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Harris CL, Chapman H, Groves N. Eating competence is related to executive function skills in college students. Eat Behav 2024; 55:101922. [PMID: 39288702 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the relationship between eating competence (EC) and executive function (EF) skills in college students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was part of a larger study in which an online survey was administered during autumn quarter 2020 to undergraduate students at a northwestern U.S. public university. Sociodemographic data were collected, along with measures of EC (16-item Satter Eating Competence Inventory, ecSI-2.0™) and EF skills (27-item Executive Function Index, EFI). Multiple linear regression was used to examine the ecSI-2.0™ total score and its four domain scores with each of the five EF skills. RESULTS Of the 1996 respondents included in the final analyses, 40.2 % were eating competent (total ecSI-2.0™ ≥32). The mean ecSI-2.0™ score among participants was 28.7. Gender distribution was 72.0 % women, 23.3 % men, and 4.7 % trans-and-gender non-conforming (TGNC) or preferred not to answer. EFI scores were higher among women (70.9) than among men (68.2) and TGNC (64.9). Both total ecSI-2.0™ score and the contextual skills domain were significantly associated with four of the EFI subscales. Internal regulation was related to impulse control and motivational drive. Further significant associations were found with other domains of ecSI-2.0™ and specific EFI subscales. CONCLUSION EF skills are associated with EC in college students, particularly skills related to food management and internal regulation. Since both EF and EC can be developed, this study offers promise for future research in an increasingly gender-diverse and neurodiverse college population during a time of increasing independence and autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristen L Harris
- Food Systems Nutrition & Health Program, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 305 Raitt Hall, Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98195-3410, United States of America.
| | - Haley Chapman
- Food Systems Nutrition & Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 305 Raitt Hall, Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98195-3410, United States of America.
| | - Nicole Groves
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America.
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Eaton M, Probst Y, Foster T, Messore J, Robinson L. A systematic review of observational studies exploring the relationship between health and non-weight-centric eating behaviours. Appetite 2024; 199:107361. [PMID: 38643903 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health promoting behaviours. However, consolidated evidence is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate 'health-centric' eating behaviour reflective of weight-neutral approaches, and their relationship with health (physical and mental) and health promoting behaviours. A systematic search was performed, identifying observational studies with adult populations, ≥1 physical/mental health outcome(s), and ≥1 validated measure(s) of health-centric eating behaviour. Study design, sample characteristics and outcomes were extracted and characterised into four domains. Our search identified 8281 records, with 86 studies, 75 unique datasets, and 78 unique exposures including 94,710 individuals. Eating behaviours included intuitive eating (n = 48), mindful eating (n = 19), and eating competence (n = 11). There were 298 outcomes identified for body composition, size, and physical health (n = 116), mental health and wellbeing (n = 123), health promoting behaviours (n = 51) and other eating behaviour (n = 8). Higher levels of intuitive eating, mindful eating and eating competence were significantly related to a lower BMI, better diet quality and greater physical activity. Higher intuitive and mindful eating were significantly related to lower levels of disordered eating, and depressive symptoms, and greater body image, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Greater eating competence and intuitive eating were significantly related to higher fruit and vegetable intake, and greater eating competence to higher fibre intake and better sleep quality. Our results demonstrate that 'health-centric' eating behaviours are related to a range of favourable health outcomes and engagement in health promoting behaviours. These findings help to enhance our understanding of eating behaviours that do not centre around body weight, providing support for health-centric eating behaviour in healthcare. Future research should focus on intervention studies and more diverse population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Eaton
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tiarna Foster
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julia Messore
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Laura Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Baer NR, Grissmer NV, Schenk L, Wortmann HR, Warschburger P, Gisch UA. Practicing Interoceptive Sensitivity as a Couple: A Mixed-Methods Acceptance Analysis of a Dyadic vs. Single Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1949. [PMID: 38931304 PMCID: PMC11206497 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Training interoceptive sensitivity (IS) might be a first step in effectively promoting intuitive eating (IE). A dyadic interoception-based pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to increase IE among couples aged 50+. The training consisted of three exercises, a Body Scan (BS), a hunger exercise (HU), and a satiety (SA) exercise. This study explored how spouses accepted the (dyadic vs. single) training. In a mixed-methods convergence design, the findings of a survey (n = 68 couples) and focus groups (n = 4) were synthesized. Moderate general acceptance (e.g., regarding feasibility and low burden) and a hierarchical gradient in favor of the BS (e.g., pleasantness and improved sleep quality) emerged. Barriers concerned a perceived lack of the exercises' usefulness and a limited understanding of the training purpose. A wish for regular feedback and exchange with the study stuff and other participants was expressed. Spousal training involvement was experienced as being rather beneficial. Previously harmonized dietary practices and daily routines appeared as constructive pre-conditions for the joint training. This study highlights the potential and implications of training couples in IS. Future interventions should involve a regular exchange and closer guidance by study staff to promote a better understanding of the processes and goals of IS and IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja-R. Baer
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Noemi Vanessa Grissmer
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna R. Wortmann
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Warschburger
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrike A. Gisch
- NutriAct—Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (H.R.W.); (P.W.); (U.A.G.)
