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Kim JH, Ha EK, Lee SW, Cha HR, Baek HS, Han MY. Growth pattern during early infancy, body mass index during childhood and childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:39-51. [PMID: 36032030 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of longitudinal studies of associations between growth from infancy to childhood and asthma development. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of weight change during infancy, body mass index (BMI) and the interaction of these factors on the risk of childhood asthma. METHODS We enrolled children born in 2008 and 2009 at full-term and with normal birth weight. The weight change in infancy was grouped into slow, on-track and rapid. BMI status in childhood was stratified into low, normal and high groups and used as a time-varying variable. The outcome was asthma, defined as two or more diagnoses of asthma separated by at least 1 year after 2 years of age. The risk of asthma was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression, with adjustment for sex, residence area at birth, economic status and feeding types in infancy. RESULTS Of 917,707 children born in Korea in 2008 and 2009, 271,871 were eligible for analysis. The risk of asthma was greater in groups with low birth weight (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.08), rapid body weight change during early infancy (aHR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.10) and high BMI during childhood (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08). The interaction of weight change during early infancy with BMI during childhood was significant for asthma (p < .01). Rapid weight gain in infancy was associated with lower risk of asthma in those with low BMI during childhood; had no association with asthma in those with normal BMI during childhood; and was associated increased asthma risk in those with high BMI during childhood-aHR 1.26 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.33) and aHR 1.33 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.56) compared with on-track and slow infant weight gain, respectively. CONCLUSION Low birth weight, high BMI during childhood and, in those with high childhood BMI, rapid weight gain during early infancy are associated with increased risk of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sunkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Cha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sunkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hey-Sung Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
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Relationship between prenatal and postnatal conditions and accelerated postnatal growth. Impact on the rigidity of the arterial wall and obesity in childhood. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 10:436-446. [PMID: 31347487 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Restricted growth in utero and accelerated postnatal growth (APG) in the postnatal period have been associated with the development of overweight, obesity and an increased cardiovascular risk in childhood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of prenatal and perinatal conditions on APG and to evaluate the influence of this APG on different cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure (BP) and arterial wall stiffness [carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV)]. All measurements were performed in 355 children (185 boys and 170 girls; 8-11 years). Data on mother weight before and during pregnancy, gestational age (weeks), birth weight (g) and breastfeeding of children were obtained through interviews with families. Children who presented APG were born of mothers with lower BMIs before pregnancy and who gained less weight during the second trimester of pregnancy. They also have a lower gestational age and birth weight, a shorter duration of breastfeeding and a longer duration of artificial feeding (AF). Later in childhood, they had higher values of cf-PWV, BMI, FMI and higher prevalence of hypertension. Low maternal gestational weight gain, inadequate fetal development (low birth weight, shorter gestational age) and reduced breastfeeding duration favor APG. Infants with such APG had higher values of cf-PWV, BP, BMI and FMI later in childhood, along with a higher risk of hypertension and obesity. The interaction between APG and a longer duration of AF had a negative effect on cf-PWV (arterial stiffness) and FMI.
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3
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Nsamba J, Lule SA, Namara B, Zziwa C, Akurut H, Lubyayi L, Akello F, Tumusiime J, Elliott AM, Webb EL. Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort. AAS Open Res 2020; 2:11. [PMID: 32259024 PMCID: PMC7118828 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.12947.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m
2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m
2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nsamba
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Department of Clinical Research, Jeuticals Research and Consulting (U) Ltd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Swaib A Lule
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Benigna Namara
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Christopher Zziwa
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Hellen Akurut
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Lubyayi
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Florence Akello
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Josephine Tumusiime
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Immunomodulation and Vaccines Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Emily L Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Medical Research Council Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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4
