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Samuel VP, Moglad E, Afzal M, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Ali H, Almujri SS, Abida, Imran M, Gupta G, Chinni SV, Tiwari A. Exploring Ubiquitin-specific proteases as therapeutic targets in Glioblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155443. [PMID: 38981348 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains a formidable challenge and requires new treatment strategies. The vital part of the Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in cellular regulation has positioned it as a potentially crucial target in GB treatment, given its dysregulation oncolines. The Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) in the UPS system were considered due to the garden role in the cellular processes associated with oncolines and their vital function in the apoptotic process, cell cycle regulation, and autophagy. The article provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence base for targeting USPs as potential factors for neoplasm treatment. The review considers the participation of the UPS system in the development, resulting in the importance of p53, Rb, and NF-κB, and evaluates specific goals for therapeutic administration using midnight proteasomal inhibitors and small molecule antagonists of E1 and E2 enzymes. Despite the slowed rate of drug creation, recent therapeutic discoveries based on USP system dynamics hold promise for specialized therapies. The review concludes with an analysis of future wanderers and the feasible effects of targeting USPs on personalized GB therapies, which can improve patient hydration in this current and unattractive therapeutic landscape. The manuscript emphasizes the possibility of USP oncogene therapy as a promising alternative treatment line for GB. It stresses the direct creation of research on the medical effectiveness of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Paul Samuel
- Department of Anatomy, RAK College of Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, the United Arab Emirates
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome-Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh V Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajpur, Moradabad 244102, India.
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Yang Y, Jia S, Zhu N, Xiao X, Ma Y, Tu K, Guo Y, Xu Q. OTUD5 promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SLC38A1. Biol Direct 2024; 19:31. [PMID: 38658981 PMCID: PMC11041014 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) cleave ubiquitin on substrate molecules to maintain protein stability. DUBs reportedly participate in the tumorigenesis and tumour progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OTU deubiquitinase 5 (OTUD5), a DUB family member, has been recognized as a critical regulator in bladder cancer, breast cancer and HCC. However, the expression and biological function of OTUD5 in HCC are still controversial. RESULTS We determined that the expression of OTUD5 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues. High levels of OTUD5 were also detected in most HCC cell lines. TCGA data analysis demonstrated that high OTUD5 expression indicated poorer overall survival in HCC patients. OTUD5 silencing prominently suppressed HCC cell proliferation, while its overexpression markedly enhanced the proliferation of HCC cells. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed solute carrier family 38 member 1 (SLC38A1) as a candidate downstream target protein of OTUD5. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the interaction between OTUD5 and SLC38A1. OTUD5 knockdown reduced and OTUD5 overexpression increased SLC38A1 protein levels in HCC cells. However, OTUD5 alteration had no effect on SLC38A1 mRNA expression. OTUD5 maintained SLC38A1 stability by preventing its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. SLC38A1 silencing prominently attenuated the OTUD5-induced increase in HCC cell proliferation. Finally, OTUD5 knockdown markedly suppressed the growth of HCC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS OTUD5 is an oncogene in HCC. OTUD5 contributes to HCC cell proliferation by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SLC38A1. These results may provide a theoretical basis for the development of new anti-HCC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Siying Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuelian Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, 710018, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shangluo Central Hospital, 726000, Shangluo, China.
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, China.
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Cao X, Yan Z, Chen Z, Ge Y, Hu X, Peng F, Huang W, Zhang P, Sun R, Chen J, Ding M, Zong D, He X. The Emerging Role of Deubiquitinases in Radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1347-1370. [PMID: 38092257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a primary treatment for cancer, but radioresistance remains a significant challenge in improving efficacy and reducing toxicity. Accumulating evidence suggests that deubiquitinases (DUBs) play a crucial role in regulating cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Traditional small-molecule DUB inhibitors have demonstrated radiosensitization effects, and novel deubiquitinase-targeting chimeras (DUBTACs) provide a promising strategy for radiosensitizer development by harnessing the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review highlights the mechanisms by which DUBs regulate radiosensitivity, including DNA damage repair, the cell cycle, cell death, and hypoxia. Progress on DUB inhibitors and DUBTACs is summarized, and their potential radiosensitization effects are discussed. Developing drugs targeting DUBs appears to be a promising alternative approach to overcoming radioresistance, warranting further research into their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhi Ge
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyu Peng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingchuan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruozhou Sun
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Tao Y, Xu X, Shen R, Miao X, He S. Roles of ubiquitin‑specific protease 13 in normal physiology and tumors (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:58. [PMID: 38192665 PMCID: PMC10773187 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 13 (USP13) is one of the most important deubiquitinases involved in various diseases. As deubiquitinases are components of the deubiquitination process, a significant post-translational modification, they are potential treatment targets for different diseases. With recent technological developments, the structure of USP13 and its pathological and physiological functions have been investigated. However, USP13 expression and function differ in various diseases, especially in tumors, and the associated mechanisms are complex and remain to be fully investigated. The present review summarized the recent discoveries and the current understanding of the USP13 function in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Miao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