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Nutritional Psychology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstr. 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Rojo-Ramos P, Galán-Arroyo C, Gómez-Paniagua S, Castillo-Paredes A, Rojo-Ramos J. Emotional regulation and self-perceived quality of life in high-performance mountain sports athletes. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1370124. [PMID: 38689724 PMCID: PMC11059068 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1370124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotional regulation is an indispensable capacity for human beings, so that alterations in it can lead to the appearance of psychological, social and/or cognitive disorders. Therefore, possessing adequate emotional strategies is intimately related to the quality of life that a person presents. In this sense, high-level athletes suffer constant setbacks and frustrations due to the performance of their sporting activity, in addition to continuous modifications of their daily life activities. Thus, the objective of this research is to explore the emotional regulation and self-perceived quality of life of high-level athletes in mountain sports, analyzing the possible influences of gender, demographic location, body mass index and age. Fifty-four athletes belonging to the High Performance Technification Center of Cáceres (Extremadura, Spain) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the WHOQOL-BREF. The Shapiro-Wilkins test was used to analyze the normality of the variables collected and nonparametric statistics were used since the assumption was not met. Both gender and demographic location showed significant differences in the dimensions of the two questionnaires. Likewise, age was associated with the dimensions of both scales, but not body mass index, which was only associated with self-perceived quality of life. In addition, the stepwise linear regression model predicted self-perceived quality of life with a value of 60% across self-culpability, gender body mass index and planning. Therefore, it appears that gender, demographic location, age and body mass index could exert modifications on the levels of emotional regulation and self-perceived quality of life of high-level mountain athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rojo-Ramos
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carmen Galán-Arroyo
- Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQoL), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo AFySE, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Rojo-Ramos
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Jeune SC, Graziano P, Campa A, Coccia CC. Interoception and self-regulation of eating behaviors and weight status in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38442359 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2319200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between interoception, self-regulation, eating behaviors, and weight status among college students. PARTICIPANTS 229 female undergraduates, predominantly classified as Juniors (51.1%) and identified as Hispanic/Latinx (75%) with a mean age of 23.4 (SD = 6.3), were examined. METHODS Cross-sectional data using baseline measures from a larger, longitudinal study, were examined. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted to test hypotheses. RESULTS Interoception was directly associated to self-regulation. Interoception and self-regulation were inversely associated with non-purposeful eating. Non-purposeful eating was directly associated with weight status. CONCLUSION This study provided empirical evidence on the associations between interoception, self-regulation, eating behaviors, and weight status. Our results support the need for programs that target college students' cognitive skills to reduce unhealthy eating behaviors and optimize weight status. Future interventions are needed to enhance interoception and self-regulation skills so that college students can be more purposeful in their eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanté C Jeune
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adriana Campa
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine C Coccia
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Pai A, Sabharwal A. Calorie Compensation Patterns Observed in App-Based Food Diaries. Nutrients 2023; 15:4007. [PMID: 37764790 PMCID: PMC10536014 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-regulation of food intake is necessary for maintaining a healthy body weight. One of the characteristics of self-regulation is calorie compensation. Calorie compensation refers to adjusting the current meal's energy content based on the energy content of the previous meal(s). Preload test studies measure a single instance of compensation in a controlled setting. The measurement of calorie compensation in free-living conditions has largely remained unexplored. This paper proposes a methodology that leverages extensive app-based observational food diary data to measure an individual's calorie compensation profile in free-living conditions. Instead of a single compensation index followed in preload-test studies, we present the compensation profile as a distribution of days a user exhibits under-compensation, overcompensation, non-compensation, and precise compensation. We applied our methodology to the public food diary data of 1622 MyFitnessPal users. We empirically established that four weeks of food diaries were sufficient to characterize a user's compensation profile accurately. We observed that meal compensation was more likely than day compensation. Dinner compensation had a higher likelihood than lunch compensation. Precise compensation was the least likely. Users were more likely to overcompensate for missing calories than for additional calories. The consequences of poor compensatory behavior were reflected in their adherence to their daily calorie goal. Our methodology could be applied to food diaries to discover behavioral phenotypes of poor compensatory behavior toward forming an early behavioral marker for weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Pai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
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Monthuy-Blanc J, Faghihi U, Fardshad MNG, Corno G, Iceta S, St-Pierre MJ, Bouchard S. When Eating Intuitively Is Not Always a Positive Response: Using Machine Learning to Better Unravel Eaters Profiles. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5172. [PMID: 37629214 PMCID: PMC10455794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to identify eaters profiles using the latest advantages of Machine Learning approach to cluster analysis. METHODS A total of 317 participants completed an online-based survey including self-reported measures of body image dissatisfaction, bulimia, restraint, and intuitive eating. Analyses were conducted in two steps: (a) identifying an optimal number of clusters, and (b) validating the clustering model of eaters profile using a procedure inspired by the Causal Reasoning approach. RESULTS This study reveals a 7-cluster model of eaters profiles. The characteristics, needs, and strengths of each eater profile are discussed along with the presentation of a continuum of eaters profiles. CONCLUSIONS This conceptualization of eaters profiles could guide the direction of health education and treatment interventions targeting perceptual and eating dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Sciences de l’Éducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Usef Faghihi
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et d’Informatique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3063, Ringuet, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Mahan Najafpour Ghazvini Fardshad
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et d’Informatique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3063, Ringuet, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Giulia Corno
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Sciences de l’Éducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée St-Pierre
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Sciences de l’Éducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283, Boul Alexandre-Taché, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, Canada
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Albajri E, Naseeb M. Sex differences in intuitive eating and its relationship with body mass index among adults aged 18-40 years in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1214480. [PMID: 37538925 PMCID: PMC10395086 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intuitive eating (IE) is eating without judgment, relying only on physiological hunger and satiety. Sex differences in IE have been reported; however, none of the studies have explicitly examined IE and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) in the Saudi Arabian population. Thus, this study aimed to investigate sex differences in IE and its relationship with BMI in the Saudi population. Subjects/methods A cross-sectional online survey of 360 participants (18 years or older) with self-reported weight and height was conducted. IE was measured using the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). Separate multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine if total IE and its subscale scores differed across sexes. It was also conducted to assess the relationship between IE and BMI across sexes. Results Women had higher total IE score, eating for physical rather than emotional reasons (EPR), and body-food choice congruence (BFCC) scores compared to men (p = 0.013, p = 0.01, p <0.001, respectively). The analysis showed a significant negative association between total IE, BFCC, EPR scores, and BMI in women compared to men (p = 0.023, p = 0.01, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion The data on the sex differences in IE and its subscales and their different association with BMI encourage tailing nutrition-related recommendations in the context of intuitive eating based on sexes. Future studies are needed to explore how intuitive eating functions differently in women compared to men and explore the causal relationship between IE and BMI in this population.
