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Chittrakarn S, Siripaitoon P, Chusri S, Kanchanasuwan S, Charoenmak B, Hortiwakul T, Kantikit P, Kositpantawong N. Comparative immunogenicity and neutralizing antibody responses post heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) in HIV-infected patients with varying CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309734. [PMID: 38297904 PMCID: PMC10841008 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response to heterologous coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) is still unclear. Herein, our prospective cohort study aimed to compare the immune response of heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) between PLWH having CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/µL (low CD4+) and > 200 cells/µL (high CD4+). Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the percentage inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were analyzed at 2 and 12 weeks after immunization. Participants in the low and high CD4+ groups had mean CD4+ counts of 139 and 575 cell/µL, respectively. Two and 12 weeks after immunization, in the low CD4 group, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels were 159 IU/mL and 143 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb level was 71% and decreased to 47.2%, respectively. Contrarily, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels in the high CD4+ group were 273 IU/mL and 294 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb levels were 89.3% and relatively stable at 81.6%. However, although immune responses between the two study groups were not significantly different, a decline in nAb levels was observed at 12 weeks in the low CD4+ group. Therefore, a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose is suggested for immunoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorawit Chittrakarn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pisud Siripaitoon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Siripen Kanchanasuwan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Boonsri Charoenmak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Hortiwakul
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phaiwon Kantikit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Narongdet Kositpantawong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Alirezaylavasani A, Skeie LG, Egner IM, Chopra A, Dahl TB, Prebensen C, Vaage JT, Halvorsen B, Lund-Johansen F, Tonby K, Reikvam DH, Stiksrud B, Holter JC, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Munthe LA, Kared H. Vaccine responses and hybrid immunity in people living with HIV after SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:185. [PMID: 39384763 PMCID: PMC11464709 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge for people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly immune non-responders (INR) with compromised CD4 T-cell reconstitution following antiretroviral therapy (CD4 count <350 cells per mm3). Their diminished vaccine responses raised concerns about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BTI). Our in-depth study here revealed chronic inflammation in PLWH and a limited anti-Spike IgG response after vaccination in INR. Nevertheless, the imprinting of Spike-specific B cells by vaccination significantly enhanced the humoral responses after BTI. Notably, the magnitude of cellular CD4 response in all PLWH was comparable to that in healthy donors (HD). However, the polyfunctionality and phenotype of Spike-specific CD8 T cells in INR differed from controls. The findings highlight the need for additional boosters with variant vaccines, and for monitoring ART adherence and the durability of both humoral and cellular anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in INR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Alirezaylavasani
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Gail Skeie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Marie Egner
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva Børresdatter Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Prebensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Henrik Reikvam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Stiksrud
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hassen Kared
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Siregar T, Weriditi RK, Reba YA, Muttaqin MZ, Prasetya YY. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on HIV parameters in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2024; 38:1807-1808. [PMID: 39206887 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Zaenul Muttaqin
- Public Administration Study Program, Universitas Cenderawasih, Papua
| | - Yovian Yustiko Prasetya
- Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Central Java, Indonesia
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Amanah A, Ariyanto IA, Bela B, Primanagara R, Sudarmono P. Evaluation of the Effect of mRNA and Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on the Levels of Cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, and Anti-RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Biomedicines 2024; 12:2115. [PMID: 39335628 PMCID: PMC11429386 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety of the mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been demonstrated for people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, vaccine studies in PLHIV are limited, and there is a gap in which vaccine type provides the best response in PLHIV. Thus, PLHIV may benefit from mRNA vaccine types compared to inactivated vaccines. This study aims to assess the immune responses to vaccination by measuring specific antibodies (IgG) targeting the receptor binding sites (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in plasma. A total of 41 PLHIV who regularly take antiretroviral therapy (ART) over a period of six months, along with 31 individuals in a healthy control group (HC), were administered either two mRNA or inactivated vaccines. Data regarding demographics and clinical information were gathered from the medical records. An analysis was conducted on the neutralisation antibody IgG specific to RBD using the chemiluminescence microparticle assay (CMIA). The levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were quantified using the Luminex assay method from plasma samples. Data were collected in the laboratory 28 days after each vaccination. After the first vaccination, the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG was higher in PLHIV who received the mRNA vaccines than those who received inactivated vaccines (p = 0.006). The levels of mRNA in the PLHIV group showed a significant correlation with IL-2 and IFN-γ after the second vaccination (r = 0.51, p = 0.0035; r = 0.68, p = 0.002). The group of PLHIV who received the inactivated vaccine showed increased IL-2 and IFN-γ after the initial vaccination, compared to PLHIV who received the mRNA vaccine (p = 0.04; p = 0.08). Administering a two-dose vaccination is essential to increase the levels of neutralising antibodies significantly (p = 0.013) in PLHIV who have received inactivated vaccines; further study is needed to make this a recommendation. The responses observed after vaccination in PLHIV were not affected by their CD4 cell counts. PLHIV showed higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and increased IL-2 and IFN-γ levels. Our study encourages SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PLHIV regardless of its CD4 cell counts. Furthermore, the mRNA vaccine may give robust high antibody responses in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanah Amanah
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Cirebon 45132, Indonesia
| | - Ibnu Agus Ariyanto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budiman Bela
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Risnandya Primanagara
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Swadaya Gunung Jati University, Cirebon 45132, Indonesia
| | - Pratiwi Sudarmono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Wu Y, Wang X, Huang Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Wei W, Qin F, Yuan Z, Su J, Chen X, Liu J, Wen L, Shi M, Qin T, Liao Y, Lu B, Tao X, Wang C, Chen S, Li J, Liu WJ, Ye L, Liang H, Jiang J. Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2024; 16:1481. [PMID: 39339957 PMCID: PMC11437430 DOI: 10.3390/v16091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy in the general population through extensive clinical and real-world studies. However, its effectiveness in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those living with HIV (PLWH), remains limited. In this study, 20 PLWH and 15 HIV-seronegative individuals were recruited to evaluate the immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in PLWH through a prospective cohort study. The median age of the 20 PLWH and 15 HIV-seronegative individuals was 42 years and 31 years, respectively. Of the PLWH, nine had been on ART for over five years. The median anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG antibody level on d224 was higher than that on d42 (8188.7 ng/mL vs. 3200.9 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Following COVID-19 infection, the antibody level increased to 29,872.5 ng/mL on dre+90, 12.19 times higher than that on d300. Compared with HIV-seronegative individuals, the antibody level in PLWH was lower on d210 (183.3 ng/mL vs. 509.3 ng/mL, P < 0.01), while there was no difference after d224. The symptoms of COVID-19 infection in PLWH were comparable to those in HIV-seronegative individuals. In this study, the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated good immunogenicity in PLWH. The protective benefit of booster vaccinations for PLWH cannot be ignored. Implementing a booster vaccination policy for PLWH is an effective approach to providing better protection against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yunxuan Huang
- Guigang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guigang 537100, China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuexiang Xu
- Guigang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guigang 537100, China
| | - Wudi Wei
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fengxiang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinming Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liufang Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Minjuan Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tongxue Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yinlu Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Beibei Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xing Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Cuixiao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - William J Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Taton M, Willems F, Widomski C, Georges D, Martin C, Jiang Y, Renard K, Konopnicki D, Cogan A, Necsoi C, Matagne A, De Wit S, Ackerman ME, Marchant A, Dauby N. HIV-related immune activation attenuates polyfunctional IgG and memory B-cell responses to Tdap immunization during pregnancy. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105179. [PMID: 38848615 PMCID: PMC11192781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal pertussis vaccination with Tdap vaccine is recommended to protect newborns from severe postnatal infection. HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants have a higher incidence of pertussis infection and may particularly benefit from maternal immunization. The impact of HIV infection on the quality of IgG and memory B cell (MBC) responses to Tdap vaccination in pregnant women (PW) living with HIV (PWH) is unknown. METHODS In this observational study, humoral immune responses to Tdap vaccination, including IgG levels, Fc-dependent effector functions, and MBC frequencies, were measured before and after vaccination in 40 PWH and 42 HIV-uninfected PW. Placental transfer of IgG and avidity were assessed in cord blood (CB). Soluble and cellular immune activation markers were quantified at baseline. FINDINGS One month after vaccination, PWH had lower frequencies of MBC compared with HIV-uninfected PW. At delivery, PWH had attenuated pertussis-specific IgG levels and Fc-dependent effector functions. Reduced levels of maternal vaccine polyfunctional IgG and IgG avidity were transferred to HEU as compared to HIV-unexposed newborns. After adjustment with ethnicity, maternal antibody levels and gestational age at vaccination, HIV infection was independently associated with decreased levels of PT specific-IgG in CB. Both maternal and neonatal pertussis-specific IgG responses as well as PT-specific IgG avidity were inversely correlated with maternal sCD14 levels before vaccination among PWH. INTERPRETATION Maternal HIV infection is associated with attenuated humoral immune responses to Tdap vaccination that correlate with sCD14. Suboptimal transfer of maternal immunity may further increase the risk of severe pertussis infection in HEU infants. FUNDING This work was supported by IRIS Fund managed by the Foundation Roi Baudouin [2017J1820690206902], Association Vésale pour la Recherche Médicale and the Medical Council of CHU Saint-Pierre and has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, under Award No. U19AI145825. N.D. is a clinical researcher and A.M. is Research Director at the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS), Belgium. M.E.A. was partially supported by NIHNIAID1U19AI14825. This article is published with the support of the Fondation Universitaire of Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Taton
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Willems
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyprien Widomski
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daphnée Georges
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), , Brussels, Belgium; Faculty of Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katty Renard
- Clinical Research Unit, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deborah Konopnicki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Cogan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Coca Necsoi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Matagne
