1
|
Price O, Swanton R, Grebely J, Hajarizadeh B, Webb P, Peacock A, Dore GJ, Cowie BC, Vickerman P, Degenhardt L. Vaccination coverage among people who inject drugs: A systematic review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 127:104382. [PMID: 38503233 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who inject drugs may be at excess risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases and negative associated health outcomes, but experience barriers to vaccination. We aimed to determine vaccination coverage among people who inject drugs globally. METHODOLOGY We conducted systematic searches of the peer-reviewed and grey literature, date limited from January 2008 to August 2023, focusing on diseases for which people who inject drugs are at elevated risk for and for which an adult vaccination dose is recommended (COVID-19, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, influenza, pneumococcal disease, tetanus). To summarise available data, we conducted a narrative synthesis. RESULTS We included 78 studies/reports comprising 117 estimates of vaccination coverage across 36 countries. Most estimates were obtained from high income countries (80%, n=94). We located estimates for hepatitis B vaccination in 33 countries, which included 18 countries with data on serological evidence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B immunity (range: 6-53%) and 22 countries with self-report data for vaccine uptake (<1-96%). Data for other vaccines were scarcer: reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage ranged 3-89% (five countries), COVID-19 ranged 4-84% (five countries), while we located estimates from fewer than five countries for influenza, tetanus, pneumococcal disease, and human papillomavirus. CONCLUSION Estimates were sparse but where available indicative of suboptimal vaccination coverage among people who inject drugs. Improving the consistency, timeliness, and geographic coverage of vaccine uptake data among this population is essential to inform efforts to increase uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Price
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rosie Swanton
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Paige Webb
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin C Cowie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Vickerman
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tamargo JA, Martin HR, Diaz-Martinez J, Delgado-Enciso I, Johnson A, Bastida Rodriguez JA, Trepka MJ, Brown DR, Garba NA, Roldan EO, Hernandez Suarez Y, Marty AM, Bursac Z, Campa A, Baum MK. Drug use and COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and infection among underserved, minority communities in Miami, Florida. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297327. [PMID: 38687734 PMCID: PMC11060546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted people who use drugs (PWUD). This study explored relationships between drug use, COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and infection. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Miami, Florida between March 2021 and October 2022 as part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) initiative and the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. Users of cannabis, cocaine/crack, heroin/fentanyl, methamphetamines, hallucinogens, and/or prescription drug misuse in the previous 12 months were considered PWUD. Sociodemographic data, COVID-19 testing history, and vaccination-related beliefs were self-reported. Vaccinations were confirmed with medical records and positivity was determined with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression. Of 1,780 participants, median age was 57 years, 50.7% were male, 50.2% Non-Hispanic Black, and 66.0% reported an annual income less than $15,000. Nearly 28.0% used drugs. PWUD were less likely than non-users to self-report ever testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (14.7% vs. 21.0%, p = 0.006). However, 2.6% of participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with no significant differences between PWUD and non-users (3.7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.076). PWUD were more likely than non-users to experience difficulties accessing testing (10.2% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.033), vaccine hesitancy (58.9% vs. 43.4%, p = 0.002) and had lower odds of receiving any dose of a COVID-19 vaccine compared to non-users (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49-0.81; p<0.001). PWUD presented with greater difficulties accessing COVID-19 testing, greater vaccine hesitancy, and lower odds of vaccination. Testing and immunization plans that are tailored to the needs of PWUD and consider access, trust-building campaigns, and education may be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Tamargo
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Haley R. Martin
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Janet Diaz-Martinez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colima, Las Víboras, Colima, Mexico
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, La Esperanza, Colima, Mexico
| | - Angelique Johnson
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Bastida Rodriguez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - David R. Brown
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nana A. Garba
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eneida O. Roldan
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yolangel Hernandez Suarez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aileen M. Marty
