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Cheng Y, Dao C, Zhou H, Li B, Kember RL, Toikumo S, Zhao H, Gelernter J, Kranzler HR, Justice AC, Xu K. Multi-trait genome-wide association analyses leveraging alcohol use disorder findings identify novel loci for smoking behaviors in the Million Veteran Program. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:148. [PMID: 37147289 PMCID: PMC10162964 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking behaviors and alcohol use disorder (AUD), both moderately heritable traits, commonly co-occur in the general population. Single-trait genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci for smoking and AUD. However, GWASs that have aimed to identify loci contributing to co-occurring smoking and AUD have used small samples and thus have not been highly informative. Applying multi-trait analysis of GWASs (MTAG), we conducted a joint GWAS of smoking and AUD with data from the Million Veteran Program (N = 318,694). By leveraging GWAS summary statistics for AUD, MTAG identified 21 genome-wide significant (GWS) loci associated with smoking initiation and 17 loci associated with smoking cessation compared to 16 and 8 loci, respectively, identified by single-trait GWAS. The novel loci for smoking behaviors identified by MTAG included those previously associated with psychiatric or substance use traits. Colocalization analysis identified 10 loci shared by AUD and smoking status traits, all of which achieved GWS in MTAG, including variants on SIX3, NCAM1, and near DRD2. Functional annotation of the MTAG variants highlighted biologically important regions on ZBTB20, DRD2, PPP6C, and GCKR that contribute to smoking behaviors. In contrast, MTAG of smoking behaviors and alcohol consumption (AC) did not enhance discovery compared with single-trait GWAS for smoking behaviors. We conclude that using MTAG to augment the power of GWAS enables the identification of novel genetic variants for commonly co-occuring phenotypes, providing new insights into their pleiotropic effects on smoking behavior and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshu Cheng
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Cecilia Dao
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Boyang Li
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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Matsumoto A, Hara M, Ashenagar MS, Tokiya M, Sawada T, Iwasaka C, Furukawa T, Kitagawa K, Miyake Y, Hirota Y. Variant Allele of ALDH2, rs671, Associates with Attenuated Post-Vaccination Response in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein IgG: A Prospective Study in the Japanese General Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1035. [PMID: 35891198 PMCID: PMC9320019 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the predictors of vaccine immunogenicity is essential for infection control. We have reported that the most prevalent polymorphism of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2), rs671, may be associated with an attenuated immune system. To test the inverse relationship between rs671 and antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination, the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein S1 subunit (S1) IgG were repeatedly measured for four months before and after vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, in 88 Japanese workers and students (including 45 females, aged 21-56 years, with an rs671 variant allele frequency of 0.3). The mixed model including fixed effects of the vaccine type, weeks post vaccination (categorical variable), sex, age, height, smoking status, ethanol intake, exercise habit, perceived stress, steroid use, allergic diseases, and dyslipidemia, indicated an inverse association between log-transformed anti-S1 IgG levels and the number of rs671 variant alleles (partial regression coefficient = -0.15, p = 0.002). Our study indicated for the first time that the variant allele of ALDH2, rs671, is associated with the attenuated immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Our finding may provide a basis for personalized disease prevention based on a genetic polymorphism that is prevalent among East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.S.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (C.I.); (T.F.)
| | - Mohammad Said Ashenagar
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.S.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Mikiko Tokiya
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.S.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Takeshi Sawada
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Chiharu Iwasaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (C.I.); (T.F.)
| | - Takuma Furukawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (M.H.); (C.I.); (T.F.)
