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Raber M, Robertson MC, Le T, Gatus LA, Rechis R, Oestman K, Basen-Engquist K. Patterns of home cooking practices among participants in a behavioral weight loss program: A latent class analysis. Appetite 2023; 184:106504. [PMID: 36841438 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Cooking education is a popular approach to health promotion; however, the relationship between specific cooking practices, diet and weight loss is not well understood. The goal of this study was to 1) evaluate the relationship between cooking practices, dietary behaviors, and weight loss after a weight loss intervention and 2) identify patterns of cooking practices and their implications on weight loss. Using a quasi-experimental, single-arm cohort study design, we analyzed data from 249 adults with overweight/obesity who were participating in a weight loss program. Participants self-reported demographics, height and weight, and diet and physical activity behaviors. The Health Cooking Questionnaire 2 (HCQ2) was used to collect information on cooking practices post intervention. The HCQ2 responses were used to generate Healthy Cooking Index (HCI) scores, a summative measure of cooking practices with the potential to influence health. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was utilized to define distinct patterns of cooking behaviors. Cooking patterns and HCI scores were examined relative to participant demographics, dietary behaviors, and weight loss. HCI scores post-intervention were positively associated with age, weight loss, and favorable dietary behaviors in this study. The LCA revealed three distinct patterns of cooking behavior (Red Meat Simple, Vegetarian Simple, Health & Taste Enhancing). The Red Meat Simple cooking pattern was associated with less weight loss compared to other patterns. The findings of this study set the foundation for more research on cooking education as a method for improving weight loss outcomes in the context of behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Raber
- Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michael C Robertson
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Thuan Le
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Leticia A Gatus
- Ambulatory Operations, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ruth Rechis
- Be Well Communities™, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Cancer Prevention & Control Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Katherine Oestman
- Be Well Communities™, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Cancer Prevention & Control Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Shao Y, Tian J, Yang Y, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Shu Q. Identification of key genes and pathways revealing the central regulatory mechanism of brain-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 on obesity using bioinformatics analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:931161. [PMID: 35992905 PMCID: PMC9389235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.931161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a target in treating obesity due to its effect on suppressing appetite, but the possible downstream key genes that GLP-1 regulated have not been studied in depth. This study intends to screen out the downstream feeding regulation genes of central GLP-1 neurons through bioinformatics analysis and verify them by chemical genetics, which may provide insights for future research. Materials and methods GSE135862 genetic expression profiles were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to map the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After bioinformatics analysis, we applied chemogenetic methods to modulate the activities of GLP-1 neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and observed the alterations of screened differential genes and their protein expressions in the hypothalamus under different excitatory conditions of GLP-1 neurons. Results A total of 49 DEGs were discovered, including 38 downregulated genes and 11 upregulated genes. The two genes with the highest expression scores were biglycan (Bgn) and mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 3 (Mapkapk3). The results of GO analysis showed that there were 10 molecular functions of differential genes. Differential genes were mainly localized in seven regions around the cells, and enriched in 10 biology processes. The results of the KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that differential genes played an important role in seven pathways. The top 15 genes selected according to the Cytoscape software included Bgn and Mapkapk3. Chemogenetic activation of GLP-1 in NTS induced a decrease in food intake and body mass, while chemogenetic inhibition induced the opposite effect. The gene and protein expression of GLP-1 were upregulated in NTS when activated by chemogenetics. In addition, the expression of Bgn was upregulated and that of Mapkapk3 was downregulated in the hypothalamus. Conclusion Our data showed that GLP-1 could modulate the protein expression of Bgn and Mapkapk3. Our findings elucidated the regulatory network in GLP-1 to obesity and might provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Resources Wugang General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- College of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Shu,
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Kooptiwoot S, Javadi B. Development of Decision Support System Platform for Daily Dietary Plan. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220318102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Solving many health issues needs accurate and significant information in food consumption. Recently, data analysis and communication provided outstanding and robust approaches to fulfill the necessity of scientific information and help in decision making in many fields. Many evidence reported that with little information better decisions can be achieved.
Objective:
This research aimed to develop the Decision Support System (DSS) for the daily dietary plan to practically help users in food consumption and health care.
Methods:
The system consists of 1,940 cuisine items, including Thai and English menus. In this system, the user can set the daily dietary plan by selecting menu items with food specific and total calories. Overall calories of selected menu items would be calculated automatically. The user can see the normal range of calories required based on gender with the help of the baseline (normal office person).
Results:
This system can help users to become familiar with a better daily dietary plan, food calories, and health care easily. Furthermore, experts (doctors) can improve their learning experiences by formulating and adjusting the Decision Support System (DSS) for patients in special need. The easiness and usefulness of this system were evaluated by 119 users on Likert scale (1=least, 5=most). The result on average was 4.58.
