1
|
He F, Hu S, Liu R, Li X, Guo S, Wang H, Tian G, Qi Y, Wang T. Decoding the biological toxicity of phenanthrene on intestinal cells of Eisenia fetida: Effects, toxicity pathways and corresponding mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166903. [PMID: 37683861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene is frequently detected and exists extensively in the soil environment, and its residues inevitably impose a significant threat to soil organisms. Exposure to and toxicity of phenanthrene on earthworms has been extensively studied before, however, the possible mechanisms and related pathways associated with phenanthrene-triggered toxicity at the intestinal cell level remain unclear. Herein, primary intestinal cells isolated from Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta) intestine were used as targeted receptors to probe the molecular mechanisms involved in ROS-mediated damaging effects and the potential pathways of phenanthrene-induced toxicity at cellular and sub-cellular levels. Results indicated that phenanthrene exposure induced oxidative stress by activating intracellular ROS (elevated O2-, H2O2, and OH- content) bursts in E. fetida intestinal cells, causing various oxidative damage effects, including lipid peroxidation (increased MDA content), protein oxidation (enhanced PCO levels), and DNA damage (enhanced 8-OHdG levels). The enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies in earthworm cells were activated to mitigate these detrimental effects by regulating ROS-mediated pathways involving defense regulation. Also, phenanthrene stress destroyed the cell membrane of E. fetida intestinal cells, resulting in cellular calcium homeostasis disruption and cellular energetic alteration, ultimately causing cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis/death. More importantly, the mitochondrial dysfunction in E. fetida cells was induced by phenanthrene-caused mitochondrial membrane depolarization, which in turn caused un-controlled ROS burst and induced apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase-3 activation and ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Furthermore, exposure to phenanthrene activated an abnormal mRNA expression profile associated with defense regulation (e.g., Hsp70, MT, CRT, SOD, CAT, and GST genes) in E. fetida intestinal cells, resulting in various cellular dysfunctions and pathological conditions, eventually, apoptotic cell death. Taken together, this study offers valuable insights for probing the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms posed by phenanthrene at the intestinal cell level, and is of great significance to estimate the detrimental side effects of phenanthrene on soil ecological health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yuntao Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tóth Z, Dombos M, Hornung E. Urban soil quality deteriorates even with low heavy metal levels: An arthropod-based multi-indices approach. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2848. [PMID: 36938710 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Urban-induced habitat conversion drastically changes soil life in a variety of ways. Soil sealing, human disturbance, habitat fragmentation, industrial and vehicular pollution are the main causes of urban soil degradation. Soil arthropods, as one of the most abundant and diverse group of soil fauna, are involved in many soil processes that are of great importance in maintaining soil health and multifunctionality. Nevertheless, soil quality is still mainly characterized by physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. Here, we assessed and compared the biological soil quality in woody (REF: reference forest, REM: remnant forest) and nonwoody (TURF: public turfgrass, and RUD: ruderal habitat) types of urban green spaces along a disturbance and management intensity gradient in the Budapest metropolitan area (Hungary), using community metrics and soil arthropod-based indicators. Vegetation cover and landscape characteristics of study sites were quantified through vegetation and urbanization indices, respectively. Basic soil properties, total and bioavailable concentrations of the main heavy metals (Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Zn) were also measured. Acari, Collembola, and Hymenoptera (mainly Formicidae) were the most abundant groups. Litter-dweller taxa, particularly Protura, proved to be the most sensitive to urban disturbance. Representatives of Hemiptera, Diptera, Symphyla, and Pauropoda were common in low densities. The taxonomic diversity of soil arthropod assemblages in nonwoody and woody habitats was similar. Although the integrated faunal indices showed no differences among soil habitat types, they provided different responses and, consequently, different information. Our findings demonstrated that the biological quality and arthropod community structure of soils were strongly impacted by soil C/N and heavy metal contamination. We found that low and moderate levels of pollution have adverse effects on edaphic fauna, suggesting biological degradation of soils, even below pollution limits. Nevertheless, more disturbed urban green spaces have been shown to play a significant role in maintaining belowground biodiversity, thereby soil functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Tóth
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dombos
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elisabeth Hornung
