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Armenta-Resendiz M, Carter JS, Hunter Z, Taniguchi M, Reichel CM, Lavin A. Sex differences in behavior, cognitive, and physiological recovery following methamphetamine administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06638-1. [PMID: 38953940 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Intact executive functions are required for proper performance of cognitive tasks and relies on balance of excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Hypofrontality is a state of decreased activity in the mPFC and is seen in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance use disorders. People who chronically use methamphetamine (meth) develop hypofrontality and concurrent changes in cognitive processing across several domains. Despite the fact that there are sex difference in substance use disorders, few studies have considered sex as a biological variable regarding meth-mediated hypoactivity in mPFC and concurrent cognitive deficits. Hypofrontality along with changes in cognition are emulated in rodent models following repeated meth administration. Here, we used a meth sensitization regimen to study sex differences in a Temporal Order Memory (TOM) task following short (7 days) or prolonged (28 days) periods of abstinence. GABAergic transmission, GABAA receptor (GABAAR) and GABA Transporter (GAT) mRNA expression in the mPFC were evaluated with patch-clamp recordings and RT-qPCR, respectively. Both sexes sensitized to the locomotor activating effects of meth, with the effect persisting in females. After short abstinence, males and females had impaired TOM and increased GABAergic transmission. Female rats recovered from these changes after prolonged abstinence, whereas male rats showed enduring changes. In general, meth appears to elicit an overall decrease in GABAAR expression after short abstinence; whereas GABA transporters are decreased in meth female rats after prolonged abstinence. These results show sex differences in the long-term effects of repeated meth exposure and suggest that females have neuroprotective mechanisms that alleviate some of the meth-mediated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan S Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, MUSC, 173 Ashley Ave 403BSB, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Zachariah Hunter
- Department of Neuroscience, MUSC, 173 Ashley Ave 403BSB, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Neuroscience, MUSC, 173 Ashley Ave 403BSB, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Carmela M Reichel
- Department of Neuroscience, MUSC, 173 Ashley Ave 403BSB, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Antonieta Lavin
- Department of Neuroscience, MUSC, 173 Ashley Ave 403BSB, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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2
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Guo L, Huang C, Lu J, Wu X, Shan H, Chen T, Shao S, Li X, Du M, Du J, Jiang H, Deng M, Wen X, Zhu R, Zhong N, Su H, Zhao M. Decreased inter-brain synchronization in the right middle frontal cortex in alcohol use disorder during social interaction: An fNIRS hyperscanning study. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:573-580. [PMID: 36828147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread mental disorder and has thrust a heavy burden on the health system all over the world. Social cognition and function are reported to be impaired in AUD, but its neural mechanism is rarely investigated. The current study attempts to fill this gap. METHODS 28 subjects with AUD and 36 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study and were paired into 14 AUD dyads and 18 HC dyads. The drinking problems, depression, anxiety, and impulsivity of subjects were measured. Each dyad completed cooperation and competition tasks with simultaneous frontal functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning recording. The inter-brain synchronization (IBS) in the frontal cortex was calculated for each dyad and compared between AUD and HC. The significantly altered IBS in AUD was correlated with clinical measures to explore possible influencing factors. RESULTS The IBS in the right middle frontal cortex was significantly decreased in AUD under both cooperation (t = -2.257, P = 0.028) and competition (t = -2.488, P = 0.016) task. The IBS during the cooperation task in the right middle frontal cortex in AUD was negatively correlated with non-planning impulsivity (r = -0.673, P = 0.006). LIMITATIONS This study used cross-sectional data, which limited the causal inference. The synchronization between other brain regions besides the frontal cortex should be further explored in patients with AUD. CONCLUSION The current study could provide new insights into the neural mechanism of social dysfunction in AUD and facilitate clinical intervention in future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanning Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidi Shan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxin Shao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Mingfeng Du
- Substance Dependence Department, The Third People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiao Deng
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xifeng Wen
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ruiming Zhu
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Emotional face expression recognition in problematic Internet use and excessive smartphone use: task-based fMRI study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:354. [PMID: 36611073 PMCID: PMC9825579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing literature indicates that problematic Internet use (PIU) and excessive smartphone use (ESU) are associated with breakdown of functional brain networks. The effects of PIU&ESU on emotional face expression (EFE) recognition are not well understood, however behavioural investigations and fMRI studies of different addiction forms indicated the impairment of this function. The Facial Emotion Recognition Paradigm was used to probe cortico-limbic responses during EFE recognition. Combined fMRI and psychophysiological analysis were implemented to measure EFE-related functional brain changes in PIU&ESU. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess PIU&ESU. Positive associations were found between the extent of PIU&ESU and functional connections related to emotional cognitive control and social brain networks. Our findings highlight the involvement of social functioning, especially EFE recognition in PIU&ESU. Therefore, we emphasize that besides the brain's executive and reward systems, the social brain network might be the next candidate to be involved in the pathogenesis of PIU&ESU.
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West T, Mendes WB. Affect contagion: Physiologic covariation and linkage offer insight into socially shared thoughts, emotions, and experiences. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aesp.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Rice M, Dean AC, Suh J, London ED. Denial and Diagnosis of Methamphetamine Dependence Severity. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221135721. [PMID: 36385745 PMCID: PMC9647299 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221135721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Denial, or lack of awareness of problems related to substance misuse, is a common feature of drug use disorders and can affect engagement in treatment and recovery. This study tested for association of denial with severity of symptoms used in the diagnosis of Methamphetamine Dependence. Methods This secondary analysis used data from 69 participants (52.2% male) who met criteria for the diagnosis of Methamphetamine Dependence on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The association between diagnostic severity, determined from a SCID summary score (8 items), and denial, measured by the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) Precontemplation score, was tested by Pearson correlation. In post hoc t-tests, participants who differed on individual SCID items were compared on the Precontemplation score. The additional URICA subscales (Contemplation, Maintenance, Action) were also tested on a secondary basis. Results SCID summary scores were negatively correlated with URICA Precontemplation scores (P = .003). Post-hoc tests revealed that participants who denied continued methamphetamine use despite persistent or recurrent problems (SCID item 6) had significantly higher Precontemplation scores than those who endorsed these problems (t = 3.066, P = .003). In contrast, positive correlations were observed between diagnostic severity and greater openness/willingness to change on the URICA (eg, Maintenance, r = .26; P = .01). Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of a patient's insight regarding their addiction in clinical diagnosis. Because minimizing the impact of methamphetamine use may preclude or delay treatment, it is advised that self-report be supplemented to improve accuracy of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Rice
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate
Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andy C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and
Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaymee Suh
- Department of Psychiatry and
Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Psychiatry and
Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical
Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Li M, Zhang M, Yuan T, Rao L. Impaired social decision‐making in males with methamphetamine use disorder. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13204. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Ti‐Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Li‐Lin Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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7
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Rabin RA, Parvaz MA, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Emotion recognition in individuals with cocaine use disorder: the role of abstinence length and the social brain network. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1019-1033. [PMID: 34089343 PMCID: PMC8689230 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Emotion recognition is impaired in drug addiction. However, research examining the effects of cocaine use on emotion recognition yield mixed evidence with contradictory results potentially reflecting varying abstinence durations. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we investigated emotion recognition and its neural correlates in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) parsed according to abstinence duration. METHODS Emotion recognition performance was compared between current cocaine users (CUD + , n = 28; cocaine-positive urine), short-term abstainers (CUD-ST, n = 23; abstinence < 6 months), long-term abstainers (CUD-LT, n = 20; abstinence ≥ 6 months), and controls (n = 45). A sample subset (n = 73) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging to quantify regional gray matter volume (GMV) using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS CUD + demonstrated greater difficulty recognizing happiness than CUD-ST and controls, and sadness and fear compared to controls (p < 0.01). For fear, CUD-ST also performed worse than controls (p < 0.01), while no differences emerged between CUD-LT and controls. Whole-brain analysis revealed lower GMV in the bilateral cerebellum in CUD + compared to CUD-LT and controls; a similar pattern was observed in the amygdala (CUD + < CUD-LT) (pFWE < 0.01). Collapsed across all participants, poorer recognition for happiness was associated with lower right cerebellar GMV (pFWE < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Emotion recognition is impaired with current cocaine use, and selective deficits (in fear) may persist with up to 6 months of abstinence. Lower cerebellar GMV may underlie deficits in positive emotion recognition. Interventions targeting emotional-social-cognitive deficits, especially among active users, may enhance treatment success for individuals with CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Muhammad A Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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8
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Thorson KR, McKernan SM, West TV, Woolley JD, Mendes WB, Stauffer CS. Oxytocin increases physiological linkage during group therapy for methamphetamine use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21004. [PMID: 34697392 PMCID: PMC8546069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients and psychotherapists often exhibit behavioral, psychological, and physiological similarity. Here, we test whether oxytocin—a neuropeptide that can enhance expressivity and social perception—influences time-lagged “linkage” of autonomic nervous system responses among participants and facilitators during group therapy. Physiological linkage estimates (n = 949) were created from ten cohorts, each with two facilitators (n = 5) and four to six participants (n = 48), over six weekly sessions of group therapy for methamphetamine use disorder. All participants of a cohort received oxytocin or placebo intranasally in a randomized double-blind procedure before each session. Cardiac interbeat intervals (IBI) were measured continuously during sessions to estimate physiological linkage, operationalized as one cohort-mate’s IBI reactivity during one minute predicting another cohort-mate’s IBI reactivity during the following minute. In oxytocin cohorts, participants and facilitators experienced significant physiological linkage to their cohort-mates (i.e., their physiological responses were predicted by the prior responses of their cohort-mates) and significantly more linkage than people in placebo cohorts. Both effects occurred during the first and second sessions but not later sessions. Results suggest that oxytocin may enhance psychosocial processes often associated with linkage—such as social engagement—in groups and highlight oxytocin’s potential to improve group cohesion during group therapy. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02881177, First published on 26/08/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Thorson
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Scott M McKernan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tessa V West
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Woolley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Wendy Berry Mendes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Stauffer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Portland VA Medical Center, 1601 E 4th Plain Blvd (V3SATP), Vancouver, WA, 98661, USA.