Conclusion:
The Decision Support System (DSS) for the daily dietary plan was developed. The accessibility to the system is via personal computer (PC), smartphone, and tablet with internet connection. For future work, this DSS can improve by connecting the platform with health care providers via sharing the data for more online support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimon Kooptiwoot
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bagher Javadi
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tuğgüm S, Bozkir Ç, Aslan S, Yilmaz A, Çelikkol A. Evaluation of vaspin and irisin hormones levels in diabetic rats and relationship with diet. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-211586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes with an increasing prevalence is a public health problem. Irisin and vaspin, which are secreted a majority from adipose tissue, are discovered hormones recently, and their effects on diabetes are studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to the effects of diet on these hormones levels in diabetic rats. METHODS: In this study, ten-week-old 18 Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups randomly. The diabetic group (n = 6) was fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Other rats were divided into two control groups, one of them (n = 6) was fed a control diet (CD), and the other group (n = 6) was fed HFD. The feeding time for all groups was 4 weeks. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used for diabetes induction in rats. RESULTS: At the end of the four weeks, the body weight of the diabetic group decreased significantly. In the diabetic group compared to the control groups, it was observed that besides high fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. Vaspin levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats, while irisin levels were similar between groups. Besides, vaspin level correlation with biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HOMA-IR score was significant. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study showed that besides the evidence that vaspine is a hormone associated with diabetes, diet composition could give an opinion about the type-2 diabetes process by looking at hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergen Tuğgüm
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tekirdağ/Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Bozkir
- Inonu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition an Dietetics, Malatya/Turkey
| | - Serkan Aslan
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tekirdağ/Turkey
| | - Ahsen Yilmaz
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ/Turkey
| | - Aliye Çelikkol
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ/Turkey
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Guerra JVS, Dias MMG, Brilhante AJVC, Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Figueira ACM. Multifactorial Basis and Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082830. [PMID: 34444990 PMCID: PMC8398524 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns, along with genetic conditions, are the main factors that modulate the metabolism of individuals, leading to the development of NCDs. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classified in this group of chronic diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of these diseases leads us to develop more accurate and effective treatments to reduce or mitigate their prevalence in the population. Given the global relevance of NCDs and ongoing research progress, this article reviews the current understanding about NCDs and their related risk factors, with a focus on obesity, diabetes, MAFLD, and CVDs, summarizing the knowledge about their pathophysiology and highlighting the currently available and emerging therapeutic strategies, especially pharmacological interventions. All of these diseases play an important role in the contamination by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as in the progression and severity of the symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we briefly explore the relationship between NCDs and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. S. Guerra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marieli M. G. Dias
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Anna J. V. C. Brilhante
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Maiara F. Terra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Marta García-Arévalo
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Figueira
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
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Hwang JJ. Food for Thought. J Nutr 2021; 151:2089-2091. [PMID: 34195820 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janice J Hwang
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Jabri MA, Rtibi K, Sebai H. Chamomile decoction mitigates high fat diet-induced anxiety-like behavior, neuroinflammation and cerebral ROS overload. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1350-1361. [PMID: 33314994 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1859727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An abundant literature suggests that obesity-associated with taking a high fat diet is related to an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, metabolic disorders may be involved in the induction of the anxiogenic-like symptoms. The current study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms by which a high fat diet (HFD) can cause several complications in the WISTAR rats (Rattus norvegicus) brain. Oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the putative protection afforded by chamomile decoction extract (CDE) were also studied.The results demonstrated that the increased body and brain weight, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities as well as hypercholezterolaemia in response to HFD taking were correlated with anxiogenic-like symptoms. Moreover, HFD feed caused a brain oxidative stress characterized by increased lipoperoxidation, inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT and GPx, depletion of a non-enzymatic antioxidant such as sulfhydryl groups and GSH. Importantly, the results also show that HFD also provoked a cerebral overload in reactive oxygen species such as OH•, H2O2 and O2∙- as well as brain inflammation assessed by the overproduction of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6.Interestingly, all neurobehavioral changes and all the biochemical and molecular disturbances were abolished in HFD-fed rats treated with CDE.Our results provide clear evidence that obesity and depression as well as anxiety are finely correlated and that M. recutita's decoction may prove to be a potential therapeutic agent to mitigate the behavioral disorders, the biochemical alterations and the neuroinflammation associated to the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources - Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources - Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources - Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