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Ter Borg S, Koopman N, Verkaik-Kloosterman J. Food Consumption, Nutrient Intake and Status during the First 1000 days of Life in the Netherlands: a Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E860. [PMID: 30995816 PMCID: PMC6520769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development in early life. Nutritional data serves as a basis for national nutritional guidelines and policies. Currently, there is no insight into the availability of such data during the first 1000 days of life. Therefore, a systematic review was performed, following the PRISMA reporting guideline, to identify studies on food consumption, nutrient intake or status in the Netherlands. Potential gaps were identified, and the quality of the studies is discussed. The databases Embase and Medline were used, as well as databases from national institutes. Articles published in 2008-2018 were screened by two independent reviewers. In total 601 articles were identified, of which 173 were included. For pregnant women, 32 studies were available with nutritional data, for young children 40 studies were identified. No studies were available for breastfeeding women. A large variety of foods and nutrients were assessed, however certain nutrients were lacking (e.g., vitamin K). Overall, the studies had methodological limitations, making the data unsuitable to assess nutrient inadequacies. There is a need for recent, high quality nutritional research to strengthen the understanding of the nutritional needs and deficiencies during early life, and is fundamental for national guidelines and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovianne Ter Borg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Nynke Koopman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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The Effect of Maternal Intact Protein- and Amino Acid-Based Diets on Development of Food Intake Regulatory Systems and Body Weight in Dams and Male Offspring of Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071690. [PMID: 30987357 PMCID: PMC6479318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of maternal and weaning intact protein- and amino acid-based diets on regulation of food intake, intake regulatory hormones, and body weight in dams and their male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated to two groups (n = 12) and were fed either an intact protein diet (IPD) or mixed amino acid diet (AAD) from day 3 of gestation throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to either an IPD or AAD for 18 weeks. Food intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were measured weekly. Results: In dams, the AAD group had lower FI and BW in the post-partum period compared with the IPD group. In pups born to AAD dams, birth weight and BW were lower. However, the percentage of fat and lean mass were not affected. Food intake was influenced by maternal diet and was higher in pups born to IPD dams throughout post-weaning. Short-term FI in response to protein preloads was lower in pups born to AAD dams in 1 h. Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were not influenced by either maternal or weaning diet. However, peptide YY (PYY) was higher in pups born to IPD dams at weaning. Conclusions: The physicochemical properties of proteins fed during pregnancy and lactation had determining effects on the body weight and development of food intake regulatory systems in offspring. Maternal AAD resulted in lower BW in dams and lower birth weight and post-weaning BWs in pups compared with maternal IPD which was consistent with their lower FI.
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Nsamba J, Lule SA, Namara B, Zziwa C, Akurut H, Lubyayi L, Akello F, Tumusiime J, Elliott AM, Webb EL. Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort. AAS Open Res 2019; 2:11. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.12947.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.
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8
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Dahly DL, Li X, Smith HA, Khashan AS, Murray DM, Kiely ME, O'B Hourihane J, McCarthy FP, Kenny LC, Kearney PM. Associations between maternal lifestyle factors and neonatal body composition in the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (Cork) cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:131-145. [PMID: 29136159 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal body composition likely mediates fetal influences on life long chronic disease risk. A better understanding of how maternal lifestyle is related to newborn body composition could thus inform intervention efforts. Methods Using Cork participant data (n = 1754) from the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) cohort study [ECM5(10)05/02/08], we estimated how pre-pregnancy body size, gestational weight gain, exercise, alcohol, smoking and diet were related to neonatal fat and fat-free mass, as well as length and gestational age at birth, using quantile regression. Maternal factors were measured by a trained research midwife at 15 gestational weeks, in addition to a 3rd trimester weight measurement used to calculate weight gain. Infant body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography. Results Healthy (versus excess) gestational weight gain was associated with lower median fat-free mass [-112 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): -47 to -176) and fat mass (-33 g, 95% CI: -1 to -65) in the offspring; and a 103 g decrease in the 95th centile of fat mass (95% CI: -33 to -174). Maternal normal weight status (versus obesity) was associated with lower median fat mass (-48 g, 95% CI: -12 to -84). At the highest centiles, fat mass was lower among infants of women who engaged in frequent moderate-intensity exercise early in the pregnancy (-92 g at the 95th centile, 95% CI: -168 to -16). Lastly, women who never smoked tended to have longer babies with more fat mass and fat-free mass. No other lifestyle factors were strongly related to infant body composition. Conclusions These results suggest that supporting healthy maternal lifestyles could reduce the risk of excess fat accumulation in the offspring, without adversely affecting fat-free mass development, length or gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren L Dahly
- HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork.,School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT)
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT)
| | - Mairead E Kiely
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jonathan O'B Hourihane
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT)
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Women's Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT)
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9
