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Zhao W, Teng M, Zhang J, Wang K, Zhang J, Xu Y, Wang C. Insights into the mechanisms of organic pollutant toxicity to earthworms: Advances and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119120. [PMID: 35283202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms play positive ecological roles in soil formation, structure, and fertility, environmental protection, and terrestrial food chains. For this review, we searched the Web of Science database for articles published from 2011 to 2021 using the keywords "toxic" and "earthworm" and retrieved 632 publications. From the perspective of bibliometric analysis, we conducted a co-occurrence network analysis using the keywords "toxic" and "earthworm" to identify the most and least reported topics. "Eisenia fetida," "bioaccumulation," "heavy metals," "oxidative stress," and "pesticides" were the most common terms, and "microbial community," "bacteria," "PFOS," "bioaugmentation," "potentially toxic elements," "celomic fluid," "neurotoxicity," "joint toxicity," "apoptosis," and "nanoparticles" were uncommon terms. Additionally, in this review we highlight the main routes of organic pollutant entry into soil, and discuss the adverse effects on the soil ecosystem. We then systematically review the mechanisms underlying organic pollutant toxicity to earthworms, including oxidative stress, energy and lipid metabolism disturbances, neurological toxicity, intestinal inflammation and injury, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and reproductive toxicity. We conclude by discussing future research perspectives, focusing on environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions, novel data processing approaches, technologies, and detoxification and mitigation methods. This review has implications for soil management in the context of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic Of China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Hennig TB, Lopes Alves PR, Schiehl A, de Araújo RS, da Costa Cabrera L, Morelato RR, Baretta D. Can the increase in atmospheric temperature enhance the toxicity and risk of fipronil for collembolans in tropical soils? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27104-27114. [PMID: 34981395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the toxicity and risk (via toxicity exposure ratio approach - TER) of the insecticide fipronil to collembolan's growth and reproduction in three tropical soils, under increasing atmospheric temperatures. Chronic toxicity tests were performed with Folsomia candida in tropical artificial soil (TAS), oxisol, and entisol spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil, at three room temperature scenarios: a standard (20 ± 2 °C), a tropical condition (25 ± 2 °C) and a global warming simulation (27 ± 2 °C). Temperatures influenced the fipronil effects on the species reproduction differently between soil types. In TAS and oxisol the highest toxicities (EC50-based) were found at 27 °C (EC50 TAS = 0.81, 0.70, 0.31 mg kg-1; EC50 OXISOL = 0.52, 0.54, 0.40 mg kg-1; at 20, 25, and 27 °C, respectively). In entisol, the toxicity at 27 °C was lower compared to 25 and 20 °C (EC50 ENTISOL = 0.33, 0.24, 0.12 mg kg-1, respectively). Fipronil concentrations also increased the proportion of small juveniles (growth reduction) in all tested soils. However, this effect was greater (EC10-based) at higher temperatures (25 and/or 27 °C), regardless of the soil type. TER approach revealed a significant risk of fipronil in entisol, regardless of the tested temperature, while in other soils the risk was found significant only at the higher temperatures (25 and 27 °C for TAS, and 27 °C for oxisol). These results indicate that exposures to fipronil at high temperatures (e.g., those resulting from climate change) can threaten F. candida populations, depending on the soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil.
| | - Aline Schiehl
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares de Araújo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado, No. 108-E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89802-112, Brazil
| | - Liziara da Costa Cabrera
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Roberta Morelato
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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Hennig TB, Alves PRL, Toniolo T, Bandeira FO, Dos Santos WE, da Costa Cabrera L, Gilson ÍK, Baretta D. Toxicity of fipronil to Folsomia candida in contrasting tropical soils and soil moisture contents: effects on the reproduction and growth. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:64-74. [PMID: 34674062 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of three tropical soil types and soil moisture content on the toxicity and risk of the insecticide fipronil to collembolans Folsomia candida. Chronic toxicity tests were performed in a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS), an Oxisol and an Entisol spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil to assess the effects on the reproduction and growth of the species. The soil moisture contents were kept at 60% (standard condition) and 30 or 45% (water restriction) of their water holding capacity (WHC). The toxicity of fipronil on collembolans reproduction was about three times higher in Entisol compared to TAS or Oxisol. Higher toxicities were also found in the drier TAS (EC50 30%WHC = 0.20 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.70 mg kg-1) and Oxisol (EC50 45%WHC = 0.27 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.54 mg kg-1), while in Entisol lower impacts were found in the drier samples (EC50 30%WHC = 0.41 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.24 mg kg-1). For all tested soils, the size of generated collembolans was reduced by the fipronil concentrations, regardless of soil moisture. However, the drier condition increased the effect on the growth in TAS and Entisol for some concentrations. A significant risk of exposure was found in TAS and Oxisol at drier conditions and, for Entisol, regardless of the soil moisture. The toxic effects and risk of fipronil on collembolans were higher in the natural sandy soil. The soil moisture content increase or decrease the toxicity of the insecticide for collembolans, depending on soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Toniolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | | | - Liziara da Costa Cabrera
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Kael Gilson