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Hanegraaf L, van Baal S, Hohwy J, Verdejo-Garcia A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 'Systems for Social Processes' in borderline personality and substance use disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:572-592. [PMID: 33865874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in social processing (SP) have been proposed to underpin interpersonal dysfunction in both Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUD). This study aimed to explore potential transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioral phenotypes of these disorders utilizing the NIMH Research Domain Criteria 'Systems for Social Processes'. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published research was conducted on 134 studies identified through our database searches. Four meta-analyses were conducted, which revealed significant overlapping deficits in the ability to identify facial emotions and infer the mental states of others in both BPD and SUD. Further, people with BPD displayed a higher ostracism effect following perceived social exclusion. Systematically reviewed studies also revealed significant dysfunction amongst individuals with BPD and SUD across both self and other SP constructs, which were broadly similar in magnitude. Taken together, these results support the proposition that SP dysfunction may be considered a core transdiagnostic phenotype of BPD and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hanegraaf
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Simon van Baal
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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10
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Stauffer CS, Moschetto JM, McKernan S, Meinzer N, Chiang C, Rapier R, Hsiang E, Norona J, Borsari B, Woolley JD. Oxytocin-enhanced group therapy for methamphetamine use disorder: Randomized controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 116:108059. [PMID: 32741502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) use is a public health crisis that disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM). There are currently no FDA-approved pharmacological interventions to treat methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). MUD is associated with social impairments and extremely high treatment attrition rates. Administration of oxytocin, a neuropeptide involved in social attachment, may be a novel approach to addressing these issues. Moreover, oxytocin administration has shown promise for reducing METH-related addictive behavior in animal models, but has not yet been investigated in clinical trials for MUD. Last, oxytocin is known to modulate stress responsivity via regulation of the autonomic nervous system, which is dysregulated in METH users. We hypothesize that oxytocin, in combination with group psychotherapy, will increase treatment engagement, reduce addiction behavior, and mitigate stress hyperreactivity. METHODS This is a randomized, double blind trial of oxytocin 40-IU (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24) administered intranasally prior to each of six weekly motivational interviewing group therapy (MIGT) sessions for MUD in MSM. PRIMARY OUTCOME (a) session attendance. SECONDARY OUTCOMES (b) group cohesion, (c) anxiety, (d) METH craving, (e) METH use, and (f) in-session cardiac physiology. RESULTS Participants receiving oxytocin had significantly higher group therapy attendance than those receiving placebo, OR 3.26, 95% CI [1.27-8.41], p = .014. There was a small effect of oxytocin on group cohension, but not anxiety or craving. METH use did not change over the six-week MIGT course in either treatment arm. Participants receiving oxytocin had lower average heart rates during MIGT sessions and higher heart rate variability. There were positive main effects of MIGT over Time regardless of study drug. CONCLUSIONS This evidence, and the lack of any serious adverse events, suggests that oxytocin may safely increase treatment attendance. One possible mechanism by which it may do so is its modulation of the autonomic nervous system. Further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Stauffer
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America; University of California, San Francisco, United States of America; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center & Oregon Health and Science University, United States of America.
| | - Jenna M Moschetto
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America; University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Scott McKernan
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America; University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | | | - Chavy Chiang
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Rachel Rapier
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Elaine Hsiang
- University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Jerika Norona
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America; University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Joshua D Woolley
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States of America; University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
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11
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May AC, Aupperle RL, Stewart JL. Dark Times: The Role of Negative Reinforcement in Methamphetamine Addiction. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32256392 PMCID: PMC7090143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use is associated with substantial adverse outcomes including poor mental and physical health, financial difficulties, and societal costs. Despite deleterious long-term consequences associated with methamphetamine, many people use drugs for short-term reduction of unpleasant physical or emotional sensations. By removing these aversive states, drug use behaviors are negatively reinforced. Abstinence from methamphetamine can then result in a return to previous aversive emotional states linked to withdrawal and craving, often contributing to an increased likelihood for relapse. This negative reinforcement cycle is hypothesized to be a motivating and maintaining factor for addiction. Thus, this review highlights the current evidence for negative reinforcement mechanisms in methamphetamine use disorder by integrating studies of subjective experience, behavior, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and event-related potentials and examining the efficacy of treatments targeting aspects of negative reinforcement. Overall, the literature demonstrates that individuals who use methamphetamine have diminished cognitive control and process emotions, loss of reward, and interoceptive information differently than non-using individuals. These differences are reflected in behavioral and subjective experiments as well as brain-based experiments which report significant differences in various frontal regions, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum. Together, the results suggest methamphetamine users have an altered experience of negative outcomes, difficulties employing effective emotion regulation, and difficulty engaging in adaptive or goal-directed decision-making. Suggestions for future research to improve our understanding of how negative reinforcement contributes to methamphetamine addiction and to develop effective interventions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C. May
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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12
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Zhang Z, He W, Li Y, Zhang M, Luo W. Facilitation of Crossmodal Integration During Emotional Prediction in Methamphetamine Dependents. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 13:80. [PMID: 32038178 PMCID: PMC6989411 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) can greatly damage the prefrontal cortex of the brain and trigger dysfunction of the cognitive control loop, which triggers not only drug dependence but also emotional disorders. The imbalance between the cognitive and emotional systems will lead to crossmodal emotional deficits. Until now, the negative impact of meth dependence on crossmodal emotional processing has not received attention. Therefore, the present study firstly examined the differences in crossmodal emotional processing between healthy controls and meth dependents (MADs) and then investigated the role of visual- or auditory-leading cues in the promotion of crossmodal emotional processing. Experiment 1 found that MADs made a visual-auditory integration disorder for fearful emotion, which may be related to the defects in information transmission between the auditory and auditory cortex. Experiment 2 found that MADs had a crossmodal disorder pertaining to fear under visual-leading cues, but the fearful sound improved the detection of facial emotions for MADs. Experiment 3 reconfirmed that, for MADs, A-leading cues could induce crossmodal integration immediately more easily than V-leading ones. These findings provided sufficient quantitative indicators and evidences that meth dependence was associated with crossmodal integration disorders, which in turn was associated with auditory-leading cues that enhanced the recognition ability of MADs for complex emotions (all results are available at: https://osf.io/x6rv5/). These results provided a better understanding for individuals using drugs in order to enhance the cognition for the complex crossmodal emotional integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Guerin AA, Bonomo Y, Lawrence AJ, Baune BT, Nestler EJ, Rossell SL, Kim JH. Cognition and Related Neural Findings on Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Insights and Treatment Implications From Schizophrenia Research. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 31920743 PMCID: PMC6928591 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of methamphetamine (meth) use disorder, research on meth is disproportionately scarce compared to research on other illicit drugs. Existing evidence highlights cognitive deficits as an impediment against daily function and treatment of chronic meth use. Similar deficits are also observed in schizophrenia, and this review therefore draws on schizophrenia research by examining similarities and differences between the two disorders on cognition and related neural findings. While meth use disorder and schizophrenia are two distinct disorders, they are highly co-morbid and share impairments in similar cognitive domains and altered brain structure/function. This narrative review specifically identifies overlapping features such as deficits in learning and memory, social cognition, working memory and inhibitory/impulse control. We report that while working memory deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, such deficits are inconsistently observed following chronic meth use. Similar structural and functional abnormalities are also observed in cortical and limbic regions between the two disorders, except for cingulate activity where differences are observed. There is growing evidence that targeting cognitive symptoms may improve functional outcome in schizophrenia, with evidence of normalized abnormal brain activity in regions associated with cognition. Considering the overlap between meth use disorder and schizophrenia, targeting cognitive symptoms in people with meth use disorder may also improve treatment outcome and daily function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. Guerin