- Faculty of Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphane De Wit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Yang X, Zhang J, Liu Z, Chen S, Olatosi B, Poland GA, Weissman S, Li X. COVID-19 breakthrough infections among people living with and without HIV: A statewide cohort analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 139:21-27. [PMID: 38013151 PMCID: PMC10842358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize and compare COVID-19 breakthrough infections between people living with and without HIV across different phases of the pandemic. METHODS Using statewide HIV cohort data, the study population included adult residents in South Carolina (SC) (>18 years old) who were fully vaccinated between January 02, 2021 and April 14, 2022 when Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants were circulating in SC. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the association between HIV infection and breakthrough infection, adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among 2,144,415 vaccinated individuals, 8,335 were people living with HIV (PLWH) and 2,136,080 were people without HIV (PWoH). After propensity score matching, HIV infection was not significantly associated with breakthrough infection rate. However, when comparing breakthrough infections among individuals without any booster dose, PLWH had a higher risk of breakthrough infections (adjusted Hazard Ration: 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.39). Compared to PWoH, PLWH with high levels of clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4) count or viral suppression were not associated with breakthrough infections. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support a broad conclusion that COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is lower among PLWH, while we did find that PLWH had a higher risk of breakthrough infection compared to PWoH if they did not receive a booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Ziang Liu
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Shujie Chen
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Bankole Olatosi
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, USA
| | - Sharon Weissman
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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8
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Höft MA, Burgers WA, Riou C. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:184-196. [PMID: 37821620 PMCID: PMC10806256 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with HIV (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression, immune reconstitution, and viral control. While COVID-19 in those with well-controlled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals, people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH, though reduced vaccine efficacy, breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in PWH. This is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination. People with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants, but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively clear persistent infection. COVID-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. We recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in areas with a high HIV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A Höft
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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9
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Zhang X, Zhan H, Wang L, Liu Y, Guo X, Li C, Li X, Li B, Li H, Li Y, Chen Q, Gao H, Feng F, Li Y, Dai E. COVID-19 vaccination willingness among people living with HIV in Shijiazhuang, China: a cross-sectional survey. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1322440. [PMID: 38314204 PMCID: PMC10835989 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1322440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic imposed an enormous disease and economic burden worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is essential to containing the pandemic. People living with HIV (PLWH) may be more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 outcomes; thus, understanding their vaccination willingness and influencing factors is helpful in developing targeted vaccination strategies. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June and 30 August 2022 in Shijiazhuang, China. Variables included socio-demographic characteristics, health status characteristics, HIV-related characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 vaccination status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to confirm factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination willingness among PLWH. Results A total of 1,428 PLWH were included, with a 90.48% willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. PLWH were more unwilling to receive COVID-19 vaccination for those who were female or had a fair/poor health status, had an allergic history and comorbidities, were unconvinced and unsure about the effectiveness of vaccines, were unconvinced and unsure about the safety of vaccines, were convinced and unsure about whether COVID-19 vaccination would affect ART efficacy, or did not know at least a type of domestic COVID-19 vaccine. Approximately 93.00% of PLWH have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH, and 213 PLWH (14.92%) reported at least one adverse reaction within 7 days. Conclusion In conclusion, our study reported a relatively high willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH in Shijiazhuang. However, a small number of PLWH still held hesitancy; thus, more tailored policies or guidelines from the government should be performed to enhance the COVID-19 vaccination rate among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yunyan District in Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Guo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beilei Li
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fumin Feng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
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10
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Søndergaard MH, Thavarajah JJ, Churchill Henson H, Wejse CM. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med 2024; 25:16-37. [PMID: 37731375 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous publications on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) have reported inconsistent results. Additionally, a meta-analysis investigating the immunogenicity in PLWH after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose is lacking. In this article we aim to provide a systematic review and a meta-analysis studying the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PLWH and to identify potential drivers for antibody response in PLWH. METHODS We used three databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to conduct our review. Studies with information on numbers of PLWH producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or neutralizing antibodies were included. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 59 studies and illustrated a pooled serological response of 87.09% in the 10 343 PLWH after they received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. High CD4 T-cell counts and low viral load indicated that the study populations had HIV that was well treated, despite varying in location. The pooled effect increased to 91.62% for 8053 PLWH when excluding studies that used inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac). For the third vaccine dose, the pooled effect was 92.35% for 1974 PLWH. Additionally, weighted linear regression models demonstrated weak relationships between CD4 T-cell count, percentages of people with undetectable HIV load, and age compared with the percentages of PLWH producing a serological response. However, more research is needed to determine the effect of those factors on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccines show a favourable effect on immunogenicity in PLWH. However, the results are not ideal. This meta-analysis suggests that a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose and good HIV treatment procedures are vital to induce a good immunogenicity in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Morberg Wejse
- GloHAU, Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Region Midtjylland, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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11
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Qu MM, Song B, Yang BP, Wang Z, Yu M, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Song JW, Fan X, Xu R, Zhang JY, Zhou CB, Du F, Wang FS, Huang HH, Jiao YM. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection on HIV Reservoirs and T-Cell Immune Recovery in 3-Dose Vaccinated People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:2427. [PMID: 38140668 PMCID: PMC10748120 DOI: 10.3390/v15122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are a vulnerable population with a higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); therefore, vaccination is recommended as a priority. Data on viral reservoirs and immunologic outcomes for PLWH breakthrough infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are currently limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection on hematological parameters, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir size, and T-cell recovery in PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) after SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination. The results indicated that during breakthrough infection, booster vaccination with homologous and heterologous vaccines was safe in PLWH after receiving two doses of inactivated vaccination. The absolute CD4 counts decreased in the heterologous group, whereas the CD8 counts decreased in the homologous booster group after breakthrough infection in PLWH. Breakthrough infection increased HIV reservoirs and was associated with increased T-cell activation in PLWH who received virally suppressed ART and a 3-dose vaccination. According to our data, the breakthrough infection of SARS-CoV-2 may put PLWH at a greater risk for increased HIV reservoirs, even if these individuals were virally suppressed with ART after 3-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Bao-Peng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Zerui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Minrui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Fengxia Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China; (M.-M.Q.)
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12
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Li P, Wang Q, He Y, Yang C, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Liu B, Yin L, Cui Y, Hu P, Liu Y, Zheng P, Wang W, Qu L, Sun C, Guan S, Feng L, Chen L. Booster vaccination is required to elicit and maintain COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in SIV-infected macaques. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2136538. [PMID: 36239345 PMCID: PMC9980405 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2136538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTProlonged infection and possible evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in patients living with uncontrolled HIV-1 infection highlight the importance of an effective vaccination regimen, yet the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and predictive immune biomarkers have not been well investigated. Herein, we report that the magnitude and persistence of antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) elicited by an Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine are impaired in SIV-infected macaques with high viral loads (> 105 genome copies per ml plasma, SIVhi) but not in macaques with low viral loads (< 105, SIVlow). After a second vaccination, the immune responses are robustly enhanced in all uninfected and SIVlow macaques. These responses also show a moderate increase in 70% SIVhi macaques but decline sharply soon after. Further analysis reveals that decreased antibody and CMI responses are associated with reduced circulating follicular helper T cell (TFH) counts and aberrant CD4/CD8 ratios, respectively, indicating that dysregulation of CD4+ T cells by SIV infection impairs the COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine shows no impact on SIV loads or SIV-specific CMI responses. Our study underscores the necessity of frequent booster vaccinations in HIV-infected patients and provides indicative biomarkers for predicting vaccination effectiveness in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Pingchao Li State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; Liqiang Feng
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizi He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Hu
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingqian Zheng
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suhua Guan
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Ling Chen State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Vergori A, Tavelli A, Matusali G, Azzini AM, Augello M, Mazzotta V, Pellicanò GF, Costantini A, Cascio A, De Vito A, Marconi L, Righi E, Sartor A, Pinnetti C, Maggi F, Bai F, Lanini S, Piconi S, Levy Hara G, Marchetti G, Giannella M, Tacconelli E, d’Arminio Monforte A, Antinori A, Cozzi-Lepri A. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1664. [PMID: 38005996 PMCID: PMC10675416 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to estimate the rates of not achieving a robust/above-average humoral response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH) who received ≥2 doses and to investigate the role of the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the humoral response. METHODS We evaluated the humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response 1-month after the second and third doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as a proportion of not achieving a robust/above-average response using two criteria: (i) a humoral threshold identified as a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 (<90% vaccine efficacy): anti-RBD < 775 BAU/mL or anti-S < 298 BAU/mL, (ii) threshold of binding antibodies equivalent to average neutralization activity from the levels of binding (nAb titer < 1:40): anti-RBD < 870 BAU/mL or anti-S < 1591 BAU/mL. PLWH were stratified according to the CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio at first dose. Logistic regression was used to compare the probability of not achieving robust/above-average responses. A mixed linear model was used to estimate the mean anti-RBD titer at various time points across the exposure groups. RESULTS a total of 1176 PLWH were included. The proportions of participants failing to achieve a robust/above-average response were significantly higher in participants with a lower CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, specifically, a clearer gradient was observed for the CD4 count. The CD4 count was a better predictor of the humoral response of the primary cycle than ratio. The third dose was pivotal in achieving a robust/above-average humoral response, at least for PLWH with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 and a ratio > 0.6. CONCLUSIONS A robust humoral response after a booster dose has not been reached by 50% of PLWH with CD4 < 200 cells mm3. In the absence of a validated correlate of protections in the Omicron era, the CD4 count remains the most solid marker to guide vaccination campaigns in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vergori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Azzini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.A.); (E.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and the Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Costantini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Vito