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Adriana Campa
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marianna K. Baum
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Price O, Dietze P, Maher L, Dore GJ, Sutherland R, Salom C, Bruno R, Crawford S, Degenhardt L, Larney S, Peacock A. High COVID-19 vaccine uptake following initial hesitancy among people in Australia who inject drugs. Vaccine 2024; 42:2877-2885. [PMID: 38519346 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among people who inject drugs. We aimed to examine COVID-19 vaccine coverage, motivations and barriers to vaccination, and factors associated with uptake among this population in Australia, 1.5 years after vaccine rollout commenced. METHODS In June-July 2022, 868 people (66.0 % male, mean age 45.6 years) who regularly inject drugs and reside in an Australian capital city reported the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses they had received and their primary motivation (if vaccinated) or barrier (if unvaccinated) to receive the vaccine. We compared vaccine uptake to Australian population estimates and used logistic regression to identify factors associated with ≥ 2 dose and ≥ 3 dose uptake. RESULTS Overall, 84.1 % (n = 730) had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, 79.6 % (n = 691) had received ≥ 2 doses, and 46.1 % (n = 400) had received ≥ 3 doses. Participants were less likely to be vaccinated than the Australian general population (prevalence ratio: 0.82, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-0.88). Key motivations to receive the vaccine were to protect oneself or others from COVID-19, while barriers pertained to vaccine or government distrust. Opioid agonist treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.49, 95 % CI: 1.44-4.42), current seasonal influenza vaccine uptake (aOR: 6.76, 95 % CI: 3.18-16.75), and stable housing (aOR: 1.58, 95 % CI: 1.02-2.80) were associated with receipt of at least two vaccine doses. Participants aged ≥ 40 years (versus < 40 years; aOR: 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.10-2.53) or who reported a chronic health condition (aOR: 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.18-2.47) had higher odds of receiving at least three vaccine doses. CONCLUSION We observed higher COVID-19 vaccine uptake than expected given previous studies of vaccine acceptability among people who inject drugs. However, it was lower than the general population. People who inject drugs and reside in unstable housing are a subpopulation that require support to increase vaccine uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Price
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Paul Dietze
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Maher
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Sutherland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Larney
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zovich B, Freeland C, Moore H, Sapp K, Qureshi A, Holbert R, Zambrano J, Bhangoo D, Cohen C, Hass RW, Jessop A. Dismantling Barriers to Hepatitis B and Delta Screening, Prevention, and Linkage to Care among the PWUD Community in Philadelphia. Viruses 2024; 16:628. [PMID: 38675969 PMCID: PMC11054430 DOI: 10.3390/v16040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis B and delta viruses (HBV/HDV) among people who use drugs (PWUD) remains largely unknown. In the context of one Philadelphia-based harm reduction organization (HRO), this study aimed to assess HBV/HDV prevalence and facilitate linkage to care. Participants completed a demographic HBV/HDV risk factor survey and were screened for HBV and reflexively for HDV if positive for HBV surface antigen or isolated core antibody. Fisher's exact tests and regression were used to understand relationships between risks and HBV blood markers. Of the 498 participants, 126 (25.3%) did not have hepatitis B immunity, 52.6% had been vaccinated against HBV, and 17.9% had recovered from a past infection. Eleven (2.2%) participants tested positive for isolated HBV core antibody, 10 (2.0%) for HBV surface antigen, and one (0.2%) for HDV antibody. History of incarceration was associated with current HBV infection, while transactional sex and experience of homelessness were predictive of previous exposure. This study found high rates of current and past HBV infection, and a 10% HBV/HDV co-infection rate. Despite availability of vaccine, one quarter of participants remained vulnerable to infection. Findings demonstrate the need to improve low-threshold HBV/HDV screening, vaccination, and linkage to care among PWUD. The study also identified gaps in the HBV/HDV care cascade, including lack of point-of-care diagnostics and lack of support for HROs to provide HBV services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Moore
- Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Kara Sapp
- Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | | | - Rachel Holbert
- HepTREC at Prevention Point Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| | | | - Daljinder Bhangoo
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chari Cohen
- Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Richard W. Hass
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Amy Jessop
