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Fovet T, Pignon B, Wathelet M, Benradia I, Roelandt JL, Jardri R, Thomas P, D'Hondt F, Amad A. Admission to jail and psychotic symptoms: a study of the psychotic continuum in a sample of recently incarcerated men. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:25-34. [PMID: 35859058 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to measure the prevalence of psychotic symptoms (PSs) and psychotic disorders (PDs) in a sample of men entering jail and to compare these prevalences with those observed in the general population. We also aimed to explore the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with PSs and PDs. METHODS The Mental Health in the Prison Population (MHPP) survey interviewed 630 incarcerated men upon admission to jail, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. We looked for associations between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the presence of lifetime PSs and PDs in the MHPP and Mental Health in the General Population (MHGP) surveys, which used the same methodology to collect data from the jail and general populations of the same geographical area. RESULTS A higher proportion of PSs without PDs was found in the MHGP group (25.3% vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001), whereas a higher prevalence of PDs was found in the MHPP group (7.0% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001). The multivariable model indicated that subjects who were single or separated/divorced/widowed and had a history of trauma exposure were at joint risk of PSs and PDs, whereas entering jail was not associated with either PSs or PDs after adjustment for all covariates. CONCLUSION The present study shows that PDs, but not PSs, are more prevalent in men entering jail than in the general population. This overrepresentation could be further explained by the exposure to vulnerability factors found in this population rather than by any specificity related to entering jail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fovet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNcog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Plasticity and Subjectivity Team, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Centre National de Ressources Et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « Henri Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Marielle Wathelet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNcog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Plasticity and Subjectivity Team, F-59000, Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources Et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), 59000, Lille, France.,Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie Et Santé Mentale, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Imane Benradia
- EPSM Lille Métropole, Centre Collaborateur de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé Pour La Recherche Et La Formation en Santé Mentale, Lille, France.,ECEVE, UMRS 1123, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Roelandt
- EPSM Lille Métropole, Centre Collaborateur de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé Pour La Recherche Et La Formation en Santé Mentale, Lille, France.,ECEVE, UMRS 1123, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNcog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Plasticity and Subjectivity Team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Fontan Hospital, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Dpt. & CURE Research Platform, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNcog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Plasticity and Subjectivity Team, F-59000, Lille, France.,Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie Et Santé Mentale, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNcog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Plasticity and Subjectivity Team, F-59000, Lille, France.,Centre National de Ressources Et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ali Amad
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNcog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Plasticity and Subjectivity Team, F-59000, Lille, France.,Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie Et Santé Mentale, Hauts-de-France, France
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2
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Matheson SL, Laurie M, Laurens KR. Substance use and psychotic-like experiences in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:305-319. [PMID: 36377500 PMCID: PMC9899577 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise the available evidence on the prevalence and associations between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and substance use in children and adolescents aged ⩽17 years, prior to the typical age of development of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. As substance use has been associated with earlier age of psychosis onset and more severe illness, identifying risk processes in the premorbid phase of the illness may offer opportunities to prevent the development of prodromal symptoms and psychotic illness. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for chart review, case-control, cohort, twin, and cross-sectional studies. Study reporting was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist, and pooled evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Searches identified 55 studies that met inclusion criteria. Around two-in-five substance users reported PLEs [rate = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32-0.51; low quality evidence], and one-in-five with PLEs reported using substances (rate = 0.19, 95% CI 0.12-0.28; moderate-to-high quality evidence). Substance users were nearly twice as likely to report PLEs than non-users [odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.55-2.02; moderate quality evidence], and those with PLEs were twice as likely to use substances than those not reporting PLEs (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.55-2.41; very low quality evidence). Younger age was associated with greater odds of PLEs in substance users compared to non-users. Young substance users may represent a subclinical at-risk group for psychosis. Developing early detection and intervention for both substance use and PLEs may reduce long-term adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Matheson