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yvonne Bonomo
- Department of Addiction Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Women’s Alcohol and Drug Service, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew John Lawrence
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eric J. Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susan L. Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Stauffer CS, Moschetto JM, McKernan SM, Hsiang E, Borsari B, Woolley JD. Oxytocin-enhanced motivational interviewing group therapy for methamphetamine use disorder in men who have sex with men: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:145. [PMID: 30791944 PMCID: PMC6385415 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) in the United States has risen dramatically in the past four decades and is concentrated in populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite the public health consequences of MUD, there are no FDA-approved psychopharmacological treatments. Psychosocial treatment alone has been shown to reduce methamphetamine use, but high attrition rates limit treatment efficacy. Promising findings from animal models of MUD using exogenous oxytocin, a social neuropeptide, have set the stage for translational work. Along with unique anti-addiction effects, oxytocin holds a primary role in enhancing social salience and modulating stress. In humans, oxytocin administration, combined with evidence-based psychosocial interventions, may act synergistically to improve addiction treatment outcomes and improve retention rates in current MUD treatment. Methods/design We are conducting a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oxytocin-enhanced motivational interviewing group therapy (MIGT). Oxytocin or placebo 40 IU is administered intranasally in conjunction with six, weekly MIGT sessions. We will recruit 50 MSM, initiating treatment for MUD from specialized community health programs in San Francisco, CA, USA. Individuals will be randomized (1:1) to receive six, weekly sessions of MIGT with or without oxytocin. Our primary outcome is session attendance. Other outcomes of interest include: measures of group cohesion, anxiety, psychophysiology, and stimulant craving and use. Discussion This will be the first study of oxytocin’s effects in humans with MUD. Findings from this novel protocol will attempt to bridge existing animal data with the need for innovative clinical treatments for MUD, inform the growing field of pharmacologically-enhanced psychotherapy, and help to elucidate mechanisms behind oxytocin’s potential anti-addiction effects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02881177. Registered on 26 August 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3225-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Stauffer
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Elaine Hsiang
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Borsari
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Woolley
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Stoychev KR. Neuroimaging Studies in Patients With Mental Disorder and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder: Summary of Findings. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:702. [PMID: 31708805 PMCID: PMC6819501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: More than half of psychiatric patients have comorbid substance use disorder (dual diagnosis) and this rate, confirmed by many epidemiological studies, is substantially higher compared to general population. Combined operation of self-medication mechanisms, common etiological factors, and mutually causative influences most likely accounts for comorbidity, which, despite its clinical prevalence, remains underrepresented in psychiatric research, especially in terms of neuroimaging. The current paper attempts to review and discuss all existing methodologically sustainable structural and functional neuroimaging studies in comorbid subjects published in the last 20 years. Methods: Performing a systematic PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases search with predefined key-words and selection criteria, 43 structural and functional neuroimaging studies were analyzed. Results: Although markedly inconsistent and confounded by a variety of sources, available data suggest that structural brain changes are slightly more pronounced, yet not qualitatively different in comorbid patients compared to non-comorbid ones. In schizophrenia (SZ) patients, somewhat greater gray matter reduction is seen in cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal and frontotemporal cortex, limbic structures (hippocampus), and basal ganglia (striatum). The magnitude of structural changes is positively correlated to duration and severity of substance use, but it is important to note that at least in the beginning of the disease, dual diagnosis subjects tend to show less brain abnormalities and better cognitive functioning than pure SZ ones suggesting lower preexisting neuropathological burden. When analysing neuroimaging findings in SZ and bipolar disorder subjects, dorsolateral prefrontal, cingular, and insular cortex emerge as common affected areas in both groups which might indicate a shared endophenotypic (i.e., transdiagnostic) disruption of brain networks involved in executive functioning, emotional processing, and social cognition, rendering affected individuals susceptible to both mental disorder and substance misuse. In patients with anxiety disorders and substance misuse, a common neuroimaging finding is reduced volume of limbic structures (n. accumbens, hippocampus and amygdala). Whether this is a neuropathological marker of common predisposition to specific behavioral symptoms and drug addiction or a result from neuroadaptation changes secondary to substance misuse is unknown. Future neuroimaging studies with larger samples, longitudinal design, and genetic subtyping are warranted to enhance current knowledge on comorbidity.
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16
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Chen XJ, Wang CG, Li YH, Sui N. Psychophysiological and self-reported responses in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder exposed to emotional video stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 133:50-54. [PMID: 30195921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) exhibit irritability and compulsive emotional responses, yet the relevant study is scarce. The characteristic of their positive and negative emotional responses can provide effective targets for the clinical intervention. In this study, we compared the emotional responses of 60 participants with MUD and 30 healthy participants to visual stimuli. They watched four types of video to elicit anger, fear, amusement, and joy emotional responses. The self-report of emotional responses (i.e., arousal, valence, and proximity), skin conductance level, and startle response were measured. Comparing to the healthy controls, the methamphetamine group's subjective arousal level of fear is significantly lower (t = 3.763, p < .01); the skin conductance level of joy is significantly higher (t = 2.086, p < .05), and the level of anger is marginal significantly higher (t = 1.984, p = .05); the startle response level of anger (t = 2.069, p < .05) and joy (t = 2.406, p < .05) is significantly higher. The methamphetamine group exhibited an enhanced emotion response to anger and a decreased response to joy which may indicate the emotion dysregulation problem caused by drug. These results provide effective targets for clinical intervention in treating patients of MUD with emotion dysregulation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Guang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Bureau of Drug Rehabilitation Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Zhang L, Cao X, Liang Q, Li X, Yang J, Yuan J. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex restores attention bias to negative information in methamphetamine addicts. Psychiatry Res 2018; 265:151-160. [PMID: 29709789 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (hereafter, meth) addiction results in various emotional problems linked to structural impairments in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this paper, we investigated whether high-frequency (10 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) can improve emotional attention. Thirty-one meth addicts were randomly assigned to a 10 Hz or sham rTMS group; additionally, 31 healthy participants were enrolled, who were required to respond as correctly and quickly as possible to a yellow arrow embedded in an image depicting emotional content (neutral, fear, sadness, or disgust). Results showed that the healthy participants responded more rapidly to negative compared to neutral stimuli, while meth addicts responded indiscriminately to stimuli representing disgust, fear, and neutral content. The randomization check showed no significant differences in the pretest of emotional attention measures between the 10 Hz and sham groups. However, 10 Hz rTMS yielded faster response to negative pictures than to neutral pictures, which was similar to the performance of healthy participants but Sham not. However, this attention bias effect persisted in the 10 Hz group 2 weeks later. These results demonstrate that high-frequency rTMS of the left DLPFC can improve the emotional attention of meth addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing,400715, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Da Lian Shan Institute of Addiction Rehabilitation, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiongdan Liang
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing,400715, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing,400715, China
| | - Jiemin Yang
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing,400715, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing,400715, China.
