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Whitton SW, Swann G, Newcomb ME. Common and Unique Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Assigned Female at Birth. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2024; 39:277-294. [PMID: 39107073 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) are at disproportionately high risk for intimate partner violence victimization (IPVV), yet remain understudied. Using two time points of data collected from 367 SGM-AFAB young people (aged 16-31 years), we tested whether common, general population risk factors (childhood violence, depression, alcohol and cannabis use, and low social support) and unique stigma-related factors (enacted stigma, microaggressions, and internalized stigma) prospectively predicted psychological, physical, sexual, and identity abuse IPVV in the following 6 months. Results indicated that some traditional risk factors, including child abuse, depression, cannabis use, and low social support, raise IPVV risk among SGM-AFAB youth. Microaggressions and internalized stigma represent additional, unique IPVV risk factors in this population. SGM-affirmative efforts to prevent IPVV should address these common and SGM-specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Whitton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Swann
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wilkinson ML, Trainor C, Lampe E, Presseller EK, Juarascio A. Cannabis use and binge eating: Examining the relationship between cannabis use and clinical severity among adults with binge eating. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 32:392-397. [PMID: 38236224 PMCID: PMC11253108 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cannabis use is prevalent among individuals with binge eating (BE; i.e., the inability to control eating behavior). Yet, only two studies to date (both over 20 years old) have tested if cannabis use relates to clinical severity among BE samples. Characterizing the relationship between cannabis use, eating disorder (ED) severity, and other psychiatric symptoms in BE samples is necessary for informing screening and clinical recommendations. The present study characterized cannabis use among adults with BE and tested between-group and within-group relationships between cannabis use and eating disorder symptoms, alcohol consumption and symptoms, and depression symptoms. Participants (N = 165) were treatment-seeking adults with at least once weekly BE in the past 3 months who completed clinical interviews and self-report measures before treatment. Over 23% of participants reported cannabis use in the past 3 months, with most persons using cannabis reported using "once or twice" or "monthly." Most persons using cannabis reported cannabis-related symptoms. Persons using cannabis reported significantly greater alcohol consumption and were more likely to report alcohol-related symptoms compared to persons not using cannabis. No associations were observed between cannabis use, eating disorder symptoms, and depressions symptoms. These findings indicate that a notable subset of patients with BE use cannabis and experience cannabis-related problems, and that cannabis and alcohol use may be related for these individuals. Considering legal and sociocultural shifts in cannabis availability and prevalence, results from the present study support screening for cannabis and alcohol use patterns in patients with BE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Trainor
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University
| | - Elizabeth Lampe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University
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Patrick ME, Pang YC, Terry-McElrath YM, Arterberry BJ. Historical Trends in Cannabis Use Among U.S. Adults Ages 19-55, 2013-2021. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:477-486. [PMID: 38411146 PMCID: PMC11289868 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study used U.S. national data to examine trends in cannabis use from 2013 to 2021, focusing on changes in cannabis prevalence during young and middle adulthood and whether trends differed by sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD Data from 2013 to 2021 from 21,182 respondents ages 19-30 and 29,871 ages 35-55 in the national Monitoring the Future panel study (followed since they were in 12th grade in 1976-2020) were used to model historical trends in cannabis prevalence (any 12-month use, any 30-day use, and near-daily use [≥20 occasions in the past 30 days]). RESULTS Prevalence of 12-month, 30-day, and near-daily cannabis use significantly increased from 2013 to 2021 for both young and middle adults. Trends for all three behaviors indicated either consistent linear increases or two-slope increases in which the slope estimate was larger in more recent years. Historical increases in 12-month and 30-day use were similar for young and middle adulthood; the historical increase in near-daily use among middle adults had some evidence for a possible pandemic-related deviation. Historical trends did not differ by race/ethnicity or college degree. Trends for 12-month and 30-day use differed by sex, with women increasing more than men over time, especially during middle adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Significant increases in the prevalence of cannabis use have occurred over the past decade for young and middle adults across sociodemographic groups, with some indication that near-daily use increased among middle adults at the onset of the pandemic. Although men continue to have a higher prevalence than women, the gap has narrowed, with greater increases in cannabis use among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuk C. Pang
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Romm KF, Berg CJ, Wang Y, Cohn AM. Patterns of Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among Sexual Minority Females and Males From PATH Wave 5: The Role of Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Correlates. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024; 45:397-407. [PMID: 38281150 DOI: 10.1177/29767342231222245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although sexual minority (SM; vs heterosexual) individuals display higher rates of tobacco and cannabis use, limited research has examined sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of single and co-use among this population. METHODS Participants were SM-identifying female (N = 2419; Mage = 27.80; 50.0% racial/ethnic minority) and male (N = 1142; Mage = 30.34; 46.1% racial/ethnic minority) adults from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Multinomial logistic regressions examined sociodemographic (ie, sexual identity, age, race/ethnicity, education, income) and psychosocial (ie, alcohol use, mental health, substance use) correlates of single and co-use (ie, no use [referent], tobacco-only, cannabis-only, co-use), controlling for state cannabis legalization, among SM females and males, separately. RESULTS The proportions of SM females reporting no use, tobacco-only, cannabis-only, and co-use were 37.9%, 24.0%, 10.5%, and 27.6%, respectively. Among males, 40.6%, 27.8%, 10.1%, and 21.5% reported no use, tobacco-only, cannabis-only, and co-use, respectively. Among females and males, substance use problems were associated with all 3 use groups (vs no use); past-month alcohol use was associated with cannabis-only and co-use; and mental health symptoms were associated with co-use (and cannabis-only in males). Sociodemographic correlates among females were: tobacco-only-identifying as bisexual (vs lesbian), White (vs Black), older, lower education, and lower income; cannabis-only-bisexual, other race (vs White); and co-use-White (vs Hispanic), lower education, and lower income. Among males, sociodemographic correlates were: tobacco-only-older, lower education, and lower income; cannabis-only-Black (vs White) and higher income. CONCLUSIONS Public health efforts to reduce tobacco and cannabis use among SM adults should target single versus co-use patterns and their corresponding sociodemographic, mental health, and substance use profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy M Cohn