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Wehrmann M, Vilchez D. The emerging role and therapeutic implications of bacterial and parasitic deubiquitinating enzymes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303072. [PMID: 38077335 PMCID: PMC10703165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are emerging as key factors for the infection of human cells by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies on the role of deubiquitinase activity in exploiting and manipulating ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent host processes during infection. The studies discussed here highlight the importance of DUB host-pathogen research and underscore the therapeutic potential of inhibiting pathogen-specific DUB activity to prevent infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wehrmann
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Yan B, Guo J, Wang Z, Ning J, Wang H, Shu L, Hu K, Chen L, Shi Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Tao Y, Xiao D. The ubiquitin-specific protease 5 mediated deubiquitination of LSH links metabolic regulation of ferroptosis to hepatocellular carcinoma progression. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e337. [PMID: 37492786 PMCID: PMC10363799 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators and posttranslational modifications of proteins play important roles in various kinds of cancer cell death, including ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death. However, the interplay of chromatin modifiers and deubiquitinase (DUB) in ferroptosis remains unclear. Here, we found that ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) is regarded as a bona fide DUB of lymphoid-specific helicase (LSH), a DNA methylation repressor, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Functional studies reveal that USP5 interacts with LSH and stabilizes LSH by a deubiquitylation activity-dependent process. Furthermore, the USP5-mediated deubiquitination of LSH facilitates the tumorigenesis of HCC by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) to suppress ferroptosis of liver cancer cells. Moreover, the USP5 inhibitor degrasyn inhibits DUB activities of USP5 to LSH to suppress the progression of HCC. Additionally, USP5 and LSH are positively correlated and both are overexpressed and linked to poor prognosis in HCC patients. Together, our findings show that USP5 interacts with LSH directly and enhances LSH protein stability through deubiquitination, which, in turn, promotes the development of HCC by suppressing ferroptosis of liver cancer cells, suggesting that USP5 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokang Yan
- Department of PathologyZhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityZhuzhouHunanChina
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jiaxing Guo
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zuli Wang
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jieling Ning
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Long Shu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Kuan Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of OncologyInstitute of Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education)Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung CancerSecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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7
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Yan B, Guo J, Deng S, Chen D, Huang M. A pan-cancer analysis of the role of USP5 in human cancers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8972. [PMID: 37268697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTM) such as acetylation, deubiquitination, and phosphorylation of proteins, play important roles in various kinds of cancer progression. Ubiquitin-specific proteinase 5 (USP5), a unique member of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) which recognizes unanchored polyubiquitin specifically, could regulate the stability of many tumorigenesis-associated proteins to influence cancer initiation and progression. However, the diverse biological significance of USP5 in pan-cancer has not been systematically and comprehensively studied. Here, we explored the role of USP5 in pan-cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, and we also acquired and analyzed data via various software and web platforms such as R, GEPIA2.0, HPA, TISIDB, cBioPortal, UALCAN, TIMER 2.0, CancerSEA and BioGRID. USP5 expression was high in most cancers and differed significantly in different molecular and immune subtypes of cancers. In addition, USP5 had certain diagnostic value in multiple cancers, and high expression of USP5 generally predicted poor prognosis for cancer patients. We also found that the most frequent genetic alterations type of USP5 was mutation, and the DNA methylation level of USP5 decreased in various cancers. Furthermore, USP5 expression correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (EC) and genetic markers of immunodulators in cancers. Moreover, the result from single cell sequencing showed that USP5 could regulate several tumor biological behaviors such as apoptosis, DNA damage and metastasis. Gene enrichment analysis indicated "spliceosome" and "RNA splicing" may be the critical mechanism for USP5 to involve in cancer. Taken together, our study elucidates the biological significance of USP5 in the diagnosis, prognosis and immune in human pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
| | - Meiyuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
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8
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Qiu W, Xiao Z, Yang Y, Jiang L, Song S, Qi X, Chen Y, Yang H, Liu J, Chu L. USP10 deubiquitinates RUNX1 and promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:207. [PMID: 36949071 PMCID: PMC10033651 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal (MES) subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive, malignant and proliferative cancer that is resistant to chemotherapy. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was shown to support MES GBM, however, its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identified USP10 as a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates RUNX1 stabilization and is mainly expressed in MES GBM. Overexpression of USP10 upregulated RUNX1 and induced proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT), thus maintaining MES properties in GBM. Conversely, USP10 knockdown inhibited RUNX1 and resulted in the loss of MES properties. USP10 was shown to interact with RUNX1, with RUNX1 being stabilized upon deubiquitylation. Moreover, we found that USP10 inhibitor Spautin-1 induced RUNX1 degradation and inhibited MES properties in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, USP10 was strongly correlated with RUNX1 expression in samples of different subtypes of human GBM and had prognostic value for GBM patients. We identified USP10 as a key deubiquitinase for RUNX1 protein stabilization. USP10 maintains MES properties of GBM, and promotes PMT of GBM cells. Our study indicates that the USP10/RUNX1 axis may be a potential target for novel GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Zumu Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Yushi Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lishi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Shibin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yimin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