- HepTREC at Prevention Point Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karimi SE, Amadi S, Rampisheh Z, Tayefi B, Soleimanvandiazar N, Higgs P, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Hajebi A, Nojomi M, Karimijavan G. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people who use substances: a case study in Tehran. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2024; 19:15. [PMID: 38409120 PMCID: PMC10895917 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to manage infectious disease epidemics such as Covid-19. However, the low rates of vaccination in populations at risk including people using illicit substances, hinders the effectiveness of preventive vaccines in reducing transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of Covid-19 vaccination and its related factors among people who use substances in Tehran, Iran. METHODS Between July and December 2022, 386 people who use substances aged ≥ 18 years old were recruited by convenience street-based sampling in Tehran. The outcome variable in this study was self-reported completion of at least two doses of the Covid-19 vaccine. Logistic regression was used to investigate the factors related to Covid-19 vaccination. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 at the 0.05 level of significance. As a measure of risk, 95% Confidence interval (CI) was used. The level of significance was considered at 0.05. RESULTS Almost three-quarters (n = 286) of the participants reported receiving at least two doses of the Covid-19 vaccine (95% CI, 70.2-79.3). Those participants with high school diplomas were 1.17 times more likely than less educated participants to report having had 2 vaccinations (OR of 1.17, CI 95%: 1.03-1.81). Participants with a higher mean score of having a positive attitude towards Covid-19 vaccination were more likely to have received a vaccination (OR of 1.12, CI 95%: 1.08-1.17). Ethnicity was also an influential variable, people with non-Fars ethnicity were less likely to be vaccinated than those of Fars ethnicity (OR of 0.33, CI 95%: 0.13-0.81). People with higher-than-average monthly income were more likely to report vaccination than those with low monthly incomes (OR of 1.27, CI 95%: 1.09-1.8). Also, participants reporting less access to vaccination centers had a lower chance of reporting having been vaccinated than those who reported high access to vaccination centers (OR of .17, CI 95%: .08-.36). CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 vaccine uptake was found to be relatively high among people using illicit substances in this study. Higher levels of education, Fars ethnicity, higher income levels, having a positive attitude towards vaccination and access to vaccination centers were the most important predictors of Covid-19 vaccination in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salah Eddin Karimi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Amadi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Rampisheh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Tayefi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimanvandiazar
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 14665-354, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nojomi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Gelavizh Karimijavan
- Department of Speech Therapy, Rehabilitation Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Specka M, Kröckert T, Trilling M, Bonnet U, Schifano F, Scherbaum N. Opiate maintenance patients' attitudes and self-reported adherence to protective measures against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1254053. [PMID: 37779618 PMCID: PMC10539610 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1254053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic we assessed to which extent patients in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) adhere to official recommendations regarding preventive intervention strategies against COVID-19. Methods Patients enrolled in two OMT clinics in Germany were interviewed applying a standardized questionnaire, which covered socio-demographic information, recent psychotropic substance use, recent social activities, the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, attitudes toward official protection recommendations, and levels of adherence to these suggestions. Current mental and medical diagnoses were retrieved from medical files. In subjects without known infection and without vaccination, blood samples were tested for the identification of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S-antibodies. Interviews were performed between the end of May and the end of September 2021. Results Patients' (n = 155) average age was 47 years; 74% were males. In addition to the opiate dependence, in nearly 80% of cases another medical disorder was recorded. The range of medical factors that predispose for severe COVID-19 outcomes were present in 39% of patients; 18% of the sample refused to be vaccinated. Nearly all patients reported having carried out a range of activities outside their residence during the week prior to the interviews, including visits of treatment facilities (86.5%; 95% confidence interval [80.2%; 91.0%]) or meeting with friends (64.5% [65.7-71.6%]). Despite the fact that only about 47.1% [39.2%; 55%] felt well informed about measures against infection, adherence to COVID-19 countermeasures was generally high: 83.9% [77.3; 88.8%] claimed to have worn face masks always/nearly always; social distancing was performed always/nearly always by 58.7% [50.8%; 66.2%]; and hand hygiene was conducted by 64.5% [56.7%; 71.6%] of participants. None out of n = 25 tests from unvaccinated subjects was positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2-S-antibodies. Psychiatric comorbidity and educational degree were not