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Ugwuegbu O, Shibli F, Kim Y, Rangan V, Kurin M, Ayoub F, Ganocy S, Kavitt R, Fass R. The Impact of Chronic Cannabis Use on Esophageal Motility in Patients Referred for Esophageal Manometry. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:342-348. [PMID: 37436840 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, binds with high affinity to the cannabinoid 1 receptor. Small randomized controlled studies using conventional manometry have shown that the cannabinoid 1 receptor can modulate esophageal function, namely transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation frequency and lower esophageal sphincter tone. The effect of cannabinoids on esophageal motility in patients referred for esophageal manometry has not been fully elucidated using high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM). We aimed to characterize the clinical effect of chronic cannabis use on esophageal motility utilizing HREM. METHODS Patients who underwent HREM from 2009 to 2019 were identified at 4 academic medical centers. The study group consisted of patients with a noted history of chronic cannabis use, a diagnosis of cannabis-related disorder, or a positive urine toxicology screen. Age and gender-matched patients with no history of cannabis use were selected to form the control group. Data on HREM metrics based on the Chicago classification V3, and the prevalence of esophageal motility disorders were compared. Confounding effects of BMI and medications on esophageal motility were adjusted for. RESULTS Chronic cannabis use was found to be an independent negative predictor of weak swallows (β=-8.02, P =0.0109), but not a predictor of failed swallows ( P =0.6890). The prevalence of ineffective esophageal motility was significantly lower in chronic cannabis users compared with nonusers (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.19-0.93, P =0.0384). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of other esophageal motility disorders between the 2 cohorts. In patients with dysphagia as their primary indication for HREM, chronic cannabis use was found to be independently associated with increased median integrated relaxation pressure (β=6.638, P =0.0153) and increased mean lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (β=10.38, P =0.0084). CONCLUSIONS Chronic cannabis use is associated with decreased weak swallows and reduced prevalence of ineffective esophageal motility in patients referred for esophageal manometry. In patients referred for dysphagia, chronic cannabis use is associated with increased integrated relaxation pressure and lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure, though not to levels above the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Ugwuegbu
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
- Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Fahmi Shibli
- Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yeseong Kim
- Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vikram Rangan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Digestive Disease Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Kurin
- Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Fares Ayoub
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen Ganocy
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert Kavitt
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ronnie Fass
- Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Ladegard K, Bhatia D. Impact of Cannabis Legalization on Adolescent Cannabis Use. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:635-646. [PMID: 37879828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Because of substantial limitations in available national data, such as inconsistencies among surveys and small sample sizes, the increased prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents since recreational legalization has not been directly observed. Nevertheless, both usage frequency and product potency have significantly increased, alongside alternative routes of delivery to smoking, such as vaping cannabis. Moreover, certain populations may be especially vulnerable to the effects of legalization. Regardless of differing state-level cannabis legalization status, the adverse consequences of cannabis on youth have clear negative impacts on mental health, medical symptoms, educational outcomes, and increased risk of addiction to other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Ladegard
- Denver Health, University of Colorado, 601 Broadway 7th Floor, MC7779, Denver, CO 80203, USA.
| | - Devika Bhatia
- University of Colorado, 13007 East 19th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Waddell JT, Okey SA, McDonald A, Quiroz SI, Woods-Gonzalez R, Corbin WR. Cannabis use in context: Relations among impulsive personality traits, context, and cannabis problems. Addict Behav 2023; 147:107841. [PMID: 37651903 PMCID: PMC10563507 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impulsive personality traits are associated with cannabis problems. Person-Environment Transactions Theory suggests that highly impulsive individuals behave differently in certain contexts, however little research has focused on the context in which cannabis is used. Therefore, the current study tested whether impulsive traits moderated relations between cannabis use contexts (social vs. solitary) and cannabis problems. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, college student who use cannabis (N = 435; 60.7% female) reported on their impulsive traits (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, premeditation, perseverance, and sensation seeking), typical cannabis use context (i.e., alone, with friends), typical cannabis use frequency, and past 30-day cannabis problems. RESULTS Both solitary cannabis use and negative urgency were associated with more cannabis problems. There were significant interactions between negative urgency and solitary cannabis use and lack of perseverance and solitary cannabis use, such that high and mean (but not low) levels of both negative urgency and lack of perseverance were associated with more cannabis problems the more frequently an individual used cannabis alone. There was also a significant interaction between sensation seeking and social cannabis use, such that high and mean (but not low) levels of sensation seeking were associated with cannabis problems for individuals who used cannabis more socially. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that impulsivity may potentiate risk for cannabis problems depending on the context in which cannabis is used. Prevention efforts may benefit from targeting protective strategy use in certain cannabis use contexts based upon an individual's personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Sarah A Okey
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA
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Whitton SW, Welge JA, Newcomb ME. Evaluation of Traditional Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2023; 13:456-467. [PMID: 38962161 PMCID: PMC11218919 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective Sexual and gender minority youth assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) than heterosexual and cisgender youth. To inform efforts to reduce these disparities, we explored whether IPV risk factors identified in the general population are associated with IPV among SGM-AFAB young people. Method Using multiwave longitudinal data from a 400 SGM-AFAB youth (ages 16-20 at baseline), we estimated between- and within-persons effects of demographic/contextual characteristics (gender, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status), developmental/background factors (childhood violence), and psychological/behavioral factors (antisocial behavior, depression, problematic alcohol and cannabis use) on a range of IPV experiences (victimization and perpetration of psychological, physical, sexual, and SGM-specific IPV). Results In this SGM-AFAB sample, IPV experiences were associated with many traditional risk factors identified in the general population, including race, economic stress, childhood violence, antisocial behavior, depression, and use of substances (particularly cannabis). In contrast to previous research, we did not find that SGM youth with transgender or gender nonbinary identities, or with bi- or pan-sexual identities, were at greater risk for IPV than other SGM youth. Very few putative risk factors were associated with SGM-specific IPV. Conclusion Findings suggest SGM youth could benefit from IPV prevention approaches that target common risk factors at multiple ecological levels (policies to reduce poverty and racism, parenting programs, interventions to reduce mental health and substance use problems). Continued research is needed to explore how risk for IPV among SGM-AFAB youth may vary by gender identity, sexual identity, and stigma-based experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