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), Sydney, Australia
| | - Mallory Laurie
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Bisback A, Vanderplasschen W, Colins OF. Differences in Offending Behaviors, Aggression, Substance Use, and Mental Health Problems between Male Drug Dealers and Non-Drug Dealers in Belgian Youth Detention Centers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16390. [PMID: 36554272 PMCID: PMC9778352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether drug dealing juvenile offenders in Belgium differ from non-drug dealers in levels of violent and non-violent offending behaviors, aggression, substance use, and mental health needs. The current study examined data from 226 16- to 17-year-old male juvenile offenders. Information relating to drug dealing, substance use, and mental health needs were collected through self-report questionnaires. A structured diagnostic interview was used to collect information about past violent and non-violent behaviors. Chi-square tests and multivariate analysis of variance compared non-dealers and dealers and explored if hard-drug dealers and soft-drug dealers differed from each other. Relative to non-drug dealers, drug dealers engaged in more violent offending behaviors, exhibited higher levels of aggression, substance use and oppositional defiant problems, and displayed lower levels of anxiety. Soft- and hard-drug dealers did not differ from each other. To conclude, detained drug dealers are characterized by severe antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Bisback
- Department of Special Needs Education at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Vanderplasschen
- Department of Special Needs Education at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier F. Colins
- Department of Special Needs Education at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Criminological and Psychosocial Research, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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4
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Malvaso CG, Cale J, Whitten T, Day A, Singh S, Hackett L, Delfabbro PH, Ross S. Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma Among Young People Who Offend: A Systematic Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:1677-1694. [PMID: 33960233 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211013132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesized current knowledge about the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among young people known to have offended and examined evidence of associations between ACEs, trauma symptoms, and offending behavior. A systematic search of English-language, peer-reviewed studies published from the year 2000 onwards was conducted. A final pool of 124 studies that reported quantitative data were included in the review. The Cambridge Quality Checklist for the assessment of studies on offending was used to assess methodological quality of included studies. Pooled data indicated that almost 87% of justice-involved young people across 13 countries experienced at least one traumatic event. The odds of experiencing at least one ACE were over 12 times greater for justice-involved young people compared with nonjustice-involved young people. Prevalence of individual ACEs ranged from 12.2% for childhood sexual abuse to 80.4% for parental separation among justice-involved young people. Those who reported both a higher number and multiple types of ACEs were more likely to be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, when considering only high-quality studies, there was minimal evidence to suggest that a higher incidence of ACEs predicted trauma symptoms or that trauma symptoms mediated the association between ACEs and offending behavior. Further research is needed to elucidate factors that differentiate young people exposed to ACEs who go on to offend from those who do not. This research is essential to understanding whether ACEs and trauma are drivers of offending behavior and for informing prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia G Malvaso
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jesse Cale
- Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyson Whitten
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Day
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Singh
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louisa Hackett
- Department of Human Services, Youth Justice Directorate, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Stuart Ross
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Delaney D, Balestrieri SG, Bassett SS, Stein LAR. A Brief Screen to Detect Cannabis Use Disorder Among Incarcerated Youth. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2021.1943587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shayna S. Bassett
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- Steppingstone, Inc., Fall River, MA, USA
| | - L. A. R. Stein
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island Training School, Cranston, RI, USA
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6
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Kiburi SK, Molebatsi K, Ntlantsana V, Lynskey MT. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk of psychosis: Are there factors that moderate this relationship? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Subst Abus 2021; 42:527-542. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1876200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kanana Kiburi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Keneilwe Molebatsi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vuyokazi Ntlantsana
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addiction Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings college London, London, UK