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tőzsér D, Mizser S, Karaffa K, Málik-Roffa H, Magura T. A meta-analysis-based evaluation of metallic element accumulation in earthworms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107546. [PMID: 36183488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The responses of earthworms to excess soil element concentrations are well studied. However, published information on the metallic element accumulation in individuals is controversial. In this paper, the published data on earthworm As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn whole body concentrations were evaluated in individuals collected from contaminated and uncontaminated (control) soils, using meta-analyses. The role of soil pH and exposure time as potential influencing factors on metal accumulation was also assessed. Based on the evaluations, the accumulation of each metallic element was significantly (p < 0.05) more intensive in individuals collected from contaminated soils than in ones from control soils, with minor differences in the order of accumulation intensity among the studied metallic elements. Further, major interspecific differences were indicated in the accumulation, with different species being the most intensive accumulators for individual metallic elements. Among the studied metals, Cu concentration in earthworm bodies increased significantly with increasing soil pH. As for the exposure time-dependent accumulation, Pb concentration was found to decrease significantly with time in whole body tissues of earthworms. These results suggested a high variability in metal- and species-specific accumulation-excretion patterns of earthworms, influenced also by other external factors. Based on the results highlighted in this meta-analysis, accumulation schemes raise the need for further analyses involving other additional variables (e.g., soil type, organic matter content, climatic condition) to get a better understanding of element cycle-earthworm relations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Tőzsér
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Mizser
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Karaffa
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Málik-Roffa
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Magura
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; ELKH-DE Anthropocene Ecology Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao R, Ali A, Xu Y, Abdelrahman H, Li R, Lin Y, Bolan N, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Zhang Z. Earthworms as candidates for remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils and mitigating the environmental and human health risks: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106924. [PMID: 34634621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global concerns towards potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are steadily increasing due to the significant threats that PTEs pose to human health and environmental quality. This calls for immediate, effective and efficient remediation solutions. Earthworms, the 'ecosystem engineers', can modify and improve soil health and enhance plant productivity. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the potential of earthworms, alone or combined with other soil organisms and/or soil amendments, to remediate PTEs contaminated soils. However, the use of earthworms in the remediation of PTEs contaminated soil (i.e., vermiremediation) has not been thoroughly reviewed to date. Therefore, this review discusses and provides comprehensive insights into the suitability of earthworms as potential candidates for bioremediation of PTEs contaminated soils and mitigating environmental and human health risks. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed: i) the occurrence and abundance of earthworms in PTEs contaminated soils; ii) the influence of PTEs on earthworm communities in contaminated soils; iii) factors affecting earthworm PTEs accumulation and elimination, and iv) the dynamics and fate of PTEs in earthworm amended soils. The technical feasibility, knowledge gaps, and practical challenges have been worked out and critically discussed. Therefore, this review could provide a reference and guidance for bio-restoration of PTEs contaminated soils and shall also help developing innovative and applicable solutions for controlling PTEs bioavailability for the remediation of contaminated soils and the mitigation of the environment and human risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang C, Ge Y, Yue S, Qiao Y, Liu L. Impact of soil metals on earthworm communities from the perspectives of earthworm ecotypes and metal bioaccumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124738. [PMID: 33316673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study elucidates the impact of soil metal contamination on earthworm communities at the ecotype level. A total of 292 earthworms belonging to 13 species were collected in metal-contaminated soils from Wanshou (WSC), Daxing (DXC) and Lupu (LPC) plots (1.40-6.60, 29.4-126, 251-336 and 91.9-109 mg/kg for soil Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, respectively) in Hunan Province, southern China. The results showed that the total earthworm density and biomass significantly decreased along the increasing metal-contaminated gradient while epigeic earthworms became more dominant than anecic and endogeic earthworms. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH, total nitrogen and Cd concentration were the primary factors influencing earthworm communities, explaining 33.7%, 29.1% and 26.7% of the total variance, respectively. In addition, epigeic earthworm Metaphire californica bioaccumulated more Cd (0.27-0.60 mmol/kg), while endogeic earthworm Amynthas hupeiensis and anecic earthworm Amynthas asacceus bioaccumulated more Cu (0.55-1.62 mmol/kg) and Zn (2.86-6.46 mmol/kg) from soil, respectively, which were related to their habit soils and showed the species-specific bioaccumulation features. Our study discovered the diverse responses of earthworm ecotypes to metal contamination and their specific features of metal bioaccumulation, provide insight for soil risk assessments and for biodiversity conservation from a niche partitioning perspective. CAPSULE: Earthworms of different ecotypes showed different responses to soil metal contamination and species-specific features of metal bioaccumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Longsheng Liu
- Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421151, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Wang M, Jiang R, Zheng L, Chen W. Evaluation of joint toxicity of heavy metals and herbicide mixtures in soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 94:137-146. [PMID: 32563477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that a simplified and robust approach to evaluating thecombined effects of chemical mixtures is critical for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminated soil. The earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was used as a model to study the combined effects of polymetallic contamination and the herbicide siduron in field soil using a microcosm experiment. The responses of multiple biomarkers, including the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE), the concentrations of glycogen, soluble protein (SP), malonaldehyde (MDA), and metallothionein (MT), and the neutral red uptake test (NRU), were investigated. Multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spearman's Rank Correlations analysis (BVSTEP) revealed that the activities of AChE and CAT and the NRU content were the prognostic biomarkers capturing the minimum data set of all the variables. Internal Cd (tissue Cd) in earthworms was closely related to the health status of worms under combined contamination of heavy metals and siduron. The integrated effect (Emix) calculated based on the activities of AChE and CAT and NRU content using the stress index method had significantly linear regression with internal Cd (p<0.01). Emix(10), Emix(20), and Emix(50) were then calculated, at 1.27, 1.63 and 2.71 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. It could be concluded that a bioassay-based approach incorporating multivariate analysis and internal dose was pragmatic and applicable to evaluating combined effects of chemical mixtures in soils under the guidance of the top-down evaluation concept of combined toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He C, Arizono K, Ji H, Yakushiji Y, Zhang D, Huang K, Ishibashi Y. Spatial distribution characteristics of mercury in the soils and native earthworms (Bimastos parvus) of the leachate-contaminated zone around a traditional landfill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1565-1576. [PMID: 29913617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contents and spatial distribution of mercury (Hg), including soil-Hg fractionation and Hg-containing native earthworm Bimastos parvus (B. parvus) species, were investigated in the leachate-contaminated zone of a large traditional landfill, Japan. Soil-Hg was fractionated into 5 categories: F1/water soluble Hg (Hg-w), F2/human stomach acid soluble Hg (Hg-h), F3/organic-chelated (Hg-o), F4/elemental Hg (Hg-e), and F5/mercuric sulfide (Hg-s). The total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) of native B. parvus, and the geochemical properties of soils were examined in this study. Soil T-Hg concentration ranged between 0.227 and 2.919 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw). The T-Hg and MeHg concentrations of B. parvus species ranged from 1.242 to 6.775 mg kg-1 dw and from 0.031 to 0.218 mg kg-1 dw, respectively. Percentages of soil-Hg fractions were in the order of F3/Hg-o > F4/ Hg-e > F5/Hg-s > F1/Hg-w > F2/Hg-h, and the fractions of Hg-o and Hg-e were 55.50% and 35.31%, respectively. Similar distributions and close correlations between the levels of B. parvus Hg and soil Hg-o, Hg-e, and Hg-s were observed in this study. The distribution of Hg in B. parvus was associated with soil organic matter (SOM) content and particle size (sand, clay); however, it was not correlated with Hg-w or Hg-h. The results indicated that easily bioavailable and soluble Hg fractions (Hg-w, Hg-h) of the soil were not appropriate to illustrate the distribution of Hg in native B. parvus. Instead, the stable soil-Hg fractions (Hg-o, Hg-e, and Hg-s) demonstrated good relationships of spatial distribution with B. parvus Hg in leachate-contaminated soil. It is advisable to preclude the evaluation of Hg biological distribution using soluble Hg fractions only. Stable Hg fractions in leachate-contaminated soil should also be included for assessing the biological distribution of Hg in leachate-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua He
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan; Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.44, Haifu Road, Longhua district, Haikou city, Hainan Province, China
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Hezhe Ji
- Price Management of Japan Co., Ltd., 1-8, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Yuka Yakushiji
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Kuangwei Huang
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maity S, Banerjee R, Goswami P, Chakrabarti M, Mukherjee A. Oxidative stress responses of two different ecophysiological species of earthworms (Eutyphoeus waltoni and Eisenia fetida) exposed to Cd-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:307-317. [PMID: 29626808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the biomarkers of oxidative stress [reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)] in earthworms of different ecological categories [epigeic Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) and anecic Eutyphoeus waltoni (E. waltoni)] exposed to cadmium (Cd)-polluted soil (30, 60 and 120 mg kg-1) for 28 days. Cd accumulation in earthworms increased significantly with increasing exposure dose and duration. However, E. fetida showed a relatively higher level of Cd accumulation until day 21; thereafter, depletion in the Cd level was recorded for the highest exposure dose. In E. waltoni, the detoxification enzymes and GSH level increased significantly with increasing exposure dose and Cd accumulation for 14 days (acute phase). In contrast, in E. fetida, acute exposure to Cd increased detoxification enzymes with decrease in GSH levels. For both species, sub-chronic exposures (28 days) increased lipid peroxidation with decrease in detoxification enzymes. GPx and ALDH responses of Cd-exposed earthworms showed a similar trend. Thus, these enzymes can be used as general biomarkers in these two species. The consistent variations in GST, GPx and ALDH activities suggest that E. waltoni may be used as a bioindicator species; this further signifies the use of endemic earthworms as a bioindicator to assess the risk of soil contamination. The present investigation indicates that Cd accumulation and biomarker responses in earthworms depend on dose and duration of exposure and on the concerned species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulata Maity
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Ritesh Banerjee
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Priya Goswami
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Manoswini Chakrabarti
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Anita Mukherjee