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Newberger NG, Forkus SR, Thomas ED, Goldstein SC, Ferguson JJ, Sullivan TP, Weiss NH. Ecological investigation of the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cannabis use among community women experiencing intimate partner violence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110905. [PMID: 37515827 PMCID: PMC10530157 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk for developing hazardous patterns of cannabis use. Research suggests that women experiencing IPV use cannabis to cope with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. To advance research, we used experience sampling methods to explicate the within-day concurrent and proximal relations between PTSD symptom clusters and cannabis use among women experiencing IPV. METHOD Participants were 145 community women (M age = 40.66, 41.6% white, 31.4% Black, 10.9% Hispanic or Latina, 8% American Indian/Alaska Native, 5.8% Bi-/multi-racial) experiencing IPV and using substances who completed three surveys a day for 30 days. RESULTS Externalizing behavior (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.15, 1.65], p < 0.001) and dysphoric arousal (OR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.09, 1.49], p = 0.002) PTSD symptom clusters were associated with cannabis use reported in the same survey period. Results from the lagged models found no proximal associations between PTSD symptom clusters and cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the acute effects of externalizing behavior and dysphoric arousal PTSD symptoms on cannabis use among women experiencing IPV. These findings may inform prevention and intervention efforts for cannabis use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam G Newberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Shannon R Forkus
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emmanuel D Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Silvi C Goldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Tami P Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
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Sedani AE, Campbell JE, Beebe LA. Cannabis use among cancer survivors in 22 states: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020. Cancer 2023; 129:2499-2513. [PMID: 37029457 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified factors associated with recent cannabis use and cannabis use for medical purposes among cancer survivors relative to individuals without a history of cancer. METHODS Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed for the 22 states completing the optional cannabis module in 2020. Weighted multiple logistic regression was performed to explore variables associated with past 30-day cannabis use and cannabis use for medical purposes, stratified by history of cancer. Covariates included state-level cannabis policy, sociodemographic characteristics, health status indicators, and substance use. RESULTS Cannabis use was lower among cancer survivors compared to individuals with no history of cancer (7.57% vs. 10.83%). However, a higher proportion of cancer survivors reported use for medical purposes (82.23% vs. 62.58%). After adjusting for state-level policy, biological sex, age, educational attainment, self-reported race/ethnicity, home ownership, mental health status and physical health status, current smoking (odds ratio [OR], 5.14 vs. 3.74) and binge drinking (OR, 2.71 vs. 2.69) were associated with cannabis use in both groups. Characteristics associated with medical cannabis use varied for the two groups; however, daily use (20-30 days; OR, 1.72 vs. 2.43) was associated with cannabis use for medical purposes in both groups after adjusting for other variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of individuals report cannabis use for medical purposes with higher rates among cancer survivors. Findings support the urgent need for ongoing cannabis research to better understand and inform its use for medical purposes, as well as the development of high-quality standardized education materials and clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami E Sedani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Janis E Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura A Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Cousins MM, Mayo C, Devasia T, Dykstra M, Regan S, Miller S, Allen SG, Bryant AK, Morales-Rivera K, Herr DJ, Edwards DM, Takayesu J, Birer S, Egerer N, Evans J, Elliott D, Henderson C, Laucis AM, McFarlane M, Dragovic AF, Shah J, Hayman JA, Coughlin LN, Ilgen M, Jagsi R. Cannabis Use in Patients Seen in an Academic Radiation Oncology Department. Pract Radiat Oncol 2023; 13:112-121. [PMID: 36460181 PMCID: PMC9996408 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cannabis use rates are increasing in the United States. Patients with cancer use cannabis for many reasons, even without high-quality supporting data. This study sought to characterize cannabis use among patients seen in radiation oncology in a state that has legalized adult nonmedical use cannabis and to identify key cannabis-related educational topics. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cannabis history was documented by providers using a structured template at patient visits in an academic radiation oncology practice October 2020 to November 2021. Cannabis use data, including recency/frequency of use, reason, and mode of administration, were summarized, and logistic regression was used to explore associations between patient and disease characteristics and recent cannabis use. A multivariable model employed stepwise variable selection using the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS Of 3143 patients total, 91 (2.9%) declined to answer cannabis use questions, and 343 (10.9%) endorsed recent use (≤1 month ago), 235 (7.5%) noted nonrecent use (>1 month ago), and 2474 (78.7%) denied history of cannabis use. In multivariable analyses, those ≥50 years old (odds ratio [OR], 0.409; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.294-0.568; P < .001) or with history of prior courses of radiation (OR, 0.748; 95% CI, 0.572-0.979; P = .034) were less likely, and those with a mental health diagnosis not related to substance use (OR, 1.533; 95% CI, 1.171-2.005; P = .002) or who smoked tobacco (OR, 3.003; 95% CI, 2.098-4.299; P < .001) were more likely to endorse recent cannabis use. Patients reported pain, insomnia, and anxiety as the most common reasons for use. Smoking was the most common mode of administration. CONCLUSIONS Patients are willing to discuss cannabis use with providers and reported recent cannabis use for a variety of reasons. Younger patients new to oncologic care and those with a history of mental illness or tobacco smoking may benefit most from discussions about cannabis given higher rates of cannabis use in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Cousins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Chuck Mayo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa Devasia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Dykstra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samuel Regan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sean Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex K Bryant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Daniel J Herr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Donna M Edwards