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McKetin R, Leung J, Stockings E, Huo Y, Foulds J, Lappin JM, Cumming C, Arunogiri S, Young JT, Sara G, Farrell M, Degenhardt L. Mental health outcomes associated with of the use of amphetamines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 16:81-97. [PMID: 31832623 PMCID: PMC6890973 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of amphetamines is a global public health concern. We summarise global data on use of amphetamines and mental health outcomes. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD 42017081893). We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo for methamphetamine or amphetamine combined with psychosis, violence, suicidality, depression or anxiety. Included studies were human empirical cross-sectional surveys, case-control studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials that assessed the association between methamphetamine and one of the mental health outcomes. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool results for any use of amphetamines and amphetamine use disorders. FINDINGS 149 studies were eligible and 59 were included in meta-analyses. There was significant heterogeneity in effects. Evidence came mostly from cross-sectional studies. Any use of amphetamines was associated with higher odds of psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95%CI 1.3-3.3), violence (OR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.1; adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.4, 95%CI 0.8-2.4), suicidality OR = 4.4, 95%CI 2.4-8.2; AOR = 1.7, 95%CI 1.0-2.9) and depression (OR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2; AOR = 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.4). Having an amphetamine use disorder was associated with higher odds of psychosis (OR = 3.0, 95%CI 1.9-4.8; AOR = 2.4, 95%CI 1.6-3.5), violence (OR = 6.2, 95%CI 3.1-12.3), and suicidality (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.8-2.9; AOR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.3-1.8). INTERPRETATION Methamphetamine use is an important risk factor for poor mental health. High quality population-level studies are needed to more accurately quantify this risk. Clinical responses to methamphetamine use need to address mental health harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Janni Leung
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily Stockings
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yan Huo
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - James Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julia M. Lappin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Cumming
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse T. Young
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Justice Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Sara
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
- InforMH, System Information and Analytics Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Winningham RD, Banks DE, Buetlich MR, Aalsma MC, Zapolski TCB. Substance use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology on behavioral outcomes among juvenile justice youth. Am J Addict 2018; 28:29-35. [PMID: 30576034 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Substance use behaviors have been identified as a risk factor that places juveniles at greater risk for engaging in delinquent behaviors and continual contact with the juvenile justice system. Currently, there is lack of research that explores comorbid factors associated with substance use, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, that could help identify youth who are at greatest risk. The aim of the present study was to examine if PTSD symptomology moderated the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms and externalizing behaviors and commission of a violent crime; hypothesizing that risk would be heightened among youth with elevated SUD and PTSD symptomology compared to those with elevated SUD symptoms but lower PTSD symptoms. METHOD The study included 194 predominantly male (78.4%), non-White (74.2%) juvenile justice youth between the ages of 9-18 (M = 15.36). Youth provided responses to assess PTSD symptoms, SUD symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Commission of a violent crime was based on parole officer report. RESULTS Findings indicated that SUD symptomology was associated with greater externalizing behaviors at high levels of PTSD symptomology. At low levels of PTSD symptomology, SUD symptoms were inversely associated with externalizing behaviors. An interactive relationship was not observed for commission of violent crimes. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the association between SUD symptoms and externalizing behaviors among juvenile offenders may be best explained by the presence of PTSD symptomology. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Addressing PTSD rather than SUD symptoms may be a better target for reducing risk for externalizing behaviors among this population of youth (Am J Addict 2019;28:29-35).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin E Banks
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marcy R Buetlich
- Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- School of Medicine-Pediatrics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Lansing A, Plante WY, Fennema-Notestine C, Golshan S, Beck AN. Psychotic-spectrum symptoms, cumulative adversity exposure and substance use among high-risk girls. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:74-86. [PMID: 29282872 PMCID: PMC5788710 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Psychotic-spectrum symptoms are linked to trauma, substance/alcohol use (SAU), criminality/violence and poor functional outcomes, supporting the need for early detection in vulnerable populations. To better understand high-risk girls' mental health, we assessed: (1) psychotic-spectrum symptoms; (2) cumulative trauma, adversity and loss exposures (C-TALE) and adversity-indicators (symptoms, maladaptive coping, stressor-reactivity); and SAU risk-factors; and (3) relationships among psychotic-spectrum symptoms, adversity-indicators and SAU risk-factors. METHODS We administered the Structured Clinical Interviews for Psychotic Spectrum, and Trauma and Loss Spectrum to 158 adolescent delinquent girls. RESULTS Girls' psychotic-spectrum profiles were similar to previously reported adult psychotic patients and characterized by typical symptoms (hallucinations/delusions, reported largely