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Jen V, Braun KVE, Karagounis LG, Nguyen AN, Jaddoe VWV, Schoufour JD, Franco OH, Voortman T. Longitudinal association of dietary protein intake in infancy and adiposity throughout childhood. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1296-1302. [PMID: 29914777 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Protein intake in infancy promotes growth, but excessive intake may lead to adiposity in children. However, whether this increased adiposity persists throughout childhood and is independent of diet in later life remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the associations of total protein intake and protein from different sources at age 1 year with repeatedly measured growth and body composition up to age 10 years. Additionally, we examined whether these associations are independent of protein intake and overall diet quality at age 8 years. METHODS We included 3573 children from the Generation R study, a population-based prospective cohort in the Netherlands. Dietary intakes were assessed with food-frequency questionnaires at ages 1 and 8 years and macronutrient intakes were expressed as energy percentages (E%). Height and weight were measured at eight time points between ages 1 and 10 years. Fat and fat-free masses were measured at ages 6 and 10 years with dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry. We calculated body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Outcomes were standardized for sex and age and expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS). Associations of protein intake with growth and body composition trajectories were examined with multivariable linear mixed models. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, 5E% additional protein intake at age 1 year was associated with a 0.10 SDS higher weight (95% CI 0.04, 0.16), 0.10 SDS higher BMI (95% CI 0.04, 0.16), and 0.07 SDS higher FMI (95% CI 0.01, 0.13) up to age 10 years. These associations were explained by protein from animal sources and not plant sources. Associations were independent of protein intake and overall diet quality at age 8 years, and were independent of whether higher protein was consumed at the expense of carbohydrates or fat in the diet. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that high protein intake in infancy, particularly from animal food sources, is persistently associated with adiposity up to age 10 years. Restricting protein intake in this critical period of development may aid in the early prevention of adiposity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim V E Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Nestlé Research Center, PO Box 44, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; Experimental Myology and Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8BH, UK
| | - Anh N Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Woo JG, Sucharew H, Su W, Khoury PR, Daniels SR, Kalkwarf HJ. Infant Weight and Length Growth Trajectories Modeled Using Superimposition by Translation and Rotation Are Differentially Associated with Body Composition Components at 3 and 7 Years of Age. J Pediatr 2018. [PMID: 29525070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how infant weigh and length growth trajectories associate with body composition at 3 and 7 years because previous studies have noted that rapid infant weight gain increases risk for high body mass index (BMI) in children. STUDY DESIGN There were 322 children enrolled at 3 years of age with dual x-ray absorptiometry body composition data and pediatrician growth data for 0-2 years of age who were included in analysis. Superimposition by translation and rotation modeling was used to characterize infant weight and length trajectories in terms of size, tempo and velocity measures. Associations of these measures with fat mass, lean mass, percent body fat, bone mineral content, BMI z-score, and overweight prevalence at 3 and 7 years of age were determined. RESULTS Infant growth trajectories differed by sex, race, and breastfeeding status. Higher overall weight size and weight velocity from 0 to 2 years of age were associated positively with all age 3 body composition and anthropometry outcomes. However, longer length size from 0 to 2 years of age was associated independently with higher bone mineral content and lean mass, but lower percent body fat, BMI z-score, and a lower odds of overweight at 3 years of age. By 7 years of age, later than average infant weight tempo was also associated with lower fat mass, lean mass, and BMI z-score. CONCLUSIONS Greater average weight size and greater weight velocity in infancy are markers for greater overall body size at 3 and 7 years of age. However, longer average lengths and later weight gain tempo between 0 and 2 years of age may help to establish a leaner body composition by 3 and 7 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Woo
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Weiji Su
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Philip R Khoury
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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11
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Jahan-mihan A, Labyak CA, Arikawa AY. The effect of characteristics of proteins fed during gestation and lactation on development of metabolic syndrome in dams and male offspring of Wistar rats. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:224-232. [PMID: 28706733 PMCID: PMC5478809 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study is to examine the role of characteristics of proteins in maternal and weaning diets on risk of metabolic syndrome in male offspring. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated to two groups (n = 12) and were fed the AIN‐93G diets based on either intact protein‐based diet (IPD) or mixed amino acid‐based diet (AAD) from day 3 of gestation throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to either an IPD or AAD diet for 18 weeks. Results In dams, AAD group had lower body weight in post‐partum period and higher pulse rate compared with IPD group. In pups born to AAD dams, birth weight and body weight were significantly lower, and systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were significantly higher compared with those born to IPD dams. Fat/weight ratio, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not influenced by either maternal or weaning diet. Conclusions These results indicate that the physico‐chemical structure of proteins fed to dams is important in altering risk factors of metabolic syndrome in the offspring, while weaning diets do not seem to play a role. IPD had more favourable effect than AAD. These results may also indicate that dietary recommendations during development must be updated based on physiological properties of dietary proteins that are beyond their nutritional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jahan-mihan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; University of North Florida; Jacksonville FL USA
| | - C. A. Labyak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; University of North Florida; Jacksonville FL USA
| | - A. Y. Arikawa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; University of North Florida; Jacksonville FL USA