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Marconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Elda Righi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.A.); (E.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Assunta Sartor
- Microbiology Unit, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Carmela Pinnetti
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Bai
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Simone Lanini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefania Piconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Gabriel Levy Hara
- Instituto Alberto Taquini de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1122AAJ, Argentina;
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.A.); (E.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Antonella d’Arminio Monforte
- Icona Foundation, 20142 Milan, Italy;
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Andrea Antinori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London NW3 2PF, UK;
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14
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Evelyn Purnomo F, Sudjarwo SA, Kuncorojakti S, Puspitasari H, A’la R, Yasmin Wijaya A, Susilowati H, Diyantoro D, Triakoso N, Setiawan B, Abdul Rantam F. Analysis of IFN-γ and CD4+ responses in comorbid and adult immunized cynomolgus monkey with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:4206-4212. [DOI: 10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Context: Vaccination as prevention to hold back the spread of COVID-19 is important since it is the most concerning health issue in the last decade. Inactivated vaccine platforms considered safer, especially for elderly and comorbid patients. Comorbidities especially Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B, has a major impact to COVID-19 infections and vaccination. To evaluate infections or vaccine response IFN- γ and CD4+ are important. IFN-γ has a role in antiviral innate response, including initiation of other cytokines, increasing MHC expression, increasing presentation of macrophage, and increasing presentation of antigen to T cell Naïve. CD4+ is associated with humoral immune response. Cynomolgus Monkey or known as Macaca fascicularis. Specifying to comorbid patients, adult Macaca fascicularis that are detected to have hepatitis B and Tuberculosis (TBC) by PCR were treated as a comorbid group. Adult Macaca fascicularis that used in this research have range from 6 to 9 years old. This study was analysed with SPSS 26 general linear model repeated measures analysis with p<0.05 Objectives: To evaluate IFN- γ and CD4+ response of vaccination Result: The result of this study showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in IFN-γ and CD4+ evaluation in both comorbid and adult groups. The elevating concentration and percentage could be the sign of induced humoral and adaptive immune system in the body. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine candidate that used in this study can increase the number of IFN-γ concentration as well as percentage of CD4+ in adult and comorbid groups of Cynomolgus Macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Evelyn Purnomo
- Master’s Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suryo Kuncorojakti
- Histology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Heni Puspitasari
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Rofiqul A’la
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Andi Yasmin Wijaya
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Helen Susilowati
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Diyantoro Diyantoro
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nusdianto Triakoso
- Internal Medicine Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Boedi Setiawan
- Clinical Surgery Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
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15
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Marchitto L, Chatterjee D, Ding S, Gendron-Lepage G, Tauzin A, Boutin M, Benlarbi M, Medjahed H, Sylla M, Lanctôt H, Durand M, Finzi A, Tremblay C. Humoral Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:2004. [PMID: 37896781 PMCID: PMC10612047 DOI: 10.3390/v15102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits strong humoral responses in the general population, humoral responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain to be clarified. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study of vaccine immunogenicity elicited after two and three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in PLWH stratified by their CD4 count. We measured the capacity of the antibodies elicited by vaccination to bind the Spike glycoprotein of different variants of concern (VOCs). We also evaluated the Fc-mediated effector functions of these antibodies by measuring their ability to eliminate CEM.NKr cells stably expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spikes. Finally, we measured the relative capacity of the antibodies to neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus after the third dose of mRNA vaccine. We found that after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, PLWH with a CD4 count < 250/mm3 had lower levels of anti-RBD IgG antibodies compared to PLWH with a CD4 count > 250/mm3 (p < 0.05). A third dose increased these levels and importantly, no major differences were observed in their capacity to mediate Fc-effector functions and neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of mRNA vaccine boosting in immuno-compromised individuals presenting low levels of CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marianne Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Mohamed Sylla
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hélène Lanctôt
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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16
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Yu H, Guo P, Yang Y, Dai J, Tang X, Li L. A three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is sufficient to elicit humoral immune responses in people living with HIV-1. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2243-2245. [PMID: 37592413 PMCID: PMC10508509 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoping Tang
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
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17
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Zhao T, Yang Z, Wu Y, Yang J. Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e176. [PMID: 37704371 PMCID: PMC10600909 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882300153x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Available data suggest that the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines might decrease in the immunocompromised population, but data on vaccine immunogenicity and safety among people living with HIV (PLWH) are still lacking. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH with healthy controls. We comprehensively searched the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The risk ratio (RR) of seroconversion after the first and second doses of a COVID-19 vaccine was separately pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Seroconversion rate was lower among PLWH compared with healthy individuals after the first (RR = 0.77, 95% confident interval (CI) 0.64-0.92) and second doses (RR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.95-0.99). The risk of total adverse reactions among PLWH is similar to the risk in the healthy group, after the first (RR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.70-1.10) and second (RR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.65-1.07) doses. This study demonstrates that the immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in fully vaccinated HIV-infected patients were generally satisfactory. A second dose was related to seroconversion enhancement. Therefore, we considered that a booster dose may provide better seroprotection for PLWH. On the basis of a conventional two-dose regimen for COVID-19 vaccines, the booster dose is very necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- The Second Department of Infectious Disease, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Griffin DW, Pai Mangalore R, Hoy JF, McMahon JH. Immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:1345-1360. [PMID: 37070539 PMCID: PMC10328433 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People with HIV (PWH) experience a greater risk of morbidity and mortality following COVID-19 infection, and poorer immunological responses to several vaccines. We explored existing evidence regarding the immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PWH compared with controls. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from January 2020 until June 2022, in addition to conference databases, to identify studies comparing clinical, immunogenicity, and safety in PWH and controls. We compared results between those with low (<350 cells/μl) and high (>350 cells/μl) CD4 + T-cell counts where possible. We performed a meta-analysis of seroconversion and neutralization responses to calculate a pooled risk ratio as the measure of effect. RESULTS We identified 30 studies, including four reporting clinical effectiveness, 27 immunogenicity, and 12 reporting safety outcomes. PWH were 3% [risk ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.95-0.99] less likely to seroconvert and 5% less likely to demonstrate neutralization responses (risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99) following a primary vaccine schedule. Having a CD4 + T-cell count less than 350 cells/μl (risk ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99) compared with a CD4 + T-cell count more than 350 cells/μl, and receipt of a non-mRNA vaccine in PWH compared with controls (risk ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96) were associated with reduced seroconversion. Two studies reported worse clinical outcomes in PWH. CONCLUSION Although vaccines appear well tolerated in PWH, this group experience poorer immunological responses following vaccination than controls, particularly with non-mRNA vaccines and low CD4 + T-cell counts. PWH should be prioritized for mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, especially PWH with more advanced immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W.J. Griffin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rekha Pai Mangalore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer F. Hoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Tan Y, Zou S, Ming F, Wu S, Guo W, Wu M, Tang W, Liang K. A tale of two conditions: when people living with HIV meet three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174379. [PMID: 37404815 PMCID: PMC10315467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, data on long-term immune responses to a homogenous booster dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine are still limited among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods A prospective cohort study with a 13-month follow-up was conducted in China between March 2021 and August 2022 to evaluate the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immunity against three doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine from before the first dose until 6 months after the booster dose vaccination among PLWH in comparison to healthy controls (HC). Results 43 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 23 HC were enrolled. Compared with HC, the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) levels among PLWH were significantly lower on days 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 after the booster dose vaccination. Among PLWH, the nAbs titers on days 14, 30, and 60 after the booster dose were significantly higher than the peak of the second dose. However, on day 180 after the booster dose, the nAbs titers were similar to the peak of the second dose vaccination. Compared with HC, the frequencies of IFN-γ-secreting and TNF-α-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells among PLWH were lower on days 14 and 180 after the booster dose vaccination. Among PLWH, increased T cell immunity was induced by the booster dose of the vaccine and kept stable on day 180 after the booster dose vaccination. Conclusion Although a homogenous booster dose following two doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH could elicit higher nAb titers, reduce antibody decay, and maintain T cell responses even 6 months after vaccination, the overall immunogenicity of the booster dose was found to be lower among PLWH than among healthy controls. Further strategies are needed to improve immunogenicity to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
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20