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18
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Luo YL, Bian JW, Zheng ZJ, Zhao L, Han S, Sun XH, Li JF, Ni GX. Effects of methamphetamine abuse on spatial cognitive function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5502. [PMID: 29615755 PMCID: PMC5882954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abuse has been rising rapidly over the past decade, however, its impact in spatial cognitive function remains unknown. To understand its effect on visuospatial ability and spatial orientation ability, 40 MA users and 40 non-MA users conducted the Simple Reaction Task (Task 1), the Spatial Orientation Task (Task 2), and the Mental Rotation Task (Task 3), respectively. There was no significant difference in either accuracy or reaction time (RT) between 2 groups in Task 1. During Task 2, in comparison with non-MA users, MA users performed poorer on RT, but not in accuracy for foot and hand stimuli. In addition, both non-MA and MA users responded much more quickly to upward stimuli than downward stimuli on vertical surface, however, only non-MA users exhibited leftward visual field advantage in horizontal orientation processing. As for Task 3, MA users exhibited poorer performance and more errors than their healthy counterparts. For each group, linear relationship was revealed between RT and orientation angle, whereas MA abuse led to longer intercept for all stimuli involved. Our findings suggested that MA abuse may lead to a general deficit in the visuospatial ability and the spatial orientation ability with more serious impact in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wei Bian
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zheng
- Shanghai Compulsory Isolation Detox Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Fa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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19
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Gray matter volume showed dynamic alterations in methamphetamine users at 6 and 12months abstinence: A longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:350-355. [PMID: 28887180 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated brain gray matter reduction in methamphetamine (MA) users; however, little is known about longitudinal brain structural alternations during abstinence. METHOD Brain volumes were compared among 30 MA-dependent patients (average 6.3years of drug use) at 6months' abstinence and 27 drug-naïve controls by voxel-based morphometry. A longitudinal analysis of MA subjects was performed from 6 to 12months' abstinence, and multiple regression analyses were performed between drug use patterns and gray matter volumes (GMV) at 6months' abstinence. RESULTS Compared with drug-naïve subjects, subjects with 6months' abstinent of MA showed significantly lower GMV in the precentral gyrus, caudate head, fusiform gyrus, and cerebellum. Compared to 6months' abstinence, GMV was greater in the cerebellum and lower in the cingulate gyrus at 12months' abstinence. Accumulated years of MA use negatively correlated with GMV in the right superior frontal gyrus, the right superior temporal cortex, and the right caudate nucleus (significant at the whole brain level, p<0.001; FWE cluster-corrected p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study suggested that heavy MA users' GMV could show dynamic alterations in different brain regions at different time lengths of abstinence.
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20
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Morais APD, Pita IR, Fontes‐Ribeiro CA, Pereira FC. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in methamphetamine addiction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:85-97. [PMID: 29266758 PMCID: PMC6489779 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is the primary drug within amphetamine-type stimulants which are the second most abused group of drugs worldwide. There is no pharmacological treatment addressed specifically to METH addiction, and behavioral therapy is shadowed by poor long-term recovery and relapse. Therefore, novel approaches to manage METH addiction are an urgent need. This review aims to describe the current state of physical exercise use on methamphetamine addiction management. The following searching terms in PubMed were used: ("physical exercise" OR "exercise") AND "methamphetamine." Relevant references from key publications and gray literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. Original investigation regarding physical exercise and methamphetamine addiction (clinical data) or neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in animal models of methamphetamine administration (preclinical data) was included. Overall, METH users demonstrated improvements, including better fitness and emotional measures, lower relapse rates, and sustained abstinence when compared to nonexercised individuals. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in METH users seem to reflect an interplay of several agents, including neurochemicals, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and blood-brain barrier as disclosed by preclinical data. Exercise-based interventions alone or as a conjoint therapy may be a useful tool for managing METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Pedro Delgado Morais
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Inês Roque Pita
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Carlos Alberto Fontes‐Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Frederico Costa Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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21
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Guttman Z, Moeller SJ, London ED. Neural underpinnings of maladaptive decision-making in addictions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 164:84-98. [PMID: 28666893 PMCID: PMC5745312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Guttman
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Scott J Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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22
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Zhang S, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Li CSR. Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Lateral and Medial Hypothalamus in Cocaine Dependence: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:344. [PMID: 30100886 PMCID: PMC6072838 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dopamine in cocaine misuse has been extensively documented for the mesocorticolimbic circuit. Preclinical work from earlier lesion studies to recent multidisciplinary investigations has suggested that the hypothalamus is critically involved in motivated behavior, with the lateral and medial hypothalamus each involved in waking/feeding and resting/satiety. However, little is known of hypothalamus function and dysfunction in cocaine misuse. Here, we examined resting state functional connectivity of the lateral and medial hypothalamus in 70 individuals with cocaine dependence (CD) and 70 age as well as gender matched healthy controls (HC). Image pre-processing and analyses followed published work. Compared to HC, CD showed increased lateral hypothalamic connectivity with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased functional connectivity with the ventral precuneus. CD showed increased medial hypothalamic connectivity with the inferior parietal lobule and decreased connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and ventral striatum. Further, at trend level significance, the connectivity strength between lateral hypothalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was positively correlated with total amount of cocaine use in the past month (p = 0.004, r = 0.35) and the connectivity strength between medial hypothalamus and ventral striatum was negatively correlated with cocaine craving as assessed by the Tiffany Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (p = 0.008, r = -0.33). Together, the findings demonstrated altered resting state functional connectivity of the hypothalamus and may provide new insight on circuit level deficits in cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Leslie EM, Smirnov A, Cherney A, Wells H, Legosz M, Kemp R, Najman JM. Simultaneous use of alcohol with methamphetamine but not ecstasy linked with aggression among young adult stimulant users. Addict Behav 2017; 70:27-34. [PMID: 28182965 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Illicit stimulants are often combined with alcohol in nightlife entertainment districts, an environment where aggressive behaviour commonly occurs. While alcohol and methamphetamine use are each associated with aggressive behaviour, relatively little is known about the impact of the combined use of alcohol and amphetamine-type stimulants (i.e., ecstasy [MDMA] and methamphetamine) on aggression. METHOD Analysis of longitudinal data from a population-based sample of Australian young adult amphetamine-type stimulant users (n=248) to examine: (a) prevalence and timing of simultaneous alcohol and amphetamine-type stimulant use and (b) predictors of ecstasy- and methamphetamine-related aggression and hostility. Prediction models of ecstasy- and methamphetamine-related aggression and hostility were developed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Simultaneous alcohol consumption and amphetamine-type stimulant use was prevalent, with drinking generally occurring before consuming amphetamine-type stimulants and while 'high'. Methamphetamine-related aggression and hostility was significantly associated with recurrent risky simultaneous methamphetamine and alcohol use (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.74, 95% CI 1.09-6.89), a high frequency and increasing use methamphetamine trajectory (AOR 7.23, 95% CI 1.27-41.03), and high trait aggression (AOR 5.78, 95% CI 2.53-13.20). In contrast, only trait aggression (moderate: AOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.55-5.84; high: AOR 5.02, 95% CI 2.38-10.61) was associated with ecstasy-related aggression and hostility. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a link between risky patterns of simultaneous alcohol and methamphetamine use and methamphetamine-related aggression and hostility, independent of separate use of alcohol, methamphetamine and cannabis, trait aggression, psychosis, and gender. The policy challenges of amphetamine-type stimulant and alcohol use require a targeted, multidisciplinary approach.