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12
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Neonatal fatty acid profiles are correlated with infant growth measures at 6 months. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:474-482. [PMID: 28300011 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid weight gain in infancy and low levels of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) at birth are associated with increased adiposity later in life. The association between placental LCPUFA delivery and weight gain in infancy is poorly understood. We sought to determine the relationships between maternal phenotype, placental fatty acid transporter expression and offspring growth patterns over the first 6 months. Placental tissue and cord blood were collected at term delivery from women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Offspring body composition measurements were recorded 1 day and 6 months after birth. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were determined using World Health Organization 2006 reference data. Body phenotype patterns were compared among offspring who had an increase in BMI z-score and those who had a decrease. High skinfold thickness at birth and positive change in BMI z-scores during infancy were associated with low neonatal n-3 LCPUFA plasma levels (r=-0.46, P=0.046) and high saturated fatty acids levels (r=0.49, P=0.034). Growth of skinfolds over 6 months of age was associated with placental fatty acid transporter gene expression. Change in BMI z-score in the first 6 months of life correlated with arm muscle area growth, a measure of lean mass (r=0.62, P=0.003), but not with growth in skinfold thickness. Early infancy weight gain was associated with poor plasma LCPUFA status at birth, and fat deposition in infancy was related to changes in placental lipid handling. Thus, neonatal fatty acid profiles may influence the trajectory of infant growth and fat and lean mass deposition.
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Matthews EK, Wei J, Cunningham SA. Relationship between prenatal growth, postnatal growth and childhood obesity: a review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:919-930. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Pan S, Jia Y, Yang X, Cai D, Liu Z, Song H, Zhao R. Amino acid starvation-induced autophagy is involved in reduced subcutaneous fat deposition in weaning piglets derived from sows fed low-protein diet during gestation and lactation : Autophagy is involved in reduced fat deposition in maternal low-protein piglets. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:991-1001. [PMID: 28233111 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the effects of maternal low-protein (LP) diet on subcutaneous fat deposition of weaning piglets and the potential mechanism. METHODS Sows were fed either a standard protein (SP, 15 and 18% crude protein) or a LP diet (50% protein levels of SP) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Subcutaneous fat and blood were sampled from male piglets at 28 days of age. Serum biochemical metabolites and hormone concentrations were detected with the enzymatic colorimetric methods. Serum-free amino acid (FAA) levels were measured by amino acid auto-analyzer. The mRNA and protein were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Body weight, back fat thickness, triglycerides concentrations in subcutaneous fat tissue, and serum, as well as FFA concentrations were significantly reduced in LP piglets when compared with SP piglets. Further studies showed that mRNA and protein expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, two key enzymes of de novo lipogenesis, were significantly reduced in LP piglets, while mRNA expression and the lipolytic enzymes activities of lipolysis genes, adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, were significantly increased. Furthermore, expression of autophagy-related gene 7 and autophagy maker gene microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC 3) as well as the conversion of LC3I to LC3II were significantly elevated, along with the expression of activating transcription factor-4 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2a. CONCLUSION These results indicate that amino acid starvation-induced autophagy is involved in reduced subcutaneous fat deposition in maternal LP weaning piglets, demonstrating links between maternal protein restriction and offspring fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haogang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Jahan-Mihan A, Rodriguez J, Christie C, Sadeghi M, Zerbe T. The Role of Maternal Dietary Proteins in Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring. Nutrients 2015; 7:9185-217. [PMID: 26561832 PMCID: PMC4663588 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity has been increasing. Pre-natal environment has been suggested as a factor influencing the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Both observational and experimental studies showed that maternal diet is a major modifier of the development of regulatory systems in the offspring in utero and post-natally. Both protein content and source in maternal diet influence pre- and early post-natal development. High and low protein dams’ diets have detrimental effect on body weight, blood pressure191 and metabolic and intake regulatory systems in the offspring. Moreover, the role of the source of protein in a nutritionally adequate maternal diet in programming of food intake regulatory system, body weight, glucose metabolism and blood pressure in offspring is studied. However, underlying mechanisms are still elusive. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature related to the role of proteins in maternal diets in development of characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jahan-Mihan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Judith Rodriguez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Catherine Christie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Marjan Sadeghi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Tara Zerbe
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brook College of Health, University of North Florida, UNF Dr. Bldg 39, Room 3057A, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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16