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Kaushal K, Kim EJ, Tyagi A, Karapurkar JK, Haq S, Jung HS, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Genome-wide screening for deubiquitinase subfamily identifies ubiquitin-specific protease 49 as a novel regulator of odontogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1689-1704. [PMID: 35273362 PMCID: PMC9433428 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins expressed by the paired box gene 9 (PAX9) and Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) are intimately involved in tooth development (odontogenesis). The regulation of PAX9 and MSX1 protein turnover by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plausibly maintain the required levels of PAX9 and MSX1 during odontogenesis. Herein, we used a loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9-mediated DUB KO library kit to screen for DUBs that regulate PAX9 and MSX1 protein levels. We identify and demonstrate that USP49 interacts with and deubiquitinates PAX9 and MSX1, thereby extending their protein half-lives. On the other hand, the loss of USP49 reduces the levels of PAX9 and MSX1 proteins, which causes transient retardation of odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells and delays the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into the neural crest cell lineage. USP49 depletion produced several morphological defects during tooth development, such as reduced dentin growth with shrunken enamel space, and abnormal enamel formation including irregular mineralization. In sum, our results suggest that deubiquitination of PAX9 and MSX1 by USP49 stabilizes their protein levels to facilitate successful odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | | | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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10
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Chow PM, Dong JR, Chang YW, Kuo KL, Lin WC, Liu SH, Huang KH. The UCHL5 Inhibitor b-AP15 Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance via Suppression of Cancer Stemness in Urothelial Carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY - ONCOLYTICS 2022; 26:387-398. [PMID: 36090476 PMCID: PMC9421311 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) comprises the majority of bladder cancers. Standard platinum-based chemotherapy has a response rate of approximately 50%, but drug resistance develops after short-term treatment. Deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme inhibitors increase protein polyubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which might further suppress cancer stemness and overcome cisplatin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect and potential mechanisms of b-AP15 on urothelial carcinoma. Our results revealed that b-AP15 induced ER stress and apoptosis in BFTC905, T24, T24/R (cisplatin-resistant), and RT4 urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of the MYC signaling pathway and cancer stemness by b-AP15 was confirmed by RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and sphere-forming assays. In the mouse xenograft model, the combination of b-AP15 and cisplatin showed superior therapeutic effects compared with either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ming Chow
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Dong
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Corresponding author Kuo-How Huang, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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11
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c-MYC-USP49-BAG2 axis promotes proliferation and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 607:117-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Tu R, Ma J, Zhang P, Kang Y, Xiong X, Zhu J, Li M, Zhang C. The emerging role of deubiquitylating enzymes as therapeutic targets in cancer metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:130. [PMID: 35307036 PMCID: PMC8935717 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the unbridled proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming provides not only the advantage for cancer cell proliferation but also new targets for cancer treatment. However, the plasticity of the metabolic pathways makes them very difficult to target. Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that cleave ubiquitin from the substrate proteins and process ubiquitin precursors. While the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, many DUBs have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression via controlling the dysregulated cancer metabolism, and consequently recognized as potential drug targets for cancer treatment. In this article, we summarized the significant progress in understanding the key roles of DUBs in cancer cell metabolic rewiring and the opportunities for the application of DUBs inhibitors in cancer treatment, intending to provide potential implications for both research purpose and clinical applications.
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13
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Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9-Based Screening for Deubiquitinase Subfamily Identifies Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 11 as a Novel Regulator of Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020856. [PMID: 35055037 PMCID: PMC8778097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteoblast differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells must be tightly regulated, as inadequate bone mineralization can lead to osteoporosis, and excess bone formation can cause the heterotopic ossification of soft tissues. The balanced protein level of Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) is critical during normal osteogenesis. To understand the factors that prevent MSX1 protein degradation, the identification of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) for MSX1 is essential. In this study, we performed loss-of-function-based screening for DUBs regulating MSX1 protein levels using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We identified ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) as a protein regulator of MSX1 and further demonstrated that USP11 interacts and prevents MSX1 protein degradation by its deubiquitinating activity. Overexpression of USP11 enhanced the expression of several osteogenic transcriptional factors in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Additionally, differentiation studies revealed reduced calcification and alkaline phosphatase activity in USP11-depleted cells, while overexpression of USP11 enhanced the differentiation potential of hMSCs. These results indicate the novel role of USP11 during osteogenic differentiation and suggest USP11 as a potential target for bone regeneration.
