA irradiation was higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that mutations induced by UVA-specific pathways occur through ROS production, rather than via CPD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Negishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Fang Xing
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Manami Iwasaki
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Wakasugi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsunaga
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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21
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Enzyme-Digested Edible Bird’s Nest (EBND) Prevents UV and arid Environment-Induced Cellular Oxidative Stress, Cell Death and DNA Damage in Human Skin Keratinocytes and Three-Dimensional Epithelium Equivalents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030609. [PMID: 36978856 PMCID: PMC10045731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the repressive effects of enzyme-digested edible bird’s nest (EBND) on the combination of arid environment and UV-induced intracellular oxidative stress, cell death, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inflammatory responses in human HaCaT keratinocytes and three-dimensional (3D) epithelium equivalents. An oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assay showed that EBND exhibited excellent peroxyl radical scavenging activity and significantly increased cellular antioxidant capacity in HaCaT cells. When EBND was administered to HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums, it exhibited significant preventive effects on air-drying and UVA (Dry-UVA)-induced cell death and apoptosis. Dry-UVA markedly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums as quantified by CellROX® Green/Orange reagents. Once HaCaT cells and 3D epitheliums were pretreated with EBND, Dry-UVA-induced intracellular ROS were significantly reduced. The results from anti-γ-H2A.X antibody-based immunostaining showed that EBND significantly inhibited Dry-UVA-induced DSBs in HaCaT keratinocytes. Compared with sialic acid, EBND showed significantly better protection for both keratinocytes and 3D epitheliums against Dry-UVA-induced injuries. ELISA showed that EBND significantly suppressed UVB-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. In conclusion, EBND could decrease arid environments and UV-induced harmful effects and inflammatory responses in human keratinocytes and 3D epithelium equivalents partially through its antioxidant capacity.
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22
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Molecular basis of skin photoaging and therapeutic interventions by plant-derived natural product ingredients: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13580. [PMID: 36895391 PMCID: PMC9988502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sunlight are more prone to photoaging than unexposed areas evidenced by several signs which include skin dryness, irregular pigmentation, lentigines, hyperpigmentation, wrinkling, and decreased elasticity. Plant-based natural product ingredients with therapeutic potential against skin photoaging are gaining more attention. This article aims the reviewing the research work done in exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in UV-induced skin photoaging, followed by summarizing the mechanistic insights involved in its therapeutics by natural product-based ingredients. In the mechanistic section of the convoluted procedure of photoaging, we described the effect of UV radiation (UVR) on different cellular macromolecules (direct damage) and subsequently, the deleterious consequences of UVR-generated reactive oxygen species (indirect damage) and signaling pathways activated or inhibited by UV induced ROS generation in various cellular pathologies of skin photoaging like inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune suppression. We also discussed the effect of UV radiation on the adipose tissue, and transient receptor potential cation channel V of photoaging skin. In the past few decades, mechanistic studies performed in this area have deciphered various therapeutic targets, opening avenues for different available therapeutic options against this pathological condition. So the remaining portion of the review deals with various natural product-based therapeutic agents available against skin photodamage.
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Nakayama E, Kushibiki T, Mayumi Y, Fushuku S, Nakamura T, Kiyosawa T, Ishihara M, Azuma R. Optimal blue light irradiation conditions for the treatment of acne vulgaris in a mouse model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 239:112651. [PMID: 36680809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although blue light is one of the therapeutic approaches used to treat acne vulgaris (AV), there is no consensus on its effectiveness. As a result, it is not recommended in the major acne vulgaris treatment guidelines. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to look into the mechanism, safety, and efficacy of blue light therapy. We achieved this by examining the pathological response, inflammation, and depth of light penetration in a mouse model of cystic AV. METHODS The aims of the study were addressed by exposing the mice to light with a wavelength of 415 nm under four different irradiation conditions. The exposure was done for five consecutive days followed by a no irradiation period of 72 h. RESULTS Blue light treatment was most effective when irradiation was performed at 100 mW/cm2 for 20 min for five consecutive days. Inflammatory responses emerged 72 h after the final irradiation dose was administered. These responses were not associated with apoptosis as cleaved caspase-3 staining revealed no significant increases in apoptosis in the skin under any of the tested conditions. Blue light reached the superficial layer of the acne cyst at 5% of the total irradiation power and was attenuated by half for every 50 μm of progress through the cyst. CONCLUSION In conclusion, blue light could control severe dermatologic inflammatory responses; therefore, it can be used to irradiate AV with high inflammation levels on a daily basis until improvement is observed. In addition, porphyrin, a metabolite of Cutibacterium acnes, and reactive oxygen species generated by the surrounding skin tissue may have essential roles in AV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Nakayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yoshine Mayumi
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Seigo Fushuku
- Center for Laboratory Animal Science, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Laboratory for Mathematics, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kiyosawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Azuma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
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UVA induces retinal photoreceptor cell death via receptor interacting protein 3 kinase mediated necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:489. [PMID: 36509771 PMCID: PMC9744841 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light A (UVA) is the only UV light that reaches the retina and can cause indirect damage to DNA via absorption of photons by non-DNA chromophores. Previous studies demonstrate that UVA generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to programmed cell death. Programmed cell death (PCD) has been implicated in numerous ophthalmologic diseases. Here, we investigated receptor interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIPK1 and RIPK3) kinases, key signaling molecules of PCD, in UVA-induced photoreceptor injury using in vitro and ex vivo models. UVA irradiation activated RIPK3 but not RIPK1 and mediated necroptosis through MLKL that lie downstream of RIPK3 and induced apoptosis through increased oxidative stress. Moreover, RIPK3 but not RIPK1 inhibition suppresses UVA-induced cell death along with the downregulation of MLKL and attenuates the levels of oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, these results identify RIPK3, not RIPK1, as a critical regulator of UVA-induced necroptosis cell death in photoreceptors and highlight RIPK3 potential as a neuroprotective target.