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Wang M, Chen W, Uwizeyimana H. Ecological risk assessment of polymetallic sites using weight of evidence approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:255-262. [PMID: 29476975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) of polymetallic contamination in soils has caused extensive solicitude. However, objective and feasible methods suitable for soil ERA are limited. Therefore, in this study, a multidisciplinary and quantitative weight of evidence approach (WOE) specific to soil ecosystems was developed based on the previous WOE for aquatic ecosystems. The framework consisted of four lines of evidence (LOEs): DTPA-extractable heavy metal in soils, bioaccumulation in earthworms, integration of biomarker responses and expected community effect (multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction, msPAF). These four LOEs were initially evaluated by each hazard quotient (HQ) of them based on the ratio to the reference (RTR) of each parameter. Then, Environmental risk index (EnvRI) integrated by HQs with different weights was calculated. At last, three sites, one for reference (N1) and two for contaminated soils (N2 and N3) were chosen to apply the modified WOE approach. Results showed that heavily contaminated site, N3 had higher HQ classification for each LOE and its EnvRI was classified as Major levels, while the EnvRI of N2 was assigned into Moderate. What's more, HQ of biomarker response (HQbiomarker) integrated by RTRs of biomarkers increased gradiently with the increase of heavy metal levels in soils though irregular changes were observed for most of those biomarkers. Overall, our results indicated that the quantitative WOE framework specific to soil ERA had the advantage of obtaining a comprehensive and objective risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Herman Uwizeyimana
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nannoni F, Protano G. Chemical and biological methods to evaluate the availability of heavy metals in soils of the Siena urban area (Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:1-10. [PMID: 27281550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A biogeochemistry field study was conducted in the Siena urban area (Italy) with the main objective of establishing the relationship between available amounts of heavy metals in soil assessed by a chemical method (soil fractionation) and bioavailability assessed by a biological method (bioaccumulation in earthworm tissues). The total content of traffic-related (Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn) and geogenic (Co, Cr, Ni, U) heavy metals in uncontaminated and contaminated soils and their concentrations in soil fractions and earthworms were used for this purpose. The bioavailability of heavy metals assessed by earthworms did not always match the availability defined by soil fractionation. Earthworms were a good indicator to assess the bioavailability of Pb and Sb in soil, while due to physiological mechanisms of regulation and excretion, Cd, Cu and Zn tissue levels in these invertebrates gave misleading estimates of their bioavailable pool. No relationship was identified between chemical and biological availability for the geogenic heavy metals, characterized by a narrow range of total contents in soil. The study highlighted that chemical and biological methods should be combined to provide more complete information about heavy element bioavailability in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nannoni
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via del Laterino 8, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Protano
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via del Laterino 8, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Le Roux S, Baker P, Crouch A. Bioaccumulation of total mercury in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:681. [PMID: 27347466 PMCID: PMC4899346 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Earthworms are a major part of the total biomass of soil fauna and play a vital role in soil maintenance. They process large amounts of plant and soil material and can accumulate many pollutants that may be present in the soil. Earthworms have been explored as bioaccumulators for many heavy metal species such as Pb, Cu and Zn but limited information is available for mercury uptake and bioaccumulation in earthworms and very few report on the factors that influence the kinetics of Hg uptake by earthworms. It is known however that the uptake of Hg is strongly influenced by the presence of organic matter, hence the influence of ligands are a major factor contributing to the kinetics of mercury uptake in biosystems. In this work we have focused on the uptake of mercury by earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in the presence of humic acid (HA) under varying physical conditions of pH and temperature, done to assess the role of humic acid in the bioaccumulation of mercury by earthworms from soils. The study was conducted over a 5-day uptake period and all earthworm samples were analysed by direct mercury analysis. Mercury distribution profiles as a function of time, bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), first order rate constants and body burden constants for mercury uptake under selected conditions of temperature, pH as well as via the dermal and gut route were evaluated in one comprehensive approach. The results showed that the uptake of Hg was influenced by pH, temperature and the presence of HA. Uptake of Hg2+ was improved at low pH and temperature when the earthworms in soil were in contact with a saturating aqueous phase. The total amount of Hg2+ uptake decreased from 75 to 48 % as a function of pH. For earthworms in dry soil, the uptake was strongly influenced by the presence of the ligand. Calculated BAF values ranged from 0.1 to 0.8. Mercury uptake typically followed first order kinetics with rate constants determined as 0.2 to 1 h−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Le Roux
- SensorLab, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, PB X17, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
| | - Priscilla Baker
- SensorLab, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, PB X17, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
| | - Andrew Crouch
- Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Babić S, Dragun Z, Sauerborn Klobučar R, Ivanković D, Bačić N, Fiket Ž, Barišić J, Krasnići N, Strunjak-Perović I, Topić Popović N, Čož-Rakovac R. Indication of metal homeostasis disturbance in earthworm Eisenia fetida after exposure to semi-solid depot sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 526:127-135. [PMID: 25931022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Treated sewage sludge is commonly used in agriculture as fertilizer. It is, therefore, necessary to determine possible detrimental influences of sludge application on soil contamination and accumulation of contaminants in tissues of terrestrial animals, which in the long run could also have undesirable effects on humans. With that aim, the study was performed using earthworm Eisenia fetida as test organism and semi-solid depot sludge from a wastewater treatment plant as exposure media. The concentrations of 26 metals/metalloids were determined in depot sludge, and their bioaccumulation was estimated in whole tissue of E. fetida, and for the first time in the soluble tissue fraction, which represents metal fraction available for metabolic requirements and toxic effects. Obtained results have revealed acceptable levels of several elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in depot sludge, when compared to currently valid regulations, and only moderate accumulation of some elements (e.g. As, Ba, Cd, Co, Fe, Tl, V, and Zn) in earthworms, as a consequence of exposure to depot sludge. However, a concentration increase after exposure to depot sludge was observed in E. fetida for several elements (Cd, Mo, and Zn), which were present in lower concentrations in the exposure mixtures than in soil. Contrary, a concentration decrease was observed for Cs, Mn, and Rb, although they were present in higher concentrations in depot sludge than in soil. It was an indication of disturbance in metal homeostasis in earthworms, possibly caused by exposure to complex mixture of contaminants present in depot sludge. The cumulative effect of exposure to a number of various contaminants (inorganic, organic, microbiological and pharmaceutical), even if each of them was not present in very high concentrations, could have caused distress in earthworms exposed to depot sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology - Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Roberta Sauerborn Klobučar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology - Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Bačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Inorganic Environmental Geochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Fiket
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Inorganic Environmental Geochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Barišić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology - Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivančica Strunjak-Perović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology - Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalija Topić Popović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology - Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology - Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zareitalabad P, Siemens J, Wichern F, Amelung W, Joergensen RG. Dose-dependent reactions of Aporrectodea caliginosa to perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:39-43. [PMID: 23755864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of their widespread use, e.g. as protective coatings for fabrics, and their resistance to thermal and biological breakdown, perfluorinated compounds are increasingly found in the environment, but little is known about their ecotoxicological properties. A 40-day microcosm experiment was carried out to examine the effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on the endogeic geophagus earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa, its survival and feeding on soil organic C and microbial biomass C. Three levels of concentration (1, 100, and 500 mg kg(-1)) were chosen. The lowest represented the maximum found in sediments and soils and the other two are extreme concentrations that might occur in pollution hotspots and that have been shown to poison organisms. Earthworms promoted the production of CO2 and decreased microbial biomass C in soil, regardless of the presence of PFOA or PFOS. Both compounds significantly decreased the surviving numbers and dry weight of earthworms at concentrations of 100 mg kg(-1). No earthworms survived at PFOA and PFOS concentrations of 500 mg kg(-1). At concentrations of 1 mg kg(-1), no negative effects were observed. The δ(13)C values of A. caliginosa did not differ between treatments. In contrast, the δ(15)N values were significantly increased after adding 1 mg kg(-1) of PFOA, reflecting elevated portions of soil-derived N in the earthworm tissue. In contrast, these portions of soil-derived N were lower in the earthworms after addition of 100 mg kg(-1) of PFOA and PFOS. In conclusion, extreme concentrations of PFOA and PFOS negatively affected endogeic A. caliginosa, whereas a concentration of 1 mg kg(-1) of PFOA and PFOS was related to an increased uptake of soil N by the earthworms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parva Zareitalabad
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Division Soil Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Teršič T, Gosar M. Comparison of elemental contents in earthworm cast and soil from a mercury-contaminated site (Idrija area, Slovenia). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 430:28-33. [PMID: 22613464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to test the new sampling media-earthworm casts in a highly contaminated area. The investigation was carried out at the ancient Hg ore roasting site Pšenk in the surroundings of Idrija, where extremely high Hg contents in soils and SOM were determined in previous investigations. 32 earthworm cast samples were collected in the research grid 30 × 30 m in order to compare the Hg contents and spatial distribution in earthworm casts to the values and distributions in SOM and soil (0-15 cm). Extremely elevated Hg concentrations were determined in earthworm casts from the studied area ranging from 5.4 to 4330 mg/kg with the median of 31 mg/kg. The Hg values in casts are somewhat lower than in soil (6.3-8600 mg/kg) and slightly higher compared to soil organic matter (SOM) (1.5-4200 mg/kg). Strong correlation (r²=0.75) between Hg contents in casts and soil was found, while correlation between casts and SOM was positive but weaker (r²=0.35). Spatial distribution of Hg in earthworm casts show the highest concentrations in the central part of investigated area, similar to the distribution in soil. Hg contents rapidly decrease from the center toward the margins of the studied area, where they reach values of less than 50mg/kg. It was shown that Hg contents and dispersion in casts are comparable to those in soil, which indicates that at investigated area soil contamination is strongly reflected in contamination of earthworm casts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Teršič