SAU-independent), interpersonal sensitivity, schizoid traits and paranoia (over-interpretation, anger over-reactivity, hypervigilance). Auditory/visual hallucinations (55.7%), delusions (92.4%), ideas of reference (96.8%) and adversity (90.0% ≥10/24 C-TALE-types) were common. Mean loss (4) and trauma (8) onset-age occurred before SAU-onset (12). Significant positive correlations were found among psychotic-spectrum symptoms, stressor-reactivity, C-TALE, adversity-indicators; and number of SAU-types; and a negative correlation occurred between psychotic-spectrum symptoms and earlier alcohol use onset. After controlling for number of SAU-types, stressor-reactivity and adversity-related numbing individually had the largest associations with total psychotic-spectrum symptoms (b = 2.6-4.3). Girls averaged more than 4 maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., 24.8% attempted suicide) in response to adversity, amplifying potential health-disparities. No racial/ethnic differences emerged on psychotic-spectrum symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This symptom constellation during adolescence likely interferes with social and academic functioning. Whether representing a prodromal phase, trauma-response or cross-diagnostic psychopathology, accurate early detection and appropriate treatment of psychotic-spectrum symptoms are warranted to improve functional outcomes in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lansing
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Sociology, San Diego State University
| | - Wendy Y. Plante
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Sociology, San Diego State University
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shahrokh Golshan
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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10
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Vahl P, Colins OF, Lodewijks HPB, Lindauer R, Markus MT, Doreleijers TAH, Vermeiren RR. Psychopathic traits and maltreatment: Relations with aggression and mental health problems in detained boys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2016; 46:129-136. [PMID: 27107822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathic traits and a history of maltreatment are well-known risk factors for mental health problems and aggression. A better insight in the impact of such risk factors on juvenile delinquents is likely to help tailoring treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to examine mental health problems and aggression in detained delinquent youths with various levels of psychopathic traits and maltreatment. Standardized questionnaires were used to assign 439 detained male adolescents (N = 439; from 13 to 18years of age) to one of six mutually exclusive groups: adolescents with (1) low psychopathic traits without maltreatment; (2) low psychopathic traits and one type of maltreatment; (3) low psychopathic traits and multiple types of maltreatment; (4) high psychopathic traits without maltreatment; (5) high psychopathic traits and one type of maltreatment and finally (6) high psychopathic traits and multiple types of maltreatment. Next, groups were compared on mental health problems, mental disorders and reactive and proactive aggression. Findings indicated that compared to the low psychopathic traits groups, high psychopathic traits groups had markedly higher levels of externalizing mental health problems (such as attention deficit/hyperactivity, substance abuse, rule-breaking), proactive and reactive aggression, but not of internalizing mental health problems (anxiety and depression). Mental health problems in boys with a low level of psychopathic traits increased with the number of types of maltreatment in their history. In boys with a high level of psychopathic traits, group differences did not reach significance. Levels of proactive and reactive aggression increased with the number of types of maltreatment in boys with low levels of psychopathic traits, but not in those with high psychopathic traits. Thus, in detained adolescents both psychopathic traits and the number of maltreatment types are related to the severity of mental health problems and types of aggression. When used in routine screening procedures, these risk factors may thus improve identification and support targeted treatment-allocation of detained adolescents with serious clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vahl
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
| | - Olivier F Colins
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Henny P B Lodewijks
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Lodewijks Advies, Sonnenbergstraat 1, 7203 DW Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Lindauer
- VUmc de Bascule, P.O. Box 303, 1115 ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monica T Markus
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A H Doreleijers
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; VUmc de Bascule, P.O. Box 303, 1115 ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert R Vermeiren
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, The Netherlands; Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, 2342 AK Oegstgeest, The Netherlands; VUmc de Bascule, P.O. Box 303, 1115 ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Hoeve M, Colins OF, Mulder EA, Loeber R, Stams GJJM, Vermeiren RRJM. The association between childhood maltreatment, mental health problems, and aggression in justice-involved boys. Aggress Behav 2015; 41:488-501. [PMID: 25788428 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The link between childhood maltreatment and adolescent aggression is well documented; yet, studies examining potential mechanisms that explain this association are limited. In the present study, we tested the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent aggression in boys in juvenile justice facilities (N = 767) and examined the contribution of mental health problems to this relationship. Data on childhood maltreatment, mental health problems, and aggression were collected by means of self-report measures and structural equation models were used to test mediation models. We found that mental health problems mediated the link between maltreatment and aggression. Results demonstrated different pathways depending on the type of aggression examined. The association between childhood maltreatment and reactive aggression was fully mediated by a variety of mental health problems and for proactive aggression the association was partially mediated by mental health problems. We also found that reactive and proactive aggression partially mediated the association between maltreatment and mental health problems. These findings suggest that a transactional model may best explain the negative effects of childhood trauma on mental health problems and (in particular reactive) aggression. In addition, our findings add to the existing evidence that reactive and proactive aggression have different etiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld Hoeve