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14
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Yang D, Zhang N, Li M, Hong T, Meng W, Ouyang T. The Hippo Signaling Pathway: The Trader of Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772134. [PMID: 34858852 PMCID: PMC8632547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway regulates cancer biology in many aspects and the crosstalk with other pathways complicates its role. Accumulated evidence has shown that the bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) are the premises of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. The relationship among different components of the TME constitutes a three-dimensional network. We point out the core position of the Hippo pathway in this network and discuss how the regulatory inputs cause the chain reaction of the network. We also discuss the important role of Hippo-TME involvement in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Yang
- Department of the Forth Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Taohui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Wang J, Liu R, Mo H, Xiao X, Xu Q, Zhao W. Deubiquitinase PSMD7 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells by stabilizing RAD23B. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3331-3342. [PMID: 34512150 PMCID: PMC8416741 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a crucial post-translational modification, controls substrate degradation and can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs). An increasing number of studies are showing that DUBs regulate the malignant behavior and chemotherapy resistance of gastric cancer (GC) by stabilizing various proteins. However, the expression level and biological function of the DUB, proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 7 (PSMD7), in GC remains unknown. Herein, we report for the first time that PSMD7 is frequently overexpressed in GC tissues. Elevated levels of PSMD7 were also detected in GC cell lines. Notably, the upregulation of PSMD7 closely correlated with malignant clinical parameters and reduced the survival of GC patients. Functionally, we found that PSMD7 knockdown consistently suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of AGS and SGC-7901 cells. Ectopic expression of PSMD7 facilitated GC cell proliferation and mobility. Based on protein-protein interaction prediction, RAD23 homolog B (RAD23B) protein was identified as a candidate substrate of PSMD7. PSMD7 positively regulated the abundance of RAD23B and xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C (XPC) protein in GC cells. The interaction between PSMD7 and RAD23B was confirmed using protein immunoprecipitation. PSMD7 knockdown enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of RAD23B protein in GC cells. PSMD7 promoted cell viability, apoptosis resistance, and DNA damage repair in GC cells upon cisplatin (DDP) treatment. Moreover, PSMD7 silencing inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the sensitivity of GC cells to DDP treatment in mice. In summary, PSMD7 was highly expressed in GC and contributed to the malignant behavior and DDP resistance of tumor cells by stabilizing RAD23B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
| | - Runkun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huanye Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuelian Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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16
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Wang SA, Young MJ, Wang YC, Chen SH, Liu CY, Lo YA, Jen HH, Hsu KC, Hung JJ. USP24 promotes drug resistance during cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2690-2707. [PMID: 33846536 PMCID: PMC8408266 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance has remained an important issue in the treatment and prevention of various diseases, including cancer. Herein, we found that USP24 not only repressed DNA-damage repair (DDR) activity by decreasing Rad51 expression to cause the tumor genomic instability and cancer stemness, but also increased the levels of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-gp, ABCG2, and ezrin to enhance the pumping out of Taxol from cancer cells, thus resulted in drug resistance during cancer therapy. A novel USP24 inhibitor, NCI677397, was screened for specific inhibiting the catalytic activity of USP24. This inhibitor was identified to suppress drug resistance via decreasing genomic instability, cancer stemness, and the pumping out of drugs from cancer cells. Understanding the role and molecular mechanisms of USP24 in drug resistance will be beneficial for the future development of a novel USP24 inhibitor. Our studies provide a new insight of USP24 inhibitor for clinically implication of blocking drug resistance during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-An Wang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Young
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Wang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-An Lo
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Jen
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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USP48 Governs Cell Cycle Progression by Regulating the Protein Level of Aurora B. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168508. [PMID: 34445214 PMCID: PMC8395203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes play key roles in the precise modulation of Aurora B—an essential cell cycle regulator. The expression of Aurora B increases before the onset of mitosis and decreases during mitotic exit; an imbalance in these levels has a severe impact on the fate of the cell cycle. Dysregulation of Aurora B can lead to aberrant chromosomal segregation and accumulation of errors during mitosis, eventually resulting in cytokinesis failure. Thus, it is essential to identify the precise regulatory mechanisms that modulate Aurora B levels during the cell division cycle. Using a deubiquitinase knockout strategy, we identified USP48 as an important candidate that can regulate Aurora B protein levels during the normal cell cycle. Here, we report that USP48 interacts with and stabilizes the Aurora B protein. Furthermore, we showed that the deubiquitinating activity of USP48 helps to maintain the steady-state levels of Aurora B protein by regulating its half-life. Finally, USP48 knockout resulted in delayed progression of cell cycle due to accumulation of mitotic defects and ultimately cytokinesis failure, suggesting the role of USP48 in cell cycle regulation.