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Hull HR, Thornton J, Paley C, Navder K, Gallagher D. Maternal obesity influences the relationship between location of neonate fat mass and total fat mass. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:245-51. [PMID: 25088238 PMCID: PMC4317390 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is suggested that maternal obesity perpetuates offspring obesity to future generations. OBJECTIVE To determine whether location of neonate fat mass (FM: central vs. peripheral) is related to total neonate FM and whether maternal obesity influences this relationship. METHODS Neonate body composition and skin-fold thicknesses were assessed in healthy neonates (n = 371; 1-3 days old). Linear regression models examined the relationship between total FM and location of FM (central vs. peripheral). Location of FM was calculated by skin-folds: peripheral was the sum of (biceps and triceps)/2 and central was represented by the subscapular skin-fold. RESULTS A significant interaction was found for location of FM and maternal obesity. Holding all predictors constant, in offspring born to non-obese mothers, a 0.5 mm increase in central FM predicted a 15 g greater total FM, whereas a 0.5 mm increase in peripheral FM predicted a 66 g greater total FM. However, in offspring born to obese mothers, a 0.5 mm increase in central FM predicted a 56 g total FM, whereas a 0.5 mm increase in peripheral FM predicted a 14 g greater total FM. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between total FM and location of FM is influenced by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R. Hull
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center at Columbia University, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hosp., NY, NY
| | - John Thornton
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center at Columbia University, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hosp., NY, NY
| | - Charles Paley
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, NY, NY
| | | | - Dympna Gallagher
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center at Columbia University, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hosp., NY, NY
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17
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Echeverri I, Ortega-Ávila JG, Mosquera M, Castillo A, Jiménez E, Suárez-Ortegon MF, Mateus JC, Aguilar-de Plata C. Relationship between maternal and newborn endothelial function and oxidative stress. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:822-31. [PMID: 25945813 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Relationship between maternal and newborn endothelial function and oxidative stress. METHODS Forty-three pregnant women and their offspring were evaluated. As markers of endothelial function, the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters, and nitric oxide (NO) was quantified in the endothelial cells of the umbilical cord vein. Malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker of oxidative stress, was measured in the maternal plasma (second and third trimesters) and plasma from umbilical cord blood. Gestational age and birth weight were recorded. Correlations between variables were estimated, and adjustments were made for specific gestational week of measurement, gestational age at birth, and complications during pregnancy and/or at delivery. RESULTS Maternal FMD at second trimester correlated positively with newborn MDA, although with marginal significance (P = 0.090). The change in maternal FMD was positively correlated with newborn NO (P = 0.039), although adjustment for gestational age and specific week of gestation attenuated this relationship (P = 0.070). Maternal MDA at second trimester correlated positively with newborn MDA independently of gestational age at birth, specific week of gestation of the measurement, and having complications during pregnancy or at delivery (P = 0.032). After adjustments, the change in maternal MDA correlated with newborn MDA but marginally (P = 0.077). CONCLUSION Study findings suggest that under physiological conditions, enhanced endothelial function and/or oxidative stress in the mother may impact on normal fetal development. Future studies are recommended, employing larger sample sizes, a more extensive set of markers of oxidative stress, and comparisons of complicated versus normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Echeverri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia.,Nutrition Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - José Guillermo Ortega-Ávila
- Nutrition Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mildrey Mosquera
- Nutrition Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Castillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Eliécer Jiménez
- Nutrition Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Milton Fabian Suárez-Ortegon
- Nutrition Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Cesar Mateus
- School of Public Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación FES, Cali, Colombia
| | - Cecilia Aguilar-de Plata
- Nutrition Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Body composition assessment in infancy and early childhood: comparison of anthropometry with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in low-income group children from India. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:658-63. [PMID: 24642784 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Anthropometry is a simple, inexpensive method of body composition assessment, but its validity has not been examined adequately in young children. The study therefore compared the body composition estimates using anthropometry with those using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in infants and young children. METHODS Body composition estimates using anthropometry and DXA were assessed and compared at 6, 12 and 18 months in a cohort of 137 infants enrolled at birth. RESULTS Fat mass (FM) and body fat percent (%BF) estimates by anthropometry were lower than those using DXA. Mean differences (DXA-skinfold thickness) in FM, fat free mass (FFM) and %BF were highest at 6 months (350 g, -226 g and 4%, respectively); the differences reduced with increase in age and were lowest at 18 months (46 g, 56 g and 0%, respectively). Bland-Altman analyses showed good agreement between the FM, FFM and %BF estimates by the two methods only at 18 months. Accretion of FM and FFM during follow-up, estimated by the two methods, was significantly different, with agreement between the methods seen only for increment in FFM from 6 to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences were found in the body composition estimates by anthropometry compared with DXA and also in the longitudinally assessed tissue accretion patterns by the two methods. As the body composition patterns may be influenced by the method used for body composition assessment, results of studies assessing body composition by anthropometry during infancy should be interpreted with caution.
