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Lu N, Du Z, Chu F, Xiao R, Wu Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chu W. Tracking the impact of perfluoroalkyl acid emissions on antibiotic resistance gene profiles in receiving water by metagenomic analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121931. [PMID: 38924952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The ecological risks posed by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to the aquatic environment have recently been of great concern. However, little information was available on the impact of PFAAs on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) profiles. In this study, the receiving river of the largest fluoropolymer production facility in China was selected to investigate the effects of PFAAs on ARGs profiles. The highest PFAAs concentration for water samples near the industrial effluent discharge point was 310.9 μg/L, which was thousands times of higher than the average concentration collected at upstream sites. Perfluorooctanoic acid accounted for more than 67.2 % of ∑PFAAs concentration in water samples collected at the downstream sites, followed by perfluorohexanoic acid (3.6 %-15.9 %). 145 ARG subtypes including high-risk ARGs were detected by metagenomic technology. The results indicated that the discharge of PFAA-containing effluents had a significant impact on the abundance and diversity of ARGs in receiving waters, and PFAAs and water quality parameters (e.g., pH, NH3N, CODMn, TP) could largely affect ARG profiles. Specifically, short-chain PFAAs had similar impacts on ARG profiles compared to the restricted long-chain PFAAs. This study confirmed the potential effects of PFAAs on ARGs in aquatic environment and provided more insights into the ecological risk raised by PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shandong Provincial Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Zhenqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shandong Provincial Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Fumin Chu
- Shandong Provincial Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhengdi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong Provincial Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan, 250101, China.
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Zheng S, Lin T, Chen H, Zhang X, Jiang F. Impact of changes in biofilm composition response following chlorine and chloramine disinfection on nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation and toxicity risk in drinking water distribution systems. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121331. [PMID: 38377929 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In practical drinking water treatment, chlorine and chloramine disinfection exhibit different mechanisms that affect biofilm growth. This study focused on the influence of biofilm composition changes, especially extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions, on the potential formation and toxicity of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBP). Significant differences in microbial diversity and community structure were observed between the chlorine and chloramine treatments. Notably, the biofilms from the chloramine-treated group had higher microbial dominance and greater accumulation of organic precursors, as evidenced by the semi-quantitative confocal laser-scanning microscopy assay of more concentrated microbial aggregates and polysaccharide proteins in the samples. Additionally, the chloramine-treated group compared with chlorine had a higher EPS matrix content, with a 13.5 % increase in protein. Furthermore, the protein distribution within the biofilm differed; in the chlorine group, proteins were concentrated in the central region, whereas in the chloramine group, proteins were primarily located at the water-biofilm interface. Notably, functional prediction analyses of protein fractions in biofilms revealed specific functional regulation patterns and increased metabolism-related abundance of proteins in the chlorine-treated group. This increase was particularly pronounced for proteins such as dehydrogenases, reductases, transcription factors, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. By combining the Fukui function and density functional calculations to further analyse the effect of biofilm component changes on N-DBP production under chlorine/chloramine and by assessing the toxicity risk potential of N-DBP, it