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25
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Fede SJ, Harenski CL, Borg JS, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Rao V, Caldwell B, Nyalakanti PK, Koenigs M, Decety J, Calhoun VC, Kiehl KA. Abnormal fronto-limbic engagement in incarcerated stimulant users during moral processing. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3077-87. [PMID: 27401337 PMCID: PMC4982833 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stimulant use is a significant and prevalent problem, particularly in criminal populations. Previous studies found that cocaine and methamphetamine use is related to impairment in identifying emotions and empathy. Stimulant users also have abnormal neural structure and function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), amygdala, and anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate (PCC), regions implicated in moral decision-making. However, no research has studied the neural correlates of stimulant use and explicit moral processing in an incarcerated population. OBJECTIVES Here, we examine how stimulant use affects sociomoral processing that might contribute to antisocial behavior. We predicted that vmPFC, amygdala, PCC, and ACC would show abnormal neural response during a moral processing task in incarcerated methamphetamine and cocaine users. METHODS Incarcerated adult males (N = 211) were scanned with a mobile MRI system while completing a moral decision-making task. Lifetime drug use was assessed. Neural responses during moral processing were compared between users and non-users. The relationship between duration of use and neural function was also examined. RESULTS Incarcerated stimulant users showed less amygdala engagement than non-users during moral processing. Duration of stimulant use was negatively associated with activity in ACC and positively associated with vmPFC response during moral processing. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a dynamic pattern of fronto-limbic moral processing related to stimulant use with deficits in both central motive and cognitive integration elements of biological moral processes theory. This increases our understanding of how drug use relates to moral processing in the brain in an ultra-high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Fede
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vince C. Calhoun
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kent A. Kiehl
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
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Zhong N, Jiang H, Du J, Zhao Y, Sun H, Xu D, Li C, Zhuang W, Li X, Hashimoto K, Zhao M. The cognitive impairments and psychological wellbeing of methamphetamine dependent patients compared with health controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 69:31-7. [PMID: 27085943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with cognitive impairment and psychopathological symptoms. This longitudinal study aims to examine the cognitive function of MA addicts during periods of abstinence. METHODS Fifty-four MA dependent individuals and 58 healthy controls (HC) completed the psychological wellbeing scales and the CogState Battery that evaluated seven cognitive domains. During approximately 6-month abstinence, the subjects completed the CogState battery twice at the interval of 3months. RESULTS In the tasks of verbal memory, social emotional cognition, and spatial working memory, working memory, and problem solving the MA group performed worse than the HC group (P<0.05). After 6-month abstinence, impaired verbal memory, social emotion, and problem solving were improved in the MA group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the MA group showed lower scores in batteries of social adaptation (t=3.13, P=0.002) and quality of life (t=3.70, P<0.001) than the HC group, and 83.3% MA addicts displayed various psychiatric symptoms before study entry. CONCLUSIONS Chronic MA addicts exhibited impairment of some CogState battery domains and poor psychological wellbeing, and that some of these subdomains were recoverable on abstinence. Therefore, improved cognitive function should be considered an important component in the treatment of MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Compulsory Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxu Zhuang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Repeated transcranial direct current stimulation reduces food craving in Wistar rats. Appetite 2016; 103:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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28
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Abstract
Many psychoactive drugs increase social behavior and enhance social interactions, which may, in turn, increase their attractiveness to users. Although the psychological mechanisms by which drugs affect social behavior are not fully understood, there is some evidence that drugs alter the perception of emotions in others. Drugs can affect the ability to detect, attend to, and respond to emotional facial expressions, which in turn may influence their use in social settings. Either increased reactivity to positive expressions or decreased response to negative expressions may facilitate social interaction. This article reviews evidence that psychoactive drugs alter the processing of emotional facial expressions using subjective, behavioral, and physiological measures. The findings lay the groundwork for better understanding how drugs alter social processing and social behavior more generally.
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Lipinska G, Timol R, Thomas KGF. The implications of sleep disruption for cognitive and affective processing in methamphetamine abuse. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:914-21. [PMID: 26384529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is disrupted during active use of methamphetamine (MA), during withdrawal from the drug, and during abstinence from its use. However, relatively little is known about possible mediatory functions of disrupted sleep in the emergence, manifestation, and maintenance of cognitive and affective symptoms of MA abuse. We hypothesise that sleep functions as a mediator for stimulant drug effects. Specifically, we propose that objectively-measured sleep parameters can be used to explain some of the variability in the experience and presentation of memory deficits and emotion dysregulation in MA abusers. After describing how important healthy sleep is to unimpaired cognitive and affective functioning, we review literature describing how sleep is disrupted in MA abuse. Then, we provide a conceptual framework for our hypothesis by explaining the relationship between MA abuse, sleep disruption, memory deficits, emotion dysregulation, and changes in reward-related brain networks. We conclude by discussing implications of the hypothesis for research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Lipinska
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ridwana Timol
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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30
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Crunelle CL, Kaag AM, van den Munkhof HE, Reneman L, Homberg JR, Sabbe B, van den Brink W, van Wingen G. Dysfunctional amygdala activation and connectivity with the prefrontal cortex in current cocaine users. Hum Brain Mapp 2015. [PMID: 26220024 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stimulant use is associated with increased anxiety and a single administration of dexamphetamine increases amygdala activation to biologically salient stimuli in healthy individuals. Here, we investigate how current cocaine use affects amygdala activity and amygdala connectivity with the prefrontal cortex in response to biologically salient stimuli in an emotional face matching task (EFMT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Amygdala activity and amygdala connectivity during the EFMT were assessed in 51 cocaine using males and 32 non-drug-using healthy males using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Within the cocaine use group, we explored whether amygdala activation was associated with age of first use of cocaine and duration of cocaine use to distinguish between amygdala activation alterations as a cause or a consequence of cocaine use. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS We observed hyperactivity of the amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus and reduced amygdala connectivity with the anterior cingulate gyrus in response to angry and fearful facial expressions in current cocaine users compared to controls. Increased amygdala activation was independently associated with earlier age of first cocaine use and with longer exposure to cocaine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that amygdala hyperactivity to biologically salient stimuli may represent a risk factor for an early onset of cocaine use and that prolonged cocaine use may further sensitize amygdala activation. High amygdala activation to emotional face processing in current cocaine users may result from low prefrontal control of the amygdala response to such stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo L Crunelle
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Marije Kaag
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna E van den Munkhof
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Kapitány-Fövény M, Mervó B, Kertész M, Corazza O, Farkas J, Kökönyei G, Urbán R, Demetrovics Z. Is there any difference in patterns of use and psychiatric symptom status between injectors and non-injectors of mephedrone? Hum Psychopharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26216556 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, increasing intravenous mephedrone use was reported in several countries. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of such a form of mephedrone use, while identifying the differences between injectors and non-injectors in patterns of mephedrone use and psychiatric symptom status. METHODS One hundred and forty-five mephedrone users were surveyed on patterns of mephedrone use using a structured questionnaire as well as the Brief Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Majority of users received mephedrone from acquaintances and used it in discos/parties settings regarding both first and current mephedrone use. Intranasal use was the most typical route of administration (84.4%). Injectors (11%) used the drug more frequently and in higher dosages. This group included a greater proportion of opiate users (37.5%) and showed more diffuse psychiatric symptoms. Regarding the predictors of being an injector, heroin use showed the highest odds ratio. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous mephedrone use is associated with a higher risk of harmful drug use, elevated psychiatric symptom profile and increased possibility of mephedrone being considered as an addictive substance. These findings might be important in efficient treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Mervó
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Kertész
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ornella Corazza
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Salo R, Fassbender C. Structural, functional and spectroscopic MRI studies of methamphetamine addiction. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 11:321-64. [PMID: 22094881 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2011_172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews selected neuroimaging findings related to long-term amphetamine and methamphetamine (MA) use. An overview of structural and functional (fMRI) MR studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies conducted in long-term MA abusers is presented. The focus of this chapter is to present the relevant studies as tools to understand brain changes following drug abstinence and recovery from addiction. The behavioral relevance of these neuroimaging studies is discussed as they relate to clinical symptoms and treatment. Within each imaging section this chapter includes a discussion of the relevant imaging studies as they relate to patterns of drug use (i.e., duration of MA use, cumulative lifetime dose and time MA abstinent) as well as an overview of studies that link the imaging findings to cognitive measures. In our conclusion we discuss some of the future directions of neuroimaging as it relates to the pathophysiology of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Salo