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Małachowska A, Gębski J, Jeżewska-Zychowicz M. Childhood Food Experiences and Selected Eating Styles as Determinants of Diet Quality in Adulthood-A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102256. [PMID: 37242139 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Available studies suggest that childhood food experiences (CFE) may be linked with eating behaviors in adulthood, as well as eating style (ES); thus, both CFE and ES can determine dietary intake. Little is known about the role of both of these factors in explaining the diet quality (DQ) of adults. The aim was to investigate to what extent selected ESs, i.e., intuitive (IE), restrained (ResEat), and external (ExtEat) eating, and CFE related to parental feeding practices (PFPs) will predict the DQ of women and men. Data from 708 Polish adults (477 women and 231 men) aged 18-65 were collected via the Internet from October 2022 to January 2023. Mann-Whitney's U Test was used to compare ES and CFE levels among women and men, while DQ determinants were tested with the multiple linear regression (MLR). In the total study sample, "Healthy Eating Guidance" (CFE), "Child Control" (CFE), "Body-Food Choice Congruence" (IE), and ResEat favored higher DQ scores, while "Unconditional Permission to Eat" (IE), "Eating for Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons" (IE), and ExtEat predisposed to lower DQ scores. After the MLR was conducted separately in women and men, differences were noted in the role of "Healthy Eating Guidance" (CFE), "Pressure and Food Reward" (CFE), "Unconditional Permission to Eat" (IE), "Eating for Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons" (IE), ExtEat, and ResEat in predicting DQ indices. Our findings suggest that childhood food experiences and selected eating styles may differently determine the DQ of women and men. Future studies conducted within representative samples are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Małachowska
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gębski
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Jeżewska-Zychowicz
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Markey CH, Strodl E, Aimé A, McCabe M, Rodgers R, Sicilia A, Coco GL, Dion J, Mellor D, Pietrabissa G, Gullo S, Granero‐Gallegos A, Probst M, Maïano C, Bégin C, Alcaraz‐Ibáñez M, Blackburn M, Caltabiano ML, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G, Hayami‐Chisuwa N, He Q, Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz M. A survey of eating styles in eight countries: Examining restrained, emotional, intuitive eating and their correlates. Br J Health Psychol 2023; 28:136-155. [PMID: 35942590 PMCID: PMC10086804 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restrained, emotional and intuitive eating were examined in relation to each other and as correlates of participants' weight status, body image and self-esteem. In some past research, restrained and emotional eating have been associated with higher weight status and poorer mental health, while intuitive eating is more frequently linked to lower weight status and more positive well-being. However, these eating styles have rarely been examined together and never in a large cross-country sample. METHOD Six-thousand two-hundred and seventy-two (6272) emerging adults (M age = 21.54 years, SD = 3.13) completed scales from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and provided weight and height information that was used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Participants resided in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United States and provided information using an online survey. RESULTS Path analyses for the entire sample revealed significant pathways between higher intuitive eating and higher body satisfaction and self-esteem, and lower BMIs among participants. Higher levels of restrained and emotional eating were associated with lower body satisfaction and self-esteem, and higher BMIs among participants. Minor cross-country differences were evident in these patterns of relations, but intuitive eating emerged as a consistent predictor across countries. CONCLUSION Overall, findings suggest that efforts should be made to increase intuitive eating among emerging adults and to support individual and macrolevel interventions to decrease restrained and emotional eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H. Markey
- Department of Psychology, Health Sciences CenterRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and CounsellingQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and PsychologyUniversité du Québec en OutaouaisSaint‐JérômeQCCanada
| | - Marita McCabe
- School of Health SciencesSwinburne UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Rachel Rodgers
- Department of Applied PsychologyNorth Eastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute CareLapeyronie Hospital, CHRU MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Alvaro Sicilia
- Health Research Centre and Department of EducationUniversity of AlmeriaAlmeriaSpain
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human MovementUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Department of Health SciencesUniversite du Quebec a ChicoutimiChicoutimiQCCanada
| | - David Mellor
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe HospitalOggebbioItaly
- Department of PsychologyCatholic University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human MovementUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | - Michel Probst
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and PsychologyUniversité du Québec en OutaouaisSaint‐JérômeQCCanada
| | | | | | | | | | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe HospitalOggebbioItaly
- Department of PsychologyCatholic University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe HospitalOggebbioItaly
- Department of PsychologyCatholic University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Naomi Hayami‐Chisuwa
- Graduate School of Human Life and EcologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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11