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25
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Probing photoprotection properties of lipophilic chain conjugated thiourea-aryl group molecules to attenuate ultraviolet-A induced cellular and DNA damages. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20907. [PMID: 36463260 PMCID: PMC9719470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation is a major contributor to reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrite species (RNS), inflammation, and DNA damage, which causes photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the UVA protective potential of lipophilic chain conjugated thiourea-substituted aryl group molecules against UVA-induced cellular damages in human dermal fibroblasts (BJ cell line). We tested a series of nineteen (19) molecules for UVA photoprotection, from which 2',5'-dichlorophenyl-substituted molecule DD-04 showed remarkable UVA protection properties compared to the reference (benzophenone). The results indicate that DD-04 significantly reduced intracellular ROS and nitric oxide (NO) as compared to the UVA-irradiated control (p < 0.001). Moreover, the compound DD-04 showed anti-inflammatory activity as it significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by THP-1 (human monocytic) cells (p < 0.05). DNA damage was also prevented by DD-04 treatment in the presence of UVA. It was observed that DD-04 significantly reduced the number of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) when compared to the UVA-irradiated control (p < 0.001). Finally, the DNA strand breaks were checked and a single intact DNA band was seen upon treatment with DD-04 in the presence of UVA. In conclusion, DD-04 can be considered a potential candidate UVA filter due to its photoprotective potential.
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26
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Cabral AJ, Costello DC, Farny NG. The enigma of ultraviolet radiation stress granules: Research challenges and new perspectives. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1066650. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1066650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are non-membrane bound cytoplasmic condensates that form in response to a variety of different stressors. Canonical SGs are thought to have a cytoprotective role, reallocating cellular resources during stress by activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) to inhibit translation and avoid apoptosis. However, different stresses result in compositionally distinct, non-canonical SG formation that is likely pro-apoptotic, though the exact function(s) of both SGs subtypes remain unclear. A unique non-canonical SG subtype is triggered upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While it is generally agreed that UV SGs are bona fide SGs due to their dependence upon the core SG nucleating protein Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), the localization of other key components of UV SGs are unknown or under debate. Further, the dynamics of UV SGs are not known, though unique properties such as cell cycle dependence have been observed. This Perspective compiles the available information on SG subtypes and on UV SGs in particular in an attempt to understand the formation, dynamics, and function of these mysterious stress-specific complexes. We identify key gaps in knowledge related to UV SGs, and examine the unique aspects of their formation. We propose that more thorough knowledge of the distinct properties of UV SGs will lead to new avenues of understanding of the function of SGs, as well as their roles in disease.