| | - Kyoko Kitagawa
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan;
| | - Yasunobu Miyake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 840-8501, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- SOUSEIKAI Medical Group, Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Medical Co., LTA, 3-6-1 Kashii-Teriha, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan;
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The ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism is associated with athletic status and muscle strength in a Japanese population. Biol Sport 2022; 39:429-434. [PMID: 35309545 PMCID: PMC8919894 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) catalyses aldehyde species, including alcohol metabolites, mainly in the liver. We recently observed that ALDH2 is also expressed in skeletal muscle mitochondria; thus, we hypothesize that rs671 polymorphism-promoted functional loss of ALDH2 may induce deleterious effects in human skeletal muscle. We aimed to clarify the association of the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism with muscle phenotypes and athletic capacity in a large Japanese cohort. A total of 3,055 subjects, comprising 1,714 athletes and 1,341 healthy control subjects (non-athletes), participated in this study. Non-athletes completed a questionnaire regarding their exercise habits, and were subjected to grip strength, 30-s chair stand, and 8-ft walking tests to assess muscle function. The ALDH2 GG, GA, and AA genotypes were detected at a frequency of 56%, 37%, and 7% among athletes, and of 54%, 37%, and 9% among non-athletes, respectively. The minor allele frequency was 25% in athletes and 28% in controls. Notably, ALDH2 genotype frequencies differed significantly between athletes and non-athletes (genotype: p = 0.048, allele: p = 0.021), with the AA genotype occurring at a significantly lower frequency among mixed-event athletes compared to non-athletes (p = 0.010). Furthermore, non-athletes who harboured GG and GA genotypes exhibited better muscle strength than those who carried the AA genotype (after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, and exercise habits). The AA genotype and A allele of the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism were associated with a reduced athletic capacity and poorer muscle phenotypes in the analysed Japanese cohort; thus, impaired ALDH2 activity may attenuate muscle function.
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Jee Y, Park S, Yuk E, Cho SI. Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11392. [PMID: 34769908 PMCID: PMC8583641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Association between drinking and smoking has remained controversial since the association between two studies were influenced by various confounding. Thus, our study aimed to explore the causal effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking using alcohol flushing as an instrument variable, which is free from confounders. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 2500 Korean young adults (1600 men and 900 women). Alcohol flushing was strongly associated with log transformed alcohol consumption (F = 272). In men, alcohol non-flushers were 1.41 times (95% CI 1.28-1.55) more likely to smoke 100 cigarettes in their lifetime in logistic regression analysis. Alcohol non-flushers were also 1.3 times (95% CI 1.21-1.40) more likely to become daily smokers and 1.39 times (95% CI 1.27-1.51) more likely to be current smokers than alcohol flushers. However, in an IV analysis, no causal relationships between alcohol consumption and smoking status were found. Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, was causally associated with lowering nicotine dependence and former smoking in men. Alcohol consumption determined by alcohol flushing status does not appear to be causally linked to the smoking behavior of young adults. The relationship between alcohol consumption and nicotine dependence and smoking cessation needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Jee
- Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Susan Park
- Institute for Community Care and Health Equity, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Eunu Yuk
- Korea Health Promotion Institute, Namsan Square Building, Toegyero 173, Jung-gu, Seoul 04554, Korea;
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Matsumoto A, Nakashima C, Kimura S, Sueoka E, Aragane N. ALDH2 polymorphism rs671 is a predictor of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor efficacy against thoracic malignancies. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:584. [PMID: 34022841 PMCID: PMC8140463 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays an important role in the endogenous aldehyde detoxification of various types of cells. ALDH2*2, a variant allele of the ALDH2 polymorphism rs671, leads to decreased enzymatic activity. ALDH2*2 may enhance tumor antigen presentation due to aldehyde-induced DNA damage while suppressing peripheral blood T cell counts and T cell activation. Methods On the basis of our hypothesis that rs671 affects the sensitivity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), we evaluated the effects of rs671 on patients with thoracic malignancies who started ICI therapy in 2016–2019. The cohort consisted of 105 cases, including 64 cases with adenocarcinoma and 30 cases with squamous cell carcinoma, 49 of whom were ALDH2*2 carriers. The first ICI was PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, or Atezolizumab) in all cases. Results The best response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (partial response/stable disease/progressive disease) was 36%/50%/14% in the rs671(−) cases; however, the response was relatively poor in the rs671(+) cases (27%/29%/45%, respectively) (p = 0.002). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of disease progression within the observation period of 6 months for the rs671(+) cases was estimated to be 5.0 (2.5–10) after the adjustment for covariates, including sex, Brinkman index, treatment line, tumor tissue programmed death-ligand 1 positivity rate, tumor tissue EGFR mutation. This association was also maintained in a stratified analysis, suggesting that ALDH2*2 is an independent negative predictive factor for the short-term prognosis of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Thus, the progression-free survival (PFS) ratio of the rs671(+) cases decreased rapidly after ICI initiation but was eventually higher than that of the rs671(−) cases (restricted mean survival time in 12 months from 2 to 3 years afterward was 1.3 times that of the rs671(−) cases). Moreover, the highest PFS ratio after 2 years among sub-groups was found in the first-line treatment sub-group of rs671(+) group (40%). Conclusions Our study suggests that rs671 may be an accurate and cost-effective predictor of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment, in which optimal case selection is an important issue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08329-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Chiho Nakashima