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Olivier F. Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Curium - Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd); Zutphen the Netherlands
| | - Eva A. Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Curium - Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd); Zutphen the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Loeber
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic; University of Pittsburgh Medical School; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Geert Jan J. M. Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Curium - Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd); Zutphen, the Netherlands
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Schalinski I, Fischer Y, Rockstroh B. Impact of childhood adversities on the short-term course of illness in psychotic spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:633-40. [PMID: 26099657 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates an impact of childhood adversities on the severity and course of mental disorders, whereas this impact on psychotic disorders remains to be specified. Effects of childhood adversities on comorbidity, on symptom severity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and global functioning across four months (upon admission, 1 and 4 months after initial assessment), as well as the course of illness (measured by the remission rate, number of re-hospitalizations and dropout rate) were evaluated in 62 inpatients with psychotic spectrum disorders. Adverse experiences (of at least 1 type) were reported by 73% of patients. Patients with higher overall level of childhood adversities (n=33) exhibited more co-morbid disorders, especially alcohol/substance abuse and dependency, and higher dropout rates than patients with a lower levels of adverse experiences (n=29), together with higher levels of positive symptoms and symptoms of excitement and disorganization. Emotional and physical neglect were particularly related to symptom severity. Results suggest that psychological stress in childhood affects the symptom severity and, additionally, a more unfavorable course of disorder in patients diagnosed with psychoses. This impact calls for its consideration in diagnostic assessment and psychiatric care.
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Colins OF, Grisso T, Vahl P, Guy L, Mulder E, Hornby N, Pronk C, Markus M, Doreleijers T, Vermeiren R. Standardized Screening for Mental Health Needs of Detained Youths from Various Ethnic Origins: The Dutch Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version (MAYSI-2). JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015; 37:481-492. [PMID: 26273126 PMCID: PMC4531136 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the U.S., the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Second Version (MAYSI-2) has been shown to be a reliable and valid tool to identify youth with mental health needs upon entry in detention facilities. The present study examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Dutch MAYSI-2 administered as part of routine clinical assessments in up to 955 detained male adolescents. Standardized mental health screening questionnaires (Youth Self-Report and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were used to test the convergent validity of the Dutch MAYSI-2. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the factor structure of the original MAYSI-2 could be replicated with the Dutch MAYSI-2. Internal consistency indices showed that the Dutch MAYSI-2 provides a reliable screening of mental health needs. In addition, the Dutch MAYSI-2 scales were related with conceptually parallel measures of the same targeted mental health needs in the total group. With a few exceptions, the internal consistency and convergent validity was supported across ethnic groups as well. Overall, these results suggest the psychometric properties of the Dutch MAYSI-2 to be promising. Implications and limitations of the current study’s findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier F. Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Curium-LUMC, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, AK 2342 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Grisso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, l 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Pauline Vahl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Curium-LUMC, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, AK 2342 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
| | - Laura Guy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, l 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Eva Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Curium-LUMC, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, AK 2342 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
| | - Natasja Hornby
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
| | - Christine Pronk
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
| | - Monica Markus
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Curium-LUMC, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, AK 2342 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
| | - Theo Doreleijers
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
- Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Postbus 303, 115ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Curium-LUMC, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, AK 2342 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth (Academische Werkplaats Forensische Zorg voor Jeugd), Postbus 94, 7200 AB Zutphen, Netherlands
- Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Postbus 303, 115ZG Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
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Type and timing of childhood maltreatment and severity of shutdown dissociation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127151. [PMID: 25992568 PMCID: PMC4438058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociation, particularly the shutting down of sensory, motor and speech systems, has been proposed to emerge in susceptible individuals as a defensive response to traumatic stress. In contrast, other individuals show signs of hyperarousal to acute threat. A key question is whether exposure to particular types of stressful events during specific stages of development can program an individual to have a strong dissociative response to subsequent stressors. Vulnerability to ongoing shutdown dissociation was assessed in 75 inpatients (46M/29F, M = 31±10 years old) with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and related to number of traumatic events experienced or witnessed during childhood or adulthood. The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale was used to collect retrospective recall of exposure to ten types of maltreatment during each year of childhood. Severity of shutdown dissociation was related to number of childhood but not adult traumatic events. Random forest regression with conditional trees indicated that type and timing of childhood maltreatment could predictably account for 31% of the variance (p < 0.003) in shutdown dissociation, with peak vulnerability occurring at 13-14 years of age and with exposure to emotional neglect followed by various forms of emotional abuse. These findings suggest that there may be windows of vulnerability to the development of shutdown dissociation. Results support the hypothesis that experienced events are more important than witnessed events, but challenge the hypothesis that “life-threatening” events are a critical determinant.
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Colins OF, Grisso T, Mulder E, Vermeiren R. The relation of standardized mental health screening and categorical assessment in detained male adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:339-49. [PMID: 25116035 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Having an effective triage tool is an important step toward a careful use of the restricted time and qualified personnel to perform comprehensive psychiatric assessment in juvenile justice settings. The aims of this study were to examine the construct validity of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Inventory-second version (MAYSI-2), and its likelihood to identify youths who might have a psychiatric disorder. Data from up to 781 male adolescents (mean age = 16.73 years) were gathered as part of the standardized mental health screening and assessment in two all-male Youth Detention Centers in the Netherlands. Categorical assessments were based on two structured diagnostic interviews. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the curve were calculated to evaluate the likelihood of the MAYSI-2 to identify youths with a psychiatric disorder. Youths with a disorder scored significantly higher on the corresponding MAYSI-2 subscale than youths without a disorder. In the total sample, 70 % of the youths with a disorder met the Caution cut-off criteria on at least one MAYSI-2 scale, while youths without a psychiatric disorder were very unlikely to meet cut-off criteria for multiple MAYSI-2 scales. Overall, the sensitivity was slightly better when analyses were repeated in groups of youths from various ethnic origins. The findings supported the construct validity of the Dutch MAYSI-2 and suggested that the MAYSI-2 is a valid mental health screening tool that may serve relatively well as a triage tool. Its effectiveness, however, may differ between ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Curium-LUMC, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, AK 2342, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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Girls' quality of life prior to detention in relation to psychiatric disorders, trauma exposure and socioeconomic status. Qual Life Res 2014; 24:1419-29. [PMID: 25429824 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Practice and research on detained girls has mainly been problem oriented, overlooking these minors' own perspective on and satisfaction with life. The aim of this study was to examine how girls evaluate multiple domains of quality of life (QoL) and how each domain is affected by psychiatric (co)morbidity, trauma, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS An abbreviated version of the World Health Organization (WHO) QoL Instrument was used to assess the girls' (N = 121; M(age) = 16.28) QoL prior to detention. This self-report questionnaire consists of two benchmark items referring to their overall QoL and health, and 24 remaining items measuring their QoL regarding four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment). The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV was used to assess the past-year prevalence of psychiatric disorders and life-time trauma exposure. RESULTS Detained girls perceived their QoL almost as good as the 12- to 20-year-olds from the WHO's international field trial on all but one domain (i.e., psychological health). They were most satisfied with their social relationships and least satisfied with their psychological health. Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and low SES were distinctively and negatively related to various domains of QoL. The girls' psychological health was most adversely affected by psychosocial and socioeconomic problems, while these variables had an almost negligible impact on their satisfaction with their social relationships. CONCLUSIONS The particularity of each domain of QoL supports a multidimensional conceptualization of QoL. Regarding treatment, psychological health appears as a domain of major concern, while social relationships might serve as a source of resilience.
