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Beretta S, Apparicio M, Toniollo GH, Cardozo MV. The importance of the intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs in the neonatal period. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230082. [PMID: 38026003 PMCID: PMC10681130 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal period represents a critical stage for the establishment and development of the gut microbiota, which profoundly influences the future health trajectory of individuals. This review examines the importance of intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs, aiming to elucidate the distinct characteristics and variations in the composition between these two species. In humans, the intestinal microbiota contributes to several crucial physiological processes, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immune system development, and modulation of host metabolism. Dysbiosis, an imbalance or disruption of the gut microbial community, has been linked to various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and even neurological conditions. Furthermore, recent research has unveiled the profound influence of the gut-brain axis, emphasizing the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, impacting cognitive function and mental health. Similarly, alterations in the canine intestinal microbiota have been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic enteropathy, such as inflammatory bowel disease, food allergies, and ulcerative histiocytic colitis. However, our understanding of the intricacies and functional significance of the intestinal microbiota in dogs remains limited. Understanding the complex dynamics of the intestinal microbiota in both humans and dogs is crucial for devising effective strategies to promote health and manage disease. Moreover, exploring the similarities and differences in the gut microbial composition between these two species can facilitate translational research, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic interventions and strategies to enhance the well-being of both humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Beretta
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Maricy Apparicio
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Gilson Hélio Toniollo
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Microorganismos, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, MG, Brasil
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Velegrakis A, Kouvidi E, Fragkiadaki P, Sifakis S. Predictive value of the sFlt‑1/PlGF ratio in women with suspected preeclampsia: An update (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:89. [PMID: 37594116 PMCID: PMC10500221 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a major complication of pregnancy with an incidence rate of 2‑8% and is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. The various consequences of severe preeclampsia for the fetus, neonate and child include intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), fetal hypoxia, oligohydramnios, intrauterine fetal demise, increased perinatal mortality and morbidity, neurodevelopmental disorders and even irreversible brain damage (cerebral palsy). A number of studies have demonstrated that differences in maternal serum concentrations of angiogenic factors between preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancies can be used as biomarkers, either alone or in combination with other markers, to predict the development of PE. The presence in the maternal circulation of two proteins of placental origin, placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‑like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt‑1), has been shown to be of clinical value, as the sFlt‑1/PlGF ratio appears to be the optimal predictive tool for the development of PE. The measurement of their concentration in maternal serum in screening models, serves as predictive marker for the development of PE or IUGR later in gestation. However, further research is required to improve its clinical applicability and provide guidelines for its use worldwide to achieve more consistent clinical management of women with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Velegrakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Kouvidi
- Genesis Genoma Lab, Genetic Diagnosis, Clinical Genetics and Research, 15232 Athens, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Asante DO, Osei F, Abdul-Samed F, Nanevie VD. Knowledge and participation in exercise and physical activity among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana. Front Public Health 2022; 10:927191. [PMID: 36466468 PMCID: PMC9709326 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.927191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) and exercise have been identified to improve the general fitness and health. Although, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) has been validated for use in assessing PA in pregnant women. However, understanding the knowledge and participation levels of PA in pregnant women in the underdeveloped regions of Ghana is of clinical relevance to foster education and promotion of PA. In Ghana, pregnant women believe the "myth" (mostly in rural areas and underdeveloped regions) that exercising in the first trimester might lead to miscarriage. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the extent of knowledge and participation levels in PA among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana using a self-developed questionnaire which consisted of some questions adapted from the PPAQ. Methods Seventy-seven (n = 77) pregnant women between the ages of 18-50 years were recruited from three hospitals across the Ho municipality of Ghana. A self-developed questionnaire which consisted of some questions taken from the PPAQ was administered to participants under the researchers' supervision. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to find the association between the level of participation in PA, knowledge of PA and gestational age among pregnant women. Results From the total participants (n = 77) recruited, 57 (74%) of the participants scored high in PA knowledge. Most of the participants 48 (62.3%) answered that PA promotes healthy pregnancy. Participants who reported barriers to PA during pregnancy were no exercise habits 51 (66.2%), having no time 17 (22.1%) and fear of miscarriage 9 (11.7%). There was a significant (p < 0.05) association between the level of participation and gestational age. No significant (p > 0.05) association between the level of participation and knowledge of PA was observed. Conclusion There is a high level of knowledge of PA among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana. However, most pregnant women rather engage in PA as their gestational age increases. Thus, to foster sustainable exercise participation during pregnancy, all healthcare providers saddled with the responsibility of providing maternal healthcare must strengthen the education and promotion of exercise and PA among pregnant women in Ho, Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drusilla Obenewaa Asante