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19
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Chrestani MA, Santos IS, Horta BL, Dumith SC, de Oliveira Dode MAS. Associated factors for accelerated growth in childhood: a systematic review. Matern Child Health J 2013; 17:512-9. [PMID: 22547159 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that accelerated growth in the postnatal period is critical for the development of chronic diseases. The term catch-up has been used for the accelerated growth of children who have suffered some sort of restriction of nutrition or oxygen supply. However, accelerated growth has been observed among children who have an appropriate birth weight for their gestational age (AGA) and with no apparent morbidity. Therefore, this systematic review was carried out on the associated factors of accelerated growth, or catch-up, using the Medline/Pubmed database. Only cohort studies written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with children between zero and 12 years old who presented accelerated growth or catch-up as the outcome were included. Out of the 2,155 articles found, 9 were selected. There is no uniformity in the operational definition of accelerated growth, or in the concept of catch-up. According to this review, accelerated growth is associated with primiparity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, lower birth weight, and early weaning. The main limitations in the available literature are the high number of follow-up losses and the lack of control for confounding factors. The determinants of accelerated growth still need to be studied further, especially among AGA children.
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20
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May R, Kim D, Mote-Watson D. Change in weight-for-length status during the first three months: relationships to birth weight and implications for metabolic risk. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 150:5-9. [PMID: 23283659 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Weight-for-length during the early postnatal period is a critical predictor of subsequent body composition and metabolic risk. This study was designed to analyze change in weight-for-length status according to birth weight in early infancy. Data were collected for 267 infants enrolled in the Jackson County Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. Postnatal measurements were collected at a clinic visit between birth and 12 weeks of age (mean = 5.7 weeks). Changes in WHO z-scores (weight, length, weight-for-length) between birth and the clinic visit were calculated. Infants were classified as exclusively breastfed or as formula-fed. Ethnicity was coded as Hispanic or non-Hispanic. Infants were classified based on birth weight z-score as lower (<-1 SD) or higher (> +1 SD). Multiple regression models tested birth weight, demographic factors, and feeding as predictors of z-score change measures. Demographic factors and feeding were also tested as moderators of the effects of birth weight. Lower birth weight infants displayed an increase in weight-for-length z-score between birth and the clinic visit. Change in weight-for-length was associated with significant increase in weight z-score but not in length z-score. Higher birth weight predicted decrease in weight and length z-scores but did not predict change in weight-for-length. Hispanic ethnicity predicted decrease in length z-score and increase in weight-for-length z-score but did not moderate effects of birth weight. Increase in weight-for-length among lower birth weight infants and persistence of high weight-for-length among higher birth weight infants may reflect phenotypic adjustments that are maladaptive in adverse dietary environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rich May
- Biology Department, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR 97520, USA.