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18
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Zhu W, Zheng D, Wang D, Yang L, Zhao C, Huang X. Emerging Roles of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 25 in Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698751. [PMID: 34249948 PMCID: PMC8262611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of ubiquitination and deubiquitination plays diverse roles in regulating protein stability and cellular homeostasis. Deubiquitinating enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and removal of ubiquitin chains from target proteins and play critical roles in various disease processes, including cancer, immune responses to viral infections and neurodegeneration. This article aims to summarize roles of the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 25 (USP25) in disease onset and progression. Previous studies have focused on the role of USP25 in antiviral immunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, however, as the structural similarities and differences between USP25 and its homolog USP28 have become clear, mechanisms of action of USP25 in cancer and other diseases have been gradually revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 3 Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes Oct4 Protein in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115584. [PMID: 34070420 PMCID: PMC8197518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oct4 is an important mammalian POU family transcription factor expressed by early human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The precise level of Oct4 governs the pluripotency and fate determination of hESCs. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Oct4 including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation have been reported to regulate its critical functions in hESCs. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of Oct4 should be well balanced to maintain the pluripotency of hESCs. The protein turnover of Oct4 is regulated by several E3 ligases through ubiquitin-mediated degradation. However, reversal of ubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has not been reported for Oct4. In this study, we generated a ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3) gene knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated that USP3 acts as a protein stabilizer of Oct4 by deubiquitinating Oct4. USP3 interacts with endogenous Oct4 and co-localizes in the nucleus of hESCs. The depletion of USP3 leads to a decrease in Oct4 protein level and loss of pluripotent morphology in hESCs. Thus, our results show that USP3 plays an important role in controlling optimum protein level of Oct4 to retain pluripotency of hESCs.
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20
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Zhao X, Fu J, Hu B, Chen L, Wang J, Fang J, Ge C, Lin H, Pan K, Fu L, Wang L, Du J, Xu W. Serine Metabolism Regulates YAP Activity Through USP7 in Colon Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639111. [PMID: 34055773 PMCID: PMC8152669 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a vital factor in the development of many types of cancer, including colon cancer. Serine metabolic reprogramming is a major feature of tumor metabolism. Yes-associated protein (YAP) participates in organ size control and tumorigenesis. However, the relationship between YAP and serine metabolism in colon cancer is unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses indicated significant enrichment of the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways in serine starvation-resistant cells. Short-term serine deficiency inhibited YAP activation, whereas a prolonged response dephosphorylated YAP and promoted its activity. Mechanistically, USP7 increases YAP stability under increased serine conditions by regulating deubiquitination. Verteporfin (VP) effectively inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells and organoids and could even modulate serine metabolism by inhibiting USP7 expression. Clinically, YAP was significantly activated in colon tumor tissues and positively correlated with the expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and USP7. Generally, our study uncovered the mechanism by which serine metabolism regulates YAP via USP7 and identified the crucial role of YAP in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumor growth; thus, VP may be a new treatment for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinyong Fang
- Department of Science and Education, Jinhua Guangfu Oncology Hospital, Huancheng, Jinhua, China
| | - Chenyang Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Kailing Pan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Liang Fu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.,Department of Nursing, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Lude Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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21
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The oncogenic role of ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP8) and its signaling pathways targeting for cancer therapeutics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108811. [PMID: 33600786 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
USP8 is a deubiquitinating enzyme in the family of ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) which can remove ubiquitin from the substrate and protect the substrate from degradation. The upregulated or mutated USP8 becomes hyperactivated and stabilizes numerous oncogenes or proto-oncogenes leading to cancer progression and survival by activating multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, USP8 inhibition is also important to overcome anticancer drug-resistant. This review is the first study to find, combine, analyze, and represent the multiple oncogenic signaling pathways with their downstream and upstream regulation activated or enhanced by USP8, which will help the researchers to find any therapeutic strategy for drug discovery by inhibiting or suppressing the multi-targeted USP8.