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Montgomery KL, Vaughn MG, Thompson SJ, Howard MO. Heterogeneity in drug abuse among juvenile offenders: is mixture regression more informative than standard regression? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2013; 57:1326-1346. [PMID: 23027831 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x12459185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Research on juvenile offenders has largely treated this population as a homogeneous group. However, recent findings suggest that this at-risk population may be considerably more heterogeneous than previously believed. This study compared mixture regression analyses with standard regression techniques in an effort to explain how known factors such as distress, trauma, and personality are associated with drug abuse among juvenile offenders. Researchers recruited 728 juvenile offenders from Missouri juvenile correctional facilities for participation in this study. Researchers investigated past-year substance use in relation to the following variables: demographic characteristics (gender, ethnicity, age, familial use of public assistance), antisocial behavior, and mental illness symptoms (psychopathic traits, psychiatric distress, and prior trauma). Results indicated that standard and mixed regression approaches identified significant variables related to past-year substance use among this population; however, the mixture regression methods provided greater specificity in results. Mixture regression analytic methods may help policy makers and practitioners better understand and intervene with the substance-related subgroups of juvenile offenders.
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Goldstone E, Farhall J, Ong B. Synergistic pathways to delusions: enduring vulnerabilities, proximal life stressors and maladaptive psychological coping. Early Interv Psychiatry 2011; 5:122-31. [PMID: 21535423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM We sought to extend findings on the vulnerability to psychosis by investigating multifactorial pathways to delusions. Risk factors assessed spanned across early acquired vulnerabilities (heredity, childhood trauma, early cannabis use), proximal life stressors (life hassles, methamphetamine use) and psychological coping (experiential avoidance). METHODS Participants were recruited to a non-clinical sample (n = 133) or a clinical sample of psychosis patients (n = 100). RESULTS Path analyses indicated three distinct pathways predicting vulnerability to delusions in the non-clinical sample: (i) childhood emotional trauma combined with subsequent experiences of life hassles; (ii) heredity in combination with experiential avoidance; and (iii) early cannabis use combined with proximal methamphetamine use. The first pathway was partially mediated by experiential avoidance. The model was largely replicated in the clinical sample, with childhood sexual trauma replacing emotional trauma in the model. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that vulnerability to delusions can be usefully predicted by a synergistic model incorporating early-acquired vulnerability factors, proximal day-to-day factors and cognitive styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot Goldstone
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Fisher HL, Jones PB, Fearon P, Craig TK, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Hutchinson G, Doody GA, McGuffin P, Leff J, Murray RM, Morgan C. The varying impact of type, timing and frequency of exposure to childhood adversity on its association with adult psychotic disorder. Psychol Med 2010; 40:1967-78. [PMID: 20178679 PMCID: PMC3272393 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291710000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity has been associated with onset of psychosis in adulthood but these studies have used only general definitions of this environmental risk indicator. Therefore, we sought to explore the prevalence of more specific adverse childhood experiences amongst those with and without psychotic disorders using detailed assessments in a large epidemiological case-control sample (AESOP). METHOD Data were collected on 182 first-presentation psychosis cases and 246 geographically matched controls in two UK centres. Information relating to the timing and frequency of exposure to different types of childhood adversity (neglect, antipathy, physical and sexual abuse, local authority care, disrupted living arrangements and lack of supportive figure) was obtained using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire. RESULTS Psychosis cases were three times more likely to report severe physical abuse from the mother that commenced prior to 12 years of age, even after adjustment for other significant forms of adversity and demographic confounders. A non-significant trend was also evident for greater prevalence of reported severe maternal antipathy amongst those with psychosis. Associations with maternal neglect and childhood sexual abuse disappeared after adjusting for maternal physical abuse and antipathy. Paternal maltreatment and other forms of adversity were not associated with psychosis nor was there evidence of a dose-response effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that only specific adverse childhood experiences are associated with psychotic disorders and only in a minority of cases. If replicated, this greater precision will ensure that research into the mechanisms underlying the pathway from childhood adversity to psychosis is more fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Fisher
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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