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medical Sciences, School of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Health and Allied Science, Ho, Ghana,*Correspondence: Drusilla Obenewaa Asante
| | - Francis Osei
- Medical Sociology and Psychobiology, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fridaus Abdul-Samed
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medical Sciences, School of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Health and Allied Science, Ho, Ghana
| | - Victoria Dzifa Nanevie
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medical Sciences, School of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Health and Allied Science, Ho, Ghana
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The Effect of Physical Exercise on Oxidation Capacity and Utero-Placental Circulation in Pregnancies with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Uncomplicated Pregnancies, a Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071732. [PMID: 35885635 PMCID: PMC9322693 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with aggravated oxidation capacity and utero-placental circulation, while aerobic exercise could improve both. The study aims to assess oxidation capacity and utero-placental circulation before and after a bout of aerobic exercise in GDM and uncomplicated pregnancies.; Methods: In this cross-sectional study, women with GDM (GDMs) and women with uncomplicated pregnancies(controls), underwent 30 min of moderate intensity cycling. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), Uterine Arteries (UtA PI) and Umbilical Artery (UmA PI) pulsatility indexes were estimated prior-to, immediately after and one hour after exercise; Results: In each group, 25 pregnant women were included. In both groups, between prior-to and immediately after exercise, TAC and CAT increased, while GSH decreased, (p < 0.001). In GDMs, CAT was lower than controls at any time point (p < 0.05), while in GDMs delta(Δ) CAT (prior-to and immediately after exercise) was lower than controls (p = 0.003). In GDMs, UtA PI centiles decreased between prior-to and either immediately or one hour after exercise, while they did not change in controls. In GDMs, pre-conceptional BMI and weight gain predicted negatively ΔTAC (prior-to to one hour after exercise); Conclusions: Moderate intensity exercise bout improves oxidation capacity in GDM and uncomplicated pregnancies, although at a lesser extent in the former. Exercise leads to decreased UtA arteries resistance in women with GDM.
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Mohammad S, Hutchinson KA, da Silva DF, Bhattacharjee J, McInnis K, Burger D, Adamo KB. Circulating small extracellular vesicles increase after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12615. [PMID: 34135428 PMCID: PMC8209031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and molecular mechanisms linking prenatal physical activity and improvements in maternal–fetal health are unknown. It is hypothesized that small extracellular vesicles (EVs, ~ 10–120 nm) are involved in tissue cross-talk during exercise. We aimed to characterize the circulating small EV profile of pregnant versus non-pregnant women after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Pregnant (N = 10) and non-pregnant control (N = 9) women performed a single session of moderate-intensity treadmill walking for 30 min. Plasma was collected immediately pre- and post-exercise, and small EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. EV presence was confirmed by western blotting for the small EV proteins TSG-101 and flottilin-1. Small EVs were quantified by size and concentration using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. All EV fractions were positive for TSG-101 and flotillin-1, and negative for calnexin. Mean vesicle size at baseline and percent change in size post-exercise were not different between groups. At baseline, pregnant women had higher levels of small EVs compared to controls (1.83E+10 ± 1.25E+10 particles/mL vs. 8.11E+09 ± 4.04E+09 particles/mL, respectively; p = 0.032). Post-exercise, small EVs increased significantly in the circulation of pregnant compared to non-pregnant women after correcting for baseline values (64.7 ± 24.6% vs. − 23.3 ± 26.1%, respectively; F = 5.305, p = 0.035). Further research is needed to assess the functional roles of exercise-induced small EVs in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhiba Mohammad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Ann Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kurt McInnis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,, 200 Lees Avenue, Building E, Room E250F, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Almalki SA, Ibraheem EF, Alotibi T. Level of exercise and physical activity among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2140-2147. [PMID: 34322404 PMCID: PMC8284203 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2408_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to clarify the health benefits of physical activity on the mother and fetus in the Saudi women population. Besides, it is intended to provide recommendation based on the literature and results of studies from Saudi Arabia for exercise in pregnancy to improve the general health of women in Saudi Arabia. Prenatal physical exercise enhances physical and mental health of pregnant women. It can also reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy-related complications such as; lower back pain, fluid retention and risk of gestational diabetes. All these factors can affect fetal development and life later. Multiple studies showed that prenatal exercise could reduce the risk of fetal macrosomia with no effect on other perinatal or postnatal complications. The study followed the systematic literature review approach where it included multiple medical search Databases using PICOS eligibility criteria up to January 2019. The review was based on the following keywords: pregnancy, gestational, or prenatal) and (physical exercise, exercise, or physical activity. There are only two studies that dealt with physical exercises among Saudi women. The results indicated a relation between prenatal physical exercise on improving or decreasing risks on the mother and child during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A. Almalki
- Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Academy for Postgraduate Studies in Family Medicine, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Eman F. Ibraheem
- Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Academy for Postgraduate Studies in Family Medicine, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Turkiah Alotibi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Academy for Postgraduate Studies in Family Medicine, Riyadh, KSA