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jamie Takayesu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samuel Birer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nancy Egerer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Elliott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Caitlin Henderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna M Laucis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew McFarlane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jennifer Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James A Hayman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lara N Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark Ilgen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Yockey RA, Cristol BA, Stryker S, Kline N. Typical Sources and Locations of Marijuana among US Young Adults: Differences by Sexual Minority Status. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:704-708. [PMID: 36852431 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2184204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: With the widespread legalization of cannabis and use among all age groups, location and source of cannabis remains to be researched, especially among minority populations. Methods: We pooled data from the 2018-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and investigated differences by sexual minority status of where individuals obtained cannabis. Results: Results found that gay/lesbian and bisexual individuals who reported use were more likely to get marijuana from buying it, trading it for something else and getting it for free or sharing someone else's, compared to heterosexual individuals. Furthermore, more than one in five lesbian/gay individuals reported obtaining marijuana from someone they just met while nearly 25% of bisexual women reported obtaining marijuana from a friend. Conclusions: Findings from the present study may inform harm reduction and policy initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Andrew Yockey
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | | | - Shanna Stryker
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nolan Kline
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Hardie I, Sasso A, Holmes J, Meier PS. Understanding changes in the locations of drinking occasions in Great Britain: An age-period-cohort analysis of repeat cross-sectional market research data, 2001-2019. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:105-118. [PMID: 36222548 PMCID: PMC10092301 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 21st century has seen wide-ranging changes in drinking locations in Great Britain, with on-trade alcohol sales decreasing and off-trade sales increasing. To better understand the underlying time-trends in consumer behaviour, we examine age-period-cohort (APC) effects related to changes in the share of individuals' drinking occasions taking place in: (i) on-trade versus off-trade locations; and (ii) specific on-trade or off-trade locations, that is traditional/community pubs, modern pubs/bars/café bars, nightclubs/late-night venues, restaurants/pub restaurants, social/working men's clubs, golf/other sports clubs/venues, at home (social setting) and at home (non-social setting). METHODS Repeat cross-sectional 1-week drinking diary data, collected 2001-2019. APC analysis via negative binomial regression models for each gender (N = 162,296 men, 138,452 women). RESULTS A smaller/declining proportion of occasions took place in on-trade compared to off-trade locations. Recent cohorts tended to have a larger share of on-trade occasions than previous cohorts, driven by their larger share of occasions in modern pubs/bars/café bars and nightclubs/late-night venues. Meanwhile, occasions in social/working men's clubs, golf/other sports clubs/venues and traditional/community pubs tended to be popular among older men, but have declined. Finally, the growth of off-trade drinking appears to be driven by a growth of off-trade drinking in non-social settings, in particular by older people/cohorts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the declining prominence of certain on-trade locations, and increasing prominence of home drinking in non-social settings, within British drinking practices. While rising non-social home drinking is concerning, it is positive from a public health perspective that it does not appear to be shared by recent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hardie
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alessandro Sasso
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Petra S Meier
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
Because of substantial limitations in available national data, such as inconsistencies among surveys and small sample sizes, the increased prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents since recreational legalization has not been directly observed. Nevertheless, both usage frequency and product potency have significantly increased, alongside alternative routes of delivery to smoking, such as vaping cannabis. Moreover, certain populations may be especially vulnerable to the effects of legalization. Regardless of differing state-level cannabis legalization status, the adverse consequences of cannabis on youth have clear negative impacts on mental health, medical symptoms, educational outcomes, and increased risk of addiction to other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Ladegard
- Denver Health, University of Colorado, 601 Broadway 7th Floor, MC7779, Denver, CO 80203, USA.
| | - Devika Bhatia
- University of Colorado, 13007 East 19th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Okey SA, Waddell JT, Corbin WR. I Smoke Alone: Indirect Effects of Solitary Cannabis Use on Negative Consequences Through Coping Motives. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:721-730. [PMID: 36136443 PMCID: PMC10768480 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.21-00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using cannabis in solitary contexts is associated with greater cannabis use problems than using cannabis in social contexts. However, it remains unclear why solitary use predicts greater problems. Consistent with a social learning perspective, the current study examined whether cannabis use motives mediated the association between context of cannabis use and negative consequences. We also examined whether cannabis type (concentrates vs. flower) moderated the relation between context of use and motives. METHOD Recreational college cannabis users (n = 387) reported their frequency of using cannabis alone or with others, motives for cannabis use, negative cannabis consequences, and type of cannabis typically used. RESULTS Solitary cannabis use was associated with greater global negative consequences through coping motives (β = 0.26, SE = 0.10, 95% CI [0.10, 0.43]). Cannabis type did not moderate relations between context and motives, despite concentrate users reporting more frequent cannabis use, more frequent solitary use, and greater consequences than flower users. CONCLUSIONS Frequent cannabis use in solitary contexts was associated with greater negative cannabis consequences, both directly and indirectly via coping motives. Efforts to reduce frequent use of cannabis in solitary contexts, particularly for the purpose of coping, may be beneficial in reducing negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Okey
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Jack T. Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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16
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Cannabis Use and Increased Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Past Decade. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:e580-e589. [PMID: 34325028 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is often due to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, but some patients present with no identifiable source. Increased incidence of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (naSAH) has been reported over time. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of naSAH from 2008-2017 to determine the rate of naSAH change over time and its association with cannabis use. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to study the trend over time, radiographic patterns of hemorrhage, and clinical outcome at the time of discharge. In addition, we compared the rate of naSAH with the rate of aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) to adjust for changes in hospital volume and prevalence/reporting of cannabis use in the population over time. RESULTS A total of 86 naSAH and 328 aSAH patients were identified, with an increase in naSAH over time compared with aSAH (P = 0.0034). Increased cannabis use was associated with naSAH (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 4.1, P = 0.035) but not aSAH over time. Cannabis use was also associated with different subarachnoid hemorrhage patterns (P = 0.0065) in naSAH. Multivariable analysis demonstrated good neurologic outcome after naSAH to be inversely associated with cocaine use (OR 0.008 [0.002-0.4]), ventriculostomy placement (OR 0.004 [0.03-0.50]), and anticoagulant use (OR 0.016 [0.003-0.54]) but not with cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS As cannabis use becomes more prevalent with legalization, it is important to further investigate this association with spontaneous SAH.