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Monthuy-Blanc J, Corno G, Bouchard S, St-Pierre MJ, Bourbeau F, Mostefa-Kara L, Therrien É, Rousseau M. Body perceptions, occupations, eating attitudes, and behaviors emerged during the pandemic: An exploratory cluster analysis of eaters profiles. Front Psychol 2022; 13:949373. [PMID: 36544438 PMCID: PMC9762356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.949373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted people's mental and physical health. Three areas have been significantly impacted, among others: eating-related behaviors, occupational balance, and exposure to self-image due to videoconferencing. This study aims to explore and document eaters profiles that were reported during the pandemic in the general Canadian population using a holistic perspective, including body perceptions, attitudes, and eating behaviors (i.e., body image, behaviors, attitudes, and motivations regarding food), and occupations (i.e., physical activity and cooking). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2020. Two hundred and seventy-three Canada's residents, French speaking of 18 years of age and older, participated in an online survey on behaviors, attitudes, and motivations regarding food and eating as well as body image and occupations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to determine the eaters profiles. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were conducted to differentiate occupational characteristics between eaters profiles. Results Three distinctive profiles were found during the COVID-19 pandemic and could be placed on a continuum: the Congruent-driven eater is at the functional pole of the continuum, whereas the Incongruent-driven eater is at the dysfunctional pole of the eaters continuum. In the middle of the continuum, the Incongruent-perceptual eater is at a critical crossing point. Significant differences were reported between eaters profiles. Discussion The empirical results based on an eaters continuum conceptualization highlight the importance of understanding how people perceive their body to assess and promote food well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Giulia Corno
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Cyberpsychologie Clinique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Cyberpsychologie Clinique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée St-Pierre
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francisca Bourbeau
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Leïla Mostefa-Kara
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émie Therrien
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Rousseau
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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12
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KOÇAK Ö, YILDIRIM Y, ŞARER YÜREKLİ B. The relationship between intuitive eating and eating attitude and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. EGE TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.1167421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) hastalarında sezgisel yemenin yeme tutumu ve glisemik kontrol ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini; 18 Kasım 2019 – 12 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Bilim Dalı Polikliniği’ne gelen T2DM tanılı ve dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 385 birey oluşturmuştur. Çalışma verileri; bireylerin demografik bilgilerine, sağlık bilgilerine ve biyokimyasal verilerine yönelik sorular ile Sezgisel Yeme Ölçeği (IES-2) ve Yeme Tutum Testinin (EAT-26) yer aldığı bir form kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 59,12±9,78 olup %62,6’sı kadındı. Sezgisel yeme ile bireylerin vücut ağırlığı, BKİ değeri, bel çevresi ve trigliserit değeri arasında istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). EAT-26 puanı ile IES-2 alt ölçeklerinden olan “duygusal sebeplerden ziyade fiziksel sebeplerle yeme” alt ölçeği arasında istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki belirlendi (p<0,05). Ayrıca EAT-26 puanı ile “açlık ve tokluk işaretlerine güven” alt ölçeği arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda; sezgisel yeme ile T2DM’li bireylerin antropometrik ölçümleri, trigliserit değerleri ve yeme tutumları arasında zayıf düzeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sezgisel yemenin yeme tutumu ve glisemik kontrol ile arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini daha iyi belirleyebilmek için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem KOÇAK
- Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kronik Hastalıklar Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin YILDIRIM
- Ege Üniversitesi, Hemşirelik Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Banu ŞARER YÜREKLİ
- Ege Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Bilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye
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13
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Scoffier-Meriaux S, Paquet Y. The Self-Regulation of Eating Attitudes in Sport Scale: Defining an Optimal Regulation Zone. Front Psychol 2022; 13:905277. [PMID: 35936299 PMCID: PMC9351712 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the hypothesis of a Zone of Optimal Regulation of Eating Attitudes in Sport (ZOREAS). The ZOREAS refers to a band, or zone within which athletes are most likely to optimize eating attitude regulation which should be associated with a low level of disordered eating. Scores outside this zone indicate a risk factor for eating disorders. One hundred and eleven volunteer athletes were recruited. Two variables were assessed: self-regulation of eating in sport, and eating attitudes and behaviors, measured with the French Self-Regulatory Eating Attitude in Sports Scale (SREASS), and the French version of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), respectively. Correlational analyses and an ANOVA were run. As expected, we observed a negative relationship between scores for the self-regulation of eating, and disordered eating attitudes in the sports context. To better-determine the ZOREAS, we ran a one-way ANOVA, which was significant for disordered eating attitudes. The plot of the interaction confirmed three trends: a high level of disordered eating attitudes (EAT scores over 20) is associated with a high level of self-regulation of eating attitudes (SREASS scores over 24); a medium level of disordered eating attitudes is associated with a low level of self-regulation of eating attitudes (SREASS scores under 19); a low level of disordered eating attitudes is associated with a medium level of self-regulation of eating attitudes (SREASS scores between 19 and 24). Thus, the ZOREAS was determined to be SREASS scores within the range 19–24. The ZOREAS may be useful to sports psychology practitioners who work with athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvan Paquet
- Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
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14