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Zhou Q, Zeng F, Meng Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Deng G. Serological response following COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV: a dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9893. [PMID: 37336939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To quantify the pooled rate and risk ratio of seroconversion following the uncomplete, complete, or booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRIMSA guidelines. The pooled rate and risk ratio of seroconversion were assessed using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine method and Mantel-Haenszel approach, respectively. Random-effects model was preferentially used as the primary approach to pool results across studies. A total of 50 studies involving 7160 patients living with HIV were analyzed. We demonstrated that only 75.0% (56.4% to 89.9%) patients living with HIV achieved a seroconversion after uncomplete vaccination, which improved to 89.3% (84.2% to 93.5%) after complete vaccination, and 98.4% (94.8% to 100%) after booster vaccination. The seroconversion rates were significantly lower compared to controls at all the stages, while the risk ratios for uncomplete, complete, and booster vaccination were 0.87 (0.77 to 0.99), 0.95 (0.92 to 0.98), and 0.97 (0.94 to 0.99), respectively. We concluded that vaccine doses were associated with consistently improved rates and risk ratios of seroconversion in patients living with HIV, highlighting the significance of booster vaccination for patients living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Furong Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yihuang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Guangtong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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21
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Mauas R, Urueña A, Cecchini D, Strada ML, Arietti S, Cassetti I, Nogueira NF, Salazar AS, Rodriguez VJ, Jones DL, Alcaide ML. Adverse events and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses after immunization with Sputnik V, ChAdOx1-S, and BBIBP-CorV vaccines in people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:941-946. [PMID: 36728228 PMCID: PMC10079572 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) and the development of SARS-COV-2 antibodies after Sputnik V, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV (PWH). METHODS In total, 595 adult PWH at an HIV center in Argentina from March to December 2021 were enrolled. Analysis included participants who received COVID-19 vaccination with Sputnik V, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm, and did not receive mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Clinical data, and local or systemic AEFI variables were collected using an online questionnaire after the first dose. Detection of S1-RBD IgG antibodies was performed between days 28 and 60 after the second dose in a subsample (SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescent immunoassay; Siemens). A multivariable logistic regression and spearman test were used for analyses. RESULTS Mean age was 46.1 years (SD = 11.8); 70.4% were men; and median CD4 + T cells count was 659 (500-852) cells/μl. AEFIs were reported in 214 (36.0%) participants. More participants reported AEFIs after Sputnik V (29.4%) and AstraZeneca (47.5%) than Sinopharm (13.9%) (χ 2 = 35.85, P < 0.001). Higher odds of reporting an AEFIs were associated with receiving Sputnik V [aOR = 2.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.40-6.04; P = 0.004] and AstraZeneca (aOR = 5.38; 95% CI = 2.63-11.01; P < 0.001) compared with Sinopharm. Lower odds were associated with age (aOR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.95-0.99; P < 0.001). Overall, 76 (95.0%) individuals assessed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody reached S1-RBD IgG antibody titers at least 1 U/ml; mean titer was 51.3 (SD = 51.07) U/ml. Higher antibody titers correlated with higher CD4 + T cells count (Rho = 0.280; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION NonmRNA vaccines showed a good safety profile and adequate SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses among PWH suggesting adequate protection to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas F. Nogueira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Ana S. Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital
| | - Violeta J. Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deborah L. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria L. Alcaide
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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22
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Lu T, Chen Z, Cao Y, Ao L, Li Z, Gu X, Ren X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Xiang D, Chen M, Cai D, Hu P, Zhang D, Peng M, Shi X, Ren H. Dynamic immunogenicity after primary and booster inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV: A longitudinal observational study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28730. [PMID: 37185852 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) have poor outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); vaccination reduces the associated mortality. The humoral immune response dynamics after booster inactivated vaccinations in PLWH remain unclear. In this longitudinal observational study, 100 PLWH after primary inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were consecutively recruited and followed up. After booster vaccination (BV), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were detected at 1 month from all the PLWH, and the titer increased sixfold compared to that associated with the primary vaccination (PV), similar to that in healthy controls after BV. The NAbs titer declined over time after BV, but remained higher at 6 months than after PV. The NAbs response was elevated after BV with CD4 count <200 cells/μL, it was the poorest among the different CD4 cell count subgroups. Similar results were observed for anti-RBD-IgG responses. Moreover, RBD-specific MBCs were significantly elevated after BV in PLWH. No serious AEs were observed after BV in PLWH. In conclusion, booster inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is well tolerated and can elicit robust and durable humoral responses in PLWH. PLWH may benefit from a third dose of the inactivated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Ao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zisheng Li
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Gu
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingqian Ren
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, Marchetti G. Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:51-75. [PMID: 36680700 PMCID: PMC9860243 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 have been the major pandemics overwhelming our times. Given the enduring immune disfunction featuring people living with HIV (PLWH) despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), concerns for higher incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as for suboptimal responses to the newly developed vaccines in this population arose early during the pandemics. Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between HIV and SARS-CoV-2, with a special focus on the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, current literature shows that COVID-19 severity and outcomes may be worse and immune responses to infection or vaccination lower in PLWH with poor CD4 + T-cell counts and/or uncontrolled HIV viremia. Data regarding the risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) among PLWH are extremely scarce, yet they seem to suggest a higher incidence of such condition. Scarce immunovirological control appears to be the major driver of weak immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination and worse COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH. Therefore, such individuals should be prioritized for vaccination and should receive additional vaccine doses. Furthermore, given the potentially higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, PLWH who experienced COVID-19 should be ensured a more careful and prolonged follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rovito
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Wang Y, Qiao Y, Huo Y, Wang L, Liang S, Yu M, Lan X, Song M, Zhang X, Yan Y, Xu J. The safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of CoronaVac, and the immune persistence of vaccination for six months, in people living with HIV: A multicenter prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129651. [PMID: 36993947 PMCID: PMC10040764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. However, evidence on the immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in this population is insufficient. The objective of this study is to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the two-dose schedule of Sinovac CoronaVac for 6 months postvaccination in PLWH. Methods We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study among PLWH and HIV-negative adults in China. Participants who received two doses of CoronaVac prior to the recruitment were allocated into two groups and followed up for 6 months. The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), immunoglobulin G against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein (S-IgG), and gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) were measured to assess the associations among CoronaVac immunogenicity and related factors. Adverse reactions were collected to evaluate the safety profile of vaccination. Results A total of 203 PLWH and 100 HIV-negative individuals were enrolled. A small portion of participants reported mild or moderate adverse reactions without serious adverse events. Median nAbs level in PLWH (31.96 IU/mL, IQR: 12.34-76.40) was lower than that in the control group (46.52 IU/mL, IQR: 29.08-77.30) at the 2-4 weeks postvaccination (P=0.002), and the same trend was presented for median S-IgG titer (37.09 vs. 60.02 IU/ml) (both P <0.05). The nAbs seroconversion rate in the PLWH group was also lower than in the control group (75.86% vs. 89.00%). After then, the immune responses reduced over time in term of only 23.04% of PLWH and 36.00% of HIV-negative individuals had a positive seroconversion for nAbs at 6-month. The multivariable generalized estimating equation analysis showed that PLWH with CD4+T count≥350 cells/µL presented higher immune response than PLWH with CD4+T count <350 cells/µL in terms of antibody seroconversion and titers. The immunogenicity did not differ in participants with low or high HIV viral load. The S-antigen specific IFN-γ immunity was generally stable and had a slow attenuation in both two groups for 6 months postvaccination. Conclusion The Sinovac CoronaVac was generally safe and immunogenic in PLWH, but the immunity response was inferior and the antibodies vanished faster compared to HIV-negative individuals. This study suggested a shorter than 6-month interval of prime-boost vaccination for PLWH to ensure a better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wang
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Department of infection, The Second Hospital of Huhhot, Huhhot, China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- Translational Medicine Research Center, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Infection, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Shijie Liang
- Department of infectious disease prevention, Zhengzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maohe Yu
- Department of HIV prevention, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinquan Lan
- Department of Epidemiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Moxin Song
- Department of Epidemiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide for HIV immunological non-responders receiving ART: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH - WESTERN PACIFIC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Wu S, Zou S, Ming F, Wu M, Guo W, Xing Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Tang W, Liang K. Humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination at the 3rd month among people living with HIV. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:34. [PMID: 36670363 PMCID: PMC9854032 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-07982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited, especially among those with low CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH compared to HIV negative controls (HNCs) and to determine the impact of CD4 cell count on vaccine response among PLWH. METHODS The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and the specific IgM and IgG-binding antibody responses to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the third month after the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were measured among 138 PLWH and 35 HNCs. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with the seroconversion rate of antibodies and the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, respectively. RESULTS At the end of the third month after two doses of vaccination, the seroconversion rates of IgG were comparable between PLWH (44.9%; 95% CI 36.5-53.3%) and HNCs (60.0%; 95% CI 42.9-77.1%), respectively. The median titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH were 0.57 (IQR: 0.30-1.11) log10 BAU/mL and 29.0% (95% CI 21.3-36.8%), respectively, both lower than those in HNCs (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and CD4 cell count, the titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs were comparable between PLWH and HNCs (P > 0.05). Multivariable regression analyses showed that CD4 cell count < 200/μL was independently associated with lower titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the CD4 cell count and nAbs titers in PLWH (Spearman's ρ = 0.25, P = 0.0034). CONCLUSION Our study concluded that the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH was independently associated with CD4 cell count, PLWH with lower CD4 cell count showed a weaker humoral immune response, especially those with CD4 cell count < 200/μL. This finding suggests that expanding COVID-19 vaccination coverage among PLWH is impendency. In addition, aggressive ART should be carried out for PLWH, especially for those with low CD4 cell count, to improve the immune response to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Wu
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinli Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China.