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22
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Molecular Mechanisms of DUBs Regulation in Signaling and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030986. [PMID: 33498168 PMCID: PMC7863924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The large family of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are involved in the regulation of a plethora of processes carried out inside the cell by protein ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a basic pathway responsible for the correct protein homeostasis in the cell, which could regulate the fate of proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). In this review we will focus on recent advances on the molecular mechanisms and specificities found for some types of DUBs enzymes, highlighting illustrative examples in which the regulatory mechanism for DUBs has been understood in depth at the molecular level by structural biology. DUB proteases are responsible for cleavage and regulation of the multiple types of ubiquitin linkages that can be synthesized inside the cell, known as the ubiquitin-code, which are tightly connected to specific substrate functions. We will display some strategies carried out by members of different DUB families to provide specificity on the cleavage of particular ubiquitin linkages. Finally, we will also discuss recent progress made for the development of drug compounds targeting DUB proteases, which are usually correlated to the progress of many pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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Kuang X, Xiong J, Lu T, Wang W, Zhang Z, Wang J. Inhibition of USP1 induces apoptosis via ID1/AKT pathway in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:245-255. [PMID: 33390793 PMCID: PMC7738972 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) has been reported to be aberrantly overexpressed in cancers, and it plays a critical role in regulating various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. However, the role of USP1 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains largely undefined. USP1 expression in 30 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients was detected by real-time PCR and western blot. We found that USP1 was generally upregulated in the bone marrow cells derived from B-ALL patients. Knockdown of USP1 by siRNA decreased B-ALL cell growth and induced apoptosis. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of USP1 by SJB3-019A significantly repressed cell proliferation and triggered B-ALL cell apoptosis. Finally, we found that inhibition of USP1 downregulated the expression of ID1 and p-AKT, and upregulated ID1 expression could reverse the suppressive effects of USP1 inhibitor in B-ALL cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that USP1 promote B-ALL progression at least partially via the ID1/AKT signaling pathway, and USP1 inhibitors might be promising therapeutic application for B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Weili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligase APC/C Cdh1 Negatively Regulates FAH Protein Stability by Promoting Its Polyubiquitination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228719. [PMID: 33218190 PMCID: PMC7699203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) is the last enzyme in the degradation pathway of the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine in mammals that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 4-fumarylacetoacetate into acetoacetate and fumarate. Mutations of the FAH gene are associated with hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1), resulting in reduced protein stability, misfolding, accelerated degradation and deficiency in functional proteins. Identifying E3 ligases, which are necessary for FAH protein stability and degradation, is essential. In this study, we demonstrated that the FAH protein level is elevated in liver cancer tissues compared to that in normal tissues. Further, we showed that the FAH protein undergoes 26S proteasomal degradation and its protein turnover is regulated by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1 (APC/C)Cdh1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. APC/CCdh1 acts as a negative stabilizer of FAH protein by promoting FAH polyubiquitination and decreases the half-life of FAH protein. Thus, we envision that Cdh1 might be a key factor in the maintenance of FAH protein level to regulate FAH-mediated physiological functions.
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25
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Biterge Süt B. Molecular profiling of immune cell-enriched Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interacting protein USP13. Life Sci 2020; 258:118170. [PMID: 32735883 PMCID: PMC7387267 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major health concern worldwide. Due to the lack of specific medication and vaccination, drug-repurposing attempts has emerged as a promising approach and identified several human proteins interacting with the virus. This study aims to provide a comprehensive molecular profiling of the immune cell-enriched SARS-CoV-2 interacting protein USP13. MATERIALS AND METHODS The list of immune cell-enriched proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2 was retrieved from The Human Protein Atlas. Genomic alterations were identified using cBioPortal. Survival analysis was performed via Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Analyses of protein expression and tumor infiltration levels were carried out by TIMER. KEY FINDINGS 14 human proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2 were enriched in immune cells. Among these proteins, USP13 had the highest frequency of genomic alterations. Higher USP13 levels were correlated with improved survival in breast and lung cancers, while resulting in poor prognosis in ovarian and gastric cancers. Furthermore, copy number variations of USP13 significantly affected the infiltration levels of distinct subtypes of immune cells in head & neck, lung, ovarian and stomach cancers. Although our results suggested a tumor suppressor role for USP13 in lung cancer, in other cancers, its role seemed to be context-dependent. SIGNIFICANCE It is critical to identify and characterize human proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2 in order to have a better understanding of the disease and to develop better therapies/vaccines. Here, we provided a comprehensive molecular profiling the immune cell-enriched SARS-CoV-2 interacting protein USP13, which will be useful for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Biterge Süt
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Turkey.