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Campos MB, Menezes IHCF, Peixoto MDRG, Schincaglia RM. Intuitive eating in general aspects of eating behaviors in individuals with obesity: Randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nunes CL, Carraça EV, Jesus F, Finlayson G, Francisco R, Silva MN, Santos I, Bosy-Westphal A, Martins P, Minderico C, Sardinha LB, Silva AM. Changes in food reward and intuitive eating after weight loss and maintenance in former athletes with overweight or obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1004-1014. [PMID: 35347875 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the following: 1) the impact of Champ4Life's intervention on intuitive eating and food reward; and 2) associations between changes in eating behavior and changes in body composition. METHODS A total of 94 former athletes (mean [SD], BMI = 31.1 [4.3] kg/m2 , age = 43.0 [9.4] years, 34% female) assigned to intervention (n = 49) and control groups (n = 45) underwent 4 months of active weight loss (WL) followed by 8 months of WL maintenance. Intuitive eating and food reward were assessed by the Intuitive Eating Scale and the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS The WL was -4.8% (4.9%) and 0.3% (2.6%) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. Participants reported a decrease in fat bias for explicit/implicit wanting and explicit liking after 4 months and 1 year. For intuitive eating, the unconditional permission to eat decreased after 4 months, and the body-food choice congruence increased after 1 year. Changes in unconditional permission to eat and in body-food choice congruence were positively and negatively associated with both Δweight and with Δfat mass, respectively. Changes in explicit wanting for fat and taste bias were associated with Δweight. CONCLUSIONS Food reward decreased after a moderate WL intervention. Participants successfully maintained their reduced weight, and most of the changes in eating behavior remained significant at the end of the follow-up period. Lifestyle interventions aiming at WL should also consider intuitive eating and food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina L Nunes
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Eliana V Carraça
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES): Lusophone University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Jesus
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rúben Francisco
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Marlene N Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES): Lusophone University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Programa Nacional para a Promoção da Atividade Física, Direcção-Geral da Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES): Lusophone University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paulo Martins
- Laboratory of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Minderico
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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Teas E, Kimiecik J, Ward RM, Timmerman K. Intuitive Eating and Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:412-421. [PMID: 35534099 PMCID: PMC9097336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine whether exercise and diet motivation are associated with 4 biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Data collection involved questionnaires, blood draws, body composition assessments, and accelerometry. SETTING Small, midwestern college town. PARTICIPANTS Community older adults (≥ 58 years of age; n = 79) recruited through convenience sampling; the sample was representative of the population of interest for some demographic characteristics (eg, age and sex) but not representative of other characteristics (eg, level of activity). VARIABLES MEASURED Independent variables comprised self-reported intrinsic exercise motivation (Behavioral Regulation for Exercise Questionnaire-3) and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2). Dependent variables included inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) and lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) quantified from blood samples. Covariates included age, body mass index, sex, and objective physical activity measured by accelerometers worn for 7 days. ANALYSIS Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between diet and exercise motivation and biomarker outcomes; we analyzed 4 regression models (1 for each biomarker). Significance level P < 0.05. RESULTS Greater intuitive eating was associated with a lower low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (β = -0.45, P = 0.001) and lower triglycerides (β = -0.37, P = 0.003). Intrinsic exercise motivation was not associated with the biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intuitive eating may be a key determinant of certain biomarkers and could be a viable target for interventions to help decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
| | - Jay Kimiecik
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Kyle Timmerman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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Lovan P, George F, Campa A, Huffman F, Coccia C. The Effect of Mood Change and Intuitive Eating Skills on Self-Regulation of Food Intake among Undergraduate College Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2048748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Lovan P, George F, Coccia C. Calorie Compensation and Self-Regulation of Food Intake in College Students. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:311-319. [PMID: 35400396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine self-regulation of food intake among college students. DESIGN Randomized cross-over study completed between September and November, 2019. SETTING A large public university, Florida International University in South Florida. PARTICIPANTS A total of 60 undergraduate college students, mean age of 19.8 ± 1.43 years old, 62% female, 74% Hispanic, 76% White. INTERVENTION(S) Participants attended 2 trials 1 week apart. During each visit, students were offered a preload drink (either 0 or 210 kcal) followed by a buffet-style lunch. Food intake was estimated using weights and pictures of the plates before and after eating and was compared between the 2 sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Self-regulation by calculating compensation indices (COMPX) and their correlation with students' body mass index (BMI). ANALYSIS Intake differences were examined using Welch and t tests. Regression analysis was used to assess correlations. RESULTS Students exhibited the ability to calorie compensate when intake is manipulated with a mean COMPX of 95.57 ± 71.19. No score was perfect. There was a significant correlation between BMI and COMPX scores (F = 10.71, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.292). Food choices differed between different BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Participants showed some degree of self-regulation, which suggests opportunities for creating effective interventions to improve health status and promote a more sustainable method to control consumption among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Lovan
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Florence George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Catherine Coccia
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL.