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Ferreira-Pêgo C, Rodrigues J, Costa A, Sousa B. Eating behavior: The influence of age, nutrition knowledge, and Mediterranean diet. Nutr Health 2020; 26:303-309. [PMID: 32779518 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020945076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student life during the university period is characterized by many changes in eating behaviors and dietary patterns due to adaptation to a new environment, study stress, lack of proper time management, and busy class schedules. These unhealthy actions may be detrimental to cognitive processing and influence academic performance, which is related to professional success. AIM To assess different eating patterns in Portuguese university students and relate them to several sociodemographic variables. METHODS Cross-sectional information about eating behavior was assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 169 students between 18 and 50 years of age, from the Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias and from different academic courses, some related to health sciences. Mediterranean diet adherence was also assessed using a validated 14-item questionnaire. RESULTS According to the analyses of the 169 participants included in the sample, 33 presented restrained eating behavior, with 73 presenting external and 63 emotional. In the same line of thought, 62.10% of nutrition sciences students presented emotional eating behavior and overall it was observed that these students were more likely to have emotional eating behavior. Otherwise, presenting restrained eating behavior was statistically associated with being older and having higher Mediterranean diet adherence. CONCLUSIONS Studying nutrition sciences was associated with having emotional eating behavior. Older students and those who adhere more closely to the Mediterranean diet were associated with having restrained eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
- CBIOS Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- School of Sciences and Health Technologies, 70887Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal
| | - Adriana Costa
- School of Sciences and Health Technologies, 70887Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sousa
- CBIOS Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Portugal
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Maugeri A. The Effects of Dietary Interventions on DNA Methylation: Implications for Obesity Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228670. [PMID: 33212948 PMCID: PMC7698434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence from in vivo and observational research suggested how dietary factors might affect DNA methylation signatures involved in obesity risk. However, findings from experimental studies are still scarce and, if present, not so clear. The current review summarizes studies investigating the effect of dietary interventions on DNA methylation in the general population and especially in people at risk for or with obesity. Overall, these studies suggest how dietary interventions may induce DNA methylation changes, which in turn are likely related to the risk of obesity and to different response to weight loss programs. These findings might explain the high interindividual variation in weight loss after a dietary intervention, with some people losing a lot of weight while others much less so. However, the interactions between genetic, epigenetic, environmental and lifestyle factors make the whole framework even more complex and further studies are needed to support the hypothesis of personalized interventions against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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10
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Chiappe EL, Martin M, Molli AI, Millan A, Tetzlaff W, Botta E, Ferraro F, Sáez MS, Lorenzon Gonzalez MV, Boero L, Sorroche P, Beskow A, Gutierrez M, Cerrone G, Gutt S, Frechtel G, Brites F. Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Lipoprotein Metabolism and Markers of HDL Functionality in Morbid Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2020; 31:1092-1098. [PMID: 33128217 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morbid obesity represents the most severe form of obesity and surgical intervention would be its only successful treatment. Bariatric surgery could generate modifications in carbohydrate metabolism and in lipid profile plus lipoprotein-associated proteins and enzymes, such as lipoprotein-associated phoslipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and paraoxonase (PON) 1. The aim of the present study was to analyze changes in inflammation markers, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid parameters in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with morbid obesity were recruited. Evaluations were performed before (T0) and 1 (T1) and 6 (T2) months after surgery. Glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, and B plus Interleukin 1β and 6 levels in addition to CETP, Lp-PLA2, and PON 1 activities were determined. RESULTS Body mass index decreased at T1 and T2 (p < 0.01). An improvement in all markers of insulin resistance (p < 0.05) was observed at T1. hsCRP levels diminished at T2 (p < 0.05). Triglyceride levels decreased at T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). HDL-C and apo A-I showed a decrease at T1 which was completely reversed at T2 (p < 0.05). Lp-PLA2 activity increased at T1, which was reversed at T2 (p < 0.05), and CETP activity was diminished at T2 (p < 0.05). PON and ARE activities decreased at T1 and partially recovered at T2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results would be indicative of a favorable effect of bariatric surgery on markers of carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular disease lipid risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Iglesias Molli
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Millan
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Botta
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Sáez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria V Lorenzon Gonzalez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Sorroche
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Beskow
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Gutierrez
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Cerrone
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Gutt
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Frechtel