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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Pinto TJDS, Rocha GS, Moreira RA, Silva LCMD, Yoshii MPC, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Daam MA, Espindola ELG. Multi-generational exposure to fipronil, 2,4-D, and their mixtures in Chironomus sancticaroli: Biochemical, individual, and population endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117384. [PMID: 34030066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional farming delivers a range of pesticides to aquatic ecosystems leading to implications for the indigenous species. Due to the multiple applications and persistence of molecules, organisms may be exposed for a prolonged period over multiple generations. The present study outlines a full life-cycle design over three generations of Chironomus sancticaroli exposed to the insecticide fipronil, the herbicide 2,4-D, and their mixtures. The experiment started with newly hatched larvae from the parental generation and lasted with the emerged adults from the second generation. Five nominal concentrations of fipronil and 2,4-D were tested, as well as six combinations of both pesticides. As additional responses, the total carbohydrates and the lipid classes were evaluated in the parental generation. The first and second generations were more susceptible to the tested compounds compared with the parental ones. Survival of larvae and pupae was decreased by both pesticides and their mixtures along with the generations. Only fipronil impaired the survival of emerged adults. Both pesticides (isolated and in the mixture) altered the emergence and the fraction of males and females. Moreover, the number of eggs produced, and their hatchability decreased. Only one combination of the pesticides increased the content of carbohydrates. Fipronil, 2,4-D, and its mixture altered the profile of the lipid classes. All mixture treatments and the three highest concentrations of fipronil extinguished the population of C. sancticaroli at the end of the first generation. In the remaining treatments with the insecticide, the population did not survive the second generation. Only three concentrations of 2,4-D and the control persisted until the end of the experiment. The results indicate that a prolonged exposition to these pesticides may disrupt the natural populations of exposed organisms with consequences to ecosystems' functioning, considering the importance of chironomids to aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
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Liu S, Wang X, Bu X, Zhang C, Qiao F, Qin C, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. Influences of dietary vitamin D 3 on growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity and molting of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) larvae. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105862. [PMID: 33675950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and molting of larval Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. A total of 6,000 larvae (7.52 ± 0.10 mg) were fed with six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets with different levels of dietary VD3 (0, 3000, 6000, 9000, 12000 and 36000 IU/kg) respectively for 23 days. The highest survival and molting frequency were found in crabs fed 6000 IU/kg VD3. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and carapace growth significantly increased in crabs fed 3000 and 6000 IU/kg VD3 compared to the control. Broken-line analysis of molting frequency, weight gain and specific growth rate against dietary VD3 levels indicates that the optimal VD3 requirement for larval crabs is 4825-5918 IU/kg. The highest whole-body VD3 content occurred in the 12000 IU/kg VD3 group, and the 25-dihydroxy VD3 content decreased with the increase of dietary VD3. The malonaldehyde content was lower than the control. Moreover, the superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity of crab fed 6000 IU/kg VD3 were significantly higher than in control. Crabs fed 9000 IU/kg showed the highest survival after 120 h of salinity stress, and the relative mRNA expressions indicate vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the important regulatory element in molting and innate immunity. The molting-related gene expressions showed that the response of crab to salinity was self-protective. This study would contribute to a new understanding of the molecular basis underlying molting and innate immunity regulation by vitamin D3 in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Liu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Xianyong Bu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Sichuan, 641100, PR China
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Pinto TJDS, Moreira RA, Silva LCMD, Yoshii MPC, Goulart BV, Fraga PD, Montagner CC, Daam MA, Espindola ELG. Impact of 2,4-D and fipronil on the tropical midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111778. [PMID: 33338803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of pesticides in conventional agriculture implies potential risks to the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, benthic organisms may be exposed to pesticides via contaminated water and sediment, leading to several potential cascading effects on the food web. The aim of this study was to assess the functional implications of environmental realistic concentrations of the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil (alone and in combination) to the native tropical chironomid Chironomus sancticaroli. These two pesticides are widely applied to different crops and have frequently been detected (together) in surface water bodies in Brazil and elsewhere. Commercial products containing fipronil (Regent® 800WG) and 2,4-D (DMA® 806BR) were evaluated in 8-day toxicity tests for their effects on larval survival, growth (body length and biomass), head capsule width, development, and mentum deformities. Fipronil decreased the larval survival at the highest test concentration and the effective concentrations (EC) after eight days of exposure were: EC10 = 0.48 µg L-1 (0.395-0.565), EC20 = 1.06 µg L-1 (0.607-1.513), and EC50 = 3.70 µg L-1 (1.664-5.736). All sublethal test concentrations of fipronil decreased the larval growth, causing reductions in biomass up to 72%. The two highest test concentrations of fipronil decreased the head capsule width and after exposure to 3.7 µg fipronil L-1, only half of the larvae reached the fourth instar. The incidence of deformities was increased by fipronil in a concentration dependent manner with an increase ranging from 23% to 75%. The highest test concentration of 2.4-D (426 µg L-1) decreased the head capsule width, but larval development was unaffected at all concentrations evaluated. In the mixture tests, antagonism was observed at lower fipronil concentrations and synergism at higher fipronil concentrations for growth. The incidence of deformities rose with increasing fipronil concentrations. The results showed that environmental realistic concentrations of fipronil may have serious ecological implications for C. sancticaroli populations and that a mixture with the herbicide 2,4-D can have synergistic effects, potentiating the risks to the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscille Dreux Fraga