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27
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Robinson KS, Toh GA, Rozario P, Chua R, Bauernfried S, Sun Z, Firdaus MJ, Bayat S, Nadkarni R, Poh ZS, Tham KC, Harapas CR, Lim CK, Chu W, Tay CWS, Tan KY, Zhao T, Bonnard C, Sobota R, Connolly JE, Common J, Masters SL, Chen KW, Ho L, Wu B, Hornung V, Zhong FL. ZAKα-driven ribotoxic stress response activates the human NLRP1 inflammasome. Science 2022; 377:328-335. [PMID: 35857590 PMCID: PMC7614315 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human NLRP1 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 1) is an innate immune sensor predominantly expressed in the skin and airway epithelium. Here, we report that human NLRP1 senses the ultraviolet B (UVB)- and toxin-induced ribotoxic stress response (RSR). Biochemically, RSR leads to the direct hyperphosphorylation of a human-specific disordered linker region of NLRP1 (NLRP1DR) by MAP3K20/ZAKα kinase and its downstream effector, p38. Mutating a single ZAKα phosphorylation site in NLRP1DR abrogates UVB- and ribotoxin-driven pyroptosis in human keratinocytes. Moreover, fusing NLRP1DR to CARD8, which is insensitive to RSR by itself, creates a minimal inflammasome sensor for UVB and ribotoxins. These results provide insight into UVB sensing by human skin keratinocytes, identify several ribotoxins as NLRP1 agonists, and establish inflammasome-driven pyroptosis as an integral component of the RSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Robinson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 308232 Singapore.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Laboratories (ASRL), 138648 Singapore
| | - Gee Ann Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Pritisha Rozario
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Rae Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Stefan Bauernfried
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zijin Sun
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | | | - Shima Bayat
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Rhea Nadkarni
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Zhi Sheng Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Khek Chian Tham
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Laboratories (ASRL), 138648 Singapore
| | - Cassandra R Harapas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Chrissie K Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Singapore.,Present address: MiroBio Limited, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Werncui Chu
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Celest W S Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Kiat Yi Tan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Laboratories (ASRL), 138648 Singapore
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 308232 Singapore.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Laboratories (ASRL), 138648 Singapore
| | - Radoslaw Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Singapore
| | - John E Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Singapore
| | - John Common
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Laboratories (ASRL), 138648 Singapore
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kaiwen W Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Singapore
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 639798 Singapore
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Franklin L Zhong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 308232 Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
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Buja A, Rugge M, De Luca G, Bovo E, Zorzi M, De Toni C, Cozzolino C, Vecchiato A, Del Fiore P, Spina R, Cinquetti S, Baldo V, Rossi CR, Mocellin S. Cutaneous Melanoma in Alpine Population: Incidence Trends and Clinicopathological Profile. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2165-2173. [PMID: 35323375 PMCID: PMC8947100 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies associated high-level exposure to ultraviolet radiation with a greater risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). This study focuses on the changing incidence of CMM over time (from 1990 to 2017) in the Veneto region of Northeast Italy, and its Alpine area (the province of Belluno). The clinicopathological profile of CMM by residence is also considered. A joinpoint regression analysis was performed to identify significant changes in the yearly incidence of CMM by sex and age. For each trend, the average annual percent change (AAPC) was also calculated. In the 2017 CMM cohort, the study includes a descriptive analysis of the disease's categorical clinicopathological variables. In the population investigated, the incidence of CMM has increased significantly over the last 30 years. The AAPC in the incidence of CMM was significantly higher among Alpine residents aged 0-49 than for the rest of the region's population (males: 6.9 versus 2.4; females 7.7 versus 2.7, respectively). Among the Alpine residents, the AAPC was 3.35 times greater for females aged 0-49 than for people aged 50+. The clinicopathological profile of CMM was significantly associated with the place of residence. Over three decades, the Veneto population has observed a significant increase in the incidence of CMM, and its AAPC. Both trends have been markedly more pronounced among Alpine residents, particularly younger females. While epidemiology and clinicopathological profiles support the role of UV radiation in CMM, the young age of this CMM-affected female population points to other possible host-related etiological factors. These findings also confirm the importance of primary and secondary prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Buja
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.D.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Azienda Zero, Veneto Tumor Registry (RTV), 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.D.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Emanuela Bovo
- Azienda Zero, Veneto Tumor Registry (RTV), 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Manuel Zorzi
- Azienda Zero, Veneto Tumor Registry (RTV), 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Chiara De Toni
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (A.V.); (C.R.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonella Vecchiato
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (A.V.); (C.R.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Paolo Del Fiore
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.D.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Romina Spina
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.D.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Sandro Cinquetti
- Hygiene and Public Health Service (SISP), Azienda ULSS 1 Dolomiti, 32100 Belluno, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Baldo
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.D.L.); (V.B.)
| | - Carlo Riccardo Rossi
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (A.V.); (C.R.R.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.D.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (A.V.); (C.R.R.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.D.F.); (R.S.)