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Wu S, Chen L, Wu C, Yu R, Wang Q, Zhao X. Toxicity assessment of 45 pesticides to the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:484-91. [PMID: 22459421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate comparative toxicity of 45 pesticides, including insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and herbicides, toward the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Results from a 48-h filter paper contact test indicated that clothianidin, fenpyroximate, and pyridaben were supertoxic to E. fetida with LC(50) values ranging from 0.28 (0.24-0.35) to 0.72 (0.60-0.94) μg cm(-2), followed by carbaryl, pyridaphenthion, azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, and picoxystrobin with LC(50) values ranging from 2.72 (2.22-0.3.19) to 8.48 (7.38-10.21) μg cm(-2), while the other pesticides ranged from being relatively nontoxic to very toxic to the worms. When tested in artificial soil for 14 d, clothianidin and picoxystrobin showed the highest intrinsic toxicity against E. fetida, and their LC(50) values were 6.06 (5.60-6.77) and 7.22 (5.29-8.68) mg kg(-1), respectively, followed by fenpyroximate with an LC(50) of 75.52 (68.21-86.57) mgkg(-1). However, the herbicides fluoroglycofen, paraquat, and pyraflufen-ethyl exhibited the lowest toxicities with LC(50) values>1000 mg kg(-1). In contrast, the other pesticides exhibited relatively low toxicities with LC(50) values ranging from 133.5 (124.5-150.5) to 895.2 (754.2-1198.0) mg kg(-1). The data presented in this paper provided useful information for evaluating the potential risk of these chemicals to soil invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Cang T, Zhao X, Yu R, Chen L, Wu C, Wang Q. Comparative acute toxicity of twenty-four insecticides to earthworm, Eisenia fetida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:122-128. [PMID: 22244824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used two different types of bioassay, a contact filter paper toxicity bioassay and a soil toxicity bioassay, to compare the acute toxicity of twenty-four insecticides belonging to six chemical categories on earthworm species, Eisenia fetida. Results of the contact filter paper toxicity bioassay indicated that neonicotinoids were super toxic to E. fetida (48 h-LC(50) value ranged from 0.0088 to 0.45 μg cm(-2)), pyrethroids were very toxic (48 h-LC(50) values ranged from 10.55 to 25.7 μg cm(-2)) and insect growth regulators (IGRs) were moderately toxic (48 h-LC(50) values ranged from 117.6 to 564.6 μg cm(-2)) to the worms. However, antibiotics, carbamates and organophosphates induced variable toxicity responses in E. fetida, and were very to extremely toxic (48 h-LC(50) values ranged from 3.64 to 75.75 μg cm(-2)). Results of the soil toxicity bioassays showed a different pattern of toxicity except that neonicotinoids were the most toxic even under the soil toxicity bioassay system. The acute toxicity of neonicotinoids was higher than those of antibiotics, carbamates, IGRs and organophosphates. In contrast, pyrethroids were the least toxic to the worms under the soil toxicity bioassay system. It was concluded that irrespective of bioassay systems, earthworms were more susceptible to neonicotinoids than other modern synthetic insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tao Cang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Ruixian Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Liping Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Changxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310021, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Li H, Wang X, Sun T. Changes in microbial populations and enzyme activities during nitrogen biodegradation of domestic sewage treatment in the Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration System (SWIS). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 87:431-435. [PMID: 21713386 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During the process of domestic sewage treatment in the Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration System (SWIS), changes in the microbial populations (nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria) and enzyme activities (urease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) involved in the nitrogen removal process were evaluated over a 2-year period. The results showed nitrifying bacteria number declined with depths increasing, while denitrifying bacteria increased, both of which increased nearer the inlet. The depth for nitrate reductase activity from high to low in sequence was 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 m. For nitrite reductase, the sequence was 0.5, 0.3, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 m. Urease and nitrite reductase activities were in positive correlation with the total nitrogen removal efficiency, with correlation coefficients 0.8662 and 0.9140, respectively and could be alternative to monitor the nitrogen biodegradation process in SWIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lev SM, Matthies N, Snodgrass JW, Casey RE, Ownby DR. Effects of zinc exposure on earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, in an artificial soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 84:687-691. [PMID: 20431863 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have the potential to act as trophic links for pollutants that accumulate in urban soils. However, many pollutants may act as micronutrients at low concentrations and toxins at higher concentration. When pollutants are also micronutrients, bioaccumulations may initially increase trophic transfer as pollutant concentration increase, but at higher levels toxic effects may limit population size and the potential for trophic transfer. We found support for this model among earthworms exposed to a range of soil Zn levels. Worms showed increasing bioaccumulation of Zn with increasing Zn soil concentrations, but at higher Zn levels worm growth rates decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Lev