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Okafor UB, Goon DT. Physical Activity Advice and Counselling by Healthcare Providers: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:609. [PMID: 34069474 PMCID: PMC8159082 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite scientific evidence on prenatal physical activity and exercise, synthesized evidence is lacking on the provision of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice and counselling by prenatal healthcare providers. The scoping review seeks to fill this gap by synthesizing available literature on the provision of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice and counselling by prenatal healthcare providers to women during antenatal visits. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) search framework for scoping reviews was applied to retrieve original research articles on the prenatal physical activity and exercise practices of healthcare providers with pregnant women, published between 2010-2020, and available in English. The search databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, The Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), BIOMED Central, Medline and African Journal Online. Studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were retrieved for analysis. Results: Out of the 82 articles that were retrieved for review, 13 met the eligibility criteria. Seven of the articles were quantitative, four qualitative, one mixed-method and one controlled, non-randomised study, respectively. Three themes emerged as major findings. Healthcare providers affirmed their responsibility in providing prenatal physical activity advice and counselling to pregnant women; however, they seldom or rarely performed this role. Major barriers to prenatal physical activity and exercise included insufficient time, lack of knowledge and skills, inadequate or insufficient training, and lack of resources. Conclusion: This review highlights salient features constraining the uptake of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice/counselling by prenatal healthcare providers in both community and clinical settings. Prenatal physical activity advice and counselling are key components to the promotion of physical activity adherence during and post-partum pregnancy; this requires adequate knowledge of physical activity prescriptions and recommendations, which are personalised and contextual to environment. Research is needed to examine the prenatal physical activity advice and counselling from prenatal healthcare providers on issues hindering effective delivery of the aforementioned in the context of promoting prenatal physical activity in clinical or community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Benedine Okafor
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Fort Hare, 50 Church Street, East London 5021, South Africa
| | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Department of Public Health, University of Fort Hare, 5 Oxford Street, East London 5021, South Africa;
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Bhattacharjee J, Mohammad S, Adamo KB. Does exercise during pregnancy impact organs or structures of the maternal-fetal interface? Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101543. [PMID: 33940567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with improved health outcomes both during and after pregnancy for mother and fetus across the lifespan. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour during pregnancy have been recommended by many researchers and clinicians-alike. It is thought that the placenta plays a central role in mediating any positive or negative pregnancy outcomes. The positive outcomes obtained through prenatal exercise are postulated to result from exercise-induced regulation of maternal physiology and placental development. Considerable research has been performed to understand the placenta's role in pregnancy-related diseases, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus. However, little research has examined the potential for healthy lifestyle and behavioural changes to improve placental growth, development, and function. While the placenta represents the critical maternal-fetal interface responsible for all gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between the mother and fetus, the impact of exercise during pregnancy on placental biology and function is not well known. This review will focus on prenatal exercise and its promising influence on the structures of the maternal-fetal interface, with particular emphasis on the placenta. Potential molecular mechanistic hypotheses are presented to aid future investigations of prenatal exercise and placental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Okafor UB, Goon DT. Physical Activity in Pregnancy: Beliefs, Benefits, and Information-Seeking Practices of Pregnant Women in South Africa. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:787-798. [PMID: 33859477 PMCID: PMC8043848 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s287109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Notwithstanding the benefits of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, anecdotal evidence suggests ignorance, unscientific beliefs, and lack of awareness about PA among pregnant South African women. Aim This study examined the beliefs, perceived benefits, and sources of information on PA during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was employed between June and September 2019 using an interviewer-administered questionnaire with 1,082 pregnant women. These women were attending antenatal primary health–care clinics in Buffalo City, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A self-designed questionnaire solicited information on beliefs, benefits, and sources of information regarding PA during pregnancy. Results A majority of the participants held positive beliefs concerning PA during pregnancy. They maintained that PA was safe for mother and fetus, improved labor and delivery (93.1%), promoted energy (89.0%), and should be discontinued when tired (76.6%). Most held negative convictions that PA during pregnancy increased body temperature (64.5%) and that pregnancy was a time to rest and refrain from PA (56.5%). Predominantl sources of information received about PA during pregnancy were television, the radio, and other media (70.2%). Most participants were aware of the benefits of PA during pregnancy —— reduction in infant weight (61.4%), lessening of moodiness (90.4), and decreased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (92.9%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (92.5%), and complications at birth (97.8%), while common negative perceptions included musculoskeletal discomfort (82.7%), and back pain (85.7%). An overwhelming majority affirmed that PA improved self-image (95.7%), sleep patterns (94.2%), and respiratory function (95.8%). Conclusion Our findings suggested that women hold positive beliefs and perceive PA as beneficial to their health and the baby; however, they received most of their information from the Internet. Most women regarded pregnancy as a period to relax and rest. Interventions to promote PA during pregnancy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Department of Public Health, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa