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Deleterious impact of short duration UV-A exposure on the human sperm cell –An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Lawrence KP, Delinasios GJ, Premi S, Young AR, Cooke MS. Perspectives on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers-Rise of the Dark Dimers †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:609-616. [PMID: 34706095 DOI: 10.1111/php.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some early reports demonstrate that levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) may increase after UVR exposure had ended, although these observations were treated as artifacts. More recently, it has been shown unequivocally that CPD formation does occur post-irradiation, with maximal levels occurring after about 2-3 h. These lesions have been termed "dark CPD" (dCPD). Subsequent studies have confirmed their presence in vitro, in mouse models and in human skin in vivo. Melanin carbonyls have a role in the formation of dCPD, but they have also been observed in amelanotic systems, indicating other, unknown process(es) exist. In both cases, the formation of dCPD can be prevented by the presence of certain antioxidants. We lack data on the spectral dependence of dCPD, but it is unlikely to be the same as for incident CPD (iCPD), which are formed only during irradiation. There is evidence that iCPD and dCPD may have different repair kinetics, although this remains to be elucidated. It is also unknown whether iCPD and dCPD have different biological properties. The formation of dCPD in human skin in vivo has implications for post solar exposure photoprotection, and skin carcinogenesis, with a need for this to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Lawrence
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sanjay Premi
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Antony R Young
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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31
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Melanin, lipofuscin and the effects of visible light in the skin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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32
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Xian D, Guo M, Xu J, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhong J. Current evidence to support the therapeutic potential of flavonoids in oxidative stress-related dermatoses. Redox Rep 2021; 26:134-146. [PMID: 34355664 PMCID: PMC8354022 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1962094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin, as a crucial external defense organ, is more vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS) insult, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated OS in particular. OS results from a redox imbalance caused by various extrinsic stimuli and occurs once the oxidants production overwhelming the antioxidants capacity, through mediating in DNA damage, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein oxidation and a serial of signaling pathways activation/inactivation, thereby offering favorable conditions for the occurrence and development of numerous diseases especially some dermatoses, e.g. psoriasis, vitiligo, skin photodamage, skin cancer, systemic sclerosis (SSc), chloasma, atopic dermatitis (AD), pemphigus, etc. Targeting OS molecular mechanism, a variety of anti-OS agents emerge, in which flavonoids, natural plant extracts, stand out. OBJECTIVES To discuss the possible mechanisms of OS mediating in dermatoses and summarize the properties of flavonoids as well as their applications in OS-related skin disorders. METHODS Published papers on flavonoids and OS-related skin diseases were collected and reviewed via database searching on PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase, etc. RESULTS It has been confirmed that flavonoids, belonging to polyphenols, are a class of plant secondary metabolites widely distributed in various plants and possess diverse bioactivities especially their potent antioxidant capacity. Moreover, flavonoids benefit to suppress OS via eliminating free radicals and mediating the corresponding signals, further excellently working in the prevention and management of OS-related skin diseases. CONCLUSION Flavonoids have the potential therapeutic effects on oxidative stress-related dermatoses. However, more studies on specific mechanism as well as the dosage of flavonoids are needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Xian
- Department of Anatomy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglu Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangmeng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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33
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Warnig C, Wollina U. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region: A single center analysis of 1296 tumors with clinical characteristics, comorbidities, treatment, and sun-protection behavior. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14992. [PMID: 34009659 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer among Caucasians. We analyzed our data on tumors been treated between 2006 and 2016 at the Skin Cancer Center of an academic teaching hospital. Thousand hundred and ninety-four patients with 1296 SCC have been identified including 804 males (67.3%) and 390 females (32.7%). The mean age among females was significantly higher with (83.9 ± 7.9) years compared with males ([79.3 ± 8.1] years; P < .001). The most common tumor localizations were outer ears (n = 227, 17.5%), scalp (216, 16.7%), and forehead (215, 16.6%). The majority of tumors was stage I. 31.9% of patients had previous SCC or Bowen's cancer, 29.1% had actinic keratoses. Major non-dermatological comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. SCC were treated by delayed Mohs surgery. First Mohs procedure resulted in R0 status in 83.9%. Most cases with R1 resection were located on nose and eyelids. For a subpopulation of patients (n = 105), a structured questionnaire study evaluated changes in sun protection behavior after skin cancer. After the confirmed diagnosis of a cutaneous SCC concerns about harm to the skin by intense sunlight was reported by 78.4% (76) of participants, with 92.0% among females versus 73.6% among males. Eighty percent of females and 76.8% of males wanted to care more about sun-protection in the future, spend less time 84.0% (females) and 72.5% (males) in the sun, and adapt their leisure activities for a better sun protection in 92.0% (females) and 81.9% (males). Secondary prevention in males needs improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Warnig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany
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34