- UC Davis Imaging Research Center, 4701 X Street, Sacramento, CA, USA,
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33
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Cadet JL, Bisagno V. Neuropsychological Consequences of Chronic Drug Use: Relevance to Treatment Approaches. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:189. [PMID: 26834649 PMCID: PMC4713863 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy use of drugs impacts of the daily activities of individuals in these activities. Several groups of investigators have indeed documented changes in cognitive performance by individuals who have a long history of chronic drug use. In the case of marijuana, a wealth of information suggests that heavy long-term use of the drug may have neurobehavioral consequences in some individuals. In humans, heavy cocaine use is accompanied by neuropathological changes that might serve as substrates for cognitive dysfunctions. Similarly, methamphetamine users suffer from cognitive abnormalities that may be consequent to alterations in structures and functions. Here, we detail the evidence for these neuropsychological consequences. The review suggests that improving the care of our patients will necessarily depend on the better characterization of drug-induced cognitive phenotypes because they might inform the development of better pharmacological and behavioral interventions, with the goal of improving cognitive functions in these subsets of drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lud Cadet
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Program, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Veronica Bisagno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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34
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State dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on methamphetamine craving. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1591-8. [PMID: 24825251 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modulate subjective craving ratings in drug dependents by modification of cortical excitability in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Given the mechanism of craving in methamphetamine (meth) users, we aimed to test whether tDCS of DLPFC could also alter self-reported craving in abstinent meth users while being exposed to meth cues. In this double-blinded, crossover, sham-controlled study, thirty two right-handed abstinent male meth users were recruited. We applied 20 min 'anodal' tDCS (2 mA) or 'sham' tDCS over right DLPFC in a random sequence while subjects performed a computerized cue-induced craving task (CICT) starting after 10 min of stimulation. Immediate craving was assessed before the stimulation, after 10 min of tDCS, and after tDCS termination by visual analog scale (VAS) of 0 to 100. Anodal tDCS of rDLPFC altered craving ratings significantly. We found a significant reduction of craving at rest in real tDCS relative to the sham condition (p = 0.016) after 10 min of stimulation. On the other hand, cue-induced VAS craving was rated significantly higher in the real condition in comparison with sham stimulation (p = 0.012). Our findings showed a state dependent effect of tDCS: while active prefrontal tDCS acutely reduced craving at rest in the abstinent meth users, it increased craving during meth-related cue exposure. These findings reflect the important role of the prefrontal cortex in both cue saliency evaluation and urge to meth consumption.
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35
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Gowin JL, Harlé KM, Stewart JL, Wittmann M, Tapert SF, Paulus MP. Attenuated insular processing during risk predicts relapse in early abstinent methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1379-87. [PMID: 24317375 PMCID: PMC3988541 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence that neuroimaging can be used to predict relapse among abstinent methamphetamine-dependent (MD) individuals. However, it remains unclear what cognitive and neural processes contribute to relapse. This investigation examined whether insula activation during risk-taking decisions-a process shown to be disrupted in MD-is able to predict susceptibility for relapse. Sixty-eight MD enrolled in a treatment program during early abstinence completed a risk-taking task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Sixty-three of the sixty-eight individuals were followed up 1 year after the study. Of these, 18 MD reported relapse. The 45 abstinent MD showed patterns of insula activation during risky decisions that resembled those found in prior studies of healthy controls, consisting of lower insula activation during safe decisions paired with higher activation during risky decisions. In contrast, the 18 relapsed MD showed similar insula activation during safe and risky decisions. An increase in one standard deviation in the difference in insula activation between risky and safe choices was associated with a 0.34 odds ratio for relapse at any given time. A median split of insula activation (difference between risky and safe) showed that individuals in the bottom half were two times more likely to relapse. In addition, a model that included several other brain regions increased prediction accuracy compared with insula-based model alone. These results suggest that failure to differentially activate the insula as a function of risk is a part of an altered risk-processing network associated with an increased susceptibility to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Gowin
- Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA,Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 8939 Villa La Jolla Dr Suite 200, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Tel: +1 970 396 6011, Fax: +1 858 822 3933, E-mail:
| | | | | | - Marc Wittmann
- Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA,Empirical and Analytical Psychophysics, Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA,Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, USA,Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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36
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Abstract
As a social species, humans evolved to detect information from the social behavior of others. Yet, the mechanisms used to evaluate social interactions, the brain networks implicated in such recognition, and whether individual differences in own social behavior determine response to similar behavior in others remain unknown. Here we examined social synchrony as a potentially important mechanism in the evaluation of social behavior and utilized the parenting context, an evolutionarily salient setting of significant consequences for infant survival, to test this issue. The brain response of healthy postpartum mothers to three mother-infant interaction vignettes was assessed. Videos included a typical synchronous interaction and two pathological interactions of mothers diagnosed with postpartum depression and anxiety that showed marked deviations from social synchrony. Mothers' own interactions with their 4- to 6-month-old infants were videotaped and micro-coded for synchrony. Results indicated that the recognition of social synchrony involved activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), fusiform, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, supplementary motor area and NAcc. Mother's own synchrony with her infant correlated with her dACC response to synchrony in others. Findings are consistent with models suggesting that social action underpins social recognition and highlight social synchrony and the mother-infant bond as one prototypical context for studying the brain basis of social understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Atzil
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute of Advanced imaging and School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute of Advanced imaging and School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute of Advanced imaging and School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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37
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Berkman ET, Graham AM, Fisher PA. Training Self-Control: A Domain-General Translational Neuroscience Approach. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2012; 6:374-384. [PMID: 23894251 PMCID: PMC3722070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Self-control plays an important role in healthy development and has been shown to be amenable to intervention. This article presents a theoretical framework for the emerging area of "brain-training" interventions that includes both laboratory-based direct training methods and ecologically valid school-, family-, and community-based interventions. Although these approaches have proliferated in recent years, evidence supporting them is just beginning to emerge, and conceptual models underlying many of the techniques they employ tend to be underspecified and imprecise. Identifying the neural systems responsible for improvements in self-control may be of tremendous benefit not only for overall intervention efficacy but also for basic science issues related to underlying shared biological mechanisms of psychopathology. This article reviews the neurodevelopment of self-control and explores its implications for theory, intervention, and prevention. It then presents a neurally informed framework for understanding self-control development and change and discusses how this framework may inform future intervention strategies for individuals suffering with psychopathology or drug abuse/dependence, or for young children with delays in cognitive or emotional functioning.
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38
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Dérèglements émotionnels chez les consommateurs de substances psychoactives : une revue de la littérature. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Effects of methamphetamine abuse and serotonin transporter gene variants on aggression and emotion-processing neurocircuitry. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e80. [PMID: 22832817 PMCID: PMC3309557 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who abuse methamphetamine (MA) exhibit heightened aggression, but the neurobiological underpinnings are poorly understood. As variability in the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene can influence aggression, this study assessed possible contributions of this gene to MA-related aggression. In all, 53 MA-dependent and 47 control participants provided self-reports of aggression, and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing pictures of faces. Participants were genotyped at two functional polymorphic loci in the SERT gene: the SERT-linked polymorphic region (SERT-LPR) and the intron 2 variable number tandem repeat polymorphism (STin2 VNTR); participants were then classified as having high or low risk for aggression according to individual SERT risk allele combinations. Comparison of SERT risk allele loads between groups showed no difference between MA-dependent and control participants. Comparison of self-report scores showed greater aggression in MA-dependent than control participants, and in high genetic risk than low-risk participants. Signal change in the amygdala was lower in high genetic risk than low-risk participants, but showed no main effect of MA abuse; however, signal change correlated negatively with MA use measures. Whole-brain differences in activation were observed between MA-dependent and control groups in the occipital and prefrontal cortex, and between genetic high- and low-risk groups in the occipital, fusiform, supramarginal and prefrontal cortex, with effects overlapping in a small region in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest that the investigated SERT risk allele loads are comparable between MA-dependent and healthy individuals, and that MA and genetic risk influence aggression independently, with minimal overlap in associated neural substrates.