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T-cell responses induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine to wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among people with and without HIV in South Africa. AIDS 2023; 37:105-112. [PMID: 36476455 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T-cell responses 14 days after single-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccination in black Africans with and without HIV in South Africa, as well as determine the effect of AZD1222 vaccination on cell-mediated immune responses in people with HIV (PWH) with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS A total of 70 HIV-uninfected people and 104 PWH were prospectively enrolled in the multicentre, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase Ib/IIa trial (COV005). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from trial participants 14 days after receipt of first dose of study treatment (placebo or AZD1222 vaccine). T-cell responses against the full-length spike (FLS) glycoprotein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and mutated S-protein regions found in the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants were assessed using an ex-vivo ELISpot assay. RESULTS Among AZD1222 recipients without preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection, T-cell responses to FLS of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were similarly common in PWH and HIV-uninfected people (30/33, 90.9% vs. 16/21, 76.2%; P = 0.138); and magnitude of response was similar among responders (78 vs. 56 SFCs/106 PBMCs; P = 0.255). Among PWH, AZD1222 vaccinees with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, displayed a heightened T-cell response magnitude compared with those without prior infection (186 vs. 78 SFCs/106 PBMCs; P = 0.001); and similar response rate (14/14, 100% vs. 30/33, 90.9%; P = 0.244). CONCLUSION Our results indicate comparable T-cell responses following AZD1222 vaccination in HIV-uninfected people and PWH on stable antiretroviral therapy. Our results additionally show that hybrid immunity acquired through SARS-CoV-2 infection and AZD1222 vaccination, induce a heightened T-cell response.
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Gao R, Zheng C, Yang M, Dai L, Chen C, Yao J, Zhang Z, Tang L, Shi Y, Han X. Immunogenicity assessment of elder hepatocellular carcinoma patients after inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:1102-1113. [PMID: 37878494 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2274484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on immunogenicity after 3rd SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elder hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was limited. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and influencing factors of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elder HCC. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed total antibodies, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) toward SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT) as well as BA.4/5 in 304 uninfected HCC, 147 matched healthy control (HC), and 53 SARS-CoV-2 infected HCC, all aged over 60 years. The levels of antibodies were compared in the period 7-90, 91-180, and >180 days after 2nd or 3rd vaccination, respectively. RESULTS HCC had lower seropositivity than HC after 2nd dose (total antibodies, 64% vs. 92%, P < 0.0001; anti-RBD IgG, 50% vs. 77%, P < 0.0001). But 3rd dose can efficaciously close the gap (total antibodies, 96% vs. 100%, P = 0.1212; anti-RBD IgG: 87% vs. 87%, P > 0.9999). Booster effect of 3rd dose can persist >180 days in HCC (2nd vs. 3rd: total antibodies, 0.60 vs. 3.20, P < 0.0001; anti-RBD IgG, 13.86 vs. 68.85, P < 0.0001; WT NAb, 11.70 vs. 22.47, P < 0.0001). Vaccinated HCC had more evident humoral responses than unvaccinated ones after infection (total antibodies: 3.85 vs. 3.20, P < 0.0001; anti-RBD IgG: 910.92 vs. 68.85, P < 0.0001; WT NAb: 96.09 vs. 22.47, P < 0.0001; BA.4/5 NAb: 86.53 vs. 5.59, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the booster effect and protective role of 3rd dose. Our results could provide a theoretical foundation for informing decisions regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in elder HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyun Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Cuiling Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Mengwei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Liyuan Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Dongcheng District, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Zhishang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Le Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Dongcheng District, China
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Zhan H, Gao H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li H, Li X, Wang L, Li C, Li B, Wang Y, Dai E, Li Y. Booster shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces potent immune responses in people living with HIV. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28428. [PMID: 36571267 PMCID: PMC9880704 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 and evasive subvariants BA.4/5 in people living with HIV (PLWH) following a third booster shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 318 PLWH and 241 healthy controls (HC) using SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. Vaccine-induced immunological responses were compared before and after the third dose. Serum levels of IgG anti-RBD and inhibition rate of NAb were significantly elevated at the "post-third dose" sampling time compared with the pre-third dose in PLWH, but were relatively decreased in contrast with those of HCs. Induced humoral and cellular responses attenuated over time after triple-dose vaccination. The neutralizing capacity against BA.4/5 was also intensified but remained below the positive inhibition threshold. Seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in PLWH was prominently lower than that in HC. We also identified age, CD4 cell counts, time after the last vaccination, and WHO staging type of PLWH as independent factors associated with the seropositivity of antibodies. PLWH receiving booster shot of inactivated vaccines generate higher antibody responses than the second dose, but lower than that in HCs. Decreased anti-BA.4/5 responses than that of WT impede the protective effect of the third dose on Omicron prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Huixia Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xihong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina,School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Chen Li
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Beilei Li
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of AIDS, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Wang Y, Li J, Zhang W, Liu S, Miao L, Li Z, Fu A, Bao J, Huang L, Zheng L, Li E, Zhang Y, Yu J. Extending the dosing interval of COVID-19 vaccination leads to higher rates of seroconversion in people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152695. [PMID: 36936952 PMCID: PMC10017959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an effective way of protecting individuals from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, immune responses to vaccination vary considerably. This study dynamically assessed the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to the third dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine administered to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) with different inoculation intervals. Methods A total of 171 participants were recruited: 63 PLWH were placed in cohort 1 (with 3-month interval between the second and third doses), while 95 PLWH were placed in cohort 2 (with 5-month interval between the second and third doses); 13 individuals were enrolled as healthy controls (HCs). And risk factors associated with seroconversion failure after vaccination were identified via Cox regression analysis. Results At 6 months after the third vaccination, PLWH in cohort 2 had higher NAb levels (GMC: 64.59 vs 21.99, P < 0.0001) and seroconversion rate (68.42% vs 19.05%, P < 0.0001). A weaker neutralizing activity against the SARSCoV-2 Delta variant was observed (GMT: 3.38 and 3.63, P < 0.01) relative to the wildtype strain (GMT: 13.68 and 14.83) in both cohorts. None of the participants (including HCs or PLWH) could mount a NAb response against Omicron BA.5.2. In the risk model, independent risk factors for NAb seroconversion failure were the vaccination interval (hazed ration [HR]: 0.316, P < 0.001) and lymphocyte counts (HR: 0.409, P < 0.001). Additionally, PLWH who exhibited NAb seroconversion after vaccination had fewer initial COVID-19 symptoms when infected with Omicron. Discussion This study demonstrated that the third vaccination elicited better NAb responses in PLWH, when a longer interval was used between vaccinations. Since post-vaccination seroconversion reduced the number of symptoms induced by Omicron, efforts to protect PLWH with risk factors for NAb seroconversion failure may be needed during future Omicron surges. Clinical trial registration https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05075070, identifier NCT05075070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangbin Miao
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai Fu
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Er Li
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Yu, ; Yanjun Zhang,
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Yu, ; Yanjun Zhang,
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Zhang W, Liu S, Miao L, Fu A, Bao J, Zheng L, Li E, Yu J, Wang Y. Dynamics of CD4 + T-Cells and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Three Consecutive Doses of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in PLWH. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2695-2707. [PMID: 37168513 PMCID: PMC10166092 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s409147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive characterization of safety and immune responses to vaccines is crucial for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T-cell subsets and neutralizing antibody after three consecutive doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (BBIBP-CorV) among PLWH. Methods The blood samples were collected from 165 PLWH, including 66 PLWH in the 3-month interval between the second and third dose (cohort 1) and 99 PLWH in the 5-month interval (cohort 2). Blood collection for immunogenicity analysis was performed at 1-month post-2nd vaccination, pre-3rd vaccination, and within 2-month post-3rd vaccination. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was applied to compare the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell subsets and neutralizing antibody level at different time points. The relationship among CD4+ T-cells, Tregs subpopulations and SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody level were evaluated with Spearman non-parametric correlation test. Results No serious adverse reactions were found among PLWH. After two-dose or three-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, the absolute counts of CD4+ T-cells and Tregs subpopulations (CD4+CD25HighCD127Low Tregs, CD45RA+ rTregs and CD45RO+ eTregs) increased in two cohorts. Satisfactory SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody responses to the third-dose vaccination were found in two cohorts, including significantly enhanced neutralizing antibody level and high neutralizing antibody seroconversion rate. In addition, SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody level were positively associated with the absolute counts of CD4+ T-cells and Tregs subpopulations as well as the frequency of CD45RO+ eTregs in PLWH after three doses of vaccinations. Conclusion The three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were both safe and effective to increase SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T-cells and neutralizing antibody in two PLWH cohorts with different inoculation intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Miao
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai Fu
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Er Li
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianhua Yu, Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Yi Wang, Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email
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32
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Chong SH, Burn LA, Cheng TKM, Warr IS, Kenyon JC. A review of COVID vaccines: success against a moving target. Br Med Bull 2022; 144:12-44. [PMID: 36335919 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple vaccine platforms against COVID-19 have been developed and found safe and efficacious at a record speed. Although most are effective, they vary in their ease of production and distribution, their potential speed of modification against new variants, and their durability of protection and safety in certain target groups. SOURCES OF DATA Our discussion is based on published reports of clinical trials and analyses from national and global health agencies. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The production of neutralizing antibodies against the viral spike protein is protective, and all vaccines for which published data exist have been found to be effective against severe disease caused by the viral strain they target. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The degree to which vaccines protect against emerging variants, moderate disease and asymptomatic infection remains somewhat unclear. GROWING POINTS Knowledge of the duration of protection and its decay is increasing, and discussions of booster frequency and target strains are ongoing. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH The global effort to combat transmission and disease continues to rely upon intense epidemiological surveillance, whilst real-world data and clinical trials shape vaccination schedules and formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chong
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PH, UK
| | - L A Burn
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PH, UK
| | - T K M Cheng
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PH, UK.,Department of Medicine, Level 5 Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - I S Warr
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PH, UK