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26
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Lim KH, Joo JY, Baek KH. The potential roles of deubiquitinating enzymes in brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101088. [PMID: 32470641 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most proteins undergo posttranslational modification such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, biotinylation, and ubiquitination to regulate various cellular processes. Ubiquitin-targeted proteins from the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are degraded by 26S proteasome, along with this, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have specific activity against the UPS through detaching of ubiquitin on ubiquitin-targeted proteins. Balancing between protein expression and degradation through interplay between the UPS and DUBs is important to maintain cell homeostasis, and abnormal expression and elongation of proteins lead to diverse diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune response. Therefore, development of DUB inhibitors as therapeutic targets has been challenging. In addition, understanding of the roles of DUBs in neurodegeneration, specifically brain diseases, has emerged gradually. This review highlights recent studies on the molecular mechanisms for DUBs, and discusses potential therapeutic targets for DUBs in cases of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea
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27
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Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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28
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Alcalá S, Sancho P, Martinelli P, Navarro D, Pedrero C, Martín-Hijano L, Valle S, Earl J, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Ruiz-Cañas L, Rojas K, Carrato A, García-Bermejo L, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Hermann PC, Sainz B. ISG15 and ISGylation is required for pancreatic cancer stem cell mitophagy and metabolic plasticity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2682. [PMID: 32472071 PMCID: PMC7260233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs) drive pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and metastasis. While eliminating this subpopulation of cells would theoretically result in tumor eradication, PaCSCs are extremely plastic and can successfully adapt to targeted therapies. In this study, we demonstrate that PaCSCs increase expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and protein ISGylation, which are essential for maintaining their metabolic plasticity. CRISPR-mediated ISG15 genomic editing reduces overall ISGylation, impairing PaCSCs self-renewal and their in vivo tumorigenic capacity. At the molecular level, ISG15 loss results in decreased mitochondrial ISGylation concomitant with increased accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and impaired mitophagy. Importantly, disruption in mitochondrial metabolism affects PaCSC metabolic plasticity, making them susceptible to prolonged inhibition with metformin in vivo. Thus, ISGylation is critical for optimal and efficient OXPHOS by ensuring the recycling of dysfunctional mitochondria, and when absent, a dysregulation in mitophagy occurs that negatively impacts PaCSC stemness. The ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 exerts post-translational protein regulation through ISGylation. Here, the authors show that ISGylation is necessary for pancreatic cancer stem cell self-renewal and tumourigenesis by supporting the recycling of non-functional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Sancho
- IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Pedrero
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Hijano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Valle
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Earl
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00446), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katerin Rojas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00446), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Mirzapoiazova T, Pozhitkov A, Nam A, Mambetsariev I, Nelson MS, Tan YHC, Zhang K, Raz D, Singhal S, Nasser MW, Kulkarni P, Batra SK, Sattler M, Salgia R. Effects of selected deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors on the proliferation and motility of lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:80-86. [PMID: 32236606 PMCID: PMC7252467 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The post‑translational modification of proteins by ubiquitinating enzymes plays a central role in a number of cellular functions, such as cell proteolysis, DNA repair, and cell signaling and communication. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) disassemble ubiquitin chains and remove ubiquitin moieties from proteins. Targeting DUBs in cancer models has revealed an important role for these enzymes in tumorigenesis, and they therefore have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. In the present study, the effects of three DUB inhibitors, PR‑619, RA‑9 and LDN‑91946, on a non‑small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) and a mesothelioma cell line (H2373) were investigated. PR‑619 significantly inhibited cell adhesion and the proliferation of both cell lines. RA‑9 exerted an inhibitory effect on the adhesion and proliferation of H2373 cells, whereas it had no effect on A549 cells. Notably, however, while PR‑619 attenuated the proliferation of both cell lines, it exerted an opposite effect on cell motility; in the case of A549 cells, there was a significant increase in cell motility, while for the H2373 cells, there was a significant decrease. Furthermore, protein phosphorylation kinetic analyses revealed that the effects were cell line‑specific. In H2373 cells, the phosphorylation of only one peptide corresponding to the P85A protein was significantly affected, and while LDN‑91946 treatment increased phosphorylation, treatment with RA‑9 or PR‑619 decreased its phosphorylation compared to the DMSO control. By contrast, in the case of A549 cells, the phosphorylation of 21 peptides was significantly affected by the same compounds. In light of the potential for the negative side‑effects of DUB inhibition, such as increased cancer cell motility, the data presented herein underscore the dire need for the development of specific DUB inhibitors and to elucidate the individual role of DUB family members in cancer biology before they can be specifically pharmacologically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Alexander Pozhitkov
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Michael S Nelson
- The Light Microscopy and Digital Imaging Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Yi-Hung Carol Tan
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Dan Raz
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Sharad Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana‑Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
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30
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Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 48:100663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Poondla N, Chandrasekaran AP, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Deubiquitinating enzymes as cancer biomarkers: new therapeutic opportunities? BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30760385 PMCID: PMC6476481 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.3.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a life-threatening disease and accounts for the major mortality rates worldwide. The practice of using biomarkers for early detection, staging, and customized therapy may increase cancer patients’ survival. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a family of proteases that remove ubiquitin tags from proteins of interest undergoing proteasomal degradation. DUBs play several functional roles other than deubiquitination. One of the important roles of DUBs is regulation of tumor progression. Several reports have suggested that the DUB family members were highly-elevated in various cancer cells and tissues in different stages of cancer. These findings suggest that the DUBs could be used as drug targets in cancer therapeutics. In this review, we recapitulate the role of the DUB family members, including ubiquitin-specific protease, otubain protease, and important candidates from other family members. Our aim was to better understand the connection between DUB expression profiles and cancers to allow researchers to design inhibitors or gene therapies to improve diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Arun Pandian Chandrasekaran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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32