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Oberoi A, Giezenaar C, Jensen C, Lange K, Hausken T, Jones KL, Horowitz M, Chapman I, Soenen S. Acute effects of whey protein on energy intake, appetite and gastric emptying in younger and older, obese men. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 33004790 PMCID: PMC7531014 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is becoming more prevalent in older people. A management strategy in obese, young adults is to increase dietary protein relative to other macronutrients. It is not clear if this is effective in obese, older individuals. Obesity may be associated with diminished sensitivity to nutrients. We have reported that a 30-g whey protein drink slows gastric emptying more, and suppresses energy intake less, in older, than younger, non-obese men. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 30 g whey protein drink on energy intake, GE and glycaemia in obese, older and younger men. METHODS In randomized, double-blind order, 10 younger (age: 27 ± 2 years; BMI: 36 ± 2 kg/m²), and 10 older (72 ± 1 years; 33 ± 1 kg/m²), obese men were studied twice. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested a test drink containing 30 g whey protein (120 kcal) or control (2 kcal). Postprandial gastric emptying (antral area, 2D Ultrasound) and blood glucose concentrations were measured for 180 min. At t = 180 min subjects were given a buffet meal and ad libitum energy intake was assessed. RESULTS Older subjects ate non-significantly less (~20%) that the younger subjects (effect of age, P = 0.16). Whey protein had no effect on subsequent energy intake (kcal) compared to control in either the younger (decrease 3 ± 8%) or older (decrease 2 ± 8%) obese men (age effect P > 0.05, protein effect P = 0.46, age × protein interaction effect P = 0.84). Whey protein slowed gastric emptying, to a similar degree in both age groups (50% emptying time: control vs. protein young men: 255 ± 5 min vs. 40 ± 7 min; older men: 16 ± 5 min vs. 50 ± 8 min; protein effect P = 0.001, age effect P = 0.93, age × protein interaction effect P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that obesity may blunt/abolish the age-related effect of whey protein on suppression of energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Oberoi
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South-Australia, SA, Australia
| | | | - Caroline Jensen
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kylie Lange
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South-Australia, SA, Australia
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen L Jones
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South-Australia, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South-Australia, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Chapman
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South-Australia, SA, Australia
| | - Stijn Soenen
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South-Australia, SA, Australia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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12
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Monnier L, Schlienger JL, Colette C, Bonnet F. The obesity treatment dilemma: Why dieting is both the answer and the problem? A mechanistic overview. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 47:101192. [PMID: 33002604 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Restricted-calorie diets are the most worldwide used treatments for obesity. Although such strategies are based on the first law of thermodynamics, the real life clinical practice demonstrates that the observed weight losses are divergent from those theoretically predicted. Loosely adherence to recommendations is one of the main causes for the limited efficacy of dieting, but many additional factors can be involved in the hurdles to weight loss. According to the second law of thermodynamics any restriction in dietary energy intake results in energy sparing with a diminution in the basal metabolic rate and a concomitant loss in the lean body mass. This "thrifty" energetic adaptation is associated with a progressive reduction in the difference between levels of energy intake and expenditure, thus resulting in a drastic fall in weight loss rates on the medium and long-term regardless of the dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio. This loss of efficacy is aggravated by the misadaptation of the production and action of anti-obesity hormones such as leptin. During the latest past decades the discovery of changes in the gut microbiota of obese people referred to as "obese dysbiosis" has raised the question as to whether these alterations can participate to diet-resistance. Combined with the behavioral and psychological barriers to low-calorie diets, there is a broad physiologic spectrum of evidence indicating that weight loss is a hard challenge. Consequently, the answer would be primarily to prevent the development of obesity and at worst to avoid its ominous progression from metabolically healthy to unhealthy stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Monnier
- Institute of Clinical Research. University of Montpellier, 641 Avenue du doyen Giraud, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Schlienger
- University of Strasbourg, Medical School, 4 rue Kirschleger 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Claude Colette
- Institute of Clinical Research. University of Montpellier, 641 Avenue du doyen Giraud, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- University of Rennes, University Hospital of Rennes, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetes-Nutrition, 16 Bd de Bulgarie, 35200 Rennes, France.
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13
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Distinct Influence of Hypercaloric Diets Predominant with Fat or Fat and Sucrose on Adipose Tissue and Liver Inflammation in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194369. [PMID: 32977558 PMCID: PMC7584000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overfeeding of a hypercaloric diet leads to obesity, diabetes, chronic inflammation, and fatty liver disease. Although limiting fat or carbohydrate intake is the cornerstone for obesity management, whether lowering fat or reducing carbohydrate intake is more effective for health management remains controversial. This study used murine models to determine how dietary fat and carbohydrates may influence metabolic disease manifestation. Age-matched C57BL/6J mice were fed 2 hypercaloric diets with similar caloric content, one with very high fat and low carbohydrate content (VHF) and the other with moderately high fat levels with high sucrose content (HFHS) for 12 weeks. Both groups gained more weight and displayed hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and liver steatosis compared to mice fed a normal low-fat (LF) diet. Interestingly, the VHF-fed mice showed a more robust adipose tissue inflammation compared to HFHS-fed mice, whereas HFHS-fed mice showed liver fibrosis and inflammation that was not observed in VHF-fed mice. Taken together, these results indicate macronutrient-specific tissue inflammation with excess dietary fat provoking adipose tissue inflammation, whereas moderately high dietary fat with extra sucrose is necessary and sufficient for hepatosteatosis advancement to steatohepatitis. Hence, liver and adipose tissues respond to dietary fat and sucrose in opposite manners, yet both macronutrients are contributing factors to metabolic diseases.