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Koçyiğit E, Uzunlar EA, Özer ŞD, Zakkour HK, Akbulut G. The relationship between intuitive eating, eating disorders, and body image perceptions in young adult women. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The term intuitive eating is a new concept that has emerged in recent years. It is a way of eating that is based on responding to the body’s natural signals of hunger and satiety. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between intuitive eating and eating disorders and body image perception in young adult women. METHODS: The study was conducted with 400 women aged 19–35 years. The data were collected with the Figure Rating Scale, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), and the Eating Attitude Test-26. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was significantly higher in individuals who misperceived their body image. While 51.4% of the participants with normal eating behavior had appropriate body image perception, 38.8% of the participants with abnormal eating behavior had appropriate body image perception. The IES-2 total score was significantly lower in women with abnormal eating behavior and overweight/obese women. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that intuitive eating is negatively associated with abnormal eating behavior and obesity in young adult women and that women with low intuitive eating inclinations misperceived their body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koçyiğit
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara/Turkey
| | - Elif Adanur Uzunlar
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trabzon/Turkey
| | - Şehriban Duyar Özer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara/Turkey
| | - Hazal Küçükkaraca Zakkour
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Samsun/Turkey
| | - Gamze Akbulut
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara/Turkey
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20
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Caferoglu Z, Toklu H. Intuitive eating: associations with body weight status and eating attitudes in dietetic majors. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:683-692. [PMID: 33978953 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intuitive eating (IE), an adaptive eating pattern characterized by eating in response to physiological hunger and satiety cues, has been associated with positive psychosocial and physical health outcomes. This study aimed to determine associations between IE behavior with body weight status and eating attitudes in dietetic students and dietitians, who are a risky population for disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. METHODS Participants (n = 785) completed a self-administered questionnaire which featured socio-demographic characteristics, the eating attitudes test 26, the three-factor eating questionnaire, and the intuitive eating scale-2 with four facets unconditional permission to eat (UPE), eating for physical rather than emotional reasons (EPR), reliance on hunger and satiety cues (RHSC) and body-food choice congruence (B-FCC). RESULTS When controlled for potential covariates in the multivariate regression analysis, greater total IE and all subscale scores were associated with reduced BMI in dietetic majors having a BMI of ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 (p < 0.05). Participants with a high IE score had 41%, 74%, and 89% lower risk of developing an eating disorder, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating, respectively (p < 0.001). While higher UPE, EPR, and RHSC scores were associated with lower odds of disordered eating (p < 0.001), EPR, RHSC, and B-FCC scores were inversely related to the risk of uncontrolled eating and emotional eating (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Considering these inverse associations, IE may be helpful for weight management and a useful skill to reduce eating disorder symptomatology among the dietetic community. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Caferoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Toklu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
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21
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Wortmann HR, Gisch UA, Warschburger P. Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK). Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Baer NR, Zoellick JC, Deutschbein J, Anton V, Bergmann MM, Schenk L. Dietary preferences in the context of intra-couple dynamics: Relationship types within the German NutriAct family cohort. Appetite 2021; 167:105625. [PMID: 34364966 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To promote healthy diets in older age, a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing dietary behaviour and underlying preferences is essential. Romantic relationships are focal socialisation contexts, in which diet-related preferences and practices are dynamically negotiated. Our aim was to reconstruct intra-couple dynamics shaping dietary preferences and comparatively analyse relationship types among older couples. Data basis was the NutriAct Family Study - a German web-based cohort. Analyses were based on three a priori defined relationship types: 1) both partners' mutual adaptation of dietary preferences (symmetrical convergence), 2) unilateral adaptation (asymmetrical convergence) and 3) persistence of individual preferences. Relationship types were, among others, comparatively analysed using ANOVAs. Intra-couple dynamics within the asymmetrical convergence type were measured by multivariate logistic regression. The dyadic sample consisted of 398 couples resp. N = 796 individuals aged 63.99 years (SD = 6.15). All three relationship types were identified (symmetrical convergence: n = 62, 15.6 %; asymmetrical convergence: n = 199, 50.0 %; persistence: n = 137, 34.4 %). Within the asymmetrical convergence type, women were more likely to take a dominant role compared to their male partners (OR: 24.40; 95%CI: 14.37-41.41). This study demonstrates the fundamental influence of intra-couple dynamics on individual dietary preferences, whereby traditional gender roles have shown to play a central moderating role. Our study findings are relevant for the development and implementation of public health (nutrition) strategies, since they highlight the importance of understanding dietary preferences as jointly constructed and shaped in the intra-couple context, rather than as isolated, individually developed ones. In this context, future research directions and practical implications targeting not only individuals but involving couples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja-Raphaela Baer
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan C Zoellick
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Deutschbein
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Anton
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Research, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Linardon J, Tylka TL, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Intuitive eating and its psychological correlates: A meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1073-1098. [PMID: 33786858 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intuitive eating is an adaptive style of eating that has generated significant research attention. Theoretically, intuitive eating is a core construct that features prominently in the Acceptance Model of Intuitive Eating, a framework that explains how positive environmental influences can foster intuitive eating practices via body appreciation. Empirically, intuitive eating has been connected to a broad range of adaptive mental health indices. At present, a quantitative synthesis of intuitive eating and its correlates has yet to be conducted. This was the objective of the current meta-analysis. METHOD Ninety-seven studies (89% cross-sectional) were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted on 23 psychological correlates, divided into three clusters: eating behavior and body image disturbances, positive body image and other adaptive factors, and general psychopathology. Meta-analytic path analyses were also computed to test the validity of the Acceptance Model. RESULTS Intuitive eating was inversely associated with multiple indices of eating pathology, body image disturbances, and psychopathology (rs = -.23 to -.58). Intuitive eating was positively associated with numerous positive psychological constructs, such as positive body image, self-esteem, and wellbeing (rs = .20 to .58). Men reported higher levels of intuitive eating than women (d = 0.39), with differences being largest in Caucasian samples. Meta-analytic path analyses strongly supported the hypothesized pathways specified in the Acceptance Model of Intuitive Eating. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong evidence base for intuitive eating's connection to numerous adaptive psychological constructs. Attention should now shift toward prospective and experimental designs so that the temporal nature of these relationships can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Caferoglu Z, Toklu H. Orthorexia Nervosa in Turkish dietitians and dietetic students. Encephale 2021; 48:13-19. [PMID: 33814168 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is characterized by a pathological obsession with healthy eating, and dietetic majors may have a potential risk of developing ON due to their occupation that necessitates consideration of optimal food choices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ON among a large sample of dietitians and dietetic students in Turkey and to investigate the association of ON with socio-demographic features and eating attitudes within the whole sample. METHODS Participants (n=1429) completed a self-administered online survey that featured socio-demographic characteristics, the Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (ORTO-11), and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Scores on the ORTO-11 and EAT-26 determined the prevalence of ON and disordered eating behaviors, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of ON among Turkish dietetic majors was 59.8% with a higher ratio in dietetic students (63.8%) than dietitians (52.9%) (P<0.001). While graduation was associated with 33.1% lower odds of ON (P=0.006), eating disorders could increase the ON risk approximately five times (P<0.001). Furthermore, the greater total and subscale (dieting, bulimia, and oral control) scores of EAT-26 were associated with higher ON tendency (P<0.001), even after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may shed light on the relevance of developing strategies to reduce the prevalence of ON in the dietetic population but need to be supported by further longitudinal and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Caferoglu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - H Toklu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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25
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Schmalbach I, Schmalbach B, Zenger M, Petrowski K, Beutel M, Hilbert A, Brähler E. Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2021; 12:649867. [PMID: 33776874 PMCID: PMC7994521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire (SREBQ) is an economical way of assessing an individual's self-regulatory abilities regarding eating behavior. Such scales are needed in the German population; therefore, the purpose of the present study was the translation and validation of a German version of the SREBQ. Method: First, we conducted a pilot study (Study 1; N = 371) after the translation procedure. Second, we assessed the final scale in a representative sample of the German population (Sample 2; N = 2,483) and its underlying factor structure. Further, we tested for measurement invariance and evaluated the SREBQ's associations with related scales to explore convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, we considered differences in SREBQ based on sociodemographic variables and provided derived reference scores (norm values). Results: Factor analysis revealed deficiencies in the original model. Thus, we shortened the scale based on statistical considerations and the adapted version showed improved fit in Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability. We also found evidence for partial strict invariance, which means the measure is equivalent for the tested groups of age and gender. Item and scale psychometric properties of the shortened version were satisfactory. In terms of diagnostic validity, it was shown that individuals with higher body mass index (kg/m2) have worse self-regulation of eating behavior than those with lower. Conclusion: In sum, the SREBQ evidenced good validity and reliability and is suitable for application in medical, psychological, and nutritional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Schmalbach
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Research Group Applied Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bjarne Schmalbach
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Applied Human Studies, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Stendal, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Abteilung für Innere Medizin III, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Beutel
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Haynes PL, Apolinar GR, Mayer C, Kobayashi U, Silva GE, Glickenstein DA, Thomson CA, Quan SF. Inconsistent social rhythms are associated with abdominal adiposity after involuntary job loss: An observational study. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:208-216. [PMID: 33841890 PMCID: PMC8019278 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Unemployment is an established risk factor for obesity. However, few studies have examined obesity-related health behavior after involuntary job loss specifically. Job loss confers a disruption in daily time structure that could lead to negative metabolic and psychological outcomes through chronobiological mechanisms. This study examines whether individuals with unstable social rhythms after involuntary job loss present with higher abdominal adiposity than individuals with more consistent social rhythms and whether this relationship varies as a function of depressive symptoms. Methods Cross-sectional baseline data (n = 191) from the ongoing Assessing Daily Activity Patterns in occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study were analyzed using linear regression techniques. Participants completed the Social Rhythm Metric-17 (SRM) daily over 2 weeks. They also completed the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and participated in standardized waist circumference measurements (cm). Results A significant interaction emerged between SRM and BDI-II demonstrating that less consistent social rhythms were associated with larger waist circumference at lower levels of depressive symptoms. Additional exploratory analyses demonstrated a positive association between the number of daily activities performed alone and waist circumference when controlling for symptoms of depression. Conclusion These findings are the first to demonstrate a relationship between social rhythm stability and abdominal adiposity in adults who have recently, involuntarily lost their jobs. Results highlight the moderating role of depressive symptoms on daily routine in studies of metabolic health. Future prospective analysis is necessary to examine causal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Haynes
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Gabriella R Apolinar
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Candace Mayer
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Ume Kobayashi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | | | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson Arizona USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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27
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Strodl E, Markey C, Aimé A, Rodgers RF, Dion J, Coco GL, Gullo S, McCabe M, Mellor D, Granero-Gallegos A, Sicilia A, Castelnuovo G, Probst M, Maïano C, Manzoni GM, Begin C, Blackburn ME, Pietrabissa G, Alcaraz-Ibánez M, Hayami-Chisuwa N, He Q, Caltabiano ML, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. A cross-country examination of emotional eating, restrained eating and intuitive eating: Measurement Invariance across eight countries. Body Image 2020; 35:245-254. [PMID: 33147542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the measurement invariance of three scales that assessed emotional eating, restrained eating, and intuitive eating across eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United States) in order to determine their suitability for cross-country body image research. A total of 6272 young adults took part in this study. Participants completed an online survey including the Emotional Eating subscale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 21, the Restraint subscale of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, and the Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues subscale of The Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate potential cross-country differences in functioning of the measures. Partial invariance for all three scales was found, with only minor levels of non-invariance identified. Multiple indicator multiple cause models identified BMI and gender as potential influences on scores for these measures. Sources of invariance across groups are discussed, as well as implications for further substantive research across countries involving these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Charlotte Markey
- Department of Psychology, Health Sciences Centre, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme (Québec), Canada.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France.
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Quebec a Chicoutimi, 555, boul. De l'universite, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 2BI, Canada.