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Alfonso-Garcia A, Bec J, Weyers B, Marsden M, Zhou X, Li C, Marcu L. Mesoscopic fluorescence lifetime imaging: Fundamental principles, clinical applications and future directions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000472. [PMID: 33710785 PMCID: PMC8579869 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) is an optical spectroscopic imaging technique capable of real-time assessments of tissue properties in clinical settings. Label-free FLIm is sensitive to changes in tissue structure and biochemistry resulting from pathological conditions, thus providing optical contrast to identify and monitor the progression of disease. Technical and methodological advances over the last two decades have enabled the development of FLIm instrumentation for real-time, in situ, mesoscopic imaging compatible with standard clinical workflows. Herein, we review the fundamental working principles of mesoscopic FLIm, discuss the technical characteristics of current clinical FLIm instrumentation, highlight the most commonly used analytical methods to interpret fluorescence lifetime data and discuss the recent applications of FLIm in surgical oncology and cardiovascular diagnostics. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the future directions of clinical FLIm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alfonso-Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Julien Bec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brent Weyers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mark Marsden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Xiangnan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Laura Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, California
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He Y, Xu F, Ibrahim Z, Feyissa Q, Reed JL, Vostal JG. Viral reduction of human blood by ultraviolet A-photosensitized vitamin K5. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5134-5140. [PMID: 33837954 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Blood product transfusion can transmit viral pathogens. Pathogen reduction methods for blood products have been developed but, so far, are not available for whole blood. We evaluated if vitamin K5 (VK5) and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation could be used for virus inactivation in plasma and whole blood. Undiluted human plasma and whole blood diluted to 20% were spiked with high levels of vaccinia or Zika viruses. Infectious titers were measured by standard TCID50 assay before and after VK5/UVA treatments. Up to 3.6 log of vaccinia and 3.2 log of Zika were reduced in plasma by the combination of 500 μM VK5 and 3 J/cm2 UVA, and 3.1 log of vaccinia and 2.9 log of Zika were reduced in diluted human blood (20%) by the combination of 500 μM VK5 and 70 J/cm2 UVA. At end of whole blood treatment, hemolysis increased from 0.18% to 0.41% but remained below 1% hemolysis, which is acceptable to the Food and Drug Administration for red cell transfusion products. No significant alteration of biochemical parameters of red blood cells occurred with treatment. Our results provide proof of the concept that a viral pathogen reduction method based on VK5/UVA may be developed for whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, OTAT, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zina Ibrahim
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Qinati Feyissa
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer L Reed
- Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, OTAT, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaroslav G Vostal
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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36
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Ibuki Y, Komaki Y, Yang G, Toyooka T. Long-wavelength UVA enhances UVB-induced cell death in cultured keratinocytes: DSB formation and suppressed survival pathway. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:639-652. [PMID: 33978941 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation consists of both UVA and UVB. The wavelength-specific molecular responses to UV radiation have been studied, but the interaction between UVA and UVB has not been well understood. In this study, we found that long-wavelength UVA, UVA1, augmented UVB-induced cell death, and examined the underlying mechanisms. Human keratinocytes HaCaT were exposed to UVA1, followed by UVB irradiation. Irradiation by UVA1 alone showed no effect on cell survival, whereas the UVA1 pre-irradiation remarkably enhanced UVB-induced cell death. UVA1 delayed the repair of pyrimidine dimers formed by UVB and the accumulation of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins to damaged sites. Gap synthesis during NER was also decreased, suggesting that UVA1 delayed NER, and unrepaired pyrimidine dimers and single-strand breaks generated in the process of NER were left behind. Accumulation of this unrepaired DNA damage might have led to the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), as was detected using gel electrophoresis analysis and phosphorylated histone H2AX assay. Combined exposure enhanced the ATM-Chk2 signaling pathway, but not the ATR-Chk1 pathway, confirming the enhanced formation of DSBs. Moreover, UVA1 suppressed the UVB-induced phosphorylation of Akt, a survival signal pathway. These results indicated that UVA1 influenced the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage, which resulted in the formation of DSBs and enhanced cell death, suggesting the risk of simultaneous exposure to high doses of UVA1 and UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yukako Komaki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Guang Yang
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
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Choe JH, Mazambani S, Kim TH, Kim JW. Oxidative Stress and the Intersection of Oncogenic Signaling and Metabolism in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cells 2021; 10:606. [PMID: 33803326 PMCID: PMC8000417 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arise from both stratified squamous and non-squamous epithelium of diverse anatomical sites and collectively represent one of the most frequent solid tumors, accounting for more than one million cancer deaths annually. Despite this prevalence, SCC patients have not fully benefited from recent advances in molecularly targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Rather, decades old platinum-based or radiation regimens retaining limited specificity to the unique characteristics of SCC remain first-line treatment options. Historically, a lack of a consolidated perspective on genetic aberrations driving oncogenic transformation and other such factors essential for SCC pathogenesis and intrinsic confounding cellular heterogeneity in SCC have contributed to a critical dearth in effective and specific therapies. However, emerging evidence characterizing the distinct genomic, epigenetic, and metabolic landscapes of SCC may be elucidating unifying features in a seemingly heterogeneous disease. In this review, by describing distinct metabolic alterations and genetic drivers of SCC revealed by recent studies, we aim to establish a conceptual framework for a previously unappreciated network of oncogenic signaling, redox perturbation, and metabolic reprogramming that may reveal targetable vulnerabilities at their intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Simbarashe Mazambani
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Jung-whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.K.)