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Veisy A, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Hematzadeh S, Mirghafourvand M. Effect of prenatal aerobic exercises on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2301-2317. [PMID: 33683833 PMCID: PMC8363376 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal aerobic exercises on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Method A search was carried out in databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran and SID until 30 September 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles for quality and risk of bias using the Cochrane handbook. The statistical heterogeneity was determined using the Cochran's Q test and Higgins' I2 coefficient. Results Of the 2,790 extracted articles, 16 were included in this review. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that prenatal exercise can increase the frequency of vaginal delivery significantly (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08–1.43), but had no statistically significant effect on other maternal and neonatal outcomes, such as first, second and third stages of labour, gestational age at birth, first and fifth‐minute Apgar score, umbilical cord pH, neonatal weight, height and head circumference (p > .05). Conclusions The meta‐analysis results suggested that prenatal exercise can reduce the frequency of caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Veisy
- Student's Research Committee, Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Hematzadeh
- Student's Research Committee, Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bhattacharjee J, Mohammad S, Goudreau AD, Adamo KB. Physical activity differentially regulates VEGF, PlGF, and their receptors in the human placenta. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14710. [PMID: 33463910 PMCID: PMC7814495 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has beneficial effects on the function of many organs by modulating their vascular development. Regular PA during pregnancy is associated with favorable short‐ and long‐term outcomes for both mother and fetus. During pregnancy, appropriate vascularization of the placenta is crucial for adequate maternal–fetal nutrient and gas exchange. How PA modulates angiogenic factors, VEGF, and its receptors in the human placenta, is as of yet, unknown. We objectively measured the PA of women at 24–28 and 34–38 weeks of gestation. Participants were considered “active” if they had met or exceeded 150 min of moderate‐intensity PA per week during their 2nd trimester. Term placenta tissues were collected from active (n = 23) or inactive (n = 22) women immediately after delivery. We examined the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF, PlGF, VEGFR‐1, and VEGFR‐2 in the placenta. Western blot analysis showed VEGF and its receptor, VEGFR‐1 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher both at the protein and mRNA levels in placenta from physically active compared to inactive women. No difference in VEGFR‐2 was observed. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed differential staining patterns of VEGF and its receptors in placental endothelial, stromal, and trophoblast cells and in the syncytial brush border. In comparison, PlGF expression did not differ either at the protein or mRNA level in the placenta from physically active or inactive women. The expression and localization pattern of VEGF and its receptors suggest that PA during pregnancy may support a pro‐angiogenic milieu to the placental vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra D Goudreau
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Okafor UB, Goon DT. Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy in Africa: a review of the literature. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:732. [PMID: 33238920 PMCID: PMC7691114 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is an important phase in a woman's life, with health status at this stage affecting both the woman and her child's life. Global evidence suggests that many women engage in low levels of physical activity (PA) and exercise during pregnancy despite its beneficial effects. This is particularly the case in Africa. METHODS This article reviews the literature on levels of PA and exercise among pregnant women in Africa, highlighting the level of PA or exercise participation during pregnancy in Africa, including types of PA, factors affecting PA, beliefs about and benefits of prenatal activity, advice or counselling on PA during pregnancy in Africa, and PA interventions proposed to promote the uptake of prenatal PA. Electronic search databases used were Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, ERIC, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed, BIOMED Central, and African Journal Online. The basic search terms were: 'Physical activity', 'Exercise', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnant women' and 'Africa'. A total of 40 references were found. On the basis of an analysis of titles, abstracts and the language of publication (other than English), 11 articles were rejected, and 29 articles were fully read, although two had to be rejected due to a lack of access to the full version. Finally, 27 references were included in the review. RESULTS Few studies exist on PA during pregnancy in Africa. The limited data available suggests that, compared to the Western world, pregnant women in Africa do not adhere to the recommendations for PA during pregnancy. Levels of participation in PA during pregnancy are low and decline as the pregnancy progresses. The majority of the studies used direct, objective measures to assess PA during pregnancy. Personal and environmental factors such as lack of time, lack of knowledge, inadequate information from healthcare providers, feelings of tiredness and an absence of social support constituted the main barriers to PA during pregnancy. The types of PA participation among pregnant women varied across studies and geographical settings. CONCLUSIONS While published data is limited, it seems clear that the participation of pregnant women in PA during pregnancy in Africa is low and declines with advancing pregnancy. There is a need for more studies to examine the dynamics of PA during pregnancy in Africa to guide contextual interventions to improve and promote maternal health on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Benedine Okafor
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Fort Hare, 50 Church Street, 5201, East London, South Africa.
| | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Department of Public Health, University of Fort Hare, 05 Oxford Street, East London, South Africa
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Okafor UB, Goon DT. Developing a Physical Activity Intervention Strategy for Pregnant Women in Buffalo City Municipality, South Africa: A Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6694. [PMID: 32937983 PMCID: PMC7557735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite global awareness about the importance and health benefits of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, several studies have reported a low prevalence of PA participation among pregnant women in both developed and developing countries. This means that most pregnant women do not meet the current PA recommended guideline of 150 min of moderate intensity PA per week. The global call to prioritise PA participation levels in the general population necessitates evaluating the factors affecting PA practice. Seemingly, pregnant women mostly from low-to-middle income countries like South Africa are often predisposed to adverse pregnancy outcomes, possibly because of limited access to, and knowledge of, improved pregnancy and health outcomes as a result of PA participation. Physical activity has been sparsely studied among pregnant South African women, and specifically, there is no known study that assesses the PA levels, patterns, beliefs, sources of information, perceived benefits, barriers, attitudes of pregnant women concerning PA and exercise participation; nor one that explores the perspectives of healthcare providers regarding prenatal PA in the Eastern Cape Province. In addition, no PA intervention strategy exists to promote PA participation in the region. This study, in attempting to fill these gaps in knowledge, adopts two phases. In Phase I, a concurrent mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative) approach assesses the following factors related to PA participation in pregnant women: participation levels, beliefs, attitudes, perceived benefits, barriers to uptake and sources of information. It further ascertains if healthcare professionals are sufficiently informed about PA and if they are advising pregnant women about the need for PA participation during pregnancy. Data will be collected through a structured questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions. Information on socio-demographic and maternal characteristics will be obtained, and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) will assess PA during pregnancy. A sample size of 384 pregnant women is the required minimum sample for an infinite population at a confidence level of 95%, a precision level of ± 5% and at a prevalence of PA or exercise during pregnancy of 50% (p < 0.05); however, a sample size larger than the minimum number necessary will be recruited to account for possible attrition and to protect against possible data loss. Data will be analysed using a multiple logistic regression to determine the factors that predict sedentary or moderate PA levels and chi-squared analysis to determine the associations between the PA levels of the participants and socio-demographic and clinical variables. The study will assess the data collected on the above-mentioned variables and draw conclusions based on patterns and themes that emerge during analysis. Phase II of the study focuses on strategy development and validation to facilitate the promotion of PA during pregnancy. The developed strategy will be validated through the application of the Delphi technique and the administration of a checklist to selected key stakeholders through organised workshops. Understanding the level and correlates of PA participation among this special population is fundamental to designing intervention strategies to enhance their understanding of, and participation in, PA and exercise. Furthermore, this study's findings will inform facility-based healthcare providers about the need to integrate health education on PA and pregnancy into antenatal and postnatal care visits in the setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Benedine Okafor
- Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Fort Hare, 50 Church Street, East London 5201, South Africa
| | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Department of Public Health, University of Fort Hare, 5 Oxford Street, East London 5201, South Africa;
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Liu C, Wang YX, Chen YJ, Sun Y, Huang LL, Cheng YH, Liu EN, Lu WQ, Messerlian C. Blood and urinary biomarkers of prenatal exposure to disinfection byproducts and oxidative stress: A repeated measurement analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105518. [PMID: 32018134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicological studies have demonstrated that disinfection by-products (DBPs) can induce oxidative stress, a proposed mechanism that is relevant to adverse birth outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of blood trihalomethanes (THMs) and urinary haloacetic acids (HAAs) with urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women. METHODS From 2015 to 2017, a total of 4150 blood and 4232 urine samples were collected from 1748 Chinese women during pregnancy. We determined concentrations of 4 blood THMs [chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM)] and 2 urinary HAAs [dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA)]. The summary measures of exposure for brominated THMs (Br-THMs; a molar sum of BDCM, DBCM, and TBM) and total THMs (TTHMs; a molar sum of TCM and Br-THMs) were also calculated. Associations of categorical (i.e., tertiles) and continuous measures of DBPs with urinary concentrations of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α), were assessed using linear mixed regression models. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, we observed positive dose-response relationships between blood Br-THM tertiles and urinary HNE-MA (P for trend < 0.001). We also found positive associations between tertiles of blood TCM and TTHMs and urinary 8-OHdG and HNE-MA (all P for trend < 0.05). Urinary HAAs were also positively associated with 8-OHdG, HNE-MA, and 8-isoPGF2α in a dose-response manner (all P for trend < 0.001). These associations were further confirmed when we modeled DBP exposures as continuous variables in linear mixed regression models, as well as in penalized regression splines based on generalized additive mixed models. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to DBPs during pregnancy may increase maternal OS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-Li Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hui Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiaonan Maternal and Child Care Service Centre, Xiaogan City, Hubei, PR China