statistically significantly associated with attitudes and compliance, except that patients with lower education felt relatively worse informed. Conclusion Self-reported adherence to recommended non-therapeutic intervention strategies and vaccination rates were similar to the German general population. Provision of more health-related information tailored to OMT patients appears necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Specka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kröckert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Udo Bonnet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mondera F, Cammalleri V, Forestiero FM, Turatto F, Direnzo GFM, Napoli A, Pirelli F, Razafimpanana N, Rossi E, Baccolini V, Cinti L, Marzuillo C, Barra M, Antonelli G, Badiani A, Villari P. Adherence to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Recommendations among Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rome, Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1434. [PMID: 37766111 PMCID: PMC10538200 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence to vaccination recommendations is a challenge for national immunization programs. We quantified adherence to COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in people with substance use disorders (SUDs) attending an outpatient addiction center in Rome, Italy; we investigated the determinants of adherence, and also analyzed patient risk perception and compliance with preventive measures. A multivariable logistic regression model identified predictors of adherence to vaccination recommendations, with statistical validity tested by estimating adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). From December 2021 to January 2022, 200 SUD patients completed a questionnaire, 80% of whom reported being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (minimum one dose). Negative predictors of vaccine uptake included being non-Italian (aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13-0.97), having coexisting comorbidities (aOR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.95), and previous use of heroin (aOR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08-0.71). No difference was found for cocaine use, demographic characteristics, previous COVID-19 infection, methadone therapy, or compliance with preventive measures. Major reasons for non-adherence to vaccination recommendations were fear of side effects, insufficient recognition of the importance of vaccination, bureaucratic issues, and lack of trust in the authorities. Given their vulnerability, additional efforts are needed to facilitate access to vaccination for people with SUDs, and to limit disinformation around vaccines..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mondera
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (F.M.F.); (F.T.); (V.B.); (C.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (F.M.F.); (F.T.); (V.B.); (C.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Francesca Maria Forestiero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (F.M.F.); (F.T.); (V.B.); (C.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Federica Turatto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (F.M.F.); (F.T.); (V.B.); (C.M.); (P.V.)
| | | | - Anna Napoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (L.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Francesca Pirelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nirinalisera Razafimpanana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Ettore Rossi
- Villa Maraini Foundation, 00151 Rome, Italy; (G.F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (F.M.F.); (F.T.); (V.B.); (C.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Lilia Cinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (L.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (F.M.F.); (F.T.); (V.B.); (C.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Massimo Barra
- Villa Maraini Foundation, 00151 Rome, Italy; (G.F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.N.); (L.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Villa Maraini Foundation, 00151 Rome, Italy; (G.F.M.D.); (E.R.); (M.B.); (A.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (F.M.F.); (F.T.); (V.B.); (C.M.); (P.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Price O, Maher L, Dietze PM, Bruno R, Crawford S, Sutherland R, Salom C, Dore GJ, Peacock A. COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and facilitators among people in Australia who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 36802338 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to describe COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and identify potential facilitators for vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs. METHODS People who inject drugs were recruited from all eight Australian capital cities (N = 884; 65% male, mean age 44 years) and interviewed face-to-face or via telephone in June-July 2021. COVID-19 and broader vaccination attitudes were used to model latent classes. Correlates of class membership were assessed through multinomial logistic regression. Probability of endorsing potential vaccination facilitators were reported by class. RESULTS Three classes of participants were identified: 'vaccine acceptant' (39%), 'vaccine hesitant' (34%) and 'vaccine resistant' (27%). Those in the hesitant and resistant groups were younger, more likely to be unstably housed and less likely to have received the current season influenza vaccine than the acceptant group. In addition, hesitant participants were less likely to report a chronic medical condition than acceptant participants. Compared to vaccine acceptant and hesitant participants, vaccine-resistant participants were more likely to predominantly inject methamphetamine and to inject drugs more frequently in the past month. Both vaccine-hesitant and resistant participants endorsed financial incentives for vaccination and hesitant participants also endorsed facilitators related to vaccine trust. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION People who inject drugs who are unstably housed or predominantly inject methamphetamine are subgroups that require targeted interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Vaccine-hesitant people may benefit from interventions that build trust in vaccine safety and utility. Financial incentives may improve vaccine uptake among both hesitant and resistant people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Price
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Maher
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M Dietze
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Sutherland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Salom
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ingram C, Roe M, Downey V, Phipps L, Perrotta C. Exploring key informants' perceptions of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in a disadvantaged urban community in Ireland: Emergence of a '4Cs' model. Vaccine 2023; 41:519-531. [PMID: 36496286 PMCID: PMC9715488 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore key informants' views on and experiences with Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in a Dublin community with a high concentration of economic and social disadvantage and to identify feasible, community-centred solutions for improving vaccination acceptance and uptake. METHODS Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were carried out at a local community-centre and a central hair salon. Twelve key informants from the target community were selected based on their professional experience with vulnerable population groups: the unemployed, adults in recovery from addiction, the elderly, and Irish Travellers. Inductive thematic framework analysis was conducted to identify emergent themes and sub-themes. RESULTS Drivers of vaccine hesitancy identified by key informants largely fell under the WHO '3Cs' model of hesitancy: lack of confidence in the vaccine and its providers, complacency towards the health risks of Covid-19, and inconvenient access conditions. Covid-19 Communications emerged as a fourth 'C' whereby unclear and negative messages, confusing public health measures, and unmet expectations of the vaccine's effectiveness exacerbated anti-authority sentiments and vaccine scepticism during the pandemic. Community-specific solutions involve the provision of accurate and accessible information, collaborating with community-based organizations to build trust in the vaccine through relationship building and ongoing dialogue, and ensuring acceptable access conditions. CONCLUSIONS The proposed Confidence, Complacency, Convenience, Covid-19 Communications ('4Cs') model provides a tool for considering vaccine hesitancy in disadvantaged urban communities reacting to the rapid development and distribution of a novel vaccine. The model and in-depth key informants' perspectives can be used to compliment equitable vaccination efforts currently underway by public health agencies and non-governmental organizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ingram
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mark Roe
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vicky Downey
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lauren Phipps
- College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carla Perrotta
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Syringe Service Program Perspectives on Barriers, Readiness, and Programmatic Needs to Support Rollout of the COVID-19 Vaccine. J Addict Med 2023; 17:e36-e41. [PMID: 35916422 PMCID: PMC9892351 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored syringe service program (SSP) perspectives on barriers, readiness, and programmatic needs to support coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine uptake among people who use drugs. METHODS We conducted an exploratory qualitative study, leveraging an existing sample of SSPs in the United States. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with SSP staff between February and April 2021. Interviews were analyzed using a Rapid Assessment Process, an intensive, iterative process that allows for rapid analysis of time-sensitive qualitative data. RESULTS Twenty-seven SSPs completed a qualitative interview. Many SSP respondents discussed that COVID-19 vaccination was not a priority for their participants because of competing survival priorities, and respondents shared concerns that COVID-19 had deepened participant mistrust of health care. Most SSPs wanted to participate in COVID-19 vaccination efforts; however, they identified needed resources, including adequate space, personnel, and training, to implement successful vaccine programs. CONCLUSIONS Although SSPs are trusted resources for people who use drugs, many require additional structural and personnel support to address barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among their participants. Funding and supporting SSPs in the provision of COVID-19 prevention education and direct vaccine services should be a top public health priority.
