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Chen B, Zhou G, Chen A, Peng Q, Huang L, Liu S, Huang Y, Liu X, Wei S, Hou ZY, Li L, Qi L, Ma NF. The synchronous upregulation of a specific protein cluster in the blood predicts both colorectal cancer risk and patient immune status. Gene 2024; 930:148842. [PMID: 39134100 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial for improving patient survival rates. This study aims to identify signature molecules associated with CRC, which can serve as valuable indicators for clinical hematological screening. METHOD We have systematically searched the Human Protein Atlas database and the relevant literature for blood protein-coding genes. The CRC dataset from TCGA was used to compare the acquired genes and identify differentially expressed molecules (DEMs). Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify modules of co-expressed molecules and key molecules within the DEMs. Signature molecules of CRC were then identified from the key molecules using machine learning. These findings were further validated in clinical samples. Finally, Logistic regression was used to create a predictive model that calculated the likelihood of CRC in both healthy individuals and CRC patients. We evaluated the model's sensitivity and specificity using the ROC curve. RESULT By utilizing the CRC dataset, WGCNA analysis, and machine learning, we successfully identified seven signature molecules associated with CRC from 1478 blood protein-coding genes. These markers include S100A11, INHBA, QSOX2, MET, TGFBI, VEGFA and CD44. Analyzing the CRC dataset showed its potential to effectively discriminate between CRC and normal individuals. The up-regulated expression of these markers suggests the existence of an immune evasion mechanism in CRC patients and is strongly correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION The combined detection of the seven signature molecules in CRC can significantly enhance diagnostic efficiency and serve as a novel index for hematological screening of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingkun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guang Dong, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anming Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guang Dong, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guang Dong, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueyun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Hou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guang Dong, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, the Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guang Dong, China.
| | - Ning-Fang Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Shi X, Zhao X, Xue J, Jia E. Extracellular vesicle biomarkers in circulation for colorectal cancer detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:623. [PMID: 38778252 PMCID: PMC11110411 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We provided an overview which evaluated the diagnostic performance of circulation EV biomarkers for CRC from PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science until 21 August 2022.Weidentified 48 studies that involved 7727 participants and evaluated 162 plasma/serum individual EV biomarkers including 117 RNAs and 45 proteins, as well as 45 EV biomarker panels for CRC detection. 12 studies evaluated the diagnostic performance of EV biomarkers for early CRC. The summarized sensitivity, specificity, and AUC value of individual EV RNAs and EV RNA panels were 76%, 75%, 0.87 and 82%, 79% and 0.90, respectively. Meanwhile, those of individual EV proteins and EV protein panels were 85%, 84%, 0.92 and 87%, 83%, 0.92, respectively. These results indicated that EV biomarker panels revealed superior diagnostic performance than the corresponding individual biomarkers. In early CRC, EV biomarkers showed available diagnostic value with the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC value of 80%, 75%, and 0.89.In subgroup analyses, EV miRNAs and LncRNAs held similar diagnostic value with the sensitivity, specificity and AUC value of 75%, 78%, 0.90 and 79%, 72%, 0.83, which was highly consistent with the whole EV RNAs. Significantly, the diagnostic values of EV miRNAs in plasma were marginally higher than those based on serum. In detail, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values were 79%, 81%, and 0.92 in plasma, as well as 74%, 77%, and 0.88 in serum, respectively. Therefore, circulation EV biomarkers could be considered as a promising biomarker for the early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Clinical Epidemiology & EBM Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinru Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Erna Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Rahmati S, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk. J Transl Med 2024; 22:452. [PMID: 38741166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Garcia NA, Mellergaard M, Gonzalez-King H, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive Strategy for Identifying Extracellular Vesicle Surface Proteins as Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13326. [PMID: 37686134 PMCID: PMC10487973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder that has become a global health concern due to its increasing prevalence. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates in biomarker discovery, as they carry proteins that reflect the pathophysiological state of the liver. In this review, we developed a list of EV proteins that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. We employed a multi-step strategy that involved reviewing and comparing various sources of information. Firstly, we reviewed papers that have studied EVs proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD and papers that have studied circulating proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD. To further identify potential candidates, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to qualify each protein. Finally, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to search for candidates' localization, focusing on membrane proteins. By integrating these sources of information, we developed a comprehensive list of potential EVs membrane protein biomarkers that could aid in diagnosing and monitoring NAFLD. In conclusion, our multi-step strategy for identifying EV-based protein biomarkers for NAFLD provides a comprehensive approach that can also be applied to other diseases. The protein candidates identified through this approach could have significant implications for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tests for NAFLD and improve the management and treatment of this prevalent liver disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Zhang L, Xiao X, Hu X, Wang W, Peng L, Tang R. Expression of LRG-1 in mice with hypertensive renal damage and its significance. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:837-845. [PMID: 37587068 PMCID: PMC10930429 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term elevated blood pressure may lead to kidney damage, yet the pathogenesis of hypertensive kidney damage is still unclear. This study aims to explore the role and significance of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-1) in hypertensive renal damage through detecting the levels of LRG-1 in the serum and kidney of mice with hypertensive renal damage and its relationship with related indexes. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used in this study and randomly divided into a control group, an angiotensin II (Ang II) group, and an Ang II+irbesartan group. The control group was gavaged with physiological saline. The Ang II group was pumped subcutaneously at a rate of 1.5 mg/(kg·d) for 28 days to establish the hypertensive renal damage model in mice, and then gavaged with equivalent physiological saline. The Ang II+irbesartan group used the same method to establish the hypertensive renal damage model, and then was gavaged with irbesartan. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of LRG-1 and fibrosis-related indicators (collagen I and fibronectin) in renal tissues. ELISA was used to evaluate the level of serum LRG-1 and inflammatory cytokines in mice. The urinary protein-creatinine ratio and renal function were determined, and correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the levels of serum LRG-1, the expression of LRG-1 protein, collagen I, and fibronectin in kidney in the Ang II group were increased (all P<0.01). After treating with irbesartan, renal damage of hypertensive mice was alleviated, while the levels of LRG-1 in serum and kidney were decreased, and the expression of collagen I and fibronectin was down-regulated (all P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the level of serum LRG-1 was positively correlated with urinary protein-creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine level in hypertensive kidney damage mice. Serum level of LRG-1 was also positively correlated with serum inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive renal damage mice display elevated expression of LRG-1 in serum and kidney, and irbesartan can reduce the expression of LRG-1 while alleviating renal damage. The level of serum LRG-1 is positively correlated with the degree of hypertensive renal damage, suggesting that it may participate in the occurrence and development of hypertensive renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xueling Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Deng C, Zhong ME, Chen Y, Pan M, Xu L, Xiao Y, Gao Y, Wu B. Proteomic profiling and functional characterization of serum-derived extracellular vesicles in the mucinous and non-mucinous colon adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04851-7. [PMID: 37204515 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) is a distinct pathological subtype of colon adenocarcinoma, which is associated with a worse prognosis compared with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (AC). However, clear distinctions between MC and AC remain unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of enclosed vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are secreted by cells into surrounding tissues or into serum. The EVs could facilitate tumorigenesis by regulating tumor cell proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and evasion of immune surveillance. METHODS Quantitative proteomics analysis was performed to determine the characterization and biological differences of serum-derived EVs in two subtypes of colon adenocarcinoma (MC and AC). Serum-derived EVs from patients with MC, AC, and healthy volunteers were included in this study. The role of PLA2G2A in cell migration and invasion were evaluate with transwell assay, and its prognostic predictive value was further assessed based on TCGA database. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed 846 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in EVs from MC patients compared with those from AC patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the most prominent protein cluster included those involved in cell migration and the tumor microenvironment. Overexpression of PLA2G2A, one of the key EV proteins upregulated in patients with MC, in colon cancer cell line SW480 promoted the cell invasion and migration ability. In addition, the high level of PLA2G2A is associated with poor prognosis of colon cancer patients harboring BRAF mutations. Further, after EV stimulation, proteomic analysis of recipient SW480 cells showed that MC-derived EVs activated multiple cancer-related pathways, including the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, and might promote the malignancy of mucinous adenocarcinoma through these pathways. CONCLUSIONS The identification of differential protein profiles between MC and AC helps to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of MC pathogenesis. The PLA2G2A in EVs is a potential prognostic predictive marker for those patients harboring with BRAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolin Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min-Er Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology &, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology &, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanpan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology &, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Aghamaliyev U, Su K, Weniger M, Koch D, D'Haese JG, Werner J, Bazhin AV. SPOCK2 gene expression is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and correlates with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04845-5. [PMID: 37188984 PMCID: PMC10374688 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a widespread form of malignant pancreatic neoplasms and a leading oncologic cause of death in Europe and the USA. Despite advances in understanding its molecular biology, the 5-year survival rate remains low at 10%. The extracellular matrix in PDAC contains proteins, including SPOCK2, which are essential for tumorigenicity and drug resistance. The present study aims to explore the possible role of SPOCK2 in the pathogenesis of PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of SPOCK2 was evaluated in 7 PDAC cell lines and 1 normal pancreatic cell line using quantitative RT-PCR. Demethylation of the gene was carried out using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment with subsequent validation Western Blot analysis. In vitro downregulation of SPOCK2 gene was performed using siRNA transfection. MTT and transwell assays were employed to evaluate the impact of the SPOK2 demethylation on the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. KM Plotter was applied to analyze a correlation between SPOCK2 mRNA expression and the survival of PDAC patients. RESULTS In contrast to the normal pancreatic cell line, SPOCK2 expression was significantly downregulated in PDAC cell lines. Treatment with 5-aza-dC, led to increase in SPOCK2 expression in the cell lines tested. Importantly, compared with control cells, transfected with SPOCK2 siRNA cells exhibited increased growth rates and more migration ability. Finally, we demonstrated that a high SPOCK2 expression level correlated with longer overall survival of patients with PDAC. CONCLUSION The expression of SPOCK2 is downregulated in PDAC as a result of hypermethylation of its corresponding gene. SPOCK2 expression as well as the demethylation of its gene could be a potential marker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ughur Aghamaliyev
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaifeng Su
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weniger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Koch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan G D'Haese
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany.
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Xiong L, Wei Y, Jia Q, Chen J, Chen T, Yuan J, Pi C, Liu H, Tang J, Yin S, Zuo Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Yang H, Zhao L. The application of extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer metastasis and drug resistance: recent advances and trends. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:143. [PMID: 37120534 PMCID: PMC10148416 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high incidence and mortality rates and is one of the most common cancers of the digestive tract worldwide. Metastasis and drug resistance are the main causes of cancer treatment failure. Studies have recently suggested extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel mechanism for intercellular communication. They are vesicular particles, which are secreted and released into biological fluids, such as blood, urine, milk, etc., by a variety of cells and carry numerous biologically active molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, etc. EVs play a crucial part in the metastasis and drug resistance of CRC by delivering cargo to recipient cells and modulating their behavior. An in-depth exploration of EVs might facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the biological behavior of CRC metastasis and drug resistance, which might provide a basis for developing therapeutic strategies. Therefore, considering the specific biological properties of EVs, researchers have attempted to explore their potential as next-generation delivery systems. On the other hand, EVs have also been demonstrated as biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis, and presumed prognosis of CRC. This review focuses on the role of EVs in regulating the metastasis and chemoresistance of CRC. Moreover, the clinical applications of EVs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Ethics Committee Office, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zuo
- Department of Comprehensive Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Furong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongru Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest, Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Extracellular Vesicles in Colorectal Cancer: From Tumor Growth and Metastasis to Biomarkers and Nanomedications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041107. [PMID: 36831450 PMCID: PMC9953945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading public health concern due to its incidence and high mortality rates, highlighting the requirement of an early diagnosis. Evaluation of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) might constitute a noninvasive and reliable approach for CRC detection and for patient follow-up because EVs display the molecular features of the cells they originate. EVs are released by almost all cell types and are mainly categorized as exosomes originating from exocytosis of intraluminal vesicles from multivesicular bodies, ectosomes resulting from outward budding of the plasma membrane and apoptotic bodies' ensuing cell shrinkage. These vesicles play a critical role in intercellular communications during physiological and pathological processes. They facilitate CRC progression and premetastatic niche formation, and they enable transfer of chemotherapy resistance to sensitive cells through the local or remote delivery of their lipid, nucleic acid and protein content. On another note, their stability in the bloodstream, their permeation in tissues and their sheltering of packaged material make engineered EVs suitable vectors for efficient delivery of tracers and therapeutic agents for tumor imaging or treatment. Here, we focus on the physiopathological role of EVs in CRCs, their value in the diagnosis and prognosis and ongoing investigations into therapeutic approaches.
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10
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Liu P, Wang W, Wang F, Fan J, Guo J, Wu T, Lu D, Zhou Q, Liu Z, Wang Y, Shang Z, Chan FL, Yang W, Li X, Zhao SC, Zheng Q, Wang F, Wu D. Alterations of plasma exosomal proteins and motabolies are associated with the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:40. [PMID: 36681849 PMCID: PMC9867857 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnosis tools for prostate cancer (PCa) such as serum PSA detection and prostate biopsy cannot distinguish dormant tumors from invasive malignancies, either be used as prognosis marker for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the lethal stage of PCa patients. Exosomes have been widely investigated as promising biomarkers for various diseases. We aim to characterize the proteomic and metabolomic profile of exosomes and to evaluate their potential value for the diagnosis of PCa, especially CRPC. We also investigate the functions of some specific exosome biomarkers in the progression of CRPC. METHODS Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis were performed for plasma-derived exosomes collected from tumor-free controls (TFC), PCa and CRPC patients. Expression of specific exosomal proteins were further validated by targeted 4D-parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry among the three cohorts. Tissue distribution and functional role of exosomal protein LRG1 was studied in clinical PCa tissue samples and cell line models. RESULTS Three potential exosomal protein markers were identified. The apolipoprotein E level in PCa samples was 1.7-fold higher than that in TFC (receiver operating characteristic value, 0.74). Similarly, the levels of exosome-derived leucine-rich alpha2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 (ITIH3) in the CRPC group were 1.7 and 2.04 times, respectively, higher than those in the PCa group (ROC values, 0.84 and 0.85, respectively), indicating that LRG1 and ITIH3 could serve as predictive markers for CRPC. For metabolomic evaluation of exosomes, a series of differentially expressed metabolites were identified, and a combined metabolite panel showed ROC value of 0.94 for distinguishing PCa from TFC and 0.97 for distinguishing CRPC from PCa. Immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray showed that LRG1 protein was significantly upregulated in advanced prostate cancer and functional assay revealed that ectopic expression of LRG1 can significantly enhance the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells. More importantly, PCa cell derived LRG1-overexpressed exosomes remarkably promoted angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Integration of proteomics and metabolomics data generated proteomic and metabolic signatures of plasma exosomes that may facilitate discrimination of CRPC from PCa and TFC patients, suggesting the potential of exosomal proteins and metabolites as CRPC markers. The study also confirmed the important role of exosomal protein LRG1 in PCa malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519015, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinan Guo
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongliang Lu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuohao Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qingyou Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Dinglan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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11