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
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Yao Q, Xu S, Dong Y, Quan L, Chen B. Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle Protein (USP) Genes From Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley Eggs: Identification and Expression in Response to Insecticides. Front Physiol 2020; 11:851. [PMID: 32765302 PMCID: PMC7380065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) is the dominant insect pest of litchi (chinensis Sonn.) and longan (Euphoria longan Lour.) fruit trees. Management of this pest species is a challenging task due to its cryptic borer behavior. Controlling C. sinensis at the egg stage is the best alternative strategy to chemical control of C. sinensis adults. However, thorough studies regarding the indirect and sublethal effects of chemicals on the different developmental stages of C. sinensis are insufficient. In this study, the effect of some insecticides was evaluated on C. sinensis eggs. The ovicidal activity of chlorbenzuron, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, and λ-cyhalothrin was confirmed by morphological observation of the defects in C. sinensis eggs. Moreover, we characterized four essential ecdysone receptor proteins in insects [i.e., two isoform ecdysone receptors (EcR: CsEcRA. CsEcRB) and two isoform ultraspiracle proteins (USP: CsUSP1, CsUSP2)] from C. sinensis eggs. The CsEcRA, CsEcRB, CsUSP1, and CsUSP2 genes consisted of 1521-, 1614-, 1410-, and 1236-bp open reading frames which encoded proteins of 506, 527, 469, and 413 amino acid residues, respectively. Furthermore, the embryonic differential responses of CsEcRs, CsUSPs, and vitellogenin receptor (VgR: CsVgR) to insecticides were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Among the five tested genes, CsVgR and CsUSP1 were the most sensitive to all the tested insecticides, with fold change of the expression diminished by 4.27–8.70 times compared with untreated control insects. The data suggests that these insecticidal compounds regulate the expression of these specific proteins, which might eventually lead to reduced viability of C. sinensis eggs. We present here the first data providing molecular elucidation of ecdysone receptor genes and their differential responses to insecticides in C. sinensis eggs. Together with our previous report of insecticide sublethal effects on two reproduction-related genes in C. sinensis adults, CsVgR and CsUSP1 seem to be appropriate molecular parameters for the evaluation of insecticide impact on C. sinensis. This study exemplifies the potential utility of transcriptional measurement of nuclear receptors as the molecular biomarkers for ecotoxicological evaluations of ovicidal impact of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linfa Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Su Y, Guo Q, Gong J, Cheng Y, Wu X. Functional expression patterns of four ecdysteroid receptor isoforms indicate their different functions during vitellogenesis of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 248:110754. [PMID: 32649982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In arthropods, alternative splicing of ecdysteroid receptor gene (EcR) leads to multiple functions of different EcR isoforms during metamorphosis, growth and ovarian development via ecdysteroid signaling pathway. This study was conducted to investigate the expression patterns of four EcRs of Eriocheir sinensis (EsEcRs) and the changes of haemolymph ecdysteroid titer during the ovarian development. The results showed that four EsEcR isoforms had the tissue-specific expression among 12 examined tissues, and the highest transcript levels of the four EsEcR isoforms were detected in Y-organ or sinus gland. During the ovarian development, EsEcR1 showed the highest transcript abundance of the four EsEcR isoforms. The expression profiles of all the EsEcR isoforms were similar in the hepatopancreas during the ovarian maturation cycle of E. sinensis with a trend of "high-low-high-low". In ovary, the highest expression levels of EsEcR1 and EsEcR4 were both found at stage V ovary, while the peaks of EsEcR2 and EsEcR3 were found on stage III ovary and stage IV ovary, respectively. Meanwhile, the ecdysteroid titer in haemolymph decreased gradually during ovarian maturation cycle. Further regression analysis revealed significant negative correlations were found between the ovarian EsEcR3/ EsEcR4 expression levels and haemolymph ecdysteroid titer during part or whole ovarian development cycle. These results together indicated that four EsEcR isoforms may have different functions during ovary maturation of E. sinensis. All EcR isoforms and ecdysteroid seemed to have important roles in the hepatopancreas during early ovarian development stages, while EsEcR3 and EsEcR4 were closely related to the mid-late vitellogenesis stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gong
- School of Life Sciences (School of Ocean Science), Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xugan Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Cuvillier-Hot V, Lenoir A. Invertebrates facing environmental contamination by endocrine disruptors: Novel evidences and recent insights. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110712. [PMID: 31962147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of biodiversity we currently experience raises the question of the impact of anthropogenic chemicals on wild life health. Endocrine disruptors are notably incriminated because of their possible effects on development and reproduction, including at very low doses. As commonly recorded in the field, the burden they impose on wild species also concerns invertebrates, with possible specificities linked with the specific physiology of these animals. A better understanding of chemically-mediated endocrine disruption in these species has clearly gained from knowledge accumulated on vertebrate models. But the molecular pathways specific to invertebrates also need to be reckoned, which implies dedicated research efforts to decipher their basic functioning in order to be able to assess its possible disruption. The recent rising of omics technologies opens the way to an intensification of these efforts on both aspects, even in species almost uninvestigated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Lenoir