- Research and Development, VeraVerse Inc., 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Douki T. Wavelengths and temporal effects on the response of mammalian cells to UV radiation: Limitations of action spectra illustrated by genotoxicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 217:112169. [PMID: 33713895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
All photobiological events depend on the wavelength of the incident radiation. In real-life situations and in the vast majority of laboratory experiments, exposure always involves sources with various emission spectra spreading over a wide wavelength range. Action spectra are often used to describe the efficiency of a process at different wavelengths and to predict the effects of a given light source by summation of the individual effects at each wavelength. However, a full understanding of the biological effects of complex sources requires more than considering these concomitant events at each specific wavelength. Indeed, photons of different energies may not have additive but synergistic or inhibitory effects on photochemical processes and cellular responses. The evolution of a photobiological response with post-irradiation time must also be considered. These two aspects may represent some limitations to the use of action spectra. The present review, focused on mammalian cells, illustrates the concept of action spectrum and discusses its drawbacks using theoretical considerations and examples taken from the literature. Emphasis is placed on genotoxicity for which wavelength effects have been extensively studied. Other effects of UV exposure are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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Karisma VW, Wu W, Lei M, Liu H, Nisar MF, Lloyd MD, Pourzand C, Zhong JL. UVA-Triggered Drug Release and Photo-Protection of Skin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:598717. [PMID: 33644041 PMCID: PMC7905215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.598717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Light has attracted special attention as a stimulus for triggered drug delivery systems (DDS) due to its intrinsic features of being spatially and temporally tunable. Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation has recently been used as a source of external light stimuli to control the release of drugs using a "switch on- switch off" procedure. This review discusses the promising potential of UVA radiation as the light source of choice for photo-controlled drug release from a range of photo-responsive and photolabile nanostructures via photo-isomerization, photo-cleavage, photo-crosslinking, and photo-induced rearrangement. In addition to its clinical use, we will also provide here an overview of the recent UVA-responsive drug release approaches that are developed for phototherapy and skin photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega Widya Karisma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huawen Liu
- Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Matthew D. Lloyd
- Drug and Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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40
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Lopez-Gonzalez U, Casey A, J Byrne H. Monitoring the biochemical changes occurring to human keratinocytes exposed to solar radiation by Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000337. [PMID: 33098270 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solar radiation exposure is recognised to be a significant contributor to the development of skin cancer. Monitoring the simultaneous and consecutive mechanisms of interaction could provide a greater understanding of the process of photocarcinogenesis. This work presents an analysis of the biochemical and morphological changes occurring to immortalised human epithelial keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell cultures exposed to simulated solar radiation (SSR). Cell viability was monitored with the aid of the Alamar Blue assay, morphological examination was done with haematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and changes to the biochemical constituents (nucleic acids and proteins) as a result of the radiation insult were demonstrated through a combination of Raman microspectroscopy and multivariate analysis of spectral patterns. The spectral results suggest that SSR induces changes to the conformational structure of DNA as an immediate result of the radiation, whereas alteration in the protein signature is mostly seen as a later response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Lopez-Gonzalez
- School of Physics, Nanolab Research Center, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Casey
- School of Physics, Nanolab Research Center, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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41
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Gorini F, Scala G, Cooke MS, Majello B, Amente S. Towards a comprehensive view of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine: Highlighting the intertwined roles of DNA damage and epigenetics in genomic instability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 97:103027. [PMID: 33285475 PMCID: PMC7926032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a major product of DNA oxidation, is a pre-mutagenic lesion which is prone to mispair, if left unrepaired, with 2'-deoxyadenosine during DNA replication. While unrepaired or incompletely repaired 8-oxodG has classically been associated with genome instability and cancer, it has recently been reported to have a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Despite the growing collection of genome-wide 8-oxodG mapping studies that have been used to provide new insight on the functional nature of 8-oxodG within the genome, a comprehensive view that brings together the epigenetic and the mutagenic nature of the 8-oxodG is still lacking. To help address this gap, this review aims to provide (i) a description of the state-of-the-art knowledge on both the mutagenic and epigenetic roles of 8-oxodG; (ii) putative molecular models through which the 8-oxodG can cause genome instability; (iii) a possible molecular model on how 8-oxodG, acting as an epigenetic signal, could cause the translocations and deletions which are associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
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42