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Dai X, Xie Y, Dong M. Cancer-associated fibroblasts derived extracellular vesicles promote angiogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells through miR-135b-5p/FOXO1 axis. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:76-88. [PMID: 35100092 PMCID: PMC8812748 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.2017222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a prevalent malignant tumor. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (CAFs-EVs) are implicated in COAD treatment. This study explored the mechanism of CAFs-EVs in COAD. CAFs and normal fibroblast (NFs) were isolated from COAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Vimentin, α-SMA, and FAP expressions were detected. EVs were isolated from CAFs and identified. SW480 and HCT116 cells were co-incubated with EVs. The EV uptake and COAD cell malignant behaviors were assessed. EV-treated SW480 and HCT116 cells were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Extensive analyses were conducted to examine HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and miR-135b-5p expression in COAD cells, and SW480 and HCT116 cells. CAFs were transfected with the miR-135b-5p inhibitor. miR-135b-5p downstream targets were predicted. FOXO1 expression in the co-culture system was determined and then overexpressed to evaluate its role in HUVECs mediated by COAD cells. COAD mouse model was established by transplanting SW480 cells into nude mice and injecting with EVs. Tumor growth rate, volume, and weight were examined. Ki67, VEGF, CD34, FOXO1 expressions, and VEGF content were detected. CAFs-EVs promoted COAD cell malignant behaviors and COAD cells-mediated HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. CAFs-EVs delivered miR-135b-5p into COAD cells. miR-135b-5p targeted FOXO1. Inhibition of miR-135b-5p in EVs or overexpression of FOXO1 partially reversed the effect of EVs on promoting COAD-induced angiogenesis. CAFs-EVs promoted tumor proliferation and angiogenesis of COAD in vivo. CAFs-EVs delivered miR-135b-5p into COAD cells to downregulate FOXO1 and promote HUVECs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Anus & Intestine Sugery, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Xie
- Pharmacy Department, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjun Dong
- Department of Anus & Intestine Sugery, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Manzoor Y, Hasan M, Zafar A, Dilshad M, Ahmed MM, Tariq T, Hassan SG, Hassan SG, Shaheen A, Caprioli G, Shu X. Incubating Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanorods for Proteomics-Derived Motif Exploration: A Fusion to Deep Learning Oncogenesis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47996-48006. [PMID: 36591177 PMCID: PMC9798745 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The nanotechnological arena has revolutionized the diagnostic efficacies by investigating the protein corona. This displays provoking proficiencies in determining biomarkers and diagnostic fingerprints for early detection and advanced therapeutics. The green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared via Withania coagulans and were well characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nano-LC mass spectrophotometry. Iron oxides were rod-shaped with an average size of 17.32 nm and have crystalline properties. The as-synthesized nanotool mediated firm nano biointeraction with the proteins in treatment with nine different cancers. The resultant of the proteome series was filtered oddly that highlighted the variant proteins within the differentially expressed proteins on behalf of nano-bioinformatics. Further magnification focused on S13_N, RS15, RAB, and 14_3_3 domains and few abundant motifs that aid scanning biomarkers. The entire set of variant proteins contracting to common proteins elucidates the underlining mechanical proteins that are marginally assessed using the robotic nanotechnology. Additionally, the iron rods indirectly possess a prognostic effect in manipulating expression of proteins through a smarter route. Thereby, such biologically designed nanotools provide a dual approach for medical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Manzoor
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and
Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and
Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
Agriculture University and Engineering Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510225, PR China
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and
Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 510225, PR China
| | - Momina Dilshad
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and
Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ahmed
- Department
of Bioinformatics, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and
Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and
Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Gul Hassan
- National
Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Cantonment, Karachi 75510, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Gul Hassan
- College
of Information Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Aqeela Shaheen
- Deaprtment
of Chemistry, Govt, Sadiq College Women
University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry
Interdisciplinary Project (CHip), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
Agriculture University and Engineering Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510225, PR China
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13
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Shirinsokhan A, Azarmehr Z, Jalili A, Sadrabadi AE, Partan AS, Tutunchi S, Bereimipour A. Selection hub MicroRNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer stem cells in extracellular matrix using bioinformatics analyses. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and many people get it every year. The cancer stem cells are maybe crucial role to exacerbates and relapse the breast cancer. Therefore, finding biomarkers in human secretions can be an suitable solution for early detection and neo adjuvant therapy. This study aimed to investigate the molecular events related to the cancer stem cells in breast cancer, after which we nominated a suitable MicroRNAs participates in breast cancer pathogenesis.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the relationship between molecular pathways using a bioinformatics approach. First, we selected the appropriate RNA-Seq datasets from the GEO database. We used Enrichr, KEGG, and Shiny GO databases to evaluate the signal pathways and gene ontology after isolating the gene expression profiles. In the next step, we used the STRING database to assess the protein network, and we used the Targetscan database to nominate the MicroRNA.
Results
510 high-expression genes and 460 low-expression genes were associated with breast cancer and the cancer stem cells. Highly expressed genes were involved in the cell cycle and cellular aging pathways. On the other hand, low-expression genes were involved in the RNA transports, spliceosome, and apoptosis pathways. After evaluating the ontology of genes and the relationship between proteins, high-expression SPARC, INHBA, FN1, and GBA proteins were nominated. In the next section, the MicroRNAs related to these genes were hsa miR-9.5p, hsa miR-203.3p, and hsa miR-429.
Conclusion
In general, we examined more closely and more the relationship between the cancer stem cells pathway and breast cancer using a regular and accurate bioinformatics framework. Finally, we nominated suitable MicroRNAs that were involved in breast cancer stem cells.
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14
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Zhong ME, Duan X, Ni-jia-ti MYDL, Qi H, Xu D, Cai D, Li C, Huang Z, Zhu Q, Gao F, Wu X. CT-based radiogenomic analysis dissects intratumor heterogeneity and predicts prognosis of colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective study. J Transl Med 2022; 20:574. [PMID: 36482390 PMCID: PMC9730572 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a radiogenomic prognostic prediction model for colorectal cancer (CRC) by investigating the biological and clinical relevance of intratumoural heterogeneity. METHODS This retrospective multi-cohort study was conducted in three steps. First, we identified genomic subclones using unsupervised deconvolution analysis. Second, we established radiogenomic signatures to link radiomic features with prognostic subclone compositions in an independent radiogenomic dataset containing matched imaging and gene expression data. Finally, the prognostic value of the identified radiogenomic signatures was validated using two testing datasets containing imaging and survival information collected from separate medical centres. RESULTS This multi-institutional retrospective study included 1601 patients (714 females and 887 males; mean age, 65 years ± 14 [standard deviation]) with CRC from 5 datasets. Molecular heterogeneity was identified using unsupervised deconvolution analysis of gene expression data. The relative prevalence of the two subclones associated with cell cycle and extracellular matrix pathways identified patients with significantly different survival outcomes. A radiogenomic signature-based predictive model significantly stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with disparate disease-free survival (HR = 1.74, P = 0.003). Radiogenomic signatures were revealed as an independent predictive factor for CRC by multivariable analysis (HR = 1.59, 95% CI:1.03-2.45, P = 0.034). Functional analysis demonstrated that the 11 radiogenomic signatures were predominantly associated with extracellular matrix and immune-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS The identified radiogenomic signatures might be a surrogate for genomic signatures and could complement the current prognostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Er Zhong
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Duan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ma-yi-di-li Ni-jia-ti
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, Xinjiang China
| | - Haoning Qi
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Cai
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghang Li
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Huang
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.507012.10000 0004 1798 304XDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Gao
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China ,Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- grid.488525.6Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China ,grid.488525.6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Extracellular vesicle isolation, purification and evaluation in cancer diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e41. [PMID: 36268744 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for non-invasive biomarker discovery in early detection of cancer are an urgent need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have generated increasing attention from the scientific community and are under intensive investigations due to their unique biological profiles and their non-invasive nature. EVs are membrane-enclosed vesicles with variable sizes and function. Such vesicles are actively secreted from multiple cell types and are considered as key vehicles for inter-cellular communications and signalling. The stability and potential to easily cross biological barriers enable EVs for exerting durable effects on target cells. These along with easy access to such vesicles, the consistent secretion from tumour during all stages of tumorigenesis and their content providing a reservoir of molecules as well as mirroring the identity of the cell of origin are virtues that have made EVs appealing to be assessed in liquid biopsy approaches and for using as a promising resource of biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and therapy and monitoring targeted cancer therapy. Early detection of EVs will guide time-scheduled personalised therapy. Surveying reliable and sensitive methods for rapid isolation of EVs from biofluids, the purity of isolated vesicles and their molecular profiling and marker specification for clinical translation in patients with cancer are issues in the area and the hot topics of many recent studies. Here, the focus is over methods for EV isolation and stratification for digging more information about liquid biopsy-based diagnosis. Extending knowledge regarding EV-based strategies is a key to validate independent patient follow-up for cancer diagnosis at early stages and inspecting the efficacy of therapeutics.