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40
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Hart CL, Marvin CB, Silver R, Smith EE. Is cognitive functioning impaired in methamphetamine users? A critical review. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:586-608. [PMID: 22089317 PMCID: PMC3260986 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing view is that recreational methamphetamine use causes a broad range of severe cognitive deficits, despite the fact that concerns have been raised about interpretations drawn from the published literature. This article addresses an important gap in our knowledge by providing a critical review of findings from recent research investigating the impact of recreational methamphetamine use on human cognition. Included in the discussion are findings from studies that have assessed the acute and long-term effects of methamphetamine on several domains of cognition, including visuospatial perception, attention, inhibition, working memory, long-term memory, and learning. In addition, relevant neuroimaging data are reviewed in an effort to better understand neural mechanisms underlying methamphetamine-related effects on cognitive functioning. In general, the data on acute effects show that methamphetamine improves cognitive performance in selected domains, that is, visuospatial perception, attention, and inhibition. Regarding long-term effects on cognitive performance and brain-imaging measures, statistically significant differences between methamphetamine users and control participants have been observed on a minority of measures. More importantly, however, the clinical significance of these findings may be limited because cognitive functioning overwhelmingly falls within the normal range when compared against normative data. In spite of these observations, there seems to be a propensity to interpret any cognitive and/or brain difference(s) as a clinically significant abnormality. The implications of this situation are multiple, with consequences for scientific research, substance-abuse treatment, and public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Hart
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward E Smith
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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41
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Kim YT, Song HJ, Seo JH, Lee JJ, Lee J, Kwon DH, Yoo DS, Lee HJ, Suh KJ, Chang Y. The differences in neural network activity between methamphetamine abusers and healthy subjects performing an emotion-matching task: functional MRI study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1392-1400. [PMID: 21472808 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abusers commonly exhibit socially problematic behaviors, such as diminished empathy, decreased emotional regulation and interpersonal violence, which may be attributable to alterations in emotional experience. However, few studies have used functional MRI to examine directly the emotional experience of threatening or fearful non-face images in MA abusers. In this study, we investigated possible differences in neural correlates of negative emotional experiences between abstinent MA abusers and healthy subjects using complex visual scenes depicting fear or threat derived from the International Affective Picture System. In within-group analyses, healthy subjects and MA abusers activated a similarly distributed cortical network, prominently including the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex. In between-group analyses, however, MA abusers showed a reduced activation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and insula, and increased activation in the fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex, relative to healthy subjects. Hypoactivation of the insula in MA abusers relative to healthy subjects suggests that the ability to have an emotional response to threatening scenes and empathy for another's pain could be compromised in MA abusers. Hyperactivity in the fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex in MA abusers relative to healthy subjects indicates that threatening and fearful images from the International Affective Picture System may remind MA abusers of episodic memory related to similar experiences. Therefore, functional impairment of these neural networks in MA abusers may contribute to altered emotional experience in social interactions, which could lead to increased negative mood and stress in interpersonal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Tae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Gyeongsang nam-do, South Korea
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42
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Parvaz MA, Alia-Klein N, Woicik PA, Volkow ND, Goldstein RZ. Neuroimaging for drug addiction and related behaviors. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:609-24. [PMID: 22117165 PMCID: PMC3462350 DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the role of neuroimaging techniques in studying the emotional and cognitive-behavioral components of the addiction syndrome by focusing on the neural substrates subserving them. The phenomenology of drug addiction can be characterized by a recurrent pattern of subjective experiences that includes drug intoxication, craving, bingeing, and withdrawal with the cycle culminating in a persistent preoccupation with obtaining, consuming, and recovering from the drug. In the past two decades, imaging studies of drug addiction have demonstrated deficits in brain circuits related to reward and impulsivity. The current review focuses on studies employing positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate these behaviors in drug-addicted human populations. We begin with a brief account of drug addiction followed by a technical account of each of these imaging modalities. We then discuss how these techniques have uniquely contributed to a deeper understanding of addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Patricia A. Woicik
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
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Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: neuroimaging findings and clinical implications. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12:652-69. [PMID: 22011681 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1627] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The loss of control over drug intake that occurs in addiction was initially believed to result from disruption of subcortical reward circuits. However, imaging studies in addictive behaviours have identified a key involvement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) both through its regulation of limbic reward regions and its involvement in higher-order executive function (for example, self-control, salience attribution and awareness). This Review focuses on functional neuroimaging studies conducted in the past decade that have expanded our understanding of the involvement of the PFC in drug addiction. Disruption of the PFC in addiction underlies not only compulsive drug taking but also accounts for the disadvantageous behaviours that are associated with addiction and the erosion of free will.
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Kilpatrick LA, Labus JS, Coveleskie K, Hammer C, Rappold G, Tillisch K, Bueller JA, Suyenobu B, Jarcho JM, McRoberts JA, Niesler B, Mayer EA. The HTR3A polymorphism c. -42C>T is associated with amygdala responsiveness in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:1943-51. [PMID: 21420406 PMCID: PMC3757951 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists are effective in treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and have anxiolytic effects. Their therapeutic effects are related, in part, to reducing amygdala engagement during expected visceral pain. A single nucleotide polymorphism in HTR3A, c.-42C>T;(C178T; rs1062613), is associated with altered reactivity of the amygdala during emotional face processing in healthy subjects (controls). We evaluated the influence of this single nucleotide polymorphism on amygdala reactivity to emotional faces and nonemotional stimuli in female patients with IBS and controls. METHODS We measured brain responses during an affect-matching paradigm in 54 women (26 with IBS, 29 controls) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined associations between HTR3A c.-42C>T genotype (C/C vs T carrier) and responses in amygdala and other regions of brain that expressed high levels of 5-HT3R. RESULTS The C/C genotype was associated with greater anxiety symptoms in patients with IBS and controls and increased activation of the amygdala under emotional and nonemotional conditions. Among patients with IBS, C/C genotype was associated with greater symptom ratings. A subset of IBS patients with the C/C genotype had increased amygdala responses to nonemotional stimuli, compared with other subjects with C/C genotype. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of diagnosis, the C/C genotype of the c.-42C>T polymorphism in HTR3A, compared with T carrier status, is associated with increased anxiety and amygdala responsiveness during emotional and nonemotional tasks. This polymorphism was associated with severity of IBS symptoms. Although this genotype is not sufficient for diagnosis of IBS, it is associated with severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- LA Kilpatrick
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA
| | - JS Labus
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - K Coveleskie
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA
| | - C Hammer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Tillisch
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA
| | - JA Bueller
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA
| | - B Suyenobu
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA
| | - JM Jarcho
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA
| | - JA McRoberts
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA
| | - B Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - EA Mayer
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
