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Weijler AM, Prickler L, Kainz V, Bergmann E, Bohle B, Regele H, Valenta R, Linhart B, Wekerle T. Adoptive Cell Therapy in Mice Sensitized to a Grass Pollen Allergen. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:48. [PMID: 38920972 PMCID: PMC11200577 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The proportion of patients with type I allergy in the world population has been increasing and with it the number of people suffering from allergic symptoms. Recently we showed that prophylactic cell therapy employing allergen-expressing bone marrow (BM) cells or splenic B cells induced allergen-specific tolerance in naïve mice. Here we investigated if cell therapy can modulate an established secondary allergen-specific immune response in pre-immunized mice. We sensitized mice against the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 and an unrelated control allergen, Bet v 1, from birch pollen before the transfer of Phl p 5-expressing BM cells. Mice were conditioned with several combinations of low-dose irradiation, costimulation blockade, rapamycin and T cell-depleting anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 in serum after cell transfer were measured via ELISA and alterations in cellular responses were measured via an in vitro proliferation assay and transplantation of Phl p 5+ skin grafts. None of the tested treatment protocols impacted Phl p 5-specific antibody levels. Transient low-level chimerism of Phl p 5+ leukocytes as well as a markedly prolonged skin graft survival were observed in mice conditioned with high numbers of Phl p 5+ BMC or no sensitization events between the day of cell therapy and skin grafting. The data presented herein demonstrate that a pre-existing secondary allergen-specific immune response poses a substantial hurdle opposing tolerization through cell therapy and underscore the importance of prophylactic approaches for the prevention of IgE-mediated allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Lisa Prickler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Verena Kainz
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Eva Bergmann
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.B.); (R.V.)
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, National Research Center (NRC), 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
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Mengrelis K, Niederacher G, Prickler L, Kainz V, Weijler AM, Rudolph E, Stanek V, Eckl-Dorna J, Baranyi U, Spittler A, Focke-Tejkl M, Bohle B, Valenta R, Becker CFW, Wekerle T, Linhart B. Coupling of a Major Allergen to the Surface of Immune Cells for Use in Prophylactic Cell Therapy for the Prevention of IgE-Mediated Allergy. Cells 2024; 13:446. [PMID: 38474409 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to a third of the world's population suffers from allergies, yet the effectiveness of available preventative measures remains, at large, poor. Consequently, the development of successful prophylactic strategies for the induction of tolerance against allergens is crucial. In proof-of-concept studies, our laboratory has previously shown that the transfer of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or autologous B cells expressing a major grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, induces robust tolerance in mice. However, eventual clinical translation would require safe allergen expression without the need for retroviral transduction. Therefore, we aimed to chemically couple Phl p 5 to the surface of leukocytes and tested their ability to induce tolerance. Phl p 5 was coupled by two separate techniques, either by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) or by linkage via a lipophilic anchor, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide (DSPE-PEG-Mal). The effectiveness was assessed in fresh and cultured Phl p 5-coupled cells by flow cytometry, image cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Chemical coupling of Phl p 5 using EDC was robust but was followed by rapid apoptosis. DSPE-PEG-Mal-mediated linkage was also strong, but antigen levels declined due to antigen internalization. Cells coupled with Phl p 5 by either method were transferred into autologous mice. While administration of EDC-coupled splenocytes together with short course immunosuppression initially reduced Phl p 5-specific antibody levels to a moderate degree, both methods did not induce sustained tolerance towards Phl p 5 upon several subcutaneous immunizations with the allergen. Overall, our results demonstrate the successful chemical linkage of an allergen to leukocytes using two separate techniques, eliminating the risks of genetic modifications. More durable surface expression still needs to be achieved for use in prophylactic cell therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mengrelis
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Prickler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Kainz
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Marianne Weijler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Rudolph
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Baranyi
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, National Research Center (NRC), 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Wekerle
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Prickler L, Baranyi U, Mengrelis K, Weijler AM, Kainz V, Kratzer B, Steiner R, Mucha J, Rudoph E, Pilat N, Bohle B, Strobl H, Pickl WF, Valenta R, Linhart B, Wekerle T. Adoptive transfer of allergen-expressing B cells prevents IgE-mediated allergy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286638. [PMID: 38077381 PMCID: PMC10703460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prophylactic strategies to prevent the development of allergies by establishing tolerance remain an unmet medical need. We previously reported that the transfer of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) expressing the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, on their cell surface induced allergen-specific tolerance in mice. In this study, we investigated the ability of allergen-expressing immune cells (dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells) to induce allergen-specific tolerance in naive mice and identified CD19+ B cells as promising candidates for allergen-specific cell therapy. Methods For this