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16
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Zhang X, Takeuchi T, Takeda A, Mochizuki H, Nagai Y. Comparison of serum and plasma as a source of blood extracellular vesicles: Increased levels of platelet-derived particles in serum extracellular vesicle fractions alter content profiles from plasma extracellular vesicle fractions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270634. [PMID: 35749554 PMCID: PMC9231772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted much attention as potential diagnostic biomarkers for human diseases. Although both plasma and serum are utilized as a source of blood EVs, it remains unclear whether, how and to what extent the choice of plasma and serum affects the experimental results. To address this issue, in this study, we performed comprehensive characterization of EV fractions derived from plasma and serum, and investigated the differences between these blood EVs. We demonstrated by nanoparticle tracking analysis that EV fractions derived from serum contain more particles than those from plasma of mice. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that platelet-associated proteins are selectively enriched in serum EV fractions from both mice and humans. A literature review of proteomic data of human blood EVs reported by other groups further confirmed that selective enrichment of platelet-associated proteins is commonly observed in serum EVs, and confers different proteome profiles to plasma EVs. Our data provide experimental evidence that EV fractions derived from serum generally contain additional EVs that are released from platelets, which may qualitatively and quantitatively alter EV profiles when using serum as a source of blood EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (YN)
| | - Akiko Takeda
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (YN)
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17
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Li J, Li Y, Chen S, Duan W, Kong X, Wang Y, Zhou L, Li P, Zhang C, Du L, Wang C. Highly Sensitive Exosome Detection for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer Using Immunoassay Based on Hierarchical Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200154. [PMID: 35460217 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer (PaC). However, it is still challenging to get quantitative detection of exosomes with the specific surface receptors. In this study, a highly sensitive detection system is first constructed for the direct quantitation of specific exosomes in real samples using hierarchical surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate (H-SERS substrate) and rapid enrichment strategy magnetic beads @ exosomes @ SERS detection probes (MEDP). It is found that the detection system (MEDP @ H-SERS substrate) could provide a 3.5 times higher SERS intensity compared with MEDP sandwich immunocomplex only. Moreover, LRG1-positive exosomes (LRG1-Exos) and GPC1-positive exosomes (GPC1-Exos) are chosen to distinguish PaC through exosome proteomics and database screening. The lower limit of detection (LOD) is 15 particles µL-1 using the MEDP @ H-SERS substrate. Significantly, the detection in clinical samples shows that the innovative combination of LRG1-Exos and GPC1-Exos could improve the diagnostic efficiency of PaC, with an area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.95. Even for the early-stage PaC, the diagnostic accuracy is still high (AUC = 0.95). Collectively, the findings indicate that the MEDP @ H-SERS substrate has great potential for the early diagnosis of PaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 17923, Jingshi Road Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Weili Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 88, Keling Road Suzhou, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Chengpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 17923, Jingshi Road Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
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18
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Small Extracellular Vesicles: Key Forces Mediating the Development and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111780. [PMID: 35681475 PMCID: PMC9179504 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence and mortality rates have been increasing annually in recent years. A variety of different small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication and have an important role in tumor metastasis and progression. The development and metastasis of CRC are closely linked to tumor-cell-derived sEVs, non-tumor-cell-derived sEVs, and intestinal-microbiota-derived sEVs. Numerous studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key component in the regulation of CRC proliferation, development, and metastasis. These sEVs can create a TME conducive to CRC growth and metastasis by forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment, remodeling the extracellular matrix, and promoting tumor cell metabolism. Therefore, in this paper, we review the role of different types of sEVs in colorectal cancer development and metastasis. Furthermore, based on the properties of sEVs, we further discuss the use of sEVs as early biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and the potential for their use in the treatment of CRC.
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Liu P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Choi J, Zhang J, Shang G, Li B, Lin YJ, Saleh L, Zhang L, Yi L, Yu S, Lim M, Yang X. Calcium-Related Gene Signatures May Predict Prognosis and Level of Immunosuppression in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:708272. [PMID: 35646664 PMCID: PMC9136236 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.708272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain cancer. While it has been known that calcium-related genes correlate with gliomagenesis, the relationship between calcium-related genes and glioma prognosis remains unclear. We assessed TCGA datasets of mRNA expressions with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enrichment analysis to specifically screen for genes that regulate or are affected by calcium levels. We then correlated the identified calcium-related genes with unsupervised/supervised learning to classify glioma patients into 2 risk groups. We also correlated our identified genes with immune signatures. As a result, we discovered 460 calcium genes and 35 calcium key genes that were associated with OS. There were 13 DEGs between Clusters 1 and 2 with different OS. At the same time, 10 calcium hub genes (CHGs) signature model were constructed using supervised learning, and the prognostic risk scores of the 3 cohorts of samples were calculated. The risk score was confirmed as an independent predictor of prognosis. Immune enrichment analysis revealed an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with upregulation of checkpoint markers in the high-risk group. Finally, a nomogram was generated with risk scores and other clinical prognostic independent indicators to quantify prognosis. Our findings suggest that calcium-related gene expression patterns could be applicable to predict prognosis and predict levels of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - John Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanjie Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Laura Saleh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengping Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xuejun Yang, ; Michael Lim,
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejun Yang, ; Michael Lim,
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20
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LRG1 mediated by ATF3 promotes growth and angiogenesis of gastric cancer by regulating the SRC/STAT3/VEGFA pathway. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:527-541. [PMID: 35094168 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is associated with multiple malignancies, but whether it participates in gastric cancer (GC) angiogenesis remains unclear. METHODS The expression levels of LRG1 were assessed in GC samples. Endothelial tube formation analysis, HUVEC migration assay, chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM), and xenograft tumor model were used to investigate the effect of LRG1 on angiogenesis in gastric cancer. The involvement of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to measure the SRC/STAT3/VEGFA pathway. RESULTS LRG1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and associated with cancer angiogenesis. In addition, LRG1 markedly promoted GC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of LRG1 could stimulate GC angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Then, we identified ATF3 promotes the transcription of LRG1 and is a positive regulator of angiogenesis. Additionally, LRG1 could activate VEGFA expression via the SRC/STAT3/ VEGFA pathway in GC cells, thus contributing to the angiogenesis of GC. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests LRG1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis in GC and could be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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21
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Yu R, Cheng L, Yang S, Liu Y, Zhu Z. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Serum Biomarkers for Pediatric Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848286. [PMID: 35371990 PMCID: PMC8970600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is the third most common malignant tumor among children. However, at initial NHL diagnosis, most cases are at an advanced stage because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and currently limited diagnostic methods. This study aimed to screen and verify potential serum biomarkers of pediatric NHL using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis. Serum protein expression profiles from children with B-NHL (n=20) and T-NHL (n=20) and healthy controls (n=20) were detected by utilizing iTRAQ in combination with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC–MS/MS) and analyzed by applying Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The candidate biomarkers S100A8 and LRG1 were further validated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on ELISA data was used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. In total, 534 proteins were identified twice using iTRAQ combined with 2D LC–MS/MS. Further analysis identified 79 and 73 differentially expressed proteins in B-NHL and T-NHL serum, respectively, compared with control serum according to our defined criteria; 34 proteins were overexpressed and 45 proteins underexpressed in B-NHL, whereas 45 proteins were overexpressed and 28 proteins underexpressed in T-NHL (p < 0.05). IPA demonstrated a variety of signaling pathways, including acute phase response signaling and liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) activation, to be strongly associated with pediatric NHL. S100A8 and LRG1 were elevated in NHL patients compared to normal controls according to ELISA (p < 0.05), which was consistent with iTRAQ results. The areas under the ROC curves of S100A8, LRG1, and the combination of S100A8 and LRG1 were 0.873, 0.898 and 0.970, respectively. Our findings indicate that analysis of the serum proteome using iTRAQ combined with 2D LC–MS/MS is a feasible approach for biomarker discovery. Serum S100A8 and LRG1 are promising candidate biomarkers for pediatric NHL, and these differential proteins illustrate a novel pathogenesis and may be clinically helpful for NHL diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Yu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linna Cheng