| | - Er-Nan Liu
- Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Chen L, Shi L, Chao MS, Tong X, Wang F. Stressful life events, hypertensive disorders, and high blood sugar during pregnancy. Stress Health 2020; 36:160-165. [PMID: 31714017 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the association of life events stressors with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) by using the multilevel sample from the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) survey. Four multilevel logistic regression models were applied while accounting for the multilevel design of the LAMB study. The following demographic variables were used as covariates: maternal age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational attainment, household income level in the previous year, physical exercise, and prepregnancy body weight status. The scale for total number of stressors was positively associated with GDM in Model 1, but the association did not reach the significance threshold of 0.05. In Model 2 where four specific domains of stressors (financial, traumatic, spousal, and emotional stressors) were used as the key exposure variables, the number of financial stressors during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of GDM. The scale for total number of stressors was associated with HDP in Model 3. Experience of financial stressors during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of HDP in Model 4. In conclusion, exposure to higher number of financial stressors was associated with an elevated risk of GDM and HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Margaret Shin Chao
- Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health Programs, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xia Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Todorovic J, Terzic-Supic Z, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Piperac P, Dugalic S, Gojnic-Dugalic M. Factors Associated with the Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during the First Trimester of the Pregnancy: The Cross-Sectional Study among Pregnant Women in Serbia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1366. [PMID: 32093248 PMCID: PMC7068306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy include lower maternal weight gain, a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes, low back pain, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, caesarian delivery, and macrosomia. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with insufficient leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during the first trimester. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, between January and June of 2018. The final analyses included 162/175 pregnant women. The questionnaire was used to obtain social characteristics, pregnancy, and lifestyle characteristics (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System-PRAMS), pre-pregnancy LTPA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ), and LTPA during the first trimester (Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire-PPAQ). Women were classified into two groups of sufficient and insufficient LTPA during the first trimester based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: A total of 27.2% of the women had insufficient LTPA during pregnancy. Insufficient LTPA during pregnancy was associated with <12 years of education (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.05-5.04), self-rated financial status as poor (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14-0.79), and hours spent walking before pregnancy (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99). Conclusions: Our results can help direct health care professionals advice for women who are planning pregnancy towards walking as it seems to be sustained during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Todorovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.T.-S.); (V.B.-M.)
| | - Zorica Terzic-Supic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.T.-S.); (V.B.-M.)
| | - Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.T.-S.); (V.B.-M.)
| | - Pavle Piperac
- Department of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Stefan Dugalic
- Clinic of Obsterics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, 11000 Beograd, Serbia; (S.D.); (M.G.-D.)
| | - Miroslava Gojnic-Dugalic
- Clinic of Obsterics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, 11000 Beograd, Serbia; (S.D.); (M.G.-D.)
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17
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Patient Attitudes toward Gestational Weight Gain and Exercise during Pregnancy. J Pregnancy 2019; 2019:4176303. [PMID: 31637057 PMCID: PMC6766150 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4176303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important factors for neonatal and maternal health. Exercise helps women moderate their BMI and GWG, and provides health benefits to mother and child. This survey study assessed patients' perceptions of counseling they received during pregnancy, their sources of information about GWG, and their attitudes toward exercise during pregnancy. We distributed an anonymous survey to 200 pregnant women over the age of 18 at a tertiary care center in Danville, Pennsylvania. Survey questions included demographics, discussions with medical providers regarding GWG and exercise, and their exercise habits before and during pregnancy. 182 women (91%) responded. Most reported their provider discussed weight and diet (78.8%), expected GWG (81.6%), and exercise during pregnancy (79.8%); however, 28% of obese women and 25% of women who did not plan to exercise during pregnancy reported not receiving exercise counseling. Approximately 20% of women did not plan to exercise during pregnancy. Women decreased the number of days per week they exercised (40.6% with 3 or more days prepregnancy versus 30.7% during pregnancy, P = 0.002). Some patients who did not exercise prior to pregnancy (12%) expressed interest in a personal training session. Among women in the eight month or later, 42.4% were above GWG recommendations. Our study found barriers to adequate activity during pregnancy; 20% of pregnant women not receiving/remembering counseling regarding exercise. Interest in personal training from patients that did not exercise suggests they would benefit from increased efforts to encourage physical activity. Exercise and GWG counseling based in medical science as well as patient psychological needs will help efforts to reduce GWG and improve pregnancy outcomes.