- IRBI, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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10
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Monteiro HR, Pestana JLT, Novais SC, Leston S, Ramos F, Soares AMVM, Devreese B, Lemos MFL. Assessment of fipronil toxicity to the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius: Molecular, biochemical, and organismal responses. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105292. [PMID: 31546069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that entered the market to replace organochlorides and organophosphates. Fipronil impairs the regular inhibition of nerve impulses that ultimately result in paralysis and death of insects. Because of its use as a pest control, and due to runoff events, fipronil has been detected in freshwater systems near agricultural areas, and therefore might represent a threat to non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, the toxicity of fipronil to the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius was investigated at biochemical, molecular, and whole organism (e.g. growth, emergence, and behavior) levels. At the individual level, chronic (28 days) exposure to fipronil resulted in reduced larval growth and emergence with a lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 0.081 μg L-1. Adult weight, which is directly linked to the flying performance and fecundity of midges, was also affected (LOEC = 0.040 μg L-1). Additionally, behavioral changes such as irregular burrowing behavior of C. riparius larvae (EC50 = 0.084 μg L-1) and impairment of adult flying performance were observed. At a biochemical level, acute (48 h) exposure to fipronil increased cellular oxygen consumption (as indicated by the increase of electron transport system (ETS) activity) and decreased antioxidant and detoxification defenses (as suggested by the decrease in catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities). Exposure to fipronil also caused alterations in the fatty acid profile of C. riparius, since high levels of stearidonic acid (SDA) were observed. A comparison between exposed and non-exposed larvae also revealed alterations in the expression of globins, cytoskeleton and motor proteins, and proteins involved in protein biosynthesis. These alterations may aid in the interpretation of potential mechanisms of action that lead to the effects observed at the organism level. Present results show that environmentally relevant concentrations of fipronil are toxic to chironomid populations which call for monitoring of phenylpyrazole insecticides and of their ecological effects in freshwaters. Present results also emphasize the importance of complementing ecotoxicological data with molecular approaches such as proteomics, for a better interpretation of the mode of action of insecticides in aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Monteiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Sara Leston
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bart Devreese
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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11
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Goff AD, Saranjampour P, Ryan LM, Hladik ML, Covi JA, Armbrust KL, Brander SM. The effects of fipronil and the photodegradation product fipronil desulfinyl on growth and gene expression in juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, at different salinities. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:96-104. [PMID: 28282622 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are now widely established to be present in the environment at concentrations capable of affecting wild organisms. Although many studies have been conducted in fish, less is known about effects in invertebrates such as decapod crustaceans. Decapods are exposed to low concentrations of EDCs that may cause infertility, decreased growth, and developmental abnormalities. The objective herein was to evaluate effects of fipronil and its photodegradation product fipronil desulfinyl. Fipronil desulfinyl was detected in the eggs of the decapod Callinectes sapidus sampled off the coast of South Carolina. As such, to examine specific effects on C. sapidus exposed in early life, we exposed laboratory-reared juveniles to fipronil and fipronil desulfinyl for 96h at three nominal concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 0.5μg/l) and two different salinities (10, 30ppt). The size of individual crabs (weight, carapace width) and the expression of several genes critical to growth and reproduction were evaluated. Exposure to fipronil and fipronil desulfinyl resulted in significant size increases in all treatments compared to controls. Levels of expression for vitellogenin (Vtg), an egg yolk precursor, and the ecdysone receptor (EcR), which binds to ecdysteroids that control molting, were inversely correlated with increasing fipronil and fipronil desulfinyl concentrations. Effects on overall growth and on the expression of EcR and Vtg differ depending on the exposure salinity. The solubility of fipronil is demonstrated to decrease considerably at higher salinities. This suggests that fipronil and its photodegradation products may be more bioavailable to benthic organisms as salinity increases, as more chemical would partition to tissues. Our findings suggest that endocrine disruption is occurring through alterations to gene expression in C. sapidus populations exposed to environmental levels of fipronil, and that effects may be dependent upon the salinity at which exposure occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Goff
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28401, USA
| | - Parichehr Saranjampour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Energy, Coast & Environment Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lauren M Ryan
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28401, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J St, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Joseph A Covi
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28401, USA
| | - Kevin L Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Energy, Coast & Environment Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28401, USA.