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zunmin Zhu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Dritsoula A, Dowsett L, Pilotti C, O'Connor MN, Moss SE, Greenwood J. Angiopathic activity of LRG1 is induced by the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4867. [PMID: 35318338 PMCID: PMC8938720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a secreted glycoprotein that under physiological conditions is produced predominantly by the liver. In disease, its local induction promotes pathogenic neovascularisation while its inhibition leads to reduced dysfunctional angiogenesis. Here we examine the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in defective angiogenesis mediated by LRG1. IL-6 treatment induced LRG1 expression in endothelial cells and ex vivo angiogenesis cultures and promoted vascular growth with reduced mural cell coverage. In Lrg1-/- explants, however, IL-6 failed to stimulate angiogenesis and vessels exhibited improved mural cell coverage. IL-6 activated LRG1 transcription through the phosphorylation and binding of STAT3 to a conserved consensus site in the LRG1 promoter, the deletion of which abolished activation. Blocking IL-6 signalling in human lung endothelial cells, using the anti-IL6 receptor antibody Tocilizumab, significantly reduced LRG1 expression. Our data demonstrate that IL-6, through STAT3 phosphorylation, activates LRG1 transcription resulting in vascular destabilisation. This observation is especially timely in light of the potential role of IL-6 in COVID-19 patients with severe pulmonary microvascular complications, where targeting IL-6 has been beneficial. However, our data suggest that a therapy directed towards blocking the downstream angiopathic effector molecule LRG1 may be of greater utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dritsoula
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Laura Dowsett
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Camilla Pilotti
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Marie N O'Connor
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
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23
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Deng S, Zhang L, Li J, Jin Y, Wang J. Activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by SPARC contributes to the malignant phenotype of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101756. [PMID: 35217388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary biliary epithelium malignancy with limited therapies, poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Nowadays, the molecular mechanisms of CCA remain elusive. SPARC has been proposed to be highly expressed in clinical CCA tissues, but few studies has been elucidated its functions in CCA. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the functional role of SPARC in the progression of CCA. In this study, a significantly increased expression of SPARC was observed in CCA tissues and cells. Knockdown of SPARC by RNA interference significantly impeded the proliferation of CCA cells. Moreover, SPARC silencing hampered the migration and invasion of CCA cells by inhibiting EMT. In parallel, overexpression of SPARC in RBE cells had the opposite effects. Mechanically, SPARC promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of CCA cells in vitro via activating the PI3K-AKT signaling. Overall, our integrated analysis revealed that SPARC plays a crucial role in CCA progression via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, which suggests that targeting SPARC might represent a promising approach for improving CCA patient's clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikang Deng
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kumming, Yunnan, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kumming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kumming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kumming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kumming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kumming, Yunnan, China.
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24
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Zou Y, Xu Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Fu L, Lv Y. Research Progress on Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein 1: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:809225. [PMID: 35095520 PMCID: PMC8797156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha⁃2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is an important member of the leucine-rich repetitive sequence protein family. LRG1 was mainly involved in normal physiological activities of the nervous system, such as synapse formation, synapse growth, the development of nerve processes, neurotransmitter transfer and release, and cell adhesion molecules or ligand-binding proteins. Also, LRG1 affected the development of respiratory diseases, hematological diseases, endocrine diseases, tumor diseases, eye diseases, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic immune diseases, infectious diseases, etc. LRG1 was a newly discovered important upstream signaling molecule of transforming growth factor⁃β (TGF⁃β) that affected various pathological processes through the TGF⁃β signaling pathway. However, research on LRG1 and its involvement in the occurrence and development of diseases was still in its infancy and the current studies were mainly focused on proteomic detection and basic animal experimental reports. We could reasonably predict that LRG1 might act as a new direction and strategy for the treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaoqi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longsheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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25
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Camilli C, Hoeh AE, De Rossi G, Moss SE, Greenwood J. LRG1: an emerging player in disease pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:6. [PMID: 35062948 PMCID: PMC8781713 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was first described as a key player in pathogenic ocular neovascularization almost a decade ago. Since then, an increasing number of publications have reported the involvement of LRG1 in multiple human conditions including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and inflammatory disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the LRG1 literature considering its role in health and disease. Although LRG1 is constitutively expressed by hepatocytes and neutrophils, Lrg1-/- mice show no overt phenotypic abnormality suggesting that LRG1 is essentially redundant in development and homeostasis. However, emerging data are challenging this view by suggesting a novel role for LRG1 in innate immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. While our understanding of beneficial LRG1 functions in physiology remains limited, a consistent body of evidence shows that, in response to various inflammatory stimuli, LRG1 expression is induced and directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Its potential role as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple conditions is widely discussed while dissecting the mechanisms underlying LRG1 pathogenic functions. Emphasis is given to the role that LRG1 plays as a vasculopathic factor where it disrupts the cellular interactions normally required for the formation and maintenance of mature vessels, thereby indirectly contributing to the establishment of a highly hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, LRG1 has also been reported to affect other cell types (including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal and cancer cells) mostly by modulating the TGFβ signalling pathway in a context-dependent manner. Crucially, animal studies have shown that LRG1 inhibition, through gene deletion or a function-blocking antibody, is sufficient to attenuate disease progression. In view of this, and taking into consideration its role as an upstream modifier of TGFβ signalling, LRG1 is suggested as a potentially important therapeutic target. While further investigations are needed to fill gaps in our current understanding of LRG1 function, the studies reviewed here confirm LRG1 as a pleiotropic and pathogenic signalling molecule providing a strong rationale for its use in the clinic as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Camilli
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Hoeh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Lin M, Liu J, Zhang F, Qi G, Tao S, Fan W, Chen M, Ding K, Zhou F. The role of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 in proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:283-291. [PMID: 35037101 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) is widely involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of various tumor cells. Recent studies have evaluated the potential of LRG1 as both an early tumor and a prognostic biomarker. METHOD The relevant literature from PubMed is reviewed in this article. RESULTS It has been found that LRG1 mainly acts on the regulatory mechanisms of angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and apoptosis by transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling pathway as well as affecting the occurrence and development of the tumors. Moreover, with advancement of research, LRG1 regulation pathways which are independent of TGF-β signaling pathway have been gradually revealed in different tumor cells; There are several studies on the biological effects of LRG1 as an inflammatory factor, vascular growth regulator, cell adhesion, and a cell viability influencing factor. In addition, various tumor suppression methods which are based on regulation of LRG1 levels have also shown high potential clinical value. CONCLUSIONS LRG1 are critical for the processes of tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis in various tumors. The present study reviewed the latest research on the achievements of LRG1 in tumor genesis and development. Further, this study also discussed the related molecular mechanisms of various biological functions of LRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiu Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Tao
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Fan