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University School of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University School of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko Aragane
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University School of Medicine, Saga, Japan
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Corpas M, Megy K, Mistry V, Metastasio A, Lehmann E. Whole Genome Interpretation for a Family of Five. Front Genet 2021; 12:535123. [PMID: 33763108 PMCID: PMC7982663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.535123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although best practices have emerged on how to analyse and interpret personal genomes, the utility of whole genome screening remains underdeveloped. A large amount of information can be gathered from various types of analyses via whole genome sequencing including pathogenicity screening, genetic risk scoring, fitness, nutrition, and pharmacogenomic analysis. We recognize different levels of confidence when assessing the validity of genetic markers and apply rigorous standards for evaluation of phenotype associations. We illustrate the application of this approach on a family of five. By applying analyses of whole genomes from different methodological perspectives, we are able to build a more comprehensive picture to assist decision making in preventative healthcare and well-being management. Our interpretation and reporting outputs provide input for a clinician to develop a healthcare plan for the individual, based on genetic and other healthcare data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corpas
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Continuing Education Madingley Hall Madingley, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karyn Megy
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge & National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonio Metastasio
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Lehmann
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Jung Y, Montel RA, Shen PH, Mash DC, Goldman D. Assessment of the Association of D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Reported Allele Frequencies With Alcohol Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1914940. [PMID: 31702801 PMCID: PMC6902783 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The association between the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) Taq1A locus (rs1800497) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is enduring but the subject of long-standing controversy; meta-analysis of studies across 3 decades shows an association between rs1800497 and AUD, but genome-wide analyses have detected no role for rs1800497 in any phenotype. No evidence has emerged that rs1800497, which is located in ANKK1, perturbs the expression or function of DRD2. OBJECTIVE To resolve contradictions in previous studies by identifying hidden confounders and assaying for functional effects of rs1800497 and other loci in the DRD2 region. DATA SOURCES PubMed (882 studies), Embase (1056 studies), and Web of Science (501 studies) databases were searched through August 2018. Three clinical populations-Finnish, Native American, and African American participants-were genotyped for 208 to 277 informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the DRD2 region to test the associations of SNPs in this region with AUD. STUDY SELECTION Eligible studies had diagnosis of AUD made by accepted criteria, reliable genotyping methods, sufficient genotype data to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs, and availability of control allele frequencies or genotype frequencies. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS After meta-analysis of 62 studies, metaregression was performed to detect between-study heterogeneity and to explore the effects of moderators, including deviations of cases and controls from allele frequencies in large population databases (ExAC and 1000 Genomes). Linkage to AUD and the effect on gene expression of rs1800497 were evaluated in the context of other SNPs in the DRD2 region. Data analysis was performed from August 2018 to March 2019. This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The effects of rs1800497 and other SNPs in the DRD2 region on gene expression were measured in human postmortem brain samples via differential allelic expression and evaluated in other tissues via publicly available expression quantitative locus data. RESULTS A total of 62 studies of DRD2 and AUD with 16 294 participants were meta-analyzed. The rs1800497 SNP was associated with AUD (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31; P < .001). However, the association was attributable to spuriously low allele frequencies in controls in positive studies, which also accounted for some between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 43%; 95% CI, 23%-58%; Q61 = 107.20). Differential allelic expression of human postmortem brain and analysis of expression quantitative loci in public data revealed that a cis-acting locus or loci perturb the DRD2 transcript level; however, rs1800497 does not and is not in strong disequilibrium with such a locus. Across the DRD2 region, other SNPs are more strongly associated with AUD than rs1800497, although no DRD2 SNP was significantly associated in these 3 clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this meta-analysis, the significant association of DRD2 with AUD was reassessed. The DRD2 association was attributable to anomalously low control allele frequencies, not function, in positive studies. For genetic studies, statistical replication is not verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonwoo Jung