purpose, CD19+ B cells were isolated from Phl p 5-transgenic BALB/c mice and transferred to naive BALB/c mice, pre-treated with a short course of rapamycin and an anti-CD40L antibody. Subsequently, the mice were subcutaneously sensitized three times at 4-week intervals to Phl p 5 and Bet v 1 as an unrelated control allergen. Allergen-expressing cells were followed in the blood to monitor molecular chimerism, and sera were analyzed for Phl p 5- and Bet v 1-specific IgE and IgG1 levels by RBL assay and ELISA, respectively. In vivo allergen-induced lung inflammation was measured by whole-body plethysmography, and mast cell degranulation was determined by skin testing. Results The transfer of purified Phl p 5-expressing CD19+ B cells to naive BALB/c mice induced B cell chimerism for up to three months and prevented the development of Phl p 5-specific IgE and IgG1 antibody responses for a follow-up period of 26 weeks. Since Bet v 1 but not Phl p 5-specific antibodies were detected, the induction of tolerance was specific for Phl p 5. Whole-body plethysmography revealed preserved lung function in CD19+ B cell-treated mice in contrast to sensitized mice, and there was no Phl p 5-induced mast cell degranulation in treated mice. Discussion Thus, we demonstrated that the transfer of Phl p 5-expressing CD19+ B cells induces allergen-specific tolerance in a mouse model of grass pollen allergy. This approach could be further translated into a prophylactic regimen for the prevention of IgE-mediated allergy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Prickler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Baranyi
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Mengrelis
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Kainz
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romy Steiner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Mucha
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Rudoph
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried Franz Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, National Research Center (NRC), Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Xie B, Zeng D, Yang M, Tang Z, He L, Chen T. Translational Selenium Nanoparticles to Attenuate Allergic Dermatitis through Nrf2-Keap1-Driven Activation of Selenoproteins. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37428976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Easy recurrence and strong treatment side effects significantly limit the clinical treatment of allergic dermatitis. The human trace element selenium (Se) plays essential roles in redox regulation through incorporation into selenoproteins in the form of 21st necessary amino acid selenocysteine, to participates in the pathogenesis and intervention of chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, based on the safe and elemental properties of Se, we construct a facile-synthesis strategy for antiallergic selenium nanoparticles (LET-SeNPs), and scale up the production by employing a spray drying method with lactose (Lac-LET-SeNPs) or maltodextrin (Mal-LET-SeNPs) as encapsulation agents realizing larger scale production and a longer storage time. As expected, these as-prepared LET-SeNPs could effectively activate the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to enhance the expression of antioxidative selenoprotein at mRNA and protein levels, then inhibit mast cell activation to achieve efficient antiallergic activity. Interestingly, LET-SeNPs undergo metabolism to seleno-amino acids to promote biosynthesis of selenoproteins, which could suppress ROS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and MAPKs activation to suppress the release of histamine and inflammatory cytokines. Allergic mouse and Macaca fascicularis models further confirm that LET-SeNPs could increase the Se content and selenoprotein expression in the skin, decrease mast cells activation and inflammatory cells infiltration, and finally exhibit the high therapeutic effects on allergic dermatitis. Taken together, this study not only constructs facile large-scale synthesis of translational Se nanomedicine to break through the bottleneck problem of nanomaterials but also sheds light on its application in the intervention and treatment of allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Delong Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meijin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiying Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lizhen He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Allergen Preparation in AIT, Now and in the Future. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-021-00281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Akinfenwa O, Rodríguez-Domínguez A, Vrtala S, Valenta R, Campana R. Novel vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:86-99. [PMID: 33369572 PMCID: PMC7810419 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a highly economic, effective and disease-modifying form of allergy treatment but requires accurate prescription and monitoring. New molecular approaches are currently under development to improve AIT by reducing treatment-related side effects, cumbersome protocols and patients' compliance. We review the current advances regarding refined diagnosis for prescription and monitoring of AIT and the development of novel molecular vaccines for AIT. Finally, we discuss prophylactic application of AIT. RECENT FINDINGS There is evidence that molecular allergy diagnosis not only assists in the prescription and monitoring of AIT but also allows a refined selection of patients to increase the likelihood of treatment success. New data regarding the effects of AIT treatment with traditional allergen extracts by alternative routes have become available. Experimental approaches for AIT, such as virus-like particles and cell-based treatments have been described. New results from clinical trials performed with recombinant hypoallergens and passive immunization with allergen-specific antibodies highlight the importance of allergen-specific IgG antibodies for the effect of AIT and indicate opportunities for preventive allergen-specific vaccination. SUMMARY Molecular allergy diagnosis is useful for the prescription and monitoring of AIT and may improve the success of AIT. Results with molecular allergy vaccines and by passive immunization with allergen-specific IgG antibodies indicate the importance of allergen-specific IgG capable of blocking allergen recognition by IgE and IgE-mediated allergic inflammation as important mechanism for the success of AIT. New molecular vaccines may pave the road towards prophylactic allergen-specific vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Akinfenwa