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12
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Dai TH, Sserwadda A, Song K, Zang YN, Shen HS. Cloning and Expression of Ecdysone Receptor and Retinoid X Receptor from Procambarus clarkii: Induction by Eyestalk Ablation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101739. [PMID: 27763563 PMCID: PMC5085767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecdysone receptor and retinoid X receptor are key regulators in molting. Here, full length ecdysone receptor (PcEcR) and retinoid X receptor (PcRXR) cDNAs from Procambarus clarkii were cloned. Full length cDNA of PcEcR has 2500 bp, encoding 576 amino acid proteins, and full length cDNA of PcRXR has 2593 bp, in which a 15 bp and a 204 bp insert/deletion splice variant regions in DNA binding domain and hinge domain were identified. The two splice variant regions in PcRXR result four isoforms: PcRXR1-4, encoding 525, 520, 457 and 452 amino acids respectively. PcEcR was highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and eyestalk and PcRXR was highly expressed in the eyestalk among eight examined tissues. Both PcEcR and PcRXR had induced expression after eyestalk ablation (ESA) in the three examined tissues. In muscle, PcEcR and PcRXR were upregulated after ESA, PcEcR reached the highest level on day 3 after ESA and increased 33.5-fold relative to day 0, and PcRXR reached highest the level on day 1 after ESA and increased 2.7-fold relative to day 0. In the hepatopancreas, PcEcR and PcRXR dEcReased continuously after ESA, and the expression levels of PcEcR and PcRXR were only 0.7% and 1.7% on day 7 after ESA relative to day 0, respectively. In the ovaries, PcEcR was upregulated after ESA, reached the highest level on day 3 after ESA, increased 3.0-fold relative to day 0, and the expression level of PcRXR changed insignificantly after ESA (p > 0.05). The different responses of PcEcR and PcRXR after ESA indicates that different tissues play different roles (and coordinates their functions) in molting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hao Dai
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Ali Sserwadda
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Kun Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Zang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Huai-Shun Shen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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13
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Aaen SM, Hamre LA, Horsberg TE. A screening of medicinal compounds for their effect on egg strings and nauplii of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1201-1212. [PMID: 27038351 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Egg strings and nauplii of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis were exposed to a variety of medicinal compounds at 50 mg L(-1) for 30 min in two experiment series. This medicine concentration was selected as a starting point for a screening series. Hatching of egg strings and development to copepodid larvae were monitored in one experiment, and the survival and development of nauplii were monitored in the other. Two compounds, emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin, inhibited hatching effectively. Several compounds affected nauplii, either directly or through inhibiting development to the infective stage. A total of 50 mg L(-1) of azamethiphos, cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate and propoxur was lethal to >70% of the larvae. Diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb, pymetrozine, pyriprole and tebufenozide diminished the ability of nauplii developing to copepodids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Aaen
- NMBU School of Veterinary Science, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - L A Hamre
- University of Bergen, Sea Lice Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - T E Horsberg
- NMBU School of Veterinary Science, Sea Lice Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Hwang DS, Han J, Won EJ, Kim DH, Jeong CB, Hwang UK, Zhou B, Choe J, Lee JS. BDE-47 causes developmental retardation with down-regulated expression profiles of ecdysteroid signaling pathway-involved nuclear receptor (NR) genes in the copepod Tigriopus japonicus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:285-294. [PMID: 27337698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in marine environments. Despite its adverse effects (e.g. developmental retardation) in ecdysozoa, the effects of BDE-47 on transcription of ecdysteroid signaling pathway-involved-nuclear receptor (NR) genes and metamorphosis-related genes have not been examined in copepods. To examine the deleterious effect of BDE-47 on copepod molting and metamorphosis, BDE-47 was exposed to the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus, followed by monitoring developmental retardation and transcriptional alteration of NR genes. The developmental rate was significantly inhibited (P<0.05) in response to BDE-47 and the agricultural insecticide gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane. Conversely, the ecdysteroid agonist ponasterone A (PoA) led to decreased molting and metamorphosis time (P<0.05) from the nauplius stage to the adult stage. In particular, expression profiles of all NR genes were the highest at naupliar stages 5-6 except for SVP, FTZ-F1, and HR96 genes. Nuclear receptor USP, HR96, and FTZ-F1 genes also showed significant sex differences (P<0.05) in gene expression levels over different developmental stages, indicating that these genes may be involved in vitellogenesis. NR gene expression patterns showed significant decreases (P<0.05) in response to BDE-47 exposure, implying that molting and metamorphosis retardation is likely associated with NR gene expression. In summary, BDE-47 leads to molting and metamorphosis retardation and suppresses transcription of NR genes. This information will be helpful in understanding the molting and metamorphosis delay mechanism in response to BDE-47 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sik Hwang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 46083, South Korea