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 15 Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, edificio 15 Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Marita McCabe
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Burwood Road, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia.
| | - David Mellor
- Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
| | - Antonio Granero-Gallegos
- Health Research Centre and Department of Education, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Sicilia
- Health Research Centre and Department of Education, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Strada Cadorna 90, 28824, Oggebbio (VB), Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Michel Probst
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N4Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Canada.
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Strada Cadorna 90, 28824, Oggebbio (VB), Italy; Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Via Isimbardi, 10, 22060, Novedrate (CO), Italy.
| | - Catherine Begin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, 2325 Allee des Bibliotheques, Quebec, GIV OA6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Eve Blackburn
- ECOBES-Research and Transfer, Cegep de Jonquiere, 2505, Saint-Hubert Street, Jonquiere, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Strada Cadorna 90, 28824, Oggebbio (VB), Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuel Alcaraz-Ibánez
- Health Research Centre and Department of Education, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Naomi Hayami-Chisuwa
- Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China.
| | - Marie L Caltabiano
- School of Psychology, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland, 4870, Australia.
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28
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Payne L, Harris P, Ghio D, Slodkowska-Barabasz J, Sutcliffe M, Kelly J, Stroud M, Little P, Yardley L, Morrison L. Beliefs about inevitable decline among home-living older adults at risk of malnutrition: a qualitative study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:841-851. [PMID: 32840942 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 14% of free-living adults aged ≥65 years are at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition screen and treat interventions in primary care are few, show mixed results, and the advice given is not always accepted and followed. We need to better understand the experiences and contexts of older adults when aiming to develop interventions that are engaging, optimally persuasive and relevant. METHODS Using the Person-based Approach, we carried out 23 semi-structured interviews with purposively selected adults ≥65 years with chronic health or social conditions associated with malnutrition risk. Thematic analysis informed the development of key principles to guide planned intervention development. RESULTS We found that individuals' beliefs about an inevitable decline in appetite and eating in older age compound the many and varied physical and physiological barriers that they experience. Also, we found that expectations of decline in appetite and physical ability may encourage resignation, reduce self-efficacy to overcome barriers, and reduce motivation to address weight loss and/or recognise it as an issue that needs to be addressed. Fear of loss of independence may also reduce the likelihood of asking general practitioners for advice. CONCLUSIONS The key findings identified include a sense of resignation, multiple different barriers to eating and a need for independence, each underpinned by the expectation of a decline in older adulthood. Interventions need to address misperceptions about the inevitability of decline, highlight how and why diet recommendations are somewhat different from recommendations for the general population, and suggest easy ways to increase food intake that address common barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Payne
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Harris
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D Ghio
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Slodkowska-Barabasz
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Sutcliffe
- Dietetics Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J Kelly
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Stroud
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - P Little
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Yardley
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L Morrison
- Centre for Clinical and Community Applications of Health Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Ruzanska UA, Warschburger P. How is intuitive eating related to self-reported and laboratory food intake in middle-aged adults? Eat Behav 2020; 38:101405. [PMID: 32599465 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As intuitive eating (IE) is characterized by eating in response to internal cues of hunger and satiety and by monitoring the effect of food on the body, it has been hypothesized to lead to healthy food intake. Evidence concerning its link to food intake is scarce. This experimental study investigated the relationship between IE and food intake in middle-aged adults. Fifty-five participants aged 50-70 years completed the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 to measure IE. Usual consumption frequency of fruits, vegetables, snacks and sweets was assessed as a measure of healthy self-reported food intake. A taste test of apples, carrots, coated peanuts and chocolate was conducted as a measure of healthy and total laboratory food intake. Regression analyses were performed using Frequentist and Bayesian methods of inference. In line with our hypothesis, IE was associated with healthier self-reported food intake (medium effect size: f2 = 0.24). The data were 49.80 times more likely under H1 than under H0. Contrary to our hypotheses, IE was neither associated with healthy nor total laboratory food intake in classical regression analyses. The accompanying Bayes factors revealed inconclusive evidence. Data only allow drawing cautious conclusions about the different relationship between IE and the self-reported consumption frequency of the foods vs. the amount of these foods consumed in a single test situation. Future studies combining different measures of IE (e.g., behavioral paradigms) and self-reported (e.g., diet quality, portion sizes) and laboratory (e.g., repeated taste tests with pre-selected foods) food intake are warranted to further explore their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Alexandra Ruzanska
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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30
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Sorensen MD, Arlinghaus KR, Ledoux TA, Johnston CA. Integrating Mindfulness Into Eating Behaviors. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 13:537-539. [PMID: 31662716 PMCID: PMC6796218 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619867626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Food choices and eating behaviors are influenced by a wide variety of factors. However, traditional dietary advice primarily addresses health-related reasons for eating. Lifestyle medicine outcomes may be improved by helping individuals become more aware of why they eat and support individuals to increase their skills in reconciling eating for health and nonhealth purposes. Intuitive eating aims to increase individuals' awareness of why, what, and how much they eat through mindfulness. This framework and concepts such as flexible restraint can be used to teach individuals skills that may help them improve psychological well-being and manage their weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith D. Sorensen
- University of Houston, Texas (MDS, KRA, TAL)
- Department of Health and Human Performance,
University of Houston, Texas (CAJ)
| | - Katherine R. Arlinghaus
- University of Houston, Texas (MDS, KRA, TAL)
- Department of Health and Human Performance,
University of Houston, Texas (CAJ)
| | - Tracey A. Ledoux
- University of Houston, Texas (MDS, KRA, TAL)
- Department of Health and Human Performance,
University of Houston, Texas (CAJ)
| | - Craig A. Johnston
- Craig A. Johnston, PhD, Department of Health
and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX; e-mail:
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