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Abstract
Protein-rich diets are surging in popularity for weight loss. An increase in diet-induced thermogenesis, better preservation of fat-free mass, and enhanced satiety with greater dietary protein intakes may lead to increased energy expenditure and decreased energy intake; and thus promote a more negative energy balance that facilitates weight loss. Results from large randomized trials and meta-analyses of many smaller trials indicate that high-protein diets typically induce significantly greater amounts of weight loss than conventional low-fat or high-carbohydrate diets during the early, rapid weight loss phase (3-6 months), but differences between diets are attenuated and no longer significant during the late, slow weight loss phase (12-24 months). Gradually decreasing adherence may be responsible for this observation; in fact, dietary adherence, rather than macronutrient composition, is likely the major predictor of long-term weight loss success. Recently, some randomized trials evaluated the efficacy of high-protein (vs. normal-protein) diets consumed ad libitum during weight loss maintenance, i.e. after clinically significant weight loss. Weight regain may be smaller with high-protein diets in the short-term (3-12 months), but longer studies are needed to confirm this. Given the lack of conclusive evidence in favor of high-protein diets, or any other dietary pattern, it is reasonable to conclude that no individual nutrient is a friend or a foe when it comes to weight loss and its maintenance. Therefore, any diet that best suits one's dietary habits and food preferences is likely to be better adhered to, and thus lead to more successful long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports / Obesity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-protein diets in the management of obesity have been around for many years and have been rigorously tested for their ability to induce weight loss. Comparably less is known about their effects on the maintenance of lost weight. RECENT FINDINGS Several small and a few large randomized trials have evaluated the efficacy of high-protein diets (20-35% of calories from protein; 1.2-1.9 g/kg∙day) compared with normal-protein diets (10-20% of calories from protein; 0.8-1.3 g/kg∙day), consumed mostly ad libitum during weight loss maintenance, i.e., after clinically significant weight loss. Most of these studies indicate that weight regain in the short term (3-12 months) is lower by 1-2 kg with high-protein diets than low-protein diets. This effect is attenuated with longer periods of observation, likely because of decreasing dietary compliance. In line with findings during the active weight loss phase, studies assessing the efficacy of protein-rich diets to improve weight loss maintenance report beneficial effects in the short term, which nevertheless dissipate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports/Obesity Research, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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17
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Magkos F, Tetens I, Bügel SG, Felby C, Schacht SR, Hill JO, Ravussin E, Astrup A. A Perspective on the Transition to Plant-Based Diets: a Diet Change May Attenuate Climate Change, but Can It Also Attenuate Obesity and Chronic Disease Risk? Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1-9. [PMID: 31504086 PMCID: PMC7442415 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current dietary guidelines advocate more plant-based, sustainable diets on the basis of scientific evidence about diet-health relations but also to address environmental concerns. Here, we critically review the effects of plant-based diets on the prevalence of obesity and other health outcomes. Plant-based diets per se have limited efficacy for the prevention and treatment of obesity, but most have beneficial effects in terms of chronic disease risk. However, with the considerable possibilities of translating plant-based diets into various types of dietary patterns, our analysis suggests that potential adverse health effects should also be considered in relation to vulnerable groups of the population. A transition to more plant-based diets may exert beneficial effects on the environment, but is unlikely to affect obesity, and may also have adverse health effects if this change is made without careful consideration of the nutritional needs of the individual relative to the adequacy of the dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Address correspondence to FM (E-mail: )
| | - Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Gjedsted Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Felby
- Section for Forest, Nature, and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Rønnow Schacht
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James O Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Shu Q, Chen L, Wu S, Li J, Liu J, Xiao L, Chen R, Liang F. Acupuncture Targeting SIRT1 in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Can Improve Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Rats with Insulin Resistance via an Anorectic Effect. Obes Facts 2020; 13:40-57. [PMID: 31935731 PMCID: PMC7105640 DOI: 10.1159/000503752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anorexigenic and anti-obesity effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) on high-fat-diet-induced (HFDI) obese rats with insulin resistance (IR) and to reveal the possible mechanisms of EA affecting SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1) in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We divided 60 rats into 6 groups. All interventions, including EA and intracerebroventricular administration, were performed after 8 weeks of model establishment. We tested obesity phenotypes like body weight (BW) gain; food intake; and IR levels including glucose infusion rate, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) during treatment. We detected protein expression and microscopic locations in hypothalamic SIRT1, the transcription factor FOXO1 (forkhead box protein O1), acetylated FOXO1 (Ac-FOXO1), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) via Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and monitored gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Like the SIRT1 agonist, EA suppressed BW gain and IR levels in obese rats, but this was only partially blocked by the SIRT1 antagonist. EA could upregulate protein expression of hypothalamic SIRT1 and downregulate the acetylation level of FOXO1 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), which decreased gene expression of NPY and increased that of POMC. The agonist targeted the hypothalamic SIRT1 gene, unlike EA, which targeted posttranscriptional regulation. CONCLUSION EA could improve obesity in HFDI rats with IR via its anorectic effect. This effect targeted posttranscriptional regulation of the SIRT1 gene, which induced upregulation of ARC FOXO1 deacetylation and mediated the gene expression of POMC and NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wu