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Diniyah N, Alam MB, Choi HJ, Lee SH. Lablab Purpureus Protects HaCaT Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death through Nrf2-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression via the Activation of p38 and ERK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228583. [PMID: 33202535 PMCID: PMC7697790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation induces the extreme production of either reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of 70% ethanolic extract of Lablab purpureus (LPE) and the underlying mechanisms using HaCaT cells exposed to UV-B. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin in LPE. LPE was shown to have a very potent capacity to scavenge free radicals. The results showed that LPE prevented DNA damage and inhibited the generation of ROS in HaCaT cells without causing any toxicity. LPE increased the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase-1 and catalase. Furthermore, LPE treatment facilitates the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2), boosting the phase II detoxifying enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) leading to the combatting of oxidative stress. However, pretreatment of LPE also caused the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK kinase) (p38 kinase) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas treatment with p38 and ERK inhibitors substantially suppressed LPE-induced Nrf2 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. These findings suggest that LPE exhibits antioxidant activity via Nrf-2-mediated HO-1 signaling through the activation of p38 and ERK, indicating that LPE can potentially be used as a remedy to combat oxidative stress-induced disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurud Diniyah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Jember, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.D.); (M.B.A.); (H.-J.C.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7754
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43
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An M, Kim H, Moon JM, Ko HS, Clayton P, Lim YH. Enzyme-Treated Zizania latifolia Ethanol Extract Protects from UVA Irradiation-Induced Wrinkle Formation via Inhibition of Lysosome Exocytosis and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100912. [PMID: 32987843 PMCID: PMC7600157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) is a risk factor for photoaging and wrinkle formation. Zizania latifolia is an herbaceous perennial plant. It contains many bioactive compounds such as tricin that show antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiwrinkle effect of a mixture of hydrolytic enzyme (cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase)-treated Z. latifolia extract (ZLE) and tricin on UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and SKH-1 hairless mice. Treatment of UVA-irradiated HDF cells with ZLE and tricin significantly decreased UVA induced-plasma membrane rupture, generation of ROS, expression levels of total and secreted lysosomal associated membrane protein (LAMP-1), cathepsin B and metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibited NF-κB activation. In the animal study, UVA-damaged epidermal and dermal tissues were repaired by the ZLE and tricin treatments. Administration of ZLE or tricin to UVA-irradiated animals recovered skin surface moisture and collagen fiber in dermal tissue. Treatment of ZLE or tricin decreased wrinkle formation, secretion of MMPs and expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cathepsin B, and increased the expression level of collagen-1 in UVA-irradiated animals. Overall, the ZLE and tricin treatments decreased the skin damage induced by UVA irradiation via inhibition of lysosomal exocytosis and ROS generation. Therefore, ZLE and tricin are promising as antiwrinkle and antiphotoaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirae An
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyungkeun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute (BK21 PLUS Program), Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduated School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BTC Corporation, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea;
| | | | - Hyun-Soo Ko
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Paul Clayton
- Institute of Food, Brain and Behaviour, Beaver House, 23-38 Hyde Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EP, UK;
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-5635
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Chintala SM, Throgmorton JC, Maness PF, McCulla RD. Visible light‐induced photodeoxygenation of polycyclic selenophene
Se
‐oxides. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter F. Maness
- Department of Chemistry Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ryan D. McCulla
- Department of Chemistry Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
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Abstract
Laminarin, a β-(1,3)-glucan from the seaweed Laminaria digitata, is a polysaccharide which provides anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Its influence on both human dermal fibroblasts adult (HDFa) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) has not been established yet. Herein, laminarin effects were examined on skin cells’ mitochondrial and antioxidant activities. Cytokines, hyaluronic acid, and procollagen type I secretions and interaction mechanisms were explored after a maximum of 72 h treatment with laminarin. Our results demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial activities with 72 h treatment with laminarin from 500 µg.mL−1 for NHEK cells and from 100 µg.mL−1 for HDFa cells without cytotoxicity. No variation of hyaluronic acid or type I procollagen was observed for all laminarin concentrations, while an antioxidant effect was found against reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 1 µg.mL−1 for HDFa cells in both H2O2 and UVA radiation conditions, and from 10 µg.mL−1 and 1 µg.mL−1 for NHEK cells in both H2O2 and UVA radiation conditions, respectively. Laminarin treatment modulated both cells surface glycosylation and cytokine secretions of skin cells. Overall, our data suggest a positive effect of β-(1,3)-glucan on skin cells on oxidative stress and inflammation induced by environmental factors. Of note, these effects are through the modulation of glycan and receptors interactions at the skin cells surface.
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Medaka ( Oryzias latipes) Embryo as a Model for the Screening of Compounds That Counteract the Damage Induced by Ultraviolet and High-Energy Visible Light. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165769. [PMID: 32796742 PMCID: PMC7460826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous overexposure to sunlight increases its harmful effects on the skin. For this reason, there is a growing need to characterize economic models more representative of the negative effects and counteracting responses that irradiation causes on human skin. These models will serve for the screening of protective compounds against damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) and high energy visible light (HEV). Therefore, two common in vitro models employed for sunlight irradiation studies, namely human keratinocyte HaCat culture and reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), were compared with the medaka fish embryo model, traditionally used in other scientific disciplines. Using suberythemal doses of UVA and HEV to determine the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and thymine dimers formed by UVB, we show that medaka embryo responds with a lower damage level, more comparable to human skin, than the other two models, probably due to the protective mechanisms that work in a complete organism. In the same way, the protective effects of antioxidant compounds have the greatest effect on medaka embryos. Taken together, these findings suggest that medaka embryos would be a good alternative in vitro model for sunlight effect studies, and for the screening of molecules with counteracting capacity against the damage caused by UV and HEV.