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17
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Cousins MM, Jannausch ML, Coughlin LN, Jagsi R, Ilgen MA. Prevalence of cannabis use among individuals with a history of cancer in the United States. Cancer 2021; 127:3437-3444. [PMID: 34081772 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer have played a key role in advocating for legal access to cannabis, but little is known about links between cancer and cannabis use or cannabis-related beliefs. The authors used data from a national survey to study these relationships. METHODS Nationally representative data collected by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2019 were acquired. Patterns of cannabis use and cancer history were examined and tested within age group subpopulations via domain analysis using survey weights. RESULTS Data for 214,505 adults, including 4741 individuals (3.8%) with past (>1 year ago) cancer diagnosis and 1518 individuals (1.2%) with recent (≤1 year ago) cancer diagnosis, were examined. Cannabis use was less common in those with past (8.9%; 95% CI, 8.0%-9.8%) or recent (9.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%-11.1%) cancer diagnosis than in those without a history of cancer (15.9%; 95% CI, 15.7%-16.1%). However, when analyses were stratified by age group, those 18 to 34 years of age were more likely to report past cannabis use, and those 35 to 49 years of age were more likely to report past or recent cannabis use if they had a history of cancer. Younger patients felt that cannabis was more accessible and less risky if they had a history of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer were less likely to report cannabis use, but there were different cannabis perceptions and use patterns by age. Age should be considered in studies of cannabis and cancer, and policy initiatives may be needed to aid provision of quality information on cannabis risk to those with cancer. LAY SUMMARY Cannabis (marijuana) use is increasing in the United States, but we do not have much information on the relationship between cannabis use and cancer. We studied information from a representative group of people and found that younger patients generally reported more past and/or recent cannabis use if they had been diagnosed with cancer whereas older individuals did not. Beliefs about cannabis risk and accessibility differed by age. Clinical trials to study cannabis should account for patient age, and accurate information about cannabis should be provided to help patients with cancer make decisions about cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Cousins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary L Jannausch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lara N Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark A Ilgen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Kaur N, Keyes KM, Hamilton AD, Chapman C, Livingston M, Slade T, Swift W. Trends in cannabis use and attitudes toward legalization and use among Australians from 2001-2016: an age-period-cohort analysis. Addiction 2021; 116:1152-1161. [PMID: 32949418 PMCID: PMC7972999 DOI: 10.1111/add.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes in cannabis legalization and availability in Australia necessitate monitoring use and attitudes. We estimated age-period-cohort effects of past-year cannabis use and attitudes toward criminalization and legalization. DESIGN Analysis of six waves of the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) every 3 years (2001-2016). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study was nationally representative of Australian households using multistage random sampling, totaling 145 168 respondents 18-79 years old. Data were collected using telephone, face-to-face, and drop-and-collect. Sample sizes per analysis varied based on data availability (~107 000-127 000 per model). MEASUREMENTS Six waves of data for past-year cannabis use (by sex and education), attitudes toward criminalization and legalization. FINDINGS Past-year cannabis use decreased in young adults ages 18-35 from 2001-2016 (25.1%-18.6%) and increased in middle adults ages 36-55 (8.6%-10.1%) and older adults ages 56-79 (0.6%-3.0%). We observed a positive period effect and negative cohort effect for recent cohorts for past-year use (e.g. 1955 cohort had 1.41 (95% CI: [1.11, 1.70]) increased log odds vs. 1998 cohort had -2.86 (95% CI: [-3.17, -2.55]) increased log odds) compared with the mean across years. Results were consistent by sex and varied by education. We observed a negative period effect for criminalization favorability (0.14 (95% CI: [0.003, 0.28]) increased log odds in 2001 vs. -0.31 (95% CI: [-0.45, -0.17]) increased log odds in 2016) and positive cohort effect for recent cohorts. Last, we observed a positive period effect for legalization support (-0.03 (95% CI: [-0.20, 0.14]) increased log odds in 2001 vs. 0.38 (95% CI: [0.22, 0.55]) increased log odds in 2016) and negative cohort effect for recent cohorts. CONCLUSION Cannabis use appears to be increasing in Australia among adults over 35, while decreasing among adolescents and young adults. Legalization support also appears to have been increasing since 2007, signaling discordance between use and attitudes among adolescents and young adults, and potentially predicting increases in use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdep Kaur
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ava D. Hamilton
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cath Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy Swift
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Marijuana Use, Sexual Behaviors, and Prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sexually Experienced Males and Females in the United States: Findings From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 47:672-678. [PMID: 32936602 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several national guidelines consider illicit drug use as an indication for testing and/or counseling for some sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The legal and social landscape of marijuana use is changing, and its relevance with STI risk is unclear. METHODS Sex-specific prevalence of T. vaginalis and/or C. trachomatis infection was examined by past-year marijuana use (no vs yes) among 2958 sexually experienced, 20- to 39-year-old participants of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] were estimated by Poisson regression. Adjusted PRs (aPR) were estimated following propensity score covariate-adjustment accounting for sociodemographics, alcohol use, injection drug use, depression, and age at sexual debut. RESULTS Past-year marijuana use was reported by 27.3% and 36.3% of females and males, respectively. Male and female past-year marijuana users were more likely to have new and multiple sexual partners in the past year (P < 0.05). Past-year marijuana use was associated with prevalent C. trachomatis and/or T. vaginalis infection among females (7.4% vs. 2.9%; PR, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.62-4.07]) and males (4.0% vs. 1.1%; PR, 3.59 [95% CI, 1.96-6.58]), but this association was attenuated after propensity score covariate adjustment among females (aPR, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.72-1.83]) and males (aPR, 2.10 [95% CI, 0.88-5.02]). Additional adjustment for new or multiple sexual partners further attenuated the associations (aPRs, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.65-1.51] and 1.91 [95% CI, 0.82-4.47] for females and males, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sexually transmitted infection prevalence was higher among persons with a past-year history of marijuana use; however, this association was not significant after accounting for measured confounders. Additional work is needed to characterize STI prevalence by the mode, duration, and frequency of marijuana use.