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Domínguez
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dorofeeva Y, Shilovskiy I, Tulaeva I, Focke‐Tejkl M, Flicker S, Kudlay D, Khaitov M, Karsonova A, Riabova K, Karaulov A, Khanferyan R, Pickl WF, Wekerle T, Valenta R. Past, present, and future of allergen immunotherapy vaccines. Allergy 2021; 76:131-149. [PMID: 32249442 PMCID: PMC7818275 DOI: 10.1111/all.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an allergen-specific form of treatment for patients suffering from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy; the most common and important immunologically mediated hypersensitivity disease. AIT is based on the administration of the disease-causing allergen with the goal to induce a protective immunity consisting of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies and alterations of the cellular immune response so that the patient can tolerate allergen contact. Major advantages of AIT over all other existing treatments for allergy are that AIT induces a long-lasting protection and prevents the progression of disease to severe manifestations. AIT is cost effective because it uses the patient´s own immune system for protection and potentially can be used as a preventive treatment. However, broad application of AIT is limited by mainly technical issues such as the quality of allergen preparations and the risk of inducing side effects which results in extremely cumbersome treatment schedules reducing patient´s compliance. In this article we review progress in AIT made from its beginning and provide an overview of the state of the art, the needs for further development, and possible technical solutions available through molecular allergology. Finally, we consider visions for AIT development towards prophylactic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Dorofeeva
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Inna Tulaeva
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dmitriy Kudlay
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ksenja Riabova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Roman Khanferyan
- Department of Immunology and AllergyRussian People’s Friendship UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of ImmunologyCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Section of Transplantation ImmunologyDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of ImmunopathologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- National Research Center, Institute of immunology, FMBA of RussiaMoscowRussian Federation
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergyLaboratory of ImmunopathologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW More than 30 years ago, the first molecular structures of allergens were elucidated and defined recombinant allergens became available. We review the state of the art regarding molecular AIT with the goal to understand why progress in this field has been slow, although there is huge potential for treatment and allergen-specific prevention. RECENT FINDINGS On the basis of allergen structures, several AIT strategies have been developed and were advanced into clinical evaluation. In clinical AIT trials, promising results were obtained with recombinant and synthetic allergen derivatives inducing allergen-specific IgG antibodies, which interfered with allergen recognition by IgE whereas clinical efficacy could not yet be demonstrated for approaches targeting only allergen-specific T-cell responses. Available data suggest that molecular AIT strategies have many advantages over allergen extract-based AIT. SUMMARY Clinical studies indicate that recombinant allergen-based AIT vaccines, which are superior to existing allergen extract-based AIT can be developed for respiratory, food and venom allergy. Allergen-specific preventive strategies based on recombinant allergen-based vaccine approaches and induction of T-cell tolerance are on the horizon and hold promise that allergy can be prevented. However, progress is limited by lack of resources needed for clinical studies, which are necessary for the development of these innovative strategies.
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Early prevention instead of mending late damage in allergy? EBioMedicine 2019; 45:17-18. [PMID: 31255655 PMCID: PMC6642286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Curin M, Khaitov M, Karaulov A, Namazova-Baranova L, Campana R, Garib V, Valenta R. Next-Generation of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapies: Molecular Approaches. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29886521 PMCID: PMC5994214 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to discuss how allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) can be improved through molecular approaches. We provide a summary of next-generation molecular AIT approaches and of their clinical evaluation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of next generation molecular AIT forms for the treatment of severe manifestations of allergy and mention possible future molecular strategies for the secondary and primary prevention of allergy. RECENT FINDINGS AIT has important advantages over symptomatic forms of allergy treatment but its further development is limited by the quality of the therapeutic antigen preparations which are derived from natural allergen sources. The field of allergy diagnosis is currently undergoing a dramatic improvement through the use of molecular testing with defined, mainly recombinant allergens which allows high-resolution diagnosis. Several studies demonstrate that molecular testing in early childhood can predict the development of symptomatic allergy later on in life. Clinical studies indicate that molecular AIT approaches have the potential to improve therapy of allergic diseases and may be used as allergen-specific forms of secondary and eventually primary prevention for allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergololgy and Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
- International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergololgy and Immunology, Vienna, Austria.