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21
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Ruiz-Castell M, Carsin AE, Barbieri FL, Paco P, Gardon J, Sunyer J. Child patterns of growth delay and cognitive development in a Bolivian mining city. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 25:94-100. [PMID: 23132674 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to (1) follow up and characterize infant growth patterns during the first year of life in Bolivia, and (2) determine whether there exists an association between weight gain and cognitive development in children living near contaminated mining industries. METHODS Data on 175 children participating to the ToxBol (Toxicity in Bolivia) birth cohort were analyzed. Rapid-growth during the first 6 months was defined as a change in weight z-score > 0.67 while slow-growth was defined as a weight z-score change of < -0.67. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 10.5-12.5 months of age. Mixed models were used to examine the association between cognitive development and weight gain. RESULTS Rapid growers weighed less at birth (P < 0.01). However, they revealed a higher body mass index at 12 months of age (0.70 ± 0.73, P < 0.01). After adjustment for confounding, rapid growth was not associated with cognitive development (coef = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = -4.10, 5.08). CONCLUSIONS In this Bolivian cohort, children born smaller were more likely to grow/develop faster and attain greater weight and length. Their cognitive development was not affected by their growth patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ruiz-Castell
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader, 88 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Gonçalves SC, Louzada MLDC, Campafnolo PDB, Vitolo MR. Velocidade de ganho de peso e práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida em lactentes de baixo nível socioeconômico. REV NUTR 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732012000500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a velocidade do ganho de peso e sua associação com as práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida em crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se dados de peso e comprimento ao nascer obtidos dos registros hospitalares e as medidas antropométricas aferidas aos 6 e 12 meses para o cálculo do ganho de peso no primeiro e no segundo semestres de vida. Dados das práticas alimentares das crianças foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães aos 6 e 12 meses de idade das crianças. RESULTADOS: Avaliaram-se 328 crianças: 184 meninos e 144 meninas. As meninas apresentaram maior ganho de peso em relação ao padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde nos primeiros 6 meses de vida (4.452kg versus 4.079kg, p=0,000). Dos 6 aos 12 meses, o ganho de peso das crianças avaliadas foi significativamente maior em comparação ao padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde para os dois sexos (1.929kg versus 1.688kg, p=0,000 para os meninos e 1.900kg versus 1.618kg, p=0,001 para as meninas). As crianças do sexo masculino que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo por período menor que quatro meses apresentaram maior ganho de peso entre 6 e 12 meses de idade em relação àquelas que receberam somente leite materno por período igual ou superior a quatro meses (M=2,077, DP=0,777 versus M=1,814, DP=0,669 p=0,02). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo evidenciou que as crianças avaliadas apresentaram ganho de peso excessivo no primeiro ano de vida, e que o aleitamento materno exclusivo apresentou papel protetor.
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Is the macronutrient intake of formula-fed infants greater than breast-fed infants in early infancy? J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:891201. [PMID: 23056929 PMCID: PMC3463945 DOI: 10.1155/2012/891201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Faster weight gain early in infancy may contribute to a greater risk of later obesity in formula-fed compared to breast-fed infants. One potential explanation for the difference in weight gain is higher macronutrient intake in formula-fed infants during the first weeks of life. A systematic review was conducted using Medline to assess the macronutrient and energy content plus volume of intake in breast-fed and formula-fed infants in early infancy. All studies from healthy, term, singleton infants reporting values for the composition of breast milk during the first month of life were included. The energy content of colostrum (mean, SEM: 53.6 ± 2.5 kcal/100 mL), transitional milk (57.7 ± 4.2 kcal/100 mL), and mature milk (65.2 ± 1.1 kcal/100 mL) was lower than conventional infant formula (67 kcal/100 mL) on all days analyzed. The protein concentration of colostrum (2.5 ± 0.2 g/100 mL) and transitional milk (1.7 ± 0.1 g/100 mL) was higher than formula (1.4 g/100 mL), while the protein content of mature milk (1.3 ± 0.1 g/100 mL) was slightly lower. Formula-fed infants consume a higher volume and more energy dense milk in early life leading to faster growth which could potentially program a greater risk of long-term obesity.
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with risk of pulmonary disease, and adversely affects lung function. The parallel increase in obesity and asthma suggests the two conditions are linked; indeed, they can worsen each other. Obesity and inadequate asthma control are associated with poor quality of life, and place a high economic burden on public health. Although the obesity-lung interaction is a major issue for basic research and clinical studies, various questions remain unanswered. Do intrauterine and early life factors impact on the development of obesity and lung disease? If so, can this be prevented? Asthma is generally more severe in obese subjects, but is adiposity a driver of a new asthma phenotype that features greater morbidity and mortality, worse control and decreased response to medications? Obese individuals have small lung volumes, hence their airway calibre is reduced and airway resistance is increased. What puzzles physicians is whether peripheral airways undergo remodelling, which would increase bronchoconstriction. Obese asthmatics respond suboptimally to anti-inflammatory treatment, which raises the question: 'what drug for what patient?' Life expectancy is decreased in obesity and in chronic pulmonary disorders, but does obesity protect against or trigger chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? The time has come to find answers to these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Santamaria
- Department of Paediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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25
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Liang J, Zhang X, Zhao R, Maak S, Yang X. Effect of maternal protein restriction on lipid metabolism in Meishan piglets at weaning. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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26