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Ding
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Taaffe DR, Kim JS, Luo H, Yang L, Fairman CM, Qiao Y, Newton RU, Galvão DA. Protective effects of physical activity in colon cancer and underlying mechanisms: A review of epidemiological and biological evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103578. [PMID: 35007701 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity has a protective effect against colon cancer development and progression. Further, the relevant biological mechanisms where physical activity or exercise may improve survival have also been initially examined. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiological evidence to date which comprises 16 cohort studies of the effects of physical activity on colon cancer outcomes including cancer recurrence, cancer-specific and overall survival. Moreover, we present four potential mechanisms involving shear pressure, systemic milieu alteration, extracellular vesicles, and immune function by which physical activity and exercise may favorably impact colon cancer. Research currently in progress will provide definitive evidence of survival benefits resulting from exercise and future work will help clarify the role of targeted exercise and the relevant mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China; Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Hao Luo
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lirui Yang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ciaran M Fairman
- Exercise Science Department, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Yuandong Qiao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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Colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts promote metastasis by up-regulating LRG1 through stromal IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:16. [PMID: 34930899 PMCID: PMC8688517 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to play a strong role in colorectal cancer metastasis, yet the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Using CRC clinical samples together with ex vivo CAFs-CRC co-culture models, we found that CAFs induce expression of Leucine Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1(LRG1) in CRC, where it shows markedly higher expression in metastatic CRC tissues compared to primary tumors. We further show that CAFs-induced LRG1 promotes CRC migration and invasion that is concomitant with EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) induction. In addition, this signaling axis has also been confirmed in the liver metastatic mouse model which displayed CAFs-induced LRG1 substantially accelerates metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CAFs-secreted IL-6 (interleukin-6) is responsible for LRG1 up-regulation in CRC, which occurs through a direct transactivation by STAT3 following JAK2 activation. In clinical CRC tumor samples, LRG1 expression was positively correlated with CAFs-specific marker, α-SMA, and a higher LRG1 expression predicted poor clinical outcomes especially distant metastasis free survival, supporting the role of LRG1 in CRC progression. Collectively, this study provided a novel insight into CAFs-mediated metastasis in CRC and indicated that therapeutic targeting of CAFs-mediated IL-6-STAT3-LRG1 axis might be a potential strategy to mitigate metastasis in CRC.
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Priya R, Jain V, Akhtar J, Chauhan G, Sakhuja P, Goyal S, Agarwal AK, Javed A, Jain AP, Polisetty RV, Sirdeshmukh R, Kar S, Gautam P. Plasma-derived candidate biomarkers for detection of gallbladder carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23554. [PMID: 34876625 PMCID: PMC8651660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a major cancer of the gastrointestinal tract with poor prognosis. Reliable and affordable biomarker-based assays with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of this cancer are a clinical need. With the aim of studying the potential of the plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), we carried out quantitative proteomic analysis of the EV proteins, using three types of controls and various stages of the disease, which led to the identification of 86 proteins with altered abundance. These include 29 proteins unique to early stage, 44 unique to the advanced stage and 13 proteins being common to both the stages. Many proteins are functionally relevant to the tumor condition or have been also known to be differentially expressed in GBC tissues. Several of them are also present in the plasma in free state. Clinical verification of three tumor-associated proteins with elevated levels in comparison to all the three control types—5′-nucleotidase isoform 2 (NT5E), aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) and neprilysin (MME) was carried out using individual plasma samples from early or advanced stage GBC. Sensitivity and specificity assessment based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated a significant association of NT5E and ANPEP with advanced stage GBC and MME with early stage GBC. These and other proteins identified in the study may be potentially useful for developing new diagnostics for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Priya
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Jamia Hamdard-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Vaishali Jain
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Javed Akhtar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.,Jamia Hamdard-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Geeta Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India.
| | - Surbhi Goyal
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Amit Javed
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Ankit P Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Ravindra Varma Polisetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Sudeshna Kar
- Jamia Hamdard-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Poonam Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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30
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Liu JJ, Pek SLT, Liu S, Wang J, Lee J, Ang K, Shao YM, Gurung RL, Tavintharan S, Tang WE, Sum CF, Lim SC. Association of Plasma Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1640-1649. [PMID: 34568896 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a circulating protein in the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. We sought to study whether LRG1 might predict risk for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS 2012 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were followed for a median of 7.2 years and 188 death events were identified. Association of LRG1 with risk for mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS Participants with a higher concentration of LRG1 had an increased risk for all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI), 1.76 (1.03-3.01), 1.75 (1.03-2.98), and 4.37 (2.72-7.02) for quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively, compared to quartile 1]. The association remained significant after adjustment for known cardio-renal risk factors including estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria [adjusted HR 2.76 (1.66-4.59), quartile 4 versus 1]. As a continuous variable, a 1-SD increment in LRG1 was associated with 1.34 (1.14-1.57)-fold adjusted risk for all-cause mortality. High plasma LRG1 was independently associated with mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease, infection, and renal diseases. Adding LRG1 into a clinical variable-based model improved discrimination (c statistics from 0.828 to 0.842, P = 0.006) and reclassification (net reclassification improvement 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.67) for prediction of 5-year all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Plasma LRG1 predicts risk for all-cause mortality and mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease, infection, and renal disease independent of known cardio-renal risk factors. It may be a potential novel biomarker to improve risk stratification in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sharon L T Pek
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jiexun Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Janus Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as a Molecular Physiological and Pathological Biomarker. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1689. [PMID: 34827687 PMCID: PMC8615851 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in diverse tissues and plays roles in various biological functions and processes. Increased serum levels of SPARC or its gene overexpression have been reported following numerous physiological and pathological changes including injuries, exercise, regeneration, obesity, cancer, and inflammation. Such expression pattern interrelation between these biological changes and the SPARC expression/secretion points to it as a biomarker. This property could lead to a variety of potential applications ranging from mechanistic studies and animal model validation to the clinical and therapeutic evaluation of both disease prognosis and pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Zhang J, Tan J, Wang M, Wang Y, Dong M, Ma X, Sun B, Liu S, Zhao Z, Chen L, Liu K, Xin Y, Zhuang L. Lipid-induced DRAM recruits STOM to lysosomes and induces LMP to promote exosome release from hepatocytes in NAFLD. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh1541. [PMID: 34731006 PMCID: PMC8565908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis and diagnostic value of exosomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unclear. In this study, we revealed that the plasma exosome level was higher in patients with NAFLD than that in healthy controls. Damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM) was identified as one of the genes related to exosome secretion in patients with NAFLD. Then, loss or knockdown of DRAM down-regulated exosome secretion from hepatic cells using a knockout mouse model and a knockdown cell model. DRAM knockout reversed high-fat diet–induced increase of secreted exosomes. Furthermore, DRAM knockdown inhibited fatty acid (FA)–induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lysosome inhibitor reversed the down-regulation of exosome release in DRAM knockout mice. Last, FA-induced DRAM interacted with stomatin and promoted its lysosomal localization to enhance exosome secretion from hepatic cells. We revealed a DRAM-mediated mechanism for exosome secretion and provided the foundation for plasma exosomes as a potential biomarker for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yifen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengzhen Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuefeng Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Baokai Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Likun Zhuang
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (Y.X.)