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan, China
- *Fengxia Liang, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Tanhualin, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430061 (China), E-Mail , Rui Chen, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430022 (China), E-Mail
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is traditionally viewed as straightforward counting of calories in and calories out, with little regard to the role of the adipocytes tasked with storing said calories. However, the body executes a complex compensatory response to any intervention that depletes its energy stores. Here, the authors discuss the methods used to attain weight loss, the body's response to this weight loss, and the difficulties in maintaining weight loss. Furthermore, the authors provide an overview of the literature on the physiological effects of liposuction. OBJECTIVE To describe the role of adipose tissue in energy homeostasis, methods of weight loss, weight regain, and the effect of liposuction on endocrine signaling. METHODS The authors conducted a narrative review of representative studies. CONCLUSION A variety of strategies for weight loss exist, and optimizing one's weight status may in turn optimize the aesthetic outcomes of liposuction. This is most apparent in the preferential reaccumulation of fat in certain areas after liposuction and the ability to avoid this with a negative energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Davis
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Marlton, New Jersey
| | - Naomi Lawrence
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Marlton, New Jersey.,Section of Procedural Dermatology, Cooper University Hospital, Marlton, New Jersey
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21
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Prologo JD, Lin E, Horesh Bergquist S, Knight J, Matta H, Brummer M, Singh A, Patel Y, Corn D. Percutaneous CT-Guided Cryovagotomy in Patients with Class I or Class II Obesity: A Pilot Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1255-1265. [PMID: 31339003 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the safety of percutaneous CT-guided cryoablation of the vagus nerve (percutaneous cryovagotomy) in participants with class I or class II obesity. METHODS The study was an open-label, single-group, prospective pilot investigation designed around safety-related stopping criteria. Twenty participants with 30 > BMI > 37 underwent percutaneous cryovagotomy with follow-up visits at day 7, 45, 90, and 180. Data related to adverse events, technical success, weight loss, quality of life, dietary intake, global impressions of hunger change, activity, and body composition were analyzed. RESULTS The procedural technical success rate was 100%. There were no adverse events in 19 participants who completed the trial. Ninety-five percent of patients reported decreased appetite following the procedure, and reductions in mean absolute weight and BMI were observed at all time points. The mean quality of life and activity scores improved from baseline to 6 months post procedure, and mean caloric intake and overall body fat decreased over the same period. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous CT-guided cryovagotomy is feasible and was tolerated without complications or adverse events in this cohort. Quantitative preliminary data from this pilot investigation inform the design of a larger prospective randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Prologo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward Lin
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jackie Knight
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hazem Matta
- Radiology Regional Center, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Marjin Brummer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arvinpal Singh
- Division of Bariatric Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yogi Patel
- Department of Bioengineering and Neuroengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Corn
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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22
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Scientific evidence of diets for weight loss: Different macronutrient composition, intermittent fasting, and popular diets. Nutrition 2019; 69:110549. [PMID: 31525701 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New dietary strategies have been created to treat overweight and obesity and have become popular and widely adopted. Nonetheless, they are mainly based on personal impressions and reports published in books and magazines, rather than on scientific evidence. Animal models and human clinical trials have been employed to study changes in body composition and metabolic outcomes to determine the most effective diet. However, the studies present many limitations and should be carefully analyzed. The aim of this review was to discuss the scientific evidence of three categories of diets for weight loss. There is no one most effective diet to promote weight loss. In the short term, high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets and intermittent fasting are suggested to promote greater weight loss and could be adopted as a jumpstart. However, owing to adverse effects, caution is required. In the long term, current evidence indicates that different diets promoted similar weight loss and adherence to diets will predict their success. Finally, it is fundamental to adopt a diet that creates a negative energy balance and focuses on good food quality to promote health.