| | - J C Kenyon
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 8PH, UK.,Department of Medicine, Level 5 Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Ao L, Lu T, Cao Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Ren X, Xu P, Peng M, Chen M, Zhang G, Xiang D, Cai D, Hu P, Shi X, Zhang D, Ren H. Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1126-1134. [PMID: 35369854 PMCID: PMC9037169 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2059401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is important to know the safety and efficacy of vaccination in immunocompromised people living with HIV (PLWH), but currently, there is limited data on the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines' safety and immune responses in PLWH. In this prospective observational study, 139 PLWH and 120 healthy controls were enrolled and monitored for 21-105 days after a two-dose vaccination. The safety, anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) and anti-spike-IgG responses, and RBD-specific memory B cell (MBC) responses were evaluated. The overall adverse events within seven days were reported in 12.9% (18/139) of PLWH and 13.3% (16/120) of healthy controls. No serious adverse events occurred in both groups. Overall, the seroprevalence of anti-RBD-IgG in PLWH was significantly decreased (87.1% vs. 99.2%; p<0.001). The geometric mean end-point titer (GMT) of anti-RBD-IgG in PLWH was also reduced, especially in patients with CD4 counts <200 cells/µL, regardless of age, gender, or HIV viral load. GMTs of anti-RBD-IgG in both PLWH and healthy controls declined gradually over time. Similar results were also observed in the anti-spike-IgG response. The frequency of RBD-specific MBCs in PLWH decreased (p<0.05), and then remained stable over time. Lastly, through multivariate analysis, we found the factors that predicted a less robust response to inactivated vaccines in PLWH were a low CD4 count and long time interval after vaccination. In conclusion, inactivated vaccines are well-tolerated in PLWH but with low immunogenicity. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and booster doses should be given priority in PLWH, especially in patients with low CD4 counts.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05043129..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Li
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingqian Ren
- The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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34
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Zeng G, Tang J, Feng S, Xu L, Wang X, Yang Z. Failure to seroconvert after three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in a patient co-infected with HBV and HIV: A case report. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2110799. [PMID: 36048127 PMCID: PMC9746420 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the global context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall benefits of getting any COVID-19 vaccine approved by the World Health Organization for emergency use outweigh the potential risks, even in people with weakened immune systems, including people living with HIV (PLWH). At present, there are no reports of HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected patients receiving a booster dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Here, we describe a patient with HIV/HBV co-infection who did not seroconvert to three doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuidong Feng
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liumei Xu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,CONTACT Zhengrong Yang Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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35
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Chun HM, Milligan K, Agyemang E, Ford N, Rangaraj A, Desai S, Wilder-Smith A, Vitoria M, Zulu I. A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Responses in People With HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac579. [PMID: 36438620 PMCID: PMC9685180 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is a significant independent risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and death. We summarize COVID-19 vaccine responses in people with HIV (PWH). A systematic literature review of studies from January 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022, of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in PWH from multiple databases was performed. Twenty-eight studies from 12 countries were reviewed. While 22 (73%) studies reported high COVID-19 vaccine seroconversion rates in PWH, PWH with lower baseline CD4 counts, CD4/CD8 ratios, or higher baseline viral loads had lower seroconversion rates and immunologic titers. Data on vaccine-induced seroconversion in PWH are reassuring, but more research is needed to evaluate the durability of COVID-19 vaccine responses in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Chun
- Correspondence: H. M. Chun, MD, MPH, Division of Global HIV/TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, E04, Atlanta, GA 30329-4108 ()
| | - Kyle Milligan
- Division of Global HIV/TB, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Peraton, Herndon, Virginia, USA
| | - Elfriede Agyemang
- Division of Global HIV/TB, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan Ford
- Global HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Rangaraj
- Global HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shalini Desai
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Vitoria
- Global HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Li Y, Merbah M, Wollen-Roberts S, Beckman B, Mdluli T, Swafford I, Mayer SV, King J, Corbitt C, Currier JR, Liu H, Esber A, Pinyakorn S, Parikh A, Francisco LV, Phanuphak N, Maswai J, Owuoth J, Kibuuka H, Iroezindu M, Bahemana E, Vasan S, Ake JA, Modjarrad K, Gromowski G, Paquin-Proulx D, Rolland M. Coronavirus Antibody Responses before COVID-19 Pandemic, Africa and Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2214-2225. [PMID: 36220131 PMCID: PMC9622245 DOI: 10.3201/eid2811.221041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior immune responses to coronaviruses might affect human SARS-CoV-2 response. We screened 2,565 serum and plasma samples collected from 2013 through early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic began, from 2,250 persons in 4 countries in Africa (Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda) and in Thailand, including persons living with HIV-1. We detected IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) subunit 2 protein in 1.8% of participants. Profiling against 23 coronavirus antigens revealed that responses to S, subunit 2, or subunit 1 proteins were significantly more frequent than responses to the receptor-binding domain, S-Trimer, or nucleocapsid proteins (p<0.0001). We observed similar responses in persons with or without HIV-1. Among all coronavirus antigens tested, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibody responses were much higher in participants from Africa than in participants from Thailand (p<0.01). We noted less pronounced differences for endemic coronaviruses. Serosurveys could affect vaccine and monoclonal antibody distribution across global populations.
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Yin J, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang X. Immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124:212-223. [PMID: 36241168 PMCID: PMC9553964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Available data show that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in people living with HIV (PLWH) who are at increased risk for severe COVID-19. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH with healthy individuals. METHODS Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Risk ratios of seroconversion were separately pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, and a systematic review without meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer levels was performed after the first and second doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS A total of 22 studies with 6522 subjects met the inclusion criteria. After the first vaccine dose, seroconversion in PLWH was comparable to that in healthy individuals. After a second dose, seroconversion was slightly lower in PLWH compared with healthy controls, and antibody titers did not seem to be significantly affected or reduced among participants of both groups. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccines show favorable immunogenicity and efficacy in PLWH. A second dose is associated with consistently improved seroconversion, although it is slightly lower in PLWH than in healthy individuals. Additional strategies, such as a booster vaccination with messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccines, might improve seroprotection for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Institute of Evidence-based Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China.
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.
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38
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The immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transpl Immunol 2022; 75:101732. [PMID: 36328249 PMCID: PMC9618457 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inactivated (killed) vaccines against COVID-19 have been widely used for the control of the pandemic condition. We performed a systematic and meta-analysis review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy individuals. METHODS In the present study, all research and evidence were extracted from the available online databases. Two researchers randomly evaluated the assessment of the research sensitivity. Finally, after quality assessment and regarding the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, the eligible articles were entered for meta-analysis. The heterogeneity between the results of the studies was measured using test statistics (Cochran's Q) and the I2 index. The forest plots illustrated the point and pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (crossed lines). All statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive meta-Analysis V.2 software. RESULTS This meta-analysis included six primary studies investigating the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy individuals. According to the pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval), neutralizing antibody responses 28 days after receiving the second dose regarding different ages and micrograms per dose was 95.50% (CI: 93.2-97.1%). Our results showed that antibody levels were higher in the 6 μg group than in other groups. 98.3% (CI: 94.2-99.5%). CONCLUSION Since the rapid development of vaccinations has sparked widespread public anxiety regarding vaccine efficacy. Governments and unvaccinated individuals, particularly those with vaccination reluctance, will be interested in and benefit from the findings of this systematic study.
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Zou S, Guo W, Wu S, Ming F, Tan Y, Wu M, Tang W, Liang K. Six-month humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988304. [PMID: 36325346 PMCID: PMC9618892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among people living with HIV (PLWH) have not yet been systematically investigated. We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study among vaccinated PLWH and HIV-Negative Controls (HNC) to determine whether the humoral immune response effects of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine are different between the two groups of people. Totally, 46 PLWH and 38 HNC who received the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine on days 0 and 28 were enrolled. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and total specific IgM and IgG antibodies were examined on Day 0-Day190. The level and positive seroconversion rate of nAbs peaked on Day 42 in HNC while peaked on Day 70 in PLWH, then decreased gradually with the extension of the vaccination period after the peaks. The peak level of nAbs in PLWH on Day 70, (GMC 8.07 BAU/mL, 95% CI 5.67-11.48) was significantly lower than in HNC on Day 42 (GMC 18.28 BAU/mL, 95% CI 10.33-32.33, P =0.03). The decrease in the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of nAbs was observed as 42.9% in PLWH after peak level, which decreased from 8.07 BAU/mL [95% CI: 5.67-11.48] on Day 70 to 4.61 BAU/mL [95% CI: 3.35-6.34] on Day 190 (p = 0.02). On Day 190, only seven (18%, [95% CI: 6-40]) HNC and five (11%, [95% CI: 4-25]) PLWH maintained positive nAbs response respectively. The geometric mean ELISA units (GMEUs) and positive seroconversion rate of IgG in PLWH dropped significantly from Day 70 (GMEUs, 0.20 EU/mL, [95% CI: 0.13-0.34]; seroconversion, 52%, [95% CI: 34-69]) to Day 190 (GMEUs, 0.05 EU/mL, [95% CI: 0.03-0.08], P<0.001; seroconversion, 18%, [95% CI: 8-33], P<0.001). There was no significant difference in levels and seroconversion rates of nAbs and IgG between the two groups on Day 190. The peak immunogenicity of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was delayed and inferior in PLWH compared to HNC, while no significant difference was found in six-month immunogenicity between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangdong, China
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
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40
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Jin J, Wang X, Carapito R, Moog C, Su B. Advances in Research on COVID-19 Vaccination for People Living with HIV. INFECTIOUS DISEASES & IMMUNITY 2022; 2:213-218. [PMID: 37520898 PMCID: PMC9612416 DOI: 10.1097/id9.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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41
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Chan DPC, Wong NS, Wong BCK, Chan JMC, Lee SS. Three-Dose Primary Series of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine for Persons Living with HIV, Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2130-2132. [PMID: 36048772 PMCID: PMC9514347 DOI: 10.3201/eid2810.220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cohort of persons living with HIV in Hong Kong, surrogate virus neutralization testing for COVID-19 yielded a median level of 89% after the third dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, compared with 37% after the second dose. These results support using a 3-dose primary series for enhanced immune protection.