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20
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Cousins MM, Jannausch M, Jagsi R, Ilgen M. Differences between cancer patients and others who use medicinal Cannabis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248227. [PMID: 33725004 PMCID: PMC7963092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients have been at the forefront of policy discussions leading to legalization of medical Cannabis (marijuana). Unfortunately, Cannabis use among those with cancer is poorly understood. METHODS A diverse group of patients seeking certification for medical Cannabis in the state of Michigan were surveyed at the time of their presentation to medical dispensaries. The survey assessed demographics, employment/disability, pain, physical functioning, mental health, mode of Cannabis use, and frequency/amount of Cannabis use. Chi-square and t-tests were performed to compare those who did and did not endorse cancer diagnosis. RESULTS Analysis of data from 1485 adults pursuing medical Cannabis certification, including 72 (4.8%) reporting a cancer diagnosis, indicated that those with cancer were older [mean age 53.4 years (SD = 10.5) vs. 44.7 years (SD = 13.0); p<0.001] than those without cancer. They also differed regarding employment status (p<0.001; working: 20.8% vs. 46.2%; disabled: 44.4% vs. 26.5% for those with vs. those without cancer, respectively). Those with cancer used less Cannabis (p = 0.033 for quantity used) and used Cannabis less often (p = 0.032 for frequency of use); they less frequently endorsed smoking Cannabis (80% vs 91%; p = 0.015). There was a non-significant trend to increased edible use in those with cancer (57% vs. 44%; p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer who are seeking medical Cannabis are different from those seeking medical Cannabis without cancer, and they report using Cannabis differently. Further research to characterize the patterns and consequences of Cannabis use in cancer patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Cousins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mary Jannausch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mark Ilgen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research (CCMR), Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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21
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Ueno LF, Mian MN, Altman BR, Giandelone E, Luce M, Earleywine M. Age-Related Differences in Cannabis Product Use. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 53:312-318. [PMID: 33432879 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2020.1870778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use varies with age and gender, but less is known regarding specific product choices. Previous work suggests that older adults are inclined to stick to the more "classic" and familiar, while "novel" products are more likely to appeal to younger populations. We examined cross-sectional, retrospective data to determine whether the type of cannabis products used varied according to participant age (N = 1406, 71.3% female). The extensive list of products included: loose flower, pre-rolled joints, edibles, concentrates, oil vaporizers (vape pens), dry vaporizers, tinctures, topicals, and ingestible oils. Overall, rates of use for cannabis-infused ingestible oils, topicals, and tinctures are the lowest and show no age or gender-related differences. In contrast, the use of pre-rolled joints, vape pens, and edibles tends to decrease with age. Loose flower and dry vaporizer use also decrease with age, although less consistently. These age-related differences in product choices can facilitate prevention and treatment efforts toward specific populations. While harm-reduction efforts targeting loose flower and edible products would benefit all age groups, those targeting concentrates might focus only on younger users. On the other hand, learning about concentrates might be beneficial for older medical users due to their larger THC doses and rapid onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna F Ueno
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Maha N Mian
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Brianna R Altman
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Mike Luce
- High Yield Insights, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mitch Earleywine
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Castillo-Carniglia A, Rivera-Aguirre A, Calvo E, Queirolo R, Keyes KM, Cerdá M. Trends in marijuana use in two Latin American countries: an age, period and cohort study. Addiction 2020; 115:2089-2097. [PMID: 32196789 PMCID: PMC7502472 DOI: 10.1111/add.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uruguay and Chile have the highest levels of marijuana use in Latin America, and have experienced consistent increases during the last two decades. We aim to calculate separate age-period-cohort (APC) effects for past-year marijuana use in Uruguay and Chile, which have similar epidemiologica, and demographic profiles but diverging paths in cannabis regulation. DESIGN APC study in which period and cohort effects were estimated as first derivative deviations from their linear age trend, separately by country and gender. SETTING Uruguay and Chile. PARTICIPANTS General population between 15 and 64 years. MEASUREMENTS Past-year marijuana use from household surveys with five repeated cross-sections between 2001 and 2018 in Uruguay (median n = 4616) and 13 between 1994 and 2018 in Chile (median n = 15 895). FINDINGS Marijuana use prevalence in both countries peaked at 20-24 years of age and increased consistently across calendar years. Period effects were strong and positive, indicating that increases in use were evident across age groups. Relative to 2006 (reference year), Chilean period effects were approximately 48% lower in 1994 and approximately four times higher in 2018; in Uruguay, these effects were approximately 56% lower in 2001 and almost quadrupled in 2018. We observed non-linear cohort effects in Chile and similar patterns in Uruguay for the overall sample and women. In both countries, marijuana use increased for cohorts born between the mid-1970s and early 1990s, even in the context of rising period effects. Prevalence was consistently larger for men, but period increases were stronger in women. CONCLUSIONS Age-period-cohort effects on past-year marijuana use appear to have been similar in Chile and Uruguay, decreasing with age and increasing over time at heterogeneous growth rates depending on gender and cohort. Current levels of marijuana use, including age and gender disparities, seem to be associated with recent common historical events in these two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia
- Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY, United States,Correspondence to: Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia, Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Chile. Badajoz 130, room 1306, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. Phone: +56.2.2518.9826.
| | - Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY, United States
| | - Esteban Calvo
- Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. New York, NY, United States,Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosario Queirolo
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Universidad Católica Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. New York, NY, United States
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. New York, NY, United States
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23
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Macari DM, Gbadamosi B, Jaiyesimi I, Gaikazian S. Medical Cannabis in Cancer Patients: A Survey of a Community Hematology Oncology Population. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 43:636-639. [PMID: 32889833 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer patients are using medical cannabis (MC) to address symptoms; however, little data exist to guide clinicians when counseling patients. We seek to define the patterns of MC use among cancer patients, as well as efficacy and safety of MC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cancer patients attending oncology office visits at Beaumont Hospital, Michigan from July to December 2018 were anonymously surveyed. The survey included data regarding demographics, diagnosis, treatment, symptom burden, and MC use. Patients who reported MC use since their cancer diagnosis completed a section on patterns of use, efficacy, and safety. RESULTS The response rate was 188 of 327 (57.5%). MC use was reported by 46 of 188 (24.5%). A median composite baseline symptom score ranging from 8 (best) to 32 (worst) was higher in patients using MC versus nonusers; 17.5 versus 14.4 (P<0.001). Pain was the symptom with the highest frequency of improvement 34/42 (81%), followed by appetite 34/44 (77.3%), and anxiety 32/44 (73%). MC improved the ability to tolerate treatment in 24/44 (54.5%). Cloudy thinking is the symptom that worsened the most 7/42 (16.7%), with decreased energy being experienced by 4/41 (9.8%) of the users. CONCLUSIONS MC was utilized by a significant portion of cancer patients in this sample, across age, diagnosis, stage, and treatment. Patients with a higher severity of baseline symptoms were more likely to use MC and report a favorable efficacy profile of MC. Minimal toxicity was reported in this cohort. Prospective studies are needed to define the efficacy and safety of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Macari
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI
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Lowry DE, Corsi DJ. Trends and correlates of cannabis use in Canada: a repeated cross-sectional analysis of national surveys from 2004 to 2017. CMAJ Open 2020; 8:E487-E495. [PMID: 32737023 PMCID: PMC7428071 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20190229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most widely used drug in Canada. We examined the trends in past-year cannabis consumption by sociodemographic and geographic characteristics. METHODS We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey, the Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey and the Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey from 2004 to 2017. Respondents were aged 15 years and older. Past-year cannabis use was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and segmented logistic regression. RESULTS We analyzed 289 823 respondents (51% female) between 2004 and 2017. Between 2004 and 2017, the overall prevalence of cannabis use increased from 12.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.0%-13.5%) to 18.7% (95% CI 16.2%-21.5%) among men and from 6.6% (95% CI 5.9%-7.4%) to 11.1% (95% CI 9.4%-13.0%) among women. The crude rate of change was greater between 2011 and 2017 than that between 2004 and 2011 in men (odds ratio [OR] per annual change: 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.11) and women (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07-1.15). After adjustment for age, education, tobacco smoking and province, the 2011-2017 trend was stronger in men (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.46), but not in women (adjusted OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93-1.37). Cannabis use was associated with tobacco smoking (OR 4.94, 95% CI 4.65-5.25). Heterogeneity was found in cannabis use trends by age, education and province. Cannabis use decreased among respondents aged 15-19 years and increased in other age groups. INTERPRETATION Cannabis consumption in Canada has increased and varies by sex, age, level of education and geography. Increases vary by sociodemographic factors and may be faster among certain groups. Further studies are warranted post-legalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Lowry
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Lowry, Corsi), University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine (Corsi), School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Daniel J Corsi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Lowry, Corsi), University of Ottawa; Faculty of Medicine (Corsi), School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
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Geissler KH, Kaizer K, Johnson JK, Doonan SM, Whitehill JM. Evaluation of Availability of Survey Data About Cannabis Use. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e206039. [PMID: 32520358 PMCID: PMC7287570 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In response to increasing public support for cannabis legalization, understanding associations of state and federal policy changes related to cannabis legalization with patterns of cannabis use is important. A challenge for public health monitoring and research is significant variation in data availability related to cannabis use behaviors and perceptions across and within states and over time, including the availability of prelegalization vs postlegalization data. OBJECTIVE To review data available on cannabis use and related behaviors over time in Massachusetts and the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case series examined state and national surveys on public health and related behaviors and outcomes to review availability of cannabis-related data for Massachusetts for 8 key indicators over time. Additionally, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System for all states were reviewed. The analysis was conducted between February 1, 2019, and March 18, 2020. EXPOSURES Surveys that enable state-level estimation of cannabis use and related behaviors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Eight key indicators related to cannabis use behaviors and perceptions: lifetime cannabis use, age of initiation, frequency of use, location of use, method of use, source of cannabis, perceptions of cannabis, and reason for use (ie, medical vs nonmedical). RESULTS There were 7 surveys that monitored cannabis use and related behaviors in Massachusetts for adolescents and adults. No surveys monitored all 8 indicators of interest, and availability over time was limited. In the most recent BRFSS, 24 states asked cannabis-related questions, meaning BRFSS data on cannabis use was lacking for more than half of the US adult population. In the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 36 states asked standard cannabis questions; most other states had at least 1 question related to cannabis use and frequency. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings of limitations of existing surveys, and particularly the lack of national questions in the BRFSS and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, suggest that available data have substantial limitations for monitoring cannabis use. As cannabis policy changes continue, there is a need to remain focused on the availability of high-quality data sources that allow for critical public health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley H. Geissler
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst
| | - Kia Kaizer
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst
| | | | | | - Jennifer M. Whitehill
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst