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18
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Chan CWH, Au Yeung E, Law BMH. Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions on Pregnancy-Related Outcomes among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101840. [PMID: 31126153 PMCID: PMC6571580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity has been demonstrated to contribute to physical and psychological health. Nevertheless, pregnant women generally exhibit low levels of physical activity. Implementation of interventions that enhance the self-efficacy of pregnant women on increasing physical activity is required. This paper provides an in-depth review of studies reporting the effect of various physical activity interventions dedicated for pregnant women on pregnancy-related issues, including gestational weight gain, pain and depression, physical activity level, and quality of life among these individuals. Five databases were used in searching the literature. Findings of the included studies were presented narratively, and appraisal of their methodological quality was conducted using the quality assessment tool developed by Effective Public Health Practice Project. Review findings demonstrated that physical activity interventions are effective in enhancing physical activity levels of pregnant women. Further, they are potentially useful in alleviating pregnancy-related pain and psychological symptoms, reducing gestational weight gain, and increasing self-efficacy in enhancing physical activity levels among these individuals. Nevertheless, inconsistencies in findings between studies hamper the drawing of firm conclusions on these latter outcomes. Overall, studies demonstrated a positive effect of physical activity interventions on the well-being and physical and psychological health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W H Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Elce Au Yeung
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bernard M H Law
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Rasmussen TS, de Vries L, Kot W, Hansen LH, Castro-Mejía JL, Vogensen FK, Hansen AK, Nielsen DS. Mouse Vendor Influence on the Bacterial and Viral Gut Composition Exceeds the Effect of Diet. Viruses 2019; 11:E435. [PMID: 31086117 PMCID: PMC6563299 DOI: 10.3390/v11050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Often physiological studies using mice from one vendor show different outcome when being reproduced using mice from another vendor. These divergent phenotypes between similar mouse strains from different vendors have been assigned to differences in the gut microbiome. During recent years, evidence has mounted that the gut viral community plays a key role in shaping the gut microbiome and may thus also influence mouse phenotype. However, to date inter-vendor variation in the murine gut virome has not been studied. Using a metavirome approach, combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we here compare the composition of the viral and bacterial gut community of C57BL/6N mice from three different vendors exposed to either a chow-based low-fat diet or high-fat diet. Interestingly, both the bacterial and the viral component of the gut community differed significantly between vendors. The different diets also strongly influenced both the viral and bacterial gut community, but surprisingly the effect of vendor exceeded the effect of diet. In conclusion, the vendor effect is substantial not only on the gut bacterial community but also strongly influences viral community composition. Given the effect of GM on mice phenotype, this is essential to consider for increasing reproducibility of mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Sølbeck Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Liv de Vries
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | | | - Josué L Castro-Mejía
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Finn Kvist Vogensen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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21
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Zheng J, Yuan X, Zhang C, Jia P, Jiao S, Zhao X, Yin H, Du Y, Liu H. N-Acetylcysteine alleviates gut dysbiosis and glucose metabolic disorder in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Diabetes 2019; 11:32-45. [PMID: 29845722 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidative reagent for clinical diseases, shows potential in the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. However, it is unknown how NAC modulates the gut microbiota of mice with metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the preventive effect of NAC on intestinal dysbiosis and glucose metabolic disorder. METHODS Mice (C57BL/6J strain) were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD), NCD plus NAC, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus NAC for 5 months, after which glucose levels, circulating endotoxins and key metabolism-related proteins were determined. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. A novel analysis was performed to predict functional changes in gut microbiota. In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis was performed between metabolic biomarkers and bacterial abundance. RESULTS Treatment with NAC significantly reversed the glucose intolerance, fasting glucose concentrations, and gains in body weight and plasma endotoxin in HFD-fed mice. Further, NAC upregulated occludin and mucin glycoprotein levels in the proximal colon of HFD-treated mice. Noticeably, NAC promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria (i.e. Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Allobaculum) and decreased populations of diabetes-related genera, including Desulfovibrio and Blautia. In addition, NAC may affect the metabolic pathways of intestinal bacteria, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, oxidative stress, and bacterial motility. Finally, the modified gut microbiota was closely associated with the metabolic changes in NAC-treated HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS N-Acetylcysteine may be a potential drug to prevent glucose metabolic disturbances by reshaping the structure of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Zheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xubing Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Rodríguez-González GL, Castro-Rodríguez DC, Zambrano E. Pregnancy and Lactation: A Window of Opportunity to Improve Individual Health. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1735:115-144. [PMID: 29380310 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal studies indicate that obesity during pregnancy adversely impacts both maternal health and offspring phenotype predisposing them to chronic diseases later in life including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Effective interventions during human pregnancy and/or lactation are needed to improve both maternal and offspring health. This review addresses the relationship between adverse perinatal insults and its negative impact on offspring development and presents some maternal intervention studies such as diet modification, probiotic consumption, or maternal exercise, to prevent or alleviate the negative outcomes in both the mother and her child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana C Castro-Rodríguez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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23