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42
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Kang L, Shang W, Gao P, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu M. Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091569. [PMID: 36146647 PMCID: PMC9503586 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from 1 January 2020 to 28 April 2022 and included observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and non-randomized clinical trials reporting extractable data about the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH. RESULTS A total of 34 eligible studies covering 4517 PLWH were included. The pooled seroconversion rates among PLWH after the first and second doses were 67.51% (95% confident interval (CI) 49.09-85.93%) and 96.65% (95%CI 95.56-97.75%), respectively. The seroconversion was similar between PLWH and healthy controls after the first (risk ratio (RR) = 0.89, 95%CI 0.76-1.04) and the second (RR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.93-1.00) dose. Moreover, the geometric mean titer (GMT) showed no significant difference between PLWH and healthy controls after the first dose (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.30, 95%CI -1.11, 1.70) and the second dose (SMD = -0.06, 95%CI -0.18, 0.05). Additionally, the pooled incidence rates of total adverse events among PLWH after the first and the second dose were 46.55% (95%CI 28.29-64.82%) and 30.96% (95%CI 13.23-48.70%), respectively. There was no significant difference in risks of total adverse events between PLWH and healthy controls after the first (RR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.67-1.10) and the second (RR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.68-1.14) dose. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggested that the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH were acceptable. There was no significant difference in the seroconversion rates and incidence rates of adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines between PLWH and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-82805146
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Xueying Y, Zhang J, Olatosi B, Weissman S, Li X. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among people living with and without HIV in South Carolina, USA: protocol of a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067095. [PMID: 35998950 PMCID: PMC9402448 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes, a small percentage of fully vaccinated persons will develop symptomatic or asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2, which is referred to as 'breakthrough COVID-19'. People living with HIV (PLWH) appear to have an elevated risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, yet the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in this population remains unclear due to the limited research efforts in this population in the real world. This study aims to characterise and compare the breakthrough COVID-19 (eg, prevalence and disease severity) between PLWH and non-PLWH and then examine whether HIV markers play a role in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness within the PLWH population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This cohort study will merge electronic health records data from multiple data sources in South Carolina (SC), including the 'HIV Cohort' (n=12 203) identified from the statewide Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System, 'Vaccine Cohort' from the Statewide Immunisation Online Network which provides patient-level immunisation records (n=~1.71 million), and 'COVID-19 Cohort' which includes healthcare encounters and COVID-19 diagnosis information for all individuals who were tested for COVID-19 (n=~3.41 million). The PLWH will be matched with a comparison group of non-PLWH by the propensity score matching method. To distinguish the role of immunity level in affecting the vaccine effectiveness, we will conduct subgroup analyses to compare the outcome of virally controlled and immunosuppressed PLWH with non-PLWH. Conditional logistic regression and generalised linear models will be employed to analyse the relationship between HIV status and protection durability by adjusting for potential confounders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of South Carolina (Pro00117583) as a Non-Human Subject study. The study's findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences and through social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xueying
- Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bankole Olatosi
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Health Services, Policy and Management, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sharon Weissman
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Mullender C, da Costa KAS, Alrubayyi A, Pett SL, Peppa D. SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine strategies in people with HIV. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:iqac005. [PMID: 36846557 PMCID: PMC9452103 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, based on the ancestral Wuhan strain, were developed rapidly to meet the needs of a devastating global pandemic. People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH) have been designated as a priority group for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in most regions and varying primary courses (two- or three-dose schedule) and additional boosters are recommended depending on current CD4+ T cell count and/or detectable HIV viraemia. From the current published data, licensed vaccines are safe for PLWH, and stimulate robust responses to vaccination in those well controlled on antiretroviral therapy and with high CD4+ T cell counts. Data on vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity remain, however, scarce in PLWH, especially in people with advanced disease. A greater concern is a potentially diminished immune response to the primary course and subsequent boosters, as well as an attenuated magnitude and durability of protective immune responses. A detailed understanding of the breadth and durability of humoral and T cell responses to vaccination, and the boosting effects of natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2, in more diverse populations of PLWH with a spectrum of HIV-related immunosuppression is therefore critical. This article summarizes focused studies of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH and provides a comprehensive review of the emerging literature on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses. Emphasis is placed on the potential effect of HIV-related factors and presence of co-morbidities modulating responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the remaining challenges informing the optimal vaccination strategy to elicit enduring responses against existing and emerging variants in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mullender
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London Institute for Global Health, London, UK
| | - Kelly A S da Costa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah L Pett
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London Institute for Global Health, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, London, UK
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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Piano Mortari E, Pulvirenti F. COVID-19 infection and vaccination in immunodeficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:259-261. [PMID: 35972956 PMCID: PMC9384801 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 2 years and a half, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, causing about 6 million deaths. Clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from entirely asymptomatic infection to multiorgan failure and death. The outcome in immunocompromised patients is still a matter of debate, and so are the optimal strategies to prevent or treat the infection in these high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Piano Mortari
- B cell unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 00146 Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Pulvirenti
- Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Wong NS, Wong BCK, Chan JMC, Wong KH, Tsang OTY, Mok CKP, Hui DSC, Lee SS, Chan DPC. Surrogate neutralization responses following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination in people with HIV: comparison between inactivated and mRNA vaccine. AIDS 2022; 36:1255-1264. [PMID: 35466962 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with HIV (PWH) co-infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are at higher odds of severe diseases. Whereas the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccine and adenovirus-vectored vaccine was similar between PWH in stable condition and healthy adults, the effects of inactivated vaccines are not known. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal observational study in real-world setting. METHODS Adult PWH in care and planning to receive either inactivated (day 0 and day 28) or mRNA-based (day 0 and day 21) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited, with blood samples collected over 6 months for surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Demographic and clinical data including age, sex, CD4 + cell count, and suppressed viral load (SVL) status were transcribed for analyses, by simple and multivariable linear regression models, and multivariable linear generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS A total of 611 HIV patients, 91% male patients, were recruited, of whom 423 and 184 have received mRNA-based and inactivated vaccine, respectively. The seroconversion rate was 99% for mRNA-based vs, 86% for inactivated vaccine [odds ratio (OR) = 21.56, P = 0.004]. At 6 months, mRNA-based vaccine continued to give a higher response (94 vs. 57%, P < 0.001). The temporal pattern varied between the two vaccines. By GEE, mRNA-based vaccine ( B = 40.59, P < 0.001) and latest SVL status ( B = 10.76, P = 0.01) were positively associated with sVNT level, but not latest CD4 + cell count. CONCLUSION In HIV patients, inactivated vaccine gave a lower peak and shorter duration of sVNT responses compared with mRNA vaccine. The results suggested that different strategies may be needed in boosting the immunity in anticipation of the emergence of variants in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngai Sze Wong
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases
- The JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie C K Wong
- Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government
| | - Jacky M C Chan
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - Ka Hing Wong
- Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government
| | - Owen T Y Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - Chris K P Mok
- The JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Hong, China
| | - David S C Hui
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Wu S, Zou S, Ming F, Wu M, Guo W, Xing Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Tang W, Liang K. Humoral Immune Response to Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination at the 3rd Month among People Living with HIV. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-1750225. [PMID: 35794897 PMCID: PMC9258300 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1750225/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Research on the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited, especially among those with low CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH compared to HIV negative controls (HNC) and to determine the impact of CD4 cell count on vaccine response among PLWH. Methods: The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and the specific IgM and IgG-binding antibody responses to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the third month after the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were measured among 138 PLWH and 35 HNC. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with the seroconversion rate of antibodies and the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, respectively. Results: At the end of the third month after two doses of vaccination, the seroconversion rates of IgG were comparable between PLWH (8.7%; 95%CI, 3.9-13.5%) and HNC (11.4%; 95%CI, 0.3-22.5%), respectively. The median titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH were 0.57 (IQR: 0.30-1.11) log 10 BAU/mL and 29.0% (95%CI: 21.3-36.8%), respectively, both lower than those in HNC ( P <0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and CD4 cell count, the titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs were comparable between PLWH and HNC (P>0.05). Multivariable regression analyses showed that CD4 cell count<200 /μL was independently associated with lower titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH ( P <0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the CD4 cell count and nAbs titers in PLWH (Spearman'sρ=0.25, P =0.034). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH was independently associated with CD4 cell count, PLWH with lower CD4 cell count showed a weaker humoral immune response, especially those with CD4 cell count<200 /μL. This finding suggests that expanding COVID-19 vaccination coverage among PLWH is impendency. In addition, aggressive ART should be carried out for PLWH, especially for those with low CD4 cell count, to improve the immune response to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Zou
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiming Tang
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China
| | - Ke Liang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
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Zeng G, Xu L, Feng S, Tang J, Wang X, Li G, Gan Y, Zheng C, Zhao J, Yang Z. IgG Antibody Responses and Immune Persistence of Two Doses of BBIBP-CorV Vaccine or CoronaVac Vaccine in People Living with HIV (PLWH) in Shenzhen, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:880. [PMID: 35746488 PMCID: PMC9231003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the immunogenicity and immune persistence of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PLWH in the real world. We collected blood samples from 132 PLWH aged 18−59 years who were vaccinated with two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine (Sinopharm) or CoronaVac vaccine (SinoVac) at 28 ± 7 days and 180 ± 20 days the after second dose, to detect the level of Spike receptor binding domain-protein specific IgG (S-RBD-IgG) by using chemiluminescence. We found that the BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine induced lower S-RBD-IgG antibody seropositivity rates and levels in PLWH than in healthy controls (HCs). The BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine induced lower humoral immune responses in PLWH, having lower CD4+T cell counts (<350 cells/μL) compared to PLWH, and having higher CD4+T cell counts (≥350 cells/μL) after a second dose of vaccination. The BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine induced lower S-RBD-IgG antibody levels in PLWH, having CD4+T cell counts ≥350 cells/μL compared to HCs. No negative effects were observed in terms of the CD4+T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load (VL) of PLWH after vaccination. Ninety-nine PLWH and eighty-three HCs completed a second blood collection for testing; we found a statistically significant decrease in the humoral immune response both in PLWH and HCs from 28 days to 180 days after a second dose of BBIBP-CorV vaccine or CoronaVac vaccine. The S-RBD-IgG antibody induced by the BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine declined faster in the PLWH population than in the healthy population, and two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine or the CoronaVac vaccine may not be enough to provide PLWH with persistent immunity against SARS-CoV-2. It is necessary for PLWH to be prioritized for a third dose over the healthy population, but the immunogenicity of the third dose of the homologous or heterologous vaccine requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.Z.); (S.F.); (J.T.)