- Urban Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang ZS, Zheng DM, Wang QC, Lv XG. Bioaccumulation of total and methyl mercury in three earthworm species (Drawida sp., Allolobophora sp., and Limnodrilus sp.). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:937-42. [PMID: 19779655 PMCID: PMC2778787 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We determined total and methyl mercury contents in soil, three earthworm species and their vomitus to study the species-specific differences of mercury bioconcentration in Huludao City, a heavily polluted region by chlor-alkali and nonferrous metal smelting industry in Liaoning Province, northeast China. Total and methyl mercury contents were 7.20 mg/kg and 6.94 ng/g in soil, 1.43 mg/kg and 43.03 ng/g in Drawida sp., 2.80 mg/kg and 336.52 ng/g in Alolobophora sp., respectively. Total mercury contents were 0.966 mg/kg in Drawida sp. vomitus and 4.979 mg/kg in Alolobophora sp. vomitus, respectively. Total mercury contents in earthworms and their vomitus were significantly species-specific different and were both in decreasing with earthworms body lengths, which might due to the growth dilution. Among the soil, earthworms and their vomitus, total mercury contents were in the order of soil > earthworms > earthworm vomitus. Methyl mercury was about 3.01% of total mercury in Drawida sp., 12.02% of total mercury in Alolobophora sp., respectively. It suggested that mercury was mostly in inorganic forms in earthworms. Bioaccumulation factors of methyl mercury from soil to earthworms were much higher than those of total mercury, which suggested that methyl mercury might be more easily absorbed by and accumulated in earthworms because of its lipid solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Mei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Remediation of Contaminated Environment and Resource Reuse, Shenyang University, 110044 Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Guo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, 130012 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fujii Y, Kaneko N. The effect of earthworms on copper fractionation of freshly and long-term polluted soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1754-1759. [PMID: 19477521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of earthworm activity on the bioavailability of Cu in soil. The bioavailable fraction was estimated using sequential extraction, and the results of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction were analyzed for comparison. Changes in the Cu fraction were compared in Cu-spiked soil (high bioavailability) and long-term polluted field soil (low bioavailability) with approximately equivalent total Cu concentrations. Earthworm activity decreased the bioavailable fraction in the Cu-spiked soil, where earthworm body Cu concentrations did not affect the bioavailable fraction. Soil pH was not a factor in the bioavailability differences between soils with and without earthworms in this study. The bioavailable fraction appears to be more heavily affected by biological and physical mechanisms than by soil pH. The two extraction methods showed different trends; the bioavailable fraction method was better than DTPA extraction, because the former gives clear insight into the aging process of Cu in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Fujii
- Soil Ecology Research Group, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang SH, Jeng YP, Chiu YW, Chen JH, Shieh BS, Chen CY, Chen CC. Cloning, expression, and characterization of cadmium-induced metallothionein-2 from the earthworms Metaphire posthuma and Polypheretima elongata. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:349-57. [PMID: 18834958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the sequences of MT-2 cDNA from two species of Megascoleidae earthworms, Metaphire posthuma and Polypheretima elongata, by mRNA differential display after exposure of the organisms to cadmium. Complementary (c)DNA was verified as the MT-2 gene by the characteristics of its predicted translation product, namely a high cysteine content, conserved CXC motifs, and a molecular weight of around 8 kDa. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed a conserved TKCCG in the cloned MT-2 of both megascolecid earthworms instead of the corresponding conserved TQCCG found in lumbricid earthworms. The cDNAs corresponding to the two megascolecid MT-2 genes were expressed, and the MT-2 proteins were purified for biochemical characterization. The binding of Cu2+ exhibited monophasic kinetics and those of Zn2+ and Cd2+ biphasic kinetics. The proteins bound more tightly to Cd2+ than to Zn2+ and more tightly still to Cu2+. Zn-MT and apo-MT were the most effective at scavenging free radicals, followed by Cd-MT. In conclusion, MT-2s from M. posthuma and P. elongata showed unique sequence features compared to those of lumbricid earthworms. These earthworms could be used to evaluate heavy-metal pollution in soil due to the inducible MT-2 by cadmium exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsiung Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62 Shenjhong Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82444, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suthar S, Singh S. Bioconcentrations of metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida), inoculated in municipal sewage sludge: do earthworms pose a possible risk of terrestrial food chain contamination? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2009; 24:25-32. [PMID: 18461553 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been made to evaluate the possible risks of metal bioaccumulation in composting earthworms during vermicomposting of hazardous wastes, e.g., sewage sludge. The sewage sludge was diluted by mixing cow dung in different proportions, and vermicomposted sludge as well as inoculated earthworms were analyzed for metal (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) contents. The sludge processed by worms showed a significant reduction in concentration of metals, Cu (29.4-51.6%), Fe (13.1-19.9%), Zn (15.2-25.8%), and Pb (4.6-46.9%), at the end. A considerable concentration of metals, total Cu (16.7-27.6 mg kg(-1)), total Fe (42.9-89.8 mg kg(-1)), total Zn (5.85-75.0 mg kg(-1)), and total Pb (1.79-12.4 mg kg(-1)), in composting earthworms was also recorded. The greater values of bioconcentration factors for metals suggested the possible risk of entering contaminants in higher food chains; since, earthworms are near to the terrestrial food chain, they can potentially mediate metal transfer from soil to a range of predators, including birds. Therefore, feasibility of vermitechnology in hazardous waste recycling needs close attention in respect to possible risk of environmental contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surindra Suthar