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Amiri FN, Faramarzi M, Bakhtiari A, Omidvar S. Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 15:184-190. [PMID: 33786034 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618791980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The underlying causes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are important because they are effective for the diagnosis and prevention of this condition. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for GDM and the possible etiological agents. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted with 100 women with GDM and 100 healthy pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital, affiliated to Babol University. GDM was identified by impaired oral glucose tolerance test based on the Carpenter and Coustan criteria. Healthy women were randomly selected from the prenatal health care clinic of the same center and were matched to gestational age of 24 to 28 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via the SPSS software. Results: After adjusting variables, multivariate analysis identified 4 significant risk factors of GDM, including prepregnancy low physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.97-8.34), advanced maternal age (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.13-1.35), body mass index ⩾ 30 kg/m2 (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.20), and family history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.62, 95% CI = 2.26-13.96). Conclusion: We observed significant associations between low prepregnancy physical activity and obesity with GDM risk. Thus the finding of this study can help devise strategies for the prevention of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasiri Amiri
- Midwifery Department, Fateme Zahra Fertility & Infertility Research Health Center, Health Research Institute (FNA, AB, SO) and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Faramarzi
- Midwifery Department, Fateme Zahra Fertility & Infertility Research Health Center, Health Research Institute (FNA, AB, SO) and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Bakhtiari
- Midwifery Department, Fateme Zahra Fertility & Infertility Research Health Center, Health Research Institute (FNA, AB, SO) and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shabnam Omidvar
- Midwifery Department, Fateme Zahra Fertility & Infertility Research Health Center, Health Research Institute (FNA, AB, SO) and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Avilés-Santa ML, Colón-Ramos U, Lindberg NM, Mattei J, Pasquel FJ, Pérez CM. From Sea to Shining Sea and the Great Plains to Patagonia: A Review on Current Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:298. [PMID: 29176960 PMCID: PMC5687125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed many advances in the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Increased screening has led to a greater recognition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and prediabetes; however, Hispanics/Latinos, the largest minority group in the US, have not fully benefited from these advances. The Hispanic/Latino population is highly diverse in ancestries, birth places, cultures, languages, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and it populates most of the Western Hemisphere. In the US, the prevalence of DM varies among Hispanic/Latino heritage groups, being higher among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Dominicans, and lower among South Americans. The risk and prevalence of diabetes among Hispanics/Latinos are significantly higher than in non-Hispanic Whites, and nearly 40% of Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes have not been formally diagnosed. Despite these striking facts, the representation of Hispanics/Latinos in pharmacological and non-pharmacological clinical trials has been suboptimal, while the prevalence of diabetes in these populations continues to rise. This review will focus on the epidemiology, etiology and prevention of type 2 DM in populations of Latin American origin. We will set the stage by defining the terms Hispanic, Latino, and Latin American, explaining the challenges identifying Hispanics/Latinos in the scientific literature and databases, describing the epidemiology of diabetes-including type 2 DM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-and cardiovascular risk factors in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America, and discussing trends, and commonalities and differences across studies and populations, including methodology to ascertain diabetes. We will discuss studies on mechanisms of disease, and research on prevention of type 2 DM in Hispanics/Latinos, including women with GDM, youth and adults; and finalize with a discussion on lessons learned and opportunities to enhance research, and, consequently, clinical care oriented toward preventing type 2 DM in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Larissa Avilés-Santa
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nangel M. Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco J. Pasquel
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Pérez
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Dubé C, Aguer C, Adamo K, Bainbridge S. A role for maternally derived myokines to optimize placental function and fetal growth across gestation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:459-469. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise during pregnancy is associated with improved health outcomes for both mother and baby, including a reduced risk of future obesity and susceptibility to chronic diseases. Overwhelming evidence demonstrates a protective effect of maternal exercise against fetal birth weight extremes, reducing the rates of both large- and small-for-gestational-age infants. It is speculated that this protective effect is mediated in part through exercise-induced regulation of maternal physiology and placental development and function. However, the specific mechanisms through which maternal exercise regulates these changes remain to be discovered. We hypothesize that myokines, a collection of peptides and cytokines secreted from contracting skeletal muscles during exercise, may be an important missing link in the story. Myokines are known to reduce inflammation, improve metabolism and enhance macronutrient transporter expression and activity in various tissues of nonpregnant individuals. Little research to date has focused on the specific roles of the myokine secretome in the context of pregnancy; however, it is likely that myokines secreted from exercising skeletal muscles may modulate the maternal milieu and directly impact the vital organ of pregnancy—the placenta. In the current review, data in strong support of this potential role of myokines will be presented, suggesting myokine secretion as a key mechanism through which maternal exercise optimizes fetal growth trajectories. It is clear that further research is warranted in this area, as knowledge of the biological roles of myokines in the context of pregnancy would better inform clinical recommendations for exercise during pregnancy and contribute to the development of important therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Dubé
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut de recherche de l’Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T1, Canada
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kristi Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 1A2, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Shannon Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Favero G, Franceschetti L, Buffoli B, Moghadasian MH, Reiter RJ, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Melatonin: Protection against age-related cardiac pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:336-349. [PMID: 27884595 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process that involves physiological and metabolic deterioration in every organ and system. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly subjects worldwide. Most age-related cardiovascular disorders can be influenced by modifiable behaviours such as a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, avoidance of smoking, increased physical activity and reduced stress. The role of diet in prevention of various disorders is a well-established factor, which has an even more important role in the geriatric population. Melatonin, an indoleamine with multiple actions including antioxidant properties, has been identified in a very large number of plant species, including edible plant products and medical herbs. Among products where melatonin has been identified include wine, olive oil, tomato, beer, and others. Interestingly, consumed melatonin in plant foods or melatonin supplementation may promote health benefits by virtue of its multiple properties and it may counteract pathological conditions also related to cardiovascular disorders, carcinogenesis, neurological diseases and aging. In the present review, we summarized melatonin effects against age-related cardiac alterations and abnormalities with a special focus on heart ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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