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Chen Y, Hou W, Zhong M, Wu B. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Colon Cancer Tissue Revealed the Reason for the Worse Prognosis of Right-Sided Colon Cancer and Mucinous Colon Cancer at the Protein Level. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3554-3572. [PMID: 34590603 PMCID: PMC8482240 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis of right-sided and mucinous colon cancer at the proteomic level. A tandem mass tag-proteomics approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in colon carcinoma tissues from different locations and with different histological types to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these differences at the protein level. In additional, the DEPs were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The proteomics profiles among colon cancers with different tumor locations and histological types were dramatically distinguished. In terms of tumor locations, the right-sided carcinoma specific DEPs may promote the tumor progression via activating inflammation, metastasis associated pathways. When referring to histological types, the mucinous colon cancers perhaps increased the invasion and metastasis through distinct mechanisms in different tumor locations. For mucinous cancer located in right-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs were mainly associated with ECM-related remodeling and the IL-17 signal pathway. For mucinous cancer located in left-sided colon, the mucinous specific DEPs showed a strong relationship with ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis. The proteomics profiles of colon cancers showed distinct differences related to locations and histological types. These results suggested a distinct mechanism underlying the diverse subtypes of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Wenyun Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Miner Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.H.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-69156470
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Chen Y, Chen X, Li H, Li Y, Cheng D, Tang Y, Sang H. Serum extracellular vesicles containing MIAT induces atrial fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress to promote atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation via blockade of miR-485-5p-mediated CXCL10 inhibition. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e482. [PMID: 34459123 PMCID: PMC8329545 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF), a supraventricular arrhythmia that impairs cardiac function, is a main source of morbidity and mortality. Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified to carry potential biomarker or target for the diagnosis and treatment of AF. We intended to dissect out the role of lncRNA MIAT enriched in serum-derived EVs in AF. METHODS MIAT expression was quantified in EVs isolated from serum samples of AF patients. Mouse and cell models of AF were developed after angiotensin II (Ang II) induction. Relationship between MIAT, miR-485-5p, and CXCL10 was identified. Ectopic expression and depletion assays were implemented in Ang II-treated mice or HL-1 cells, or those co-cultured with serum-derived EVs to explore the roles of EV-carried MIAT. RESULTS MIAT was upregulated in EVs from serum samples of AF patients. Further analysis indicated that MIAT enriched in serum-derived EVs promoted atrial fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, and aggravated the atrial remodeling and resultant AF. Mechanistically, MIAT bound to miR-485-5p and weakened its inhibitory role on the target CXCL10, which was responsible for the role of serum-derived EV containing MIAT in cellular fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, and atrial remodeling in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, serum-derived EV containing MIAT facilitates atrial remodeling and exacerbates the AF by abolishing the miR-485-5p-mediated CXCL10 inhibition. This finding aids in the deeper understanding about the pathophysiology of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Haiqiang Sang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
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Chang YC, Chan MH, Li CH, Fang CY, Hsiao M, Chen CL. Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080931. [PMID: 34440135 PMCID: PMC8391321 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relatively high incidence and mortality rates for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) make it a formidable malignant tumor. Comprehensive strategies have been applied to predict patient survival and diagnosis. Various clinical regimens have also been developed to improve the therapeutic outcome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recently proposed cellular structures that can be produced by natural or artificial methods and have been extensively studied. In addition to their innate functions, EVs can be manipulated to be drug carriers and exert many biological functions. The composition of EVs, their intravesicular components, and the surrounding tumor microenvironment are closely related to the development of colorectal cancer. Determining the expression profiles of exocytosis samples and using them as indicators for selecting effective combination therapy is an indispensable direction for EV study and should be regarded as a novel prediction platform in addition to cancer stage, prognosis, and other clinical assessments. In this review, we summarize the function, regulation, and application of EVs in the colon cancer research field. We provide an update on and discuss potential values for clinical applications of EVs. Moreover, we illustrate the specific markers, mediators, and genetic alterations of EVs in colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we outline the vital markers present in the EVs and discuss their plausible uses in colon cancer patient therapy in combination with the currently used clinical strategies. The development and application of these EVs will significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis, lead to more precise prognoses, and may lead to the improved treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1243 (M.H.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3139) (C.-L.C.); Fax: +886-2-2789-9931 (M.H.)
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1243 (M.H.); +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3139) (C.-L.C.); Fax: +886-2-2789-9931 (M.H.)
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Shen Q, Huang Z, Yao J, Jin Y. Extracellular vesicles-mediated interaction within intestinal microenvironment in inflammatory bowel disease. J Adv Res 2021; 37:221-233. [PMID: 35499059 PMCID: PMC9039646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EVs derived from different sources play modulatory functions in the intestine, especially interaction associated with microbiota. An EV-mediated interaction system was established to describe the possible mechanism of IBD pathogenesis and its cure. EVs-based treatments show great potential of clinical applications in IBD diagnosis and therapy.
Background The intestinal tract is a complicated ecosystem with dynamic homeostasis via interaction of intestine and microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic intestinal inflammation involving dysbiosis of intestinal microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as vital characteristics of cell–cell and cell-organism communication, contribute to homeostasis in intestine. Recently, EVs showed excellent potential for clinical applications in disease diagnoses and therapies. Aim of Review Our current review discusses the modulatory functions of EVs derived from different sources in intestine, especially their effects and applications in IBD clinical therapy. EV-mediated interaction systems between host intestine and microbiota were established to describe possible mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis and its cure. Key Scientific Concepts of Review EVs are excellent vehicles for delivering molecules containing genetic information to recipient cells. Multiple pieces of evidence have illustrated that EVs participate the interaction between host and microbiota in intestinal microenvironment. In inflammatory intestine with dysbiosis of microbiota, EVs as regulators target promoting immune response and microbial reconstruction. EVs-based immunotherapy could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Shen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhuizui Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiachen Yao
- Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Corresponding author at: 18, Chaowang Road, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Xue VW, Yang C, Wong SCC, Cho WCS. Proteomic profiling in extracellular vesicles for cancer detection and monitoring. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000094. [PMID: 33665903 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-size lipid vesicles released by cells, which play essential biological functions in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs participate in cancer development, including invasion, migration, metastasis, and cancer immune modulation. One of the key mechanisms is that EVs affect different cells in the tumor microenvironment through surface-anchor proteins and protein cargos. Moreover, proteins specifically expressed in tumor-derived EVs can be applied in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Besides, the EV proteome also helps to understand drug resistance in cancers and to guide clinical medication. With the development of mass spectrometry and array-based multi-protein detection, the research of EV proteomics has entered a new era. The high-throughput parallel proteomic profiling based on these new platforms allows us to study the impact of EV proteome on cancer progression more comprehensively and to describe the proteomic landscape in cancers with more details. In this article, we review the role and function of different types of EVs in cancer progression. More importantly, we summarize the proteomic profiling of EVs based on different methods and the application of EV proteome in cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Liu JJ, Pek SLT, Wang J, Liu S, Ang K, Shao YM, Tang JIS, Gurung RL, Tavintharan S, Tang WE, Sum CF, Lim SC. Association of Plasma Leucine-Rich α-2 Glycoprotein 1, a Modulator of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway, With Incident Heart Failure in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:571-577. [PMID: 33293346 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a circulating protein potentially involved in several pathways related to pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We aimed to study whether plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and hospitalization attributable to HF (HHF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,978 individuals with type 2 diabetes were followed for a median of 7.1 years (interquartile range 6.1-7.6). Association of LRG1 with HF was studied using cause-specific Cox regression models. RESULTS In follow-up, 191 incident HF and 119 HHF events were identified. As compared with quartile 1, participants with LRG1 in quartiles 3 and 4 had 3.60-fold (95% CI 1.63-7.99) and 5.99-fold (95% CI 2.21-16.20) increased risk of incident HF and 5.88-fold (95% CI 1.83-18.85) and 10.44-fold (95% CI 2.37-45.98) increased risk of HHF, respectively, after adjustment for multiple known cardiorenal risk factors. As a continuous variable, 1 SD increment in natural log-transformed LRG1 was associated with 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.33-2.38) adjusted risk of incident HF and 1.92-fold (95% CI 1.27-2.92) adjusted risk of HHF. Adding LRG1 to the clinical variable-based model improved risk discrimination for incident HF (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79-0.81; P = 0.02) and HHF (AUC 0.81-0.84; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and HHF, suggesting that it may potentially be involved in pathogenesis of HF in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether LRG1 is a novel biomarker for HF risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sharon L T Pek