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Antitumor effects of a covalent cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitor in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:466-474. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang S, Wu Y, Liu F, Li Q, Liu X, Zaky MY, Yan D, Liu S. Amplification of USP13 drives non-small cell lung cancer progression mediated by AKT/MAPK signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108831. [PMID: 30986623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
USP13 is emerging as a potential target in cancer therapy. However, the effect of USP13 on tumor progression is controversial. Here we focused on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a common cancer with high mortality, and studied the role of USP13 in tumor growth. By analysis of multi-level genetic database, we found USP13 is high expressed in heart among healthy primary tissues and is most amplified in lung cancer. Clinical samples of NSCLC showed tumor exhibited high USP13 level compared with adjacent normal tissues. We further utilized lung adenocarcinoma A549 and squamous carcinoma H226 cells as cell model and investigated USP13 effect by USP13 knockdown. As a results, downregulation of USP13 dramatically inhibited A549 and H226 cell proliferation by AKT/MAPK signaling and suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Collectively, we identified USP13 as a tumor promoter in NSCLC and provide a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Duchuang Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yueguang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Qiong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China; Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Dong Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
| | - Shuyan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
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34
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Wakimoto H. Deubiquitinating ALDH1A3 key to maintaining the culprit of aggressive brain cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1833-1835. [PMID: 30958802 DOI: 10.1172/jci128742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells sustain propagation of the deadly primary brain cancer glioblastoma. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) characterized by a mesenchymal phenotype are aggressive and resistant to therapies and represent a crucial therapeutic target. In this issue of the JCI, Chen et al. show that the intracellular levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3), known as a functional marker of mesenchymal GSCs, are regulated posttranslationally by ubiquitin-specific protease 9X-mediated (USP9X-mediated) deubiquitination. Increased expression of USP9X stabilizes ALDH1A3, enabling GSCs to exhibit mesenchymal traits and the malignant phenotype. Thus, the USP9X-ALDH1A3 axis may offer a novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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35
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Grandi P, Bantscheff M. Advanced proteomics approaches to unravel protein homeostasis. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2019; 31:99-108. [PMID: 31200865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative proteomics methods are instrumental in measuring the interplay between protein synthesis and protein degradation in cells and tissues in different conditions and substantially contribute to the understanding of control mechanisms for protein homeostasis. Proteomics and chemoproteomics approaches enable the characterization of small molecule modifiers of protein degradation for therapeutic applications. Here, we review recent developments and applications of mass spectrometry-based (chemo-)proteomics methods for the study of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Grandi
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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36
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Role of deubiquitinases in DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 76:89-98. [PMID: 30831436 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) serves as an integrated cellular network to detect cellular stress and react by activating pathways responsible for halting cell cycle progression, stimulating DNA damage repair, and initiating apoptosis. Efficient DDR protects cells from genomic instability while defective DDR can allow DNA lesions to go unrepaired, causing permanent mutations that will affect future generations of cells and possibly cause disease conditions such as cancer. Therefore, DDR mechanisms must be tightly regulated in order to ensure organismal health and viability. One major way of DDR regulation is ubiquitination, which has been long known to control DDR protein localization, activity, and stability. The reversal of this process, deubiquitination, has more recently come to the forefront of DDR research as an important new angle in ubiquitin-mediated regulation of DDR. As such, deubiquitinases have emerged as key factors in DDR. Importantly, deubiquitinases are attractive small-molecule drug targets due to their well-defined catalytic residues that provide a promising avenue for developing new cancer therapeutics. This review focuses on the emerging roles of deubiquitinases in various DNA repair pathways.
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37
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Xue Q, Liu H, Zhu Z, Yang F, Xue Q, Cai X, Liu X, Zheng H. Seneca Valley Virus 3C protease negatively regulates the type I interferon pathway by acting as a viral deubiquitinase. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:183-189. [PMID: 30408499 PMCID: PMC7111287 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that enable Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) to escape the host innate immune response are not well known. Previous studies demonstrated that SVV 3Cpro suppresses innate immune responses by cleavage of host proteins and degradation of IRF3 and IRF7 protein expression. Here, we showed that SVV 3C protease (3Cpro) has deubiquitinating activity. Overexpressed 3Cpro inhibits the ubiquitination of cellular substrates, acting on both lysine-48- and lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains. SVV infection also possessed deubiquitinating activity. The ubiquitin-proteasome system was significantly involved in SVV replication. Furthermore, 3Cpro inhibited the ubiquitination of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), thereby blocking the expression of interferon (IFN)-β and IFN stimulated gene 54 (ISG54) mRNAs. A detailed analysis revealed that mutations (H48A, C160A, or H48A/C160A) that ablate the Cys and His residues of 3Cpro abrogated its deubiquitinating activity and the ability of 3Cpro to block IFN-β induction. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism developed by SVV 3Cpro to promote viral replication, and may also provide a novel strategy for improving ubiquitination-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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