- Environmental Biology Lab, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Sh. B. R. G. Govt Girls (PG) College, Sri Ganganagar 335001, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang L, Wu Y, Qu X, Li Z, Ni J. Mechanism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu2+ polluted water body. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:764-769. [PMID: 19803080 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated. The influences of electrolysis voltage, pH, and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied. Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop (DeltaP), additions ratio, initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficiency, stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated. The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the composition of surface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that using low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO), Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 to 100 mg/L or even higher in concentrated solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 microS/cm. The addition of sodium dodecy/sulfate sodium dodecyl sulfate improved Cu2+ removal efficiency, while EDTA had little side influence. In electro-reduction process, using plante electrode cell, Cu2+ concentration could be further reduced to 5 mg/L, and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%. Using 3D electrolysis treatment, Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%-70%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Suthar S, Singh S. Feasibility of vermicomposting in biostabilization of sludge from a distillery industry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 394:237-243. [PMID: 18313726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of vermicomposting technology to stabilize the distillery industry sludge mixed with a bulking agent (cow dung) in different proportions viz. 20% (T1), 40% (T2), 60% (T3) and 80% (T4), was tested using composting earthworm Perionyx excavatus for 90 days. The vermitreated sludge was evaluated for different physico-chemical parameters and all vermibeds expressed a significant decrease in pH (10.5-19.5%) organic C contents (12.8-27.2%), and an increase in total N (128.8-151.9%), available P (19.5-78.3%) as well as exchangeable K (95.4-182.5%), Ca (45.9-115.6%), and Mg contents (13.2-58.6%). Data suggested that inoculated earthworms could maximize the decomposition and mineralization rate, if sludge is used with appropriate bulking material for earthworm feed. Vermicomposting also caused significant reduction in total concentration of metals: Zn (15.1-39.6%), Fe (5.2-29.8%), Mn (2.6-36.5%) and Cu (8.6-39.6%) in sludge. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for metals in different treatments were also calculated and the greater values of BCFs indicate the capability of earthworms to accumulate a considerable amount of metals in their tissues from substrate. The reproduction biology of P. excavatus in different treatments was also monitoring during experimentation and they showed the maximum rate of biomass gain, growth (mg weight worm(-1) week(-1)) and cocoon production rate in T2, while least values of these parameters were in T4 treatment. The feasibility of earthworms to mitigate the metal toxicity and to enhance the nutrient profile in sludge might be useful in sustainable land restoration practices at low-input basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surindra Suthar
- Environmental Biology Lab, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, S.G.N. Khalsa (PG) College, Sri Ganganagar-335 001, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molinari R, Poerio T, Argurio P. Selective separation of copper(II) and nickel(II) from aqueous media using the complexation-ultrafiltration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 70:341-8. [PMID: 17825876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The polyethylenimine (PEI) as complexing agent was used to study the complexation-ultrafiltration (CP-UF) process in the selective removal of Cu(II) from Ni(II) contained in aqueous media. Preliminary tests showed that optimal chemical conditions for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexation by the PEI polymer were pH>6.0 and 8.0, respectively, and polymer/metal weight ratio of 3.0 and 6.0, respectively. The effect of some important operating parameters on process selectivity was studied by performing UF tests at different parameters: pH, polymer/metal weight ratio, transmembrane pressure (TMP), and membrane cut-off in a batch experimental set-up. It was observed that process selectivity was achieved by choosing the pH value for obtaining a preferential copper complexation (pH 6.0), and the polymer/metal ratio needed to bound only the copper ion (3.0). The selective separation by UF tests was performed by using both a laboratory aqueous solution and a real aqueous effluent (water from Emoli torrent, Rende (CS)). The Iris 30 membrane at TMP of 200 kPa (2 bar) for both aqueous media gave the best results. A complete nickel recovery was reached, and copper recovery was the highest for this membrane (94% and 92%). Besides at this pressure, a lower water amount was needed to obtain total nickel recovery by diafiltration. A little higher membrane fouling was obtained by using the river effluent due to the presence of dissolved organic and inorganic matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Molinari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 44/A, I-87030 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Suthar S. Metal remediation from partially composted distillery sludge using composting earthworm Eisenia fetida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:1099-106. [DOI: 10.1039/b807908k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|