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jiexun Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Singapore .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Liu YD, Zhuang XP, Cai DL, Cao C, Gu QS, Liu XN, Zheng BB, Guan BJ, Yu L, Li JK, Ding HB, Yan DW. Let-7a regulates EV secretion and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by targeting SNAP23 in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:31. [PMID: 33446221 PMCID: PMC7807815 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the functions of extracellular miRNA to recipient cells have been extensively studied with tumorigenesis. However, the role of miRNA in EV secretion from cancer cells remains unknown. Methods qPCR and bioinformatics analysis were applied for determining extracellular let-7a expression from CRC patient serum and cells. Nanosight particle tracking analysis was performed for investigating the effect of let-7a on EV secretion. Luciferase reporter assays was used for identifying targeted genes synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP23). In vitro and in vivo assays were used for exploring the function of let-7a/SNAP23 axis in CRC progression. Bioenergetic assays were performed for investigating the role of let-7a/SNAP23 in cellular metabolic reprogramming. Results let-7a miRNA was elevated in serum EVs from CRC patients and was enriched in CRC cell-derived EVs. We determined that let-7a could suppress EV secretion directly targeting SNAP23. In turn, SNAP23 promotes EV secretion of let-7a to downregulate the intracellular let-7a expression. In addition, we found a novel mechanism of let-7a/SNAP23 axis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through Lin28a/SDHA signaling pathway. Conclusions Let-7a plays an essential role in not only inhibiting EV secretion, but also suppressing OXPHOS through SNAP23, resulting in the suppression of CRC progression, suggesting that let-7a/SNAP23 axis could provide not only effective tumor biomarkers but also novel targets for tumor therapeutic strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01813-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Dong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dong Lan Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Can Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Qi Sheng Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xue Ni Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bin Bin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bing Jie Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ji Kun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hui Bin Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, Jiangsu, 226500, China.
| | - Dong Wang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Siwaponanan P, Keawvichit R, Lekmanee K, Chomanee N, Pattanapanyasat K. Enumeration and phenotyping of circulating microvesicles by flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis: Plasma versus serum. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 43:506-514. [PMID: 33244869 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microvesicles (MVs) are bioactive, submicron-sized (0.01-1000 nm) membrane vesicles released from various types of cells under normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. MVs have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in a diverse range of normal and pathological processes. MVs have been recognized as potential biomarkers in coagulation, inflammation, and cancer. However, for clinical use, minimizing factors which could affect enumeration and phenotypic characterization of MVs during pre-analytical steps is crucial. In this study, we used flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to investigate the impact of blood collection using with and without anticoagulant on the number and phenotype of MVs in blood samples. METHODS Blood from 30 healthy volunteers was collected by venipuncture into 3.2% sodium citrate and clot activator tubes. MV subpopulations and their concentrations were investigated using flow cytometry and NTA. MV morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Results showed that the concentration of MVs was significantly lower in serum than in plasma and that CD41+ MV, CD41+ /CD62P+ MV, CD45+ MV, and CD142+ MV levels from serum were significantly lower than those from plasma, whereas no significant differences in Annexin V (Anx V)+ MV, CD235a+ MV, and CD144+ MV levels were found. Interestingly, serum MVs had a higher proportion of small-sized MVs and lower proportion of large-sized MVs than did plasma MVs. CONCLUSION Although plasma samples are commonly used, our results suggest that serum can also be used in enumeration of MVs, but care must be taken if coagulation is an aspect of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjaree Siwaponanan
- Department for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rassamon Keawvichit
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittima Lekmanee
- Department for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nusara Chomanee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Department for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kumar V, Ray S, Ghantasala S, Srivastava S. An Integrated Quantitative Proteomics Workflow for Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Validation in Plasma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:543997. [PMID: 33072574 PMCID: PMC7538778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.543997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is one of the most widely used samples for cancer biomarker discovery research as well as clinical investigations for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the plasma proteome is extremely complex due to its wide dynamic range of protein concentrations and the presence of high-abundance proteins. Here we have described an optimized, integrated quantitative proteomics pipeline combining the label-free and multiplexed-labeling-based (iTRAQ and TMT) plasma proteome profiling methods for biomarker discovery, followed by the targeted approaches for validation of the identified potential marker proteins. In this workflow, the targeted quantitation of proteins is carried out by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) and parallel-reaction monitoring (PRM) mass spectrometry. Thus, our approach enables both unbiased screenings of biomarkers and their subsequent selective validation in human plasma. The overall procedure takes only ~2 days to complete, including the time for data acquisition (excluding database searching). This protocol is quick, flexible, and eliminates the need for a separate immunoassay-based validation workflow in blood cancer biomarker investigations. We anticipate that this plasma proteomics workflow will help to accelerate the cancer biomarker discovery program and provide a valuable resource to the cancer research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Saicharan Ghantasala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Yu J, Dong W, Liang J. Extracellular Vesicle-Transported Long Non-Coding RNA (LncRNA) X Inactive-Specific Transcript (XIST) in Serum is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924448. [PMID: 32843612 PMCID: PMC7448689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to tumor progression. Differentially expressed long non-coding (lnc)RNAs may serve as biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. This study aimed to discuss the diagnostic value of serum EV-derived lncRNA X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) in CRC. Material/Methods Serum EVs were extracted and identified. Microarray analysis was performed to screen out the differentially expressed lncRNAs in serum EVs. The expression and diagnostic efficacy of the most differentially expressed lncRNA were measured. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the association between survival time and XIST expression in EVs. The expression profile of serum EV-carried XIST in 94 CRC patients with different tumor-node-metastasis stages, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation was assessed. The serum contents of CEA, CA242, CA199, and CA153 were measured. Results XIST in serum EVs in CRC patients was upregulated, with greatest diagnostic value. CRC patients with higher expression of XIST in serum EVs had worse 5-year survival rates and shorter life cycles, lower differentiation, higher lymph node metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis than patients with lower XIST expression. XIST expression in serum EVs was positively correlated with CRC marker contents. Conclusions XIST upregulation in serum EVs is related to CRC progression, which may be helpful to the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Department of Medical, Jinan First People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jianxiao Liang
- Department of Radiology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Wu J, Shen Z. Exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic in lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6909-6922. [PMID: 32779402 PMCID: PMC7541138 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more studies report that exosomes released by various cells can serve as a medium for information exchange between different cells. Through a deep understanding of the physical and chemical properties of exosomes, the researchers revealed a more precise molecular mechanism of its participation in the process of intercellular communication. In particular, microRNA (miRNA) is found inside exosomes, as well as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Extensive evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs participates in the occurrence and development of lung cancer and plays a variety of roles. Therefore, the release of RNA‐containing exosomes in many different kinds of body fluids has caused widespread interest among researchers. In this review, we report evidence from human studies involving miRNAs and other ncRNAs in exosomes associated with lung cancer as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Currently, there is a small amount of evidence that exosomal miRNAs can be used as early diagnosis and prognostic markers for lung cancer, and their exact role in lung cancer patients still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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