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Rachel A. Montel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Matoba N, Akiyama M, Ishigaki K, Kanai M, Takahashi A, Momozawa Y, Ikegawa S, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Hirata M, Matsuda K, Kubo M, Okada Y, Kamatani Y. GWAS of smoking behaviour in 165,436 Japanese people reveals seven new loci and shared genetic architecture. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:471-477. [PMID: 31089300 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for a wide range of human diseases1. To investigate the genetic components associated with smoking behaviours in the Japanese population, we conducted a genome-wide association study of four smoking-related traits using up to 165,436 individuals. In total, we identified seven new loci, including three loci associated with the number of cigarettes per day (EPHX2-CLU, RET and CUX2-ALDH2), three loci associated with smoking initiation (DLC1, CXCL12-TMEM72-AS1 and GALR1-SALL3) and LINC01793-MIR4432HG, associated with the age of smoking initiation. Of these, three loci (LINC01793-MIR4432HG, CXCL12-TMEM72-AS1 and GALR1-SALL3) were found by conducting an additional sex-stratified genome-wide association study. This additional analysis showed heterogeneity of effects between sexes. The cross-sex linkage disequilibrium score regression2,3 analysis also indicated that the genetic component of smoking initiation was significantly different between the sexes. Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis and trait-relevant tissue analysis showed that the number of cigarettes per day has a specific genetic background distinct from those of the other three smoking behaviours. We also report 11 diseases that share genetic basis with smoking behaviours. Although the current study should be carefully considered owing to the lack of replication samples, our findings characterized the genetic architecture of smoking behaviours. Further studies in East Asian populations are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Matoba
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyotake, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyotake, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. .,Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Matsumoto A. [Importance of an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Polymorphism in Preventive Medicine]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:9-20. [PMID: 29386454 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unlike genetic alterations in other aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes, a defective ALDH2 polymorphism (rs671), which is carried by almost half of East Asians, does not show a clear phenotype such as a shortened life span. However, impacts of a defective ALDH2 allele, ALDH2*2, on various disease risks have been reported. As ALDH2 is responsible for the detoxification of endogenous aldehydes, a negative effect of this polymorphism is predicted, but bidirectional effects have been actually observed and the mechanisms underlying such influences are often complex. One reason for this complexity may be the existence of compensatory aldehyde detoxification systems and the secondary effects of these systems. There are many issues to be addressed with regard to the ALDH2 polymorphism in the field of preventive medicine, including the following concerns. First, ALDH2 in the fetal stage plays a role in aldehyde detoxification; therefore, prenatal health effects of environmental aldehyde exposure are of concern for ALDH2*2-carrying fetuses. Second, ALDH2*2 carriers are at high risk of drinking-related cancers. However, their drinking habits result in less worsening of physiological findings, such as energy metabolism index and liver functions, compared with non-ALDH2*2 carriers, and therefore opportunities to detect excessive drinking can be lost. Third, personalized medicine such as personalized prescriptions for ALDH2*2 carriers will be required in the clinical setting, and accumulation of evidence is awaited. Lastly, since the ALDH2 polymorphism is not considered in workers' limits of exposure to aldehydes and their precursors, efforts to lower exposure levels beyond legal standards are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine
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Nakagawa-Senda H, Hachiya T, Shimizu A, Hosono S, Oze I, Watanabe M, Matsuo K, Ito H, Hara M, Nishida Y, Endoh K, Kuriki K, Katsuura-Kamano S, Arisawa K, Nindita Y, Ibusuki R, Suzuki S, Hosono A, Mikami H, Nakamura Y, Takashima N, Nakamura Y, Kuriyama N, Ozaki E, Furusyo N, Ikezaki H, Nakatochi M, Sasakabe T, Kawai S, Okada R, Hishida A, Naito M, Wakai K, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Tanaka H. A genome-wide association study in the Japanese population identifies the 12q24 locus for habitual coffee consumption: The J-MICC Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1493. [PMID: 29367735 PMCID: PMC5784172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, and its role in human health has received much attention. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have investigated genetic variants associated with coffee consumption in European populations, no such study has yet been conducted in an Asian population. Here, we conducted a GWAS to identify common genetic variations that affected coffee consumption in a Japanese population of 11,261 participants recruited as a part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study. Coffee consumption was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and converted from categories to cups/day. In the discovery stage (n = 6,312), we found 2 independent loci (12q24.12–13 and 5q33.3) that met suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10−6). In the replication stage (n = 4,949), the lead variant for the 12q24.12–13 locus (rs2074356) was significantly associated with habitual coffee consumption (P = 2.2 × 10−6), whereas the lead variant for the 5q33.3 locus (rs1957553) was not (P = 0.53). A meta-analysis of the discovery and replication populations, and the combined analysis using all subjects, revealed that rs2074356 achieved genome-wide significance (P = 2.2 × 10−16 for a meta-analysis). These findings indicate that the 12q24.12-13 locus is associated with coffee consumption among a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kaori Endoh
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yora Nindita
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosono
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Epidemiology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Epidemiology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tae Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayo Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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