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47
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Xiao L, Liao F, Fan Y, Miwa N. Enzyme-digested Colla Corii Asini (E'jiao) accelerates wound healing and prevents ultraviolet A-induced collagen synthesis decline and wrinkle formation in three-dimensional skin equivalents. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1056-1067. [PMID: 32761322 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing delay, collagen synthesis decline and wrinkle formation are the common features of skin aging. The aim of this study is to investigate repressive effects of Colla Corii Asini (CCA) (a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for anti-aging) on hydrogen peroxide (300 µM, 2 h) and ultraviolet A (UVA) (3.2 mJ/cm2)-induced skin aging in vitro. To simulate the in vivo condition of CCA, CCA was digested by gastrointestinal enzymes and added to human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and three dimensional (3D) skin equivalents at different concentrations. Cell viability assay showed that the enzyme-digested CCA (CCAD) exhibited significant preventive effects on hydrogen peroxide- and UVA-induced cell death. The in vitro scratch assay showed that CCAD was able to prevent hydrogen peroxide-induced wound healing delay in HGF cell sheets. Immunostaining and imaging analysis showed that CCAD could suppress UVA-reduced expression of type IV collagen and elastin in both HGF cells and the 3D skin equivalents. Using a tissue stretching system, wrinkles were formed on UVA-irradiated 3D skin equivalents. Without CCAD-treatment, the wrinkles on the skin were deep, whereas CCAD markedly reduced the depth of wrinkles. In conclusion, CCAD could protect skin cells from oxidative stress and UVA-induced harmful effects, accelerate wound healing, promote synthesis of collagen and elastin, and reduce wrinkles formation. CCAD might be developed as an anti-skin aging reagent in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan.
| | - Feng Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liao Cheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liao Cheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nobuhiko Miwa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Milionis A, Tripathy A, Donati M, Sharma CS, Pan F, Maniura-Weber K, Ren Q, Poulikakos D. Water-Based Scalable Methods for Self-Cleaning Antibacterial ZnO-Nanostructured Surfaces. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020; 59:14323-14333. [PMID: 32831473 PMCID: PMC7434054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Bacterial
colonization poses significant health risks, such as
infestation of surfaces in biomedical applications and clean water
unavailability. If maintaining the surrounding water clean is a target,
developing surfaces with strong bactericidal action, which is facilitated
by bacterial access to the surface and mixing, can be a solution.
On the other hand, if sustenance of a surface free of bacteria is
the goal, developing surfaces with ultralow bacterial adhesion often
suffices. Here we report a facile, scalable, and environmentally benign
strategy that delivers customized surfaces for these challenges. For
bactericidal action, nanostructures of inherently antibacterial ZnO,
through simple immersion of zinc in hot water, are fabricated. The
resulting nanostructured surface exhibits extreme bactericidal effectiveness
(9250 cells cm–2 h–1) that eliminates
bacteria in direct contact and also remotely through the action of
reactive oxygen species. Remarkably, the remote bactericidal action
is achieved without the need for any illumination, otherwise required
in conventional approaches. As a result, ZnO nanostructures yield
outstanding water disinfection of >99.98%, in the dark, by inactivating
the bacteria within 3 h. Moreover, Zn2+ released to the
aqueous medium from the nanostructured ZnO surface have a concentration
of 0.73 ± 0.15 ppm, markedly below the legal limit for safe drinking
water (5–6 ppm). The same nanostructures, when hydrophobized
(through a water-based or fluorine-free spray process), exhibit strong
bacterial repulsion, thus substantially reducing bacterial adhesion.
Such environmentally benign and scalable methods showcase pathways
toward inhibiting surface bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Milionis
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Abinash Tripathy
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Donati
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chander Shekhar Sharma
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fei Pan
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Exoenzyme C3 transferase lowers actin cytoskeleton dynamics, genomic stability and survival of malignant melanoma cells under UV-light stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111947. [PMID: 32652466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is the major motor of cytoskeleton dynamics driving tumor cell adhesion, migration and invasion. The typical RhoA, RhoB and RhoC GTPases are the main regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The C3 exoenzyme transferase from Clostridium botulinum is a toxin that causes the specific ADP-ribosylation of Rho-like proteins, leading to its inactivation. Here, we examine what effects the Rho GTPase inhibition and the consequent actin cytoskeleton instability would have on the emergence of DNA damage and on the recovery of genomic stability of malignant melanoma cells, as well as on their survival. Therefore, the MeWo cell line, here assumed as a melanoma cell line model for the expression of genes involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, was transiently transfected with the C3 toxin and subsequently exposed to UV-radiation. Phalloidin staining of the stress fibers revealed that actin cytoskeleton integrity was strongly disrupted by the C3 toxin in association with reduced melanoma cells survival, and further enhanced the deleterious effects of UV light. MeWo cells with actin cytoskeleton previously perturbed by the C3 toxin still showed higher levels and accumulation of UV-damaged DNA (strand breaks and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, CPDs). The interplay between reduced cell survival and impaired DNA repair upon actin cytoskeleton disruption can be explained by constitutive ERK1/2 activation and an inefficient phosphorylation of DDR proteins (γH2AX, CHK1 and p53) caused by C3 toxin treatment. Altogether, these results support the general idea that actin network help to protect the genome of human cells from damage caused by UV light through unknown molecular mechanisms that tie the cytoskeleton to processes of genomic stability maintenance.
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