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Joonho Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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15
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Gong J, Ye H, Xie Y, Yang Y, Huang H, Li S, Zeng C. Ecdysone receptor in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain: a possible role in promoting ovarian development. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:273-87. [PMID: 25563354 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In arthropods, it is known that ecdysteroids regulate molting, limb regeneration, and reproduction through activation of the ecdysone receptor (EcR). However, the ecdysteroid signaling pathway for promotion of ovarian development in crustaceans is still unclear. In this study, three cDNA isoforms of EcR were cloned from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. qRT-PCR revealed that the SpEcR mRNA was abundant in the eyestalk, ovary and epidermis. During ovarian development, the SpEcR transcripts increased from stage I (undeveloped stage) and reached a peak at stage IV (late vitellogenic stage) before dropping to a lower level at stage V (mature stage). Meanwhile, levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the hemolymph, detected by HPLC-MS, displayed a similar pattern of increase with ovarian development. Results from in situ hybridization indicated that SpEcR mRNA was present in the follicular cells during vitellogenesis. Results from in vivo experiments revealed that 20E at 0.2 μg/g body weight significantly stimulated the expression of SpEcR and vitellogenin (SpVg) in female crabs during the early vitellogenic stage but not during the previtellogenic stage. This was confirmed by results from in vitro experiments which indicated that SpEcR and SpVg expression levels were significantly upregulated in early vitellogenic ovarian explants incubated with 5.0 μM 20E at 3 and 6 h but not in previtellogenic ovarian explants. Finally, results from in vitro gene silencing experiments indicated that the expression of SpEcR and SpVg in the ovary was significantly inhibited by SpEcR dsRNA. All these results together indicated that in S. paramamosain, 20E, and SpEcR, located in the follicular cells, play important roles in the promotion of ovarian development via regulating the expression of SpVg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gong
- College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Yinjie Xie
- College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Yanan Yang
- College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Huiyang Huang
- College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Shaojing Li
- College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Chaoshu Zeng
- College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen University, Xiamen 361102, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Marine Biological ResourcesXiamen 361102, ChinaCollege of Marine and Environmental SciencesJames Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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16
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Gu ZY, Li FC, Wang BB, Xu KZ, Ni M, Zhang H, Shen WD, Li B. Differentially expressed genes in the fat body of Bombyx mori in response to phoxim insecticide. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 117:47-53. [PMID: 25619911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an economically important insect. However, poisoning of silkworms by organophosphate pesticides causes tremendous loss to the sericulture. The fat body is the major tissue involved in detoxification and produces antimicrobial peptides and regulates hormones. In this study, a microarray system comprising 22,987 oligonucluotide 70-mer probes was employed to examine differentially expressed genes in the fat body of B. mori exposed to phoxim insecticide. The results showed that a total of 774 genes were differentially expressed upon phoxim exposure, including 500 up-regulated genes and 274 down-regulated genes. The expression levels of eight detoxification-related genes were up-regulated upon phoxim exposure, including six cytochrome P450s and two glutathione-S-transferases. It was firstly found that eight antimicrobial peptide genes were down-regulated, which might provide important references for studying the larvae of B. mori become more susceptible to microbial infections after phoxim treatment. In addition, we firstly detected the expression level of metamorphosis-related genes after phoxim exposure, which may lead to impacted reproduction. Our results may facilitate the overall understanding of the molecular mechanism of multiple pathways following exposure to phoxim insecticide in the fat body of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - F C Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - B B Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - K Z Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - M Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - H Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - W D Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - B Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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17