Collapse
|
11
|
Valasek CJ, Streuli SA, Pines HA, Mittal ML, Strathdee SA, Vera CF, Harvey-Vera A, Bazzi AR. COVID-19 vaccination acceptability and experiences among people who inject drugs in San Diego County. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:101989. [PMID: 36148319 PMCID: PMC9484100 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) face increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and severe disease, yet COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been suboptimal. To inform vaccination interventions tailored for the needs of this population, we explored COVID-19 vaccination acceptability and experiences among PWID in San Diego County, USA. Methods From September-November 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews with PWID aged ≥18 years who were participating in a prospective study of infectious disease risks in San Diego. Thematic analysis of coded interview transcripts focused on identifying barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination. Results Of 28 participants, 15 reported having had ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine, primarily received through community health centers, pharmacies, jails, and homeless shelters. We identified three key barriers to COVID-19 vaccination: (1) low perceived risk of COVID-19 (or belief in natural immunity), (2) institutional distrust (e.g., of pharmaceutical companies and government agencies that "rushed" vaccine development, approval, and distribution), and (3) conflicting information from news, social media, and peers. We also identified three key facilitators of vaccination, including (1) heightened personal and interpersonal safety concerns, (2) health service outreach efforts to make vaccines more accessible, and (3) tailored information delivered by trusted sources (e.g., outreach or community health workers). Conclusions Tailored intervention strategies to increase acceptability and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among PWID should involve efforts to increase vaccine literacy and motivation while decreasing institutional distrust and structural barriers to access.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad J. Valasek
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
| | - Samantha A. Streuli
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
| | - Heather A. Pines
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mittal
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0507, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 USA
| | - Steffanie A. Strathdee
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0507, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 USA
| | - Carlos F. Vera
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0507, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 USA
| | - Alicia Harvey-Vera
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0507, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 USA
- US-Mexico Border Health Commission, Paseo del centenario #10851, Zona río, C.P. 22010 Tijuana, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina, Campus Tijuana, Universidad Xochicalco, Rampa Yumalinda 4850, Chapultepec Alamar, 22110 Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Angela R. Bazzi
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vallecillo G, Durán X, Canosa I, Roquer A, Martinez MC, Perelló R. COVID
‐19 vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy among people with opioid use disorder in Barcelona, Spain. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1311-1318. [PMID: 35668697 PMCID: PMC9348033 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction People with substance use disorders are considered a priority group for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination as they are at elevated risk of COVID‐19 and its severe complications. However, data are scarce about vaccination coverage in a real‐world setting. Methods A descriptive study was conducted in people with opioid use disorder (OUD) from three public centres for outpatient drug addiction treatment in Barcelona, Spain, who received brief medical advice and were referred to vaccination clinic sites. Results Three hundred and sixty‐two individuals were included: 277 (77%) were men with a mean age of 48.1 ± 8.9 years and 77% were Spanish. Most (90%) participants engaged in polysubstance use and all individuals were on opioid agonist therapy. Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 56% subjects and 32% individuals had ≥1 chronic disease, 30% had HIV and 13% hepatitis C. There were 258 fully vaccinated individuals (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 67, 76). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.08; P < 0.01) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.11, 2.5; P < 0.01) were associated with full vaccination. The vaccination hesitancy causes cited were complacency (53, 51%), convenience (40, 39%) and confidence (11, 10%). Discussion and Conclusions More than two‐thirds of our sample of people with OUD were fully vaccinated. Complacency and convenience represented a significant barrier to complete vaccination among people with OUD on opioid agonist therapy referred to vaccination clinic sites. Additional measures are necessary to increase vaccination, especially for younger individuals and those with less medical comorbidity. Integrating vaccination services in drug outpatient centres could be a useful alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Vallecillo
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
- Addiction Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Durán
- Statistics Department Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Irene Canosa
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Roquer
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria C. Martinez
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iversen J, Wand H, Kemp R, Bevan J, Briggs M, Patten K, Heard S, Maher L. Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among people who inject drugs. Harm Reduct J 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 35655217 PMCID: PMC9162792 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-022-00643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) may be at elevated risk of adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PWID are scarce. This study aimed to determine COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PWID, identify factors associated with sub-optimal uptake, and compare uptake to the general population.
Methods The Australian Needle Syringe Program Survey is an annual sentinel surveillance project, comprising a self-completed questionnaire and provision of a dried blood sample for HIV and HCV testing. In 2021, respondents provided information on their COVID-19 vaccination status. Multivariate logistic regression models identified correlates of vaccine uptake.