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Mendez MA, Garcia-Esteban R, Guxens M, Vrijheid M, Kogevinas M, Goñi F, Fochs S, Sunyer J. Prenatal organochlorine compound exposure, rapid weight gain, and overweight in infancy. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:272-8. [PMID: 20923745 PMCID: PMC3040617 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been hypothesized that fetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may increase obesity risk, empirical data are limited, and it is uncertain how early in life any effects may begin. OBJECTIVES We explored whether prenatal exposure to several organochlorine compounds (OCs) is associated with rapid growth in the first 6 months of life and body mass index (BMI) later in infancy. METHODS Data come from the INMA (Infancia y Medio-Ambiente) Child and Environment birth cohort in Spain, which recruited 657 women in early pregnancy. Rapid growth during the first 6 months was defined as a change in weight-for-age z-scores > 0.67, and elevated BMI at 14 months, as a z-score ≥ the 85th percentile. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the risk of rapid growth or elevated BMI associated with 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorohexane, and polychlorinated biphenyls in first-trimester maternal serum. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment including other OCs, DDE exposure above the first quartile was associated with doubling of the risk of rapid growth among children of normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), but not overweight, mothers. DDE was also associated with elevated BMI at 14 months (relative risk per unit increase in log DDE = 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.03). Other OCs were not associated with rapid growth or elevated BMI after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS In this study we found prenatal DDE exposure to be associated with rapid weight gain in the first 6 months and elevated BMI later in infancy, among infants of normal-weight mothers. More research exploring the potential role of chemical exposures in early-onset obesity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mendez
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Jaddoe VWV, van Duijn CM, van der Heijden AJ, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, Steegers EAP, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Verhulst FC, Hofman A. The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2010. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:823-41. [PMID: 20967563 PMCID: PMC2991548 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes of normal and abnormal growth, development and health during fetal life, childhood and adulthood. The study focuses on four primary areas of research: (1) growth and physical development; (2) behavioural and cognitive development; (3) diseases in childhood; and (4) health and healthcare for pregnant women and children. In total, 9,778 mothers with a delivery date from April 2002 until January 2006 were enrolled in the study. General follow-up rates until the age of 4 years exceed 75%. Data collection in mothers, fathers and preschool children included questionnaires, detailed physical and ultrasound examinations, behavioural observations, and biological samples. A genome wide association screen is available in the participating children. Regular detailed hands on assessment are performed from the age of 5 years onwards. Eventually, results forthcoming from the Generation R Study have to contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing health and healthcare for pregnant women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group (AE006), Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chaabo F, Pronczuk A, Maslova E, Hayes K. Nutritional correlates and dynamics of diabetes in the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus): a novel model for diet-induced type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:29. [PMID: 20398338 PMCID: PMC2868017 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and related chronic diseases, among them non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus, are on the rise in the United States and throughout the world. Animal models that respond to environmental stressors, such as diet, are useful for investigating the outcome and development of these related diseases. Objective Within this context, growth and energy relationships were characterized in the Nile rat, an exotic African rodent, as a potential animal model for diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. Methods Compiled data from several studies established the relationship between age, body weight gain (including abdominal adiposity), food and water consumption, and blood glucose levels as determinants of diabetes in male and female Nile rats. Glucose Tolerance Testing, insulin, HbA1c, blood pressure measurements and plasma lipids further characterized the diabetes in relation to criteria of the Metabolic Syndrome, while diet modification with high-fat, low-fiber or food restriction attempted to modulate the disease. Results The Nile rat fed lab chow demonstrates signs of the Metabolic Syndrome that evolve into diet-induced non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperinsulinemia with rising blood glucose (insulin resistance), abdominal adiposity, and impaired glucose clearance that precedes increased food and water intake, as well as elevated HbA1c, marked elevation in plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, microalbuminuria, and hypertension. Males are more prone than females with rapid progression to diabetes depending on the challenge diet. In males diabetes segregated into early-onset and late-onset groups, the former related to more rapid growth and greater growth efficiency for the calories consumed. Interestingly, no correlation was found between blood glucose and body mass index (overall adiposity) in older male Nile rats in long term studies, whereas blood glucose and the perirenal fat pad, as well as liver and kidney weight, were positively related to early-onset diabetes. Rats weaned early (4-5 wks) and challenged with a high-fat Western-type diet developed diabetes faster, and body fat accumulation was more apparent, whereas food restriction curtailed it. Conclusion The Nile rat fed typical rodent diets develops hyperinsulinemia that precedes hyperglycemia (insulin resistance) leading to diet-induced type 2 diabetes associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Dietary modulation affected growth rate (weight gain and central adiposity) to impact disease progression. This rodent model represents a novel system of gene-diet interactions affecting energy utilization that can provide insight into the prevention and treatment of the type 2 diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Chaabo
- Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, 02454.
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