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Bauernfeind AL, Dietrich MS, Blackford JU, Charboneau EJ, Lillevig JG, Cannistraci CJ, Woodward ND, Cao A, Watkins T, Di Iorio CR, Cascio C, Salomon RM, Cowan RL. Human Ecstasy use is associated with increased cortical excitability: an fMRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:1127-41. [PMID: 21326196 PMCID: PMC3079831 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic neurotoxin, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/Ecstasy), is a highly popular recreational drug. Human recreational MDMA users have neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments, and human neuroimaging data are consistent with animal reports of serotonin neurotoxicity. However, functional neuroimaging studies have not found consistent effects of MDMA on brain neurophysiology in human users. Several lines of evidence suggest that studying MDMA effects in visual system might reveal the general cortical and subcortical neurophysiological consequences of MDMA use. We used 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual stimulation to compare visual system lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and Brodmann Area (BA) 17 and BA 18 activation in 20 long abstinent (479.95±580.65 days) MDMA users and 20 non-MDMA user controls. Lifetime quantity of MDMA use was strongly positively correlated with blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal intensity in bilateral LGN (r(s)=0.59; p=0.007), BA 17 (r(s)=0.50; p=0.027), and BA 18 (r(s)=0.48; p=0.031), and with the spatial extent of activation in BA 17 (r(s)=0.059; p=0.007) and BA 18 (r(s)=0.55; p=0.013). There were no between-group differences in brain activation in any region, but the heaviest MDMA users showed a significantly greater spatial extent of activation than controls in BA 17 (p=0.031) and BA 18 (p=0.049). These results suggest that human recreational MDMA use may be associated with a long-lasting increase in cortical excitability, possibly through loss of serotonin input to cortical and subcortical regions. When considered in the context of previous results, cortical hyper-excitability may be a biomarker for MDMA-induced serotonin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Bauernfeind
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Henry JD, Mazur M, Rendell PG. Social-cognitive difficulties in former users of methamphetamine. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2009.tb00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim YT, Kwon DH, Chang Y. Impairments of facial emotion recognition and theory of mind in methamphetamine abusers. Psychiatry Res 2011; 186:80-4. [PMID: 20643485 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of methamphetamine is related to behavioral disturbances including depression, aggressive behavior, and social isolation. These alterations of social behavior may be attributable to impairments in social cognition. However, few studies have evaluated social cognition in methamphetamine (MA) abusers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether MA abusers exhibit social cognition deficits in terms of facial emotion recognition and theory of mind (ToM). We also assessed cognitive flexibility by using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to evaluate the impact of this function on social cognition. Twenty-eight MA abusers and twenty-seven healthy subjects enrolled in this study. All participants performed the Facial Emotion Recognition Task and advanced ToM tasks such as the Eye Test and Hinting Task. The Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and computerized versions of the WCST were also administrated. The performances of MA abusers on the Facial Emotion Recognition Task and Eyes Test were lower than those of healthy subjects. In the WCST, MA abusers completed significantly fewer categories and made more total and perseverative errors than healthy subjects did. In addition, impairments in cognitive flexibility are correlated with impairments in facial emotion recognition and ToM within MA abusers. These findings lend further support to the assertion that the capacity to identify emotions from facial expression and infer mental state of others is impaired in MA abusers. Therefore, treatment and rehabilitation for MA abusers must consider role of social cognition and include relearning social interactions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Tae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Gyeongsang nam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Payer DE, Lieberman MD, London ED. Neural correlates of affect processing and aggression in methamphetamine dependence. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 2011; 68:271-82. [PMID: 21041607 PMCID: PMC3447632 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Methamphetamine abuse is associated with high rates of aggression but few studies have addressed the contributing neurobiological factors. OBJECTIVE To quantify aggression, investigate function in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, and assess relationships between brain function and behavior in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. DESIGN In a case-control study, aggression and brain activation were compared between methamphetamine-dependent and control participants. SETTING Participants were recruited from the general community to an academic research center. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine methamphetamine-dependent volunteers (16 women) who were abstinent for 7 to 10 days and 37 drug-free control volunteers (18 women) participated in the study; subsets completed self-report and behavioral measures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on 25 methamphetamine-dependent and 23 control participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured self-reported and perpetrated aggression and self-reported alexithymia. Brain activation was assessed using fMRI during visual processing of facial affect (affect matching) and symbolic processing (affect labeling), the latter representing an incidental form of emotion regulation. RESULTS Methamphetamine-dependent participants self-reported more aggression and alexithymia than control participants and escalated perpetrated aggression more following provocation. Alexithymia scores correlated with measures of aggression. During affect matching, fMRI showed no differences between groups in amygdala activation but found lower activation in methamphetamine-dependent than control participants in the bilateral ventral inferior frontal gyrus. During affect labeling, participants recruited the dorsal inferior frontal gyrus and exhibited decreased amygdala activity, consistent with successful emotion regulation; there was no group difference in this effect. The magnitude of decrease in amygdala activity during affect labeling correlated inversely with self-reported aggression in control participants and perpetrated aggression in all participants. Ventral inferior frontal gyrus activation correlated inversely with alexithymia in control participants. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the hypotheses, methamphetamine-dependent individuals may successfully regulate emotions through incidental means (affect labeling). Instead, low ventral inferior frontal gyrus activity may contribute to heightened aggression by limiting emotional insight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Lieberman
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences
- UCLA Department of Psychology
| | - Edythe D. London
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology
- UCLA Brain Research Institute
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Sabatinelli D, Fortune EE, Li Q, Siddiqui A, Krafft C, Oliver WT, Beck S, Jeffries J. Emotional perception: meta-analyses of face and natural scene processing. Neuroimage 2010; 54:2524-33. [PMID: 20951215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional imaging studies of emotional processing typically contain neutral control conditions that serve to remove simple effects of visual perception, thus revealing the additional emotional process. Here we seek to identify similarities and differences across 100 studies of emotional face processing and 57 studies of emotional scene processing, using a coordinate-based meta-analysis technique. The overlay of significant meta-analyses resulted in extensive overlap in clusters, coupled with offset and unique clusters of reliable activity. The area of greatest overlap is the amygdala, followed by regions of medial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal/orbitofrontal cortex, inferior temporal cortex, and extrastriate occipital cortex. Emotional face-specific clusters were identified in regions known to be involved in face processing, including anterior fusiform gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, and emotional scene studies were uniquely associated with lateral occipital cortex, as well as pulvinar and the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. One global result of the meta-analysis reveals that a class of visual stimuli (faces vs. scenes) has a considerable impact on the resulting emotion effects, even after removing the basic visual perception effects through subtractive contrasts. Pure effects of emotion may thus be difficult to remove for the particular class of stimuli employed in an experimental paradigm. Whether a researcher chooses to tightly control the various elements of the emotional stimuli, as with posed face photographs, or allow variety and environmental realism into their evocative stimuli, as with natural scenes, will depend on the desired generalizability of their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Sabatinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Zorick T, Nestor L, Miotto K, Sugar C, Hellemann G, Scanlon G, Rawson R, London ED. Withdrawal symptoms in abstinent methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Addiction 2010; 105:1809-18. [PMID: 20840201 PMCID: PMC3071736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Withdrawal symptoms have been linked to a propensity for relapse to drug abuse. Inasmuch as this association applies to methamphetamine (MA) abuse, an understanding of the course of MA withdrawal symptoms may help to direct treatment for MA dependence. Previous studies of symptoms manifested during abstinence from MA have been limited in size and scope. We asked (i) whether debilitating psychological and/or physical symptoms appear during the first several weeks of MA abstinence, (ii) how craving for MA evolves and (iii) whether psychiatric symptoms (e.g. depression, psychosis) persist beyond a month of abstinence. DESIGN A study of MA-dependent participants, who initiated and maintained abstinence from the drug for up to 5 weeks, compared to a matched healthy comparison group. SETTING In-patient research hospital ward (MA-dependent subjects) and out-patient (comparison subjects). PARTICIPANTS Fifty-six MA-dependent and eighty-nine comparison subjects. MEASUREMENTS Rater-assessed MA withdrawal questionnaire and self-report assessment of craving (MA-dependent subjects) and self-report assessment of psychiatric symptoms (both groups). FINDINGS At study entry, MA-dependent subjects exhibited a wide range in severity of depressive symptoms, with the average score at a mild-moderate level of severity. Symptoms of psychosis were also prevalent. While depressive and psychotic symptoms largely resolved within a week of abstinence, craving did not decrease significantly from the time of initiating abstinence until the second week, and then continued at a reduced level to the fifth week. CONCLUSIONS Depressive and psychotic symptoms accompany acute withdrawal from methamphetamine but resolve within 1 week. Craving is also present and lasts at least 5 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Zorick
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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