- Department of HIV/STDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.W.); (G.L.); (Y.G.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Liumei Xu
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518020, China;
| | - Shuidong Feng
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.Z.); (S.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.Z.); (S.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of HIV/STDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.W.); (G.L.); (Y.G.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Guilian Li
- Department of HIV/STDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.W.); (G.L.); (Y.G.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yongxia Gan
- Department of HIV/STDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.W.); (G.L.); (Y.G.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chenli Zheng
- Department of HIV/STDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.W.); (G.L.); (Y.G.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of HIV/STDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.W.); (G.L.); (Y.G.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.Z.); (S.F.); (J.T.)
- Department of HIV/STDS Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.W.); (G.L.); (Y.G.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Wu S, Ming F, Xing Z, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Guo W, Zou S, Liu J, Liu Y, Liang K. COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness Among People Living With HIV in Wuhan, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:883453. [PMID: 35615040 PMCID: PMC9124942 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.883453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is essential to controlling the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). People living with HIV (PLWH) were considered more vulnerable to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared with the general population. Therefore, it is urgent to protect PLWH from SARS-CoV-2 infection. For PLWH, vaccine hesitancy could be more common and may compromise vaccine coverage. Our study aimed to investigate the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH and associated factors. A cross-sectional online survey was performed among PLWH and the general population from 4 April to 18 April 2021 in Wuhan, China. The multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze associated factors for COVID-19 vaccination willingness among PLWH. A total of 556 PLWH and 570 individuals from the general population were enrolled. The COVID-19 vaccine willingness among PLWH was 60.8%, which was relatively lower than that in the general population (80.9%) (P < 0.001). The results of multivariable analysis indicated that PLWH with comorbidities (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.25–3.45), those who had idea about PLWH would be more serious if they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.11–2.51) and those who thought their antiretroviral therapy (ART) would be affected by COVID-19 epidemic (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.22–3.42) had higher willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination. PLWH who had a monthly income over 5,000 RMB (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.92) and had a sex orientation as non-homosexual (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.96) were associated with lower willingness for COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings showed that the PLWH had a lower willingness for COVID-19 vaccination compared with the general population in Wuhan. Targeted interventions such as health education should be conducted to increase the willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH, thus enhancing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Wu
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanhui Zhu
- Medical Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinli Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Liu
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Ke Liang
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50
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Madhi SA, Moodley D, Hanley S, Archary M, Hoosain Z, Lalloo U, Louw C, Fairlie L, Fouche LF, Masilela MSL, Singh N, Grobbelaar C, Ahmed K, Benadé G, Bhikha S, Bhorat AE, Bhorat Q, Joseph N, Dheda K, Esmail A, Foulkes S, Goga A, Oommen Jose A, Kruger G, Kalonji DJ, Lalloo N, Lombaard JJ, Lombard Koen A, Kany Luabeya A, Mngqibisa R, Petrick FG, Pitsi A, Tameris M, Thombrayil A, Vollgraaff PL, Cloney-Clark S, Zhu M, Bennett C, Albert G, Faust E, Plested JS, Fries L, Robertson A, Neal S, Cho I, Glenn GM, Shinde V. Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine in people living with and without HIV-1 infection: a randomised, controlled, phase 2A/2B trial. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e309-e322. [PMID: 35489376 PMCID: PMC9045746 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV-1, who could be at increased risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a Matrix-M adjuvanted recombinant spike protein nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373; Novavax) in HIV-negative people and people living with HIV-1. METHODS In this randomised, observer-blinded, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 2A/B trial in South Africa, participants aged 18-84 years, with and without underlying HIV-1, were enrolled from 16 sites and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive two intramuscular injections of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo, 21 days apart. People living with HIV-1 were on stable antiretroviral therapy and had an HIV-1 viral load of less than 1000 copies per mL. Vaccine dosage was 5 μg SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein with 50 μg Matrix-M adjuvant, whereas 0·9% saline was used as placebo injection (volume 0·5 mL each). All study staff and participants remained masked to study group assignment. We previously reported an interim analysis on the efficacy and safety of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine (coprimary endpoints). In this Article, we present an expanded safety analysis for the full cohort of participants and report on the secondary objective of vaccine immunogenicity in the full cohort of people living with HIV-1 and in HIV-negative individuals overall and stratified by baseline SARS-CoV-2 serostatus. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04533399, and the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202009726132275. FINDINGS Participants were enrolled between Aug 17 and Nov 25, 2020. The safety analysis set included 4164 HIV-negative participants (2089 in the intervention group and 2075 in the placebo group) and 244 people living with HIV-1 (122 in the intervention group and 122 in the placebo group). 1422 (34·1%) of 4164 HIV-negative people and 83 (34·0%) of 244 people living with HIV-1 were categorised as baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive (ie, anti-spike IgG reactive at enrolment or had a reactive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test by 14 days after the second study vaccination). In the NVX-CoV2373 group, solicited local and systemic adverse events were more common in HIV-negative participants (427 [30·6%] local and 401 [28·7%] systemic) than in people living with HIV-1 (20 [25·3%] local and 20 [25·3%] systemic) among those who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-seronegative (naive). Of the serious adverse events that occurred among HIV-negative people (of whom, two [0·1%] were baseline SARS-CoV-2-negative and four [0·6%] were baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive) and people living with HIV-1 (for whom there were no serious adverse events) in the NVX-CoV2373 group, none were assessed as related to the vaccine. Among participants who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-negative in the NVX-CoV2373 group, the anti-spike IgG geometric mean titres (GMTs) and seroconversion rates (SCRs) were lower in people living with HIV-1 (n=62) than in HIV-negative people (n=1234) following the first vaccination (GMT: 508·6 vs 1195·3 ELISA units [EU]/mL; SCR: 51·6% vs 81·3%); and similarly so 14 days after the second vaccination for GMTs (14 420·5 vs 31 631·8 EU/mL), whereas the SCR was similar at this point (100·0% vs 99·3%). In the NVX-CoV2373 group, anti-spike IgG GMTs 14 days after the second vaccination were substantially higher in those who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive than in those who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-seronegative for HIV-negative participants (100 666·1 vs 31 631·8 EU/mL) and for people living with HIV-1 (98 399·5 vs 14 420·5 EU/mL). This was also the case for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding antibody and neutralising antibody titres. INTERPRETATION The safety of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine in people living with HIV-1 was similar to that in HIV-negative participants. However, people living with HIV-1 not previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 had attenuated humoral immune responses to NVX-CoV2373 compared with their HIV-negative vaccine counterparts, but not so if they were baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive. FUNDING Novavax and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; investigational vaccine manufacturing support was provided by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir A Madhi
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Dhayendre Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sherika Hanley
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Umesh Lalloo
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Louw
- Madibeng Centre for Research, Department of Family Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lee Fairlie
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nishanta Singh
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Verulam and Isipingo Clinical Research Site, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Khatija Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane, South Africa
| | - Gabriella Benadé
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sutika Bhikha
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Qasim Bhorat
- Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aliasgar Esmail
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ameena Goga
- Health Systems Research Unit and HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aylin Oommen Jose
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Dishiki J Kalonji
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council, Isipingo, South Africa
| | - Natasha Lalloo
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Anthonet Lombard Koen
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Angelique Kany Luabeya
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Verulam and Isipingo Clinical Research Site, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Annah Pitsi
- Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane, South Africa
| | - Michele Tameris
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Verulam and Isipingo Clinical Research Site, Durban, South Africa
| | - Asha Thombrayil
- Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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