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Molecular characterisation of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis salmonis (Krøyer, 1837), ecdysone receptor with emphasis on functional studies of female reproduction. Int J Parasitol 2014; 45:175-85. [PMID: 25444859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda, Caligidae) is an important parasite in the salmon farming industry in the Northern Hemisphere causing annual losses of hundreds of millions of dollars (US) worldwide. To facilitate development of a vaccine or other novel measures to gain control of the parasite, knowledge about molecular biological functions of L. salmonis is vital. In arthropods, a nuclear receptor complex consisting of the ecdysone receptor and the retinoid X receptor, ultraspiracle, are well known to be involved in a variety of both developmental and reproductive processes. To investigate the role of the ecdysone receptor in the salmon louse, we isolated and characterised cDNA with the 5'untranslated region of the predicted L. salmonis EcR (LsEcR). The LsEcR cDNA was 1608 bp encoding a 536 amino acid sequence that demonstrated high sequence similarities to other arthropod ecdysone receptors including Tribolium castaneum and Locusta migratoria. Moreover, in situ analysis of adult female lice revealed that the LsEcR transcript is localised in a wide variety of tissues such as ovaries, sub-cuticula and oocytes. Knock-down studies of LsEcR using RNA interference terminated egg production, indicating that the LsEcR plays important roles in reproduction and oocyte maturation. We believe this is the first report on the ecdysone receptor in the economically important parasite L. salmonis.
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18
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Hook SE, Twine NA, Simpson SL, Spadaro DA, Moncuquet P, Wilkins MR. 454 pyrosequencing-based analysis of gene expression profiles in the amphipod Melita plumulosa: transcriptome assembly and toxicant induced changes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 153:73-88. [PMID: 24434169 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing using Roche's 454 pyrosequencing platform can be used to generate genomic information for non-model organisms, although there are bioinformatic challenges associated with these studies. These challenges are compounded by a lack of a standardized protocol to either assemble data or to evaluate the quality of a de novo transcriptome. This study presents an assembly of the control and toxicant responsive transcriptome of Melita plumulosa, an Australian amphipod commonly used in ecotoxicological studies. RNA was harvested from control amphipods, juvenile amphipods, and from amphipods exposed to either metal or diesel contaminated sediments. This RNA was used as the basis for a 454 based transcriptome sequencing effort. Sequencing generated 1.3 million reads from control, juvenile, metal-exposed and diesel-exposed amphipods. Different read filtering and assembly protocols were evaluated to generate an assembly that (i) had an optimal number of contigs; (ii) had long contigs; (iii) contained a suitable representation of conserved genes; and (iv) had long ortholog alignment lengths relative to the length of each contig. A final assembly, generated using fixed-length trimming based on the sequence quality scores, followed by assembly using the MIRA algorithm, produced the best results. The 26,625 contigs generated via this approach were annotated using Blast2GO, and the differential expression between treatments and control was determined by mapping with BWA followed by DESeq. Although the mapping generated low coverage, many differentially expressed contigs, including some with known developmental or toxicological function, were identified. This study demonstrated that 454 pyrosequencing is an effective means of generating reference transcriptome information for organisms, such as the amphipod M. plumulosa, that have no genomic information available in databases or in closely related sequenced species. It also demonstrated how optimization of read filtering protocols and assembly approaches changes the utility of results obtained from next generation sequencing studies, and establishes criteria to determine the quality of a de novo assembly in species lacking a reference genome. This new transcriptomic knowledge provides the genomic foundation for the creation of microarray and qPCR assays, serving as a reference transcriptome in future RNAseq studies, and allowing both the biology and ecotoxicology of this organism to be better understood. This approach will allow genomics-based methodology to be applied to a wider range of environmentally relevant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Natalie A Twine
- NSW Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - David A Spadaro
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Philippe Moncuquet
- CSIRO Mathematics, Informatics, and Statistics, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- NSW Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Shen Y, Gong YJ, Gu J, Huang LH, Feng QL. Physiological effect of mild thermal stress and its induction of gene expression in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 61:34-41. [PMID: 24406661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp) and its cognate protein (Hsc) play important roles in helping insects survive extreme temperatures. However, high level of Hsp expression usually brings negative physiological effects on organisms. The mechanism of this trade-off is unclear. In this study, a lepidopteran insect, the common cutworm Spodoptera litura, was stressed at different temperatures, and the impact on both thermotolerance and fecundity was examined. The mRNA levels of four Hsp/Hscs (Hsp90, Hsc90, Hsp70 and Hsc70) and two ecdysone receptors (EcRs, EcRA and EcRB1) in different stresses and during the larval-pupal metamorphosis were determined. The results revealed that the pre-acclamation at mild stress increased the thermotolerance but decreased the egg production in adults. During the stress process, the mRNA levels of all the Hsp/Hsc and ecdysone receptor genes were significantly up-regulated. The two Hsp/Hsc70s and EcRs revealed consistent expression profiles with each other during the larval-pupal metamorphosis. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis indicated that Hsp/Hsc70 interacted with EcRs. RNAi of Hsc70 decreased the mRNA levels of two 20E-induced genes such as E74B and E75. Hsp70 transferred from the cytoplasm to nucleus in response to cold stress. These data together suggest that Hsp/Hsc70 might be involved in the regulation of 20E signaling, and the protein-protein interaction between Hsp/Hsc70 and EcRs probably act as a bridge mediating the trade-off between high thermotolerance and physiological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan-Jun Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Qi-Li Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Entomology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Hook SE, Osborn HL, Spadaro DA, Simpson SL. Assessing mechanisms of toxicant response in the amphipod Melita plumulosa through transcriptomic profiling. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 146:247-57. [PMID: 24334007 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the function of transcripts with altered abundance in the epibenthic amphipod, Melita plumulosa, following whole-sediment exposure to a series of common environmental contaminants. M. plumulosa were exposed for 48 h to sediments spiked and equilibrated with the following contaminants at concentrations predicted to cause sublethal effects to reproduction: porewater ammonia 30 mg L(-1); bifenthrin at 100 μg kg(-1); fipronil at 50 μg kg(-1); 0.6% diesel; 0.3% crude oil; 250 mg Cu kg(-1); 400 mg Ni kg(-1); and 400 mg Zn kg(-1). RNA was extracted and hybridized against a custom Agilent microarray developed for this species. Although the microarray represented a partial transcriptome and not all features on the array could be annotated, unique transcriptomic profiles were generated for each of the contaminant exposures. Hierarchical clustering grouped the expression profiles together by contaminant class, with copper and zinc, the petroleum products and nickel, and the pesticides each forming a distinct cluster. Many of the transcriptional changes observed were consistent with patterns previously described in other crustaceans. The changes in the transcriptome demonstrated that contaminant exposure caused changes in digestive function, growth and moulting, and the cytoskeleton following metal exposure, whereas exposure to petroleum products caused changes in carbohydrate metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism and hormone cycling. Functional analysis of these gene expression profiles can provide a better understanding of modes of toxic action and permits the prediction of mixture effects within contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee 2232, NSW, Australia.
| | - Hannah L Osborn
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee 2232, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Spadaro
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee 2232, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee 2232, NSW, Australia
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Watermann BT, Albanis TA, Dagnac T, Gnass K, Ole Kusk K, Sakkas VA, Wollenberger L. Effects of methyltestosterone, letrozole, triphenyltin and fenarimol on histology of reproductive organs of the copepod Acartia tonsa. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:544-554. [PMID: 23664474 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The marine calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa was exposed to methyltestosterone (MET, 1.6-126 μg L(-1)), letrozole (LET, 10-1000 μg L(-1)), triphenyltin chloride (TPT, 0.0014-0.0088 μg L(-1) TPT-Sn) and fenarimol (FEN, 2.8-105 μg L(-1)) for 21 d covering a full life-cycle. All four compounds investigated are known to act as androgens in vertebrates. The digestive tract, musculature, nervous system, reproductive organs, gonad and accessory sexual glands were examined by light microscopy after routine staining and immune-labelling for detection of apoptosis and determination of proliferation activities. MET induced an inhibition of oogenesis, oocyte maturation and yolk formation, respectively, which was most pronounced at the lowest concentrations tested. In LET exposed males, spermatogenesis was enhanced with very prominent gamete stages; in some stages apoptosis occurred. The spermatophore was hypertrophied and displayed deformations. In females, LET induced a disorder of oogenesis and disturbances in yolk synthesis. TPT stimulated the male reproductive system at 0.0014 and 0.0035 μg TPT-SnL(-1), whereas inhibiting effects were observed in the female gonad at 0.0088 μg TPT-SnL(-1). In FEN exposed females proliferation of gametes was reduced and yolk formation showed irregular features at 2.8-105 μgL(-1). In FEN exposed males an elevated proliferation activity was observed. No pathological alterations in other organ systems, e.g. the digestive tract including the hindgut acting as respiratory organ, the nervous system, or the musculature were seen. This indicates that the effects on gonads might be caused rather by disturbance of endocrine signalling or interference with hormone metabolism than by general toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkard T Watermann
- Laboratory for Aquatic Research and Comparative Pathology (LimnoMar), Bei der Neuen Muenze 11, D-22145 Hamburg, Germany.
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