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Bray GA, Heisel WE, Afshin A, Jensen MD, Dietz WH, Long M, Kushner RF, Daniels SR, Wadden TA, Tsai AG, Hu FB, Jakicic JM, Ryan DH, Wolfe BM, Inge TH. The Science of Obesity Management: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:79-132. [PMID: 29518206 PMCID: PMC5888222 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, measured by body mass index, has risen to unacceptable levels in both men and women in the United States and worldwide with resultant hazardous health implications. Genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors influence the development of obesity, and both the general public and health professionals stigmatize those who suffer from the disease. Obesity is associated with and contributes to a shortened life span, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, gout, osteoarthritis, and hepatobiliary disease, among others. Weight loss reduces all of these diseases in a dose-related manner-the more weight lost, the better the outcome. The phenotype of "medically healthy obesity" appears to be a transient state that progresses over time to an unhealthy phenotype, especially in children and adolescents. Weight loss is best achieved by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. Programs that are effective for weight loss include peer-reviewed and approved lifestyle modification programs, diets, commercial weight-loss programs, exercise programs, medications, and surgery. Over-the-counter herbal preparations that some patients use to treat obesity have limited, if any, data documenting their efficacy or safety, and there are few regulatory requirements. Weight regain is expected in all patients, especially when treatment is discontinued. When making treatment decisions, clinicians should consider body fat distribution and individual health risks in addition to body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Bray
- Department of Clinical Obesity, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - William E Heisel
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashkan Afshin
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - William H Dietz
- Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael Long
- Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Children Hospital, Denver, Colorado
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam G Tsai
- Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Donna H Ryan
- Department of Clinical Obesity, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Bruce M Wolfe
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Stefan N, Häring HU, Schulze MB. Metabolically healthy obesity: the low-hanging fruit in obesity treatment? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:249-258. [PMID: 28919065 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of several other chronic diseases and, because of its epidemic proportions, has become a major public health problem worldwide. Alarmingly, a lower proportion of adults have tried to lose weight during the past decade than during the mid-1980s to 1990s. The first-line treatment option for obesity is lifestyle intervention. Although this approach can decrease fat mass in the short term, these beneficial effects typically do not persist. If a large amount of weight loss is not an easily achievable goal, other goals that might motivate people with obesity to adopt a healthy lifestyle should be considered. In this setting, the concept of metabolically healthy obesity is useful. Accumulating evidence suggests that, although the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events might be higher in people with metabolically healthy obesity compared with metabolically healthy people of a normal weight, the risk is substantially lower than in individuals with metabolically unhealthy obesity. Therefore, every person with obesity should be motivated to achieve a normal weight in the long term, but more moderate weight loss sufficient for the transition from metabolically unhealthy obesity to metabolically healthy obesity might also lower the risk of adverse outcomes. However, how much weight needs to be lost for this transition to occur is under debate. This transition might be supported by lifestyle factors-such as the Mediterranean diet-that affect cardiovascular risk, independent of body fat. In this Series paper, we summarise available information about the concept of metabolically healthy obesity, highlight gaps in research, and discuss how this concept can be implemented in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Weight loss can be achieved through a variety of modalities, but long-term maintenance of lost weight is much more challenging. Obesity interventions typically result in early weight loss followed by a weight plateau and progressive regain. This review describes current understanding of the biological, behavioral, and environmental factors driving this near-ubiquitous body weight trajectory and the implications for long-term weight management. Treatment of obesity requires ongoing clinical attention and weight maintenance-specific counseling to support sustainable healthful behaviors and positive weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 12A South Drive, Room 4007, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Scott Kahan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; George Washington University School of Medicine, 1020 19th Street NW, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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26
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Abstract
Several dietary patterns, both macronutrient and food based, can lead to weight loss. A key strategy for weight management that can be applied across dietary patterns is to reduce energy density. Clinical trials show that reducing energy density is effective for weight loss and weight loss maintenance. A variety of practical strategies and tools can help facilitate successful weight management by reducing energy density, providing portion control, and improving diet quality. The flexibility of energy density gives patients options to tailor and personalize their dietary pattern to reduce energy intake for sustainable weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa D Smethers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802-6501
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802-6501.