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Flanagan JC, Leone RM, Gilmore AK, McClure EA, Gray KM. Association of Cannabis Use With Intimate Partner Violence Among Couples With Substance Misuse. Am J Addict 2020; 29:323-330. [PMID: 32219903 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is a well-established causal link between substance use and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization. However, little is known about the complex emerging relationship between cannabis use and IPV. Because cannabis is the most commonly used drug in the United States and is associated with numerous IPV risk factors such as alcohol use, it is important to examine this relationship in greater detail. METHOD The current exploratory study examined the association between (a) self-reported cannabis use during the past 90 days and (b) Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) urine drug screens and IPV perpetration and victimization in a sample of 30 alcohol or drug-misusing community couples (N = 60 individual participants). RESULTS The majority of participants (n = 50 individuals, 83.3%) had concordant cannabis self-reported and urine drug screen results. After accounting for demographic variables and quantity and frequency of alcohol and stimulant use, greater quantity and frequency of cannabis use as well as positive THC urine drug screen results were associated with greater physical IPV victimization, and greater quantity and frequency of cannabis were associated with greater IPV psychological victimization and perpetration, and physical IPV victimization. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Findings emphasize the unique and important role that cannabis plays in the occurrence of IPV among intact couples. Findings also underscore the feasibility and utility of integrating confirmatory biological samples into future studies on this topic in order to advance the science in this area. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ruschelle M Leone
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amanda K Gilmore
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Ford JA, Pomykacz C, Ortiz K, McCabe SE, Schepis TS. Educational attainment and prescription drug misuse: The importance of push and pull factors for dropping out. JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2020; 66:101636. [PMID: 32863457 PMCID: PMC7449532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young adults who do not complete high school are at increased risk for substance use and offending behavior. A limitation of this research is that dropouts are often treated as a homogeneous group, which ignores the various push (e.g., academic failure or disciplinary problems) and pull (e.g., family responsibility or economic need) factors for leaving school. METHODS The current study relies on multiple years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2009-2014) and examines several dependent variables, including prevalence of prescription drug misuse, frequent prescription drug misuse, and prescription drug-related substance use disorder symptoms. We assess the importance of push and pull factors for dropping out, and compare dropouts to respondents who completed school. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analyses produce two important findings. First, push factors increase the risk of various types of prescription drug misuse compared to pull factors. Additionally, respondents who attend college are at a decreased risk for various types of prescription opioid and sedative/tranquilizer misuse and disorder. DISCUSSION The current research identifies important differences in prescription drug misuse and disorders among dropouts based on the reason they left school. Additionally, college attendance appears to be a strong protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Ford
- Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida
| | | | - Kasim Ortiz
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of New Mesico
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan
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Zeiger JS, Silvers WS, Fleegler EM, Zeiger RS. Age related differences in cannabis use and subjective effects in a large population-based survey of adult athletes. J Cannabis Res 2019; 1:7. [PMID: 33526101 PMCID: PMC7819305 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-019-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of information regarding cannabis use behaviors in adult community-based athletes as most research in athletes has focused on misuse of cannabis in elite, adolescent, university-based athletes. We aimed to determine whether age related differences exist in patterns of cannabis use and subjective effects to cannabis in adult athletes. METHODS The Athlete PEACE Survey used mainly social media and email blasts to recruit and SurveyGizmo to collect data. Cannabis patterns of use (duration of use, frequency of use, routes of administration, cannabinoid used, concurrent use with exercise), benefits, and adverse effects were reported. Age was reported by decade from 21 to ≥60. Age trends in cannabis use patterns and subjective effects were assessed using linear trend analysis. RESULTS Of the 1161 participants, 301 (26%) athletes currently used cannabis. Younger athletes compared to older athletes reported significantly more positive and adverse subjective effects to cannabis, used cannabis longer, and used both tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol for medical and recreational purposes. Younger athletes used cannabis concurrently with exercise more often than older athletes and consumed edibles, vaporized, and smoked more than older athletes. CONCLUSIONS We found age-related cannabis patterns of use and subjective effects to cannabis. Concerns about cannabis mis-use and abuse in athletes maybe overstated with the potential benefits (improved sleep, decreased anxiety, less pain) outweighing the adverse effects (increased anxiety, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Zeiger
- Canna Research Group, 3996 Savannah Ct., Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
| | - William S Silvers
- Canna Research Group, 3996 Savannah Ct., Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Room 10C03, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Edward M Fleegler
- Canna Research Group, 3996 Savannah Ct., Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
- To-Life in Peace, LLC, 3812 Taft Court, Wheat Ridge, Colorado, 80033, USA
| | - Robert S Zeiger
- Canna Research Group, 3996 Savannah Ct., Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 7060 Clairemont Mesa Blvd, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
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McConachie SM, Caputo RA, Wilhelm SM, Kale-Pradhan PB. Efficacy of Capsaicin for the Treatment of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Ann Pharmacother 2019; 53:1145-1152. [DOI: 10.1177/1060028019852601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by cyclic vomiting, abdominal pain, and alleviation of symptoms via hot showers in chronic cannabinoid users. Capsaicin is recommended as a reasonable first-line treatment approach for CHS despite limited clinical evidence regarding its use. The objective of this study is to systematically review the efficacy data for capsaicin in CHS. Data Sources: A literature search using keywords related to cannabinoids, emesis, and capsaicin was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE from inception through March 31, 2019. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies and published abstracts in which capsaicin was used for CHS and clinical outcomes were reported were eligible for inclusion. Data Synthesis: A total of 241 articles were screened, of which 5 full-text articles and 6 conference abstracts were included. Full-text case reports (n = 3) and case series (n = 2) found capsaicin to be effective in a total of 18 patients. Published abstracts were in the form of case reports (n = 1), case series (n = 3), and retrospective cohort studies (n = 2). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Capsaicin use was described as beneficial in all case series and case reports; however, both retrospective cohort studies were unable to find a significant benefit for capsaicin on primary outcomes (emergency department length of stay). Conclusion: Current data for capsaicin efficacy in CHS is of low methodological quality. However, the limited data on alternative antiemetic therapies and capsaicin’s favorable risk-benefit profile make it a reasonable adjunctive treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. McConachie
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Beaumont Hospital, Dearborn, MI, USA
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