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Gattinger P, van Hage M, Flicker S, Linhart B, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Eckl-Dorna J, Lupinek C, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Mittermann I, Garib V, Khaitov M, Valent P, Pickl WF. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:195-256. [PMID: 29731005 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immune disorder. More than 30% of the population suffer from symptoms of allergy which are often severe, disabling, and life threatening such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Population-based birth cohort studies show that up to 60% of the world population exhibit IgE sensitization to allergens, of which most are protein antigens. Thirty years ago the first allergen-encoding cDNAs have been isolated. In the meantime, the structures of most of the allergens relevant for disease in humans have been solved. Here we provide an update regarding what has been learned through the use of defined allergen molecules (i.e., molecular allergology) and about mechanisms of allergic disease in humans. We focus on new insights gained regarding the process of sensitization to allergens, allergen-specific secondary immune responses, and mechanisms underlying allergic inflammation and discuss open questions. We then show how molecular forms of diagnosis and specific immunotherapy are currently revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients and how allergen-specific approaches may be used for the preventive eradication of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch-Marat
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergology and Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Curin M, Garib V, Valenta R. Single recombinant and purified major allergens and peptides: How they are made and how they change allergy diagnosis and treatment. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 119:201-209. [PMID: 28890016 PMCID: PMC6390930 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the current knowledge regarding recombinant and purified allergens and allergen-derived peptides. Data Sources PubMed, homepages relevant to the topic, and the National Institutes of Health clinical trial database were searched. Study Selections The literature was screened for studies describing purified and recombinant allergens and allergen-derived peptides. Studies relevant to the topic were included in this review. Results Advantages and drawbacks of pure and defined recombinant allergens and peptides over allergen extracts in the context of allergy research, diagnosis, and allergen immunotherapy are discussed. We describe how these molecules are manufactured, which products are currently available on the market, and what the regulative issues are. We furthermore provide an overview of clinical studies with vaccines based on recombinant allergens and synthetic peptides. The possibility of prophylactic vaccination based on recombinant fusion proteins consisting of viral carrier proteins and allergen-derived peptides without allergenic activity are also discussed. Conclusion During the last 25 years more than several hundred allergen sequences were determined, which led to a production of recombinant allergens that mimic biochemically and immunologically their natural counterparts. Especially in Europe, recombinant allergens are increasingly replacing allergen extracts in diagnosis of allergy. Despite many challenges, such as high cost of clinical trials and regulative issues, allergy vaccines based on recombinant allergens and peptides are being developed and will likely soon be available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Viktoriya Garib
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Al-Kouba J, Wilkinson AN, Starkey MR, Rudraraju R, Werder RB, Liu X, Law SC, Horvat JC, Brooks JF, Hill GR, Davies JM, Phipps S, Hansbro PM, Steptoe RJ. Allergen-encoding bone marrow transfer inactivates allergic T cell responses, alleviating airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:85742. [PMID: 28570267 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory Th2 cell responses underlie the development and perpetuation of allergic diseases. Because these states result from immune dysregulation, established Th2 cell responses represent a significant challenge for conventional immunotherapies. New approaches that overcome the detrimental effects of immune dysregulation are required. We tested whether memory Th2 cell responses were silenced using a therapeutic approach where allergen expression in DCs is transferred to sensitized recipients using BM cells as a vector for therapeutic gene transfer. Development of allergen-specific Th2 responses and allergen-induced airway inflammation was blocked by expression of allergen in DCs. Adoptive transfer studies showed that Th2 responses were inactivated by a combination of deletion and induction of T cell unresponsiveness. Transfer of BM encoding allergen expression targeted to DCs terminated, in an allergen-specific manner, Th2 responses in sensitized recipients. Importantly, when preexisting airway inflammation was present, there was effective silencing of Th2 cell responses, airway inflammation was alleviated, and airway hyperreactivity was reversed. The effectiveness of DC-targeted allergen expression to terminate established Th2 responses in sensitized animals indicates that exploiting cell-intrinsic T cell tolerance pathways could lead to development of highly effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Al-Kouba
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew N Wilkinson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Soi-Cheng Law
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janet M Davies
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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