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27
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Sylvetsky AC, Edelstein SL, Walford G, Boyko EJ, Horton ES, Ibebuogu UN, Knowler WC, Montez MG, Temprosa M, Hoskin M, Rother KI, Delahanty LM. A High-Carbohydrate, High-Fiber, Low-Fat Diet Results in Weight Loss among Adults at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr 2017; 147:2060-2066. [PMID: 28954840 PMCID: PMC5657137 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.252395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Weight loss is a key factor in reducing diabetes risk. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a completed clinical trial that randomly assigned individuals at high risk of diabetes to a placebo (PLBO), metformin (MET), or intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) group, which included physical activity (PA) and reduced dietary fat intake.Objective: We aimed to evaluate the associations between diet and weight at baseline and to identify specific dietary factors that predicted weight loss among DPP participants.Methods: Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The associations between intakes of macronutrients and various food groups and body weight among DPP participants at baseline were assessed by linear regression, adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, sex, calorie intake, and PA. Models that predicted weight loss at year 1 were adjusted for baseline weight, change in calorie intake, and change in PA and stratified by treatment allocation (MET, ILS, and PLBO). All results are presented as estimates ± SEs.Results: A total of 3234 participants were enrolled in the DPP; 2924 had completed dietary data (67.5% women; mean age: 50.6 ± 10.7 y). Adjusted for calorie intake, baseline weight was negatively associated with carbohydrate intake (-1.14 ± 0.18 kg body weight/100 kcal carbohydrate, P < 0.0001) and, specifically, dietary fiber (-1.26 ± 0.28 kg/5 g fiber, P < 0.0001). Baseline weight was positively associated with total fat (1.25 ± 0.21 kg/100 kcal, P < 0.0001), saturated fat (1.96 ± 0.46 kg/100 kcal, P < 0.0001), and protein (0.21 ± 0.05 kg/100 kcal, P < 0.0001). For all groups, weight loss after 1 y was associated with increases in carbohydrate intake, specifically dietary fiber, and decreases in total fat and saturated fat intake.Conclusions: Higher carbohydrate consumption among DPP participants, specifically high-fiber carbohydrates, and lower total and saturated fat intake best predicted weight loss when adjusted for changes in calorie intake. Our results support the benefits of a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-fat diet in the context of overall calorie reduction leading to weight loss, which may prevent diabetes in high-risk individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00004992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences,,Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness,,Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sharon L Edelstein
- Biostatistics Center, and,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Geoffrey Walford
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward J Boyko
- General Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound, Seattle, WA;,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Uzoma N Ibebuogu
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - William C Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ; and
| | - Maria G Montez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Marinella Temprosa
- Biostatistics Center, and,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Mary Hoskin
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ; and
| | - Kristina I Rother
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Linda M Delahanty
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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28
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Abstract
Excessive fat deposition in obesity has a multifactorial aetiology, but is widely considered the result of disequilibrium between energy intake and expenditure. Despite specific public health policies and individual treatment efforts to combat the obesity epidemic, >2 billion people worldwide are overweight or obese. The central nervous system circuitry, fuel turnover and metabolism as well as adipose tissue homeostasis are important to comprehend excessive weight gain and associated comorbidities. Obesity has a profound impact on quality of life, even in seemingly healthy individuals. Diet, physical activity or exercise and lifestyle changes are the cornerstones of obesity treatment, but medical treatment and bariatric surgery are becoming important. Family history, food environment, cultural preferences, adverse reactions to food, perinatal nutrition, previous or current diseases and physical activity patterns are relevant aspects for the health care professional to consider when treating the individual with obesity. Clinicians and other health care professionals are often ill-equipped to address the important environmental and socioeconomic drivers of the current obesity epidemic. Finally, understanding the epigenetic and genetic factors as well as metabolic pathways that take advantage of 'omics' technologies could play a very relevant part in combating obesity within a precision approach.
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29
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Bray GA, Ryan DH, Johnson W, Champagne CM, Johnson CM, Rood J, Williamson DA, Sacks FM. Markers of dietary protein intake are associated with successful weight loss in the POUNDS Lost trial. Clin Obes 2017; 7:166-175. [PMID: 28340516 PMCID: PMC5517018 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To assess the association of markers for dietary protein intake, measures of dietary adherence and demographic variables with weight loss in the POUNDS Lost study over the first 6 months and again between 6 and 24 months using data from those who completed each period. This is a secondary analysis of pooled data on completers assigned to one of four diets: 65%C/15%P/20%F (AP/LF), 55%C/25%P/20%F (HP/LF), 45%C/15%P/40%F (AP/HF) or 35%C/25%P40%F (HP/HF) in the POUNDS Lost study. Urinary nitrogen excretion, dietary adherence measured by 24-h recall and attendance at sessions, age (above and below 50 years), gender, race/ethnicity and activity by pedometry were analysed. Increased spread between protein intake at baseline and protein at 6 or 24 months, assessed by urinary nitrogen excretion, was associated with greater weight loss from baseline to 2 years. At 6 and 24 months, older age, male gender, body mass index > 30 kg m-2 and adherence to the fat and protein diets were associated with more weight loss. None of these variables was associated with a regain from 6 to 24 months. Weight regain for women in the highest carbohydrate (65%) group was significantly greater (-4.4 kg [95% CI: -5.9, -3.0]) than for women in the lowest carbohydrate group (-1.8 kg [95% CI: -3.2, -0.4 kg]) (P for interaction = 0.012). An increased spread in the difference between baseline and follow-up protein intake was associated with greater weight loss, consistent with the 'protein spread theory'. Women eating the highest carbohydrate diet regained more weight from 6 to 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Bray
- PBRC; Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the University State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Donna H. Ryan
- PBRC; Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the University State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - William Johnson
- PBRC; Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the University State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Catherine M. Champagne
- PBRC; Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the University State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Callie M. Johnson
- PBRC; Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the University State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jennifer Rood
- PBRC; Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the University State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Donald A. Williamson
- PBRC; Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the University State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- HCSPH; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and the General Clinical Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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