Results Among 1166 respondents, 49% had been vaccinated and in most states and territories, vaccine uptake was significantly lower than among the general population. Independent predictors of vaccine uptake were longer duration of vaccine eligibility (AOR 3.42, 95% CI 2.65, 4.41); prior SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing (AOR 2.90, 95% CI 2.22, 3.79); injection of opioids (AOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.20, 3.05); and current opioid agonist therapy (AOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.23, 2.33). Women (AOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54, 0.92) and those who reported daily or more frequent injection (AOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57, 1.00) were significantly less likely to be vaccinated. Conclusions In most Australian states and territories, uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among PWID lagged uptake among the general population. Increased efforts are required to ensure PWID have equitable access to vaccination. Vaccination programmes within harm reduction services and via outreach, coupled with increased support for peers to act as vaccine champions, are likely to reduce barriers and improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Iversen
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Handan Wand
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Kemp
- Queensland Health Department, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jude Bevan
- Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Myf Briggs
- Tasmanian Department of Health, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kate Patten
- New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Heard
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lisa Maher
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cioffi CC, Kosty D, Nachbar S, Capron CG, Mauricio AM, Tavalire HF. COVID-19 vaccine deliberation among people who inject drugs. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 3:100046. [PMID: 35345466 PMCID: PMC8942572 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at greater risk for severe morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 due to comorbid, chronic, medical conditions and structural inequities associated with housing instability and incarceration. As such, they are a population that would greatly benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We surveyed 350 syringe exchange clients between March 2021 and June 2021 to collect information on vaccine uptake among PWID, facilitators and barriers to vaccination, and demographic correlates of vaccine hesitancy. Results Findings highlight that among PWID, vaccination access was remarkably low with only 10% of the sample receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine acceptability among people who were vaccinated was 42% highlighting barriers to access. Motivation for vaccination included a desire to keep family members and other community members safe and a desire to feel safe around other people. Barriers to vaccination included concerns about vaccine side effects, lack of concern surrounding the effects of COVID-19, and insufficient information about how the vaccine works, along with general distrust of the vaccine development and deployment process. Conclusions There is a need for structural interventions and individual behavioral interventions to improve COVID-19 vaccine access and uptake among PWID. Limitations and implications for next steps and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Cioffi
- Corresponding author at:. University of Oregon Prevention Science Institute, 1600 Millrace Drive, Suite 105, Eugene, OR, 97403, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Heidari O, Meyer D, O'Conor KJ, Cargill V, Patch M, Farley JE. COVID-19 Vaccination and Communicable Disease Testing Services' Integration Within a Syringe Services Program: A Program Brief. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:348-352. [PMID: 35025822 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT People who inject drugs often have a higher prevalence of risk factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and associated morbidity and mortality, compounded by challenges in health care access. This increased vulnerability underscores the critical need to prioritize people who inject drug in ongoing COVID-19 vaccination efforts. Co-location of syringe services, COVID-19 vaccination services, and other communicable disease testing has proved an effective model to provide necessary interventions without creating additional barriers. Here, we describe a partnership between the Baltimore City Health Department, Johns Hopkins Mobile Vaccine Unit, and the Center for Infectious Disease and Nursing Innovation at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing to provide COVID-19 vaccination, HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing, wound care, and linkage to care services co-located with a long-running syringe services program. We describe the services offered by each partner and lessons learned from this community-based co-location of services initiative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omeid Heidari
- Omeid Heidari, PhD, MPH, ANP-C, is a Drug Dependence Epidemiology Training Fellow, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Diane Meyer, RN, MPH, is a PhD student, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and Research Associate, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Katie J. O'Conor, MD, is a Research Associate, Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Victoria Cargill, MD, MSCE, is the Assistant Commissioner of Health, Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Michelle Patch, PhD, MSN, APRN-CNS, ACNS-BC, is an Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Jason Farley, PhD, MPH, ANP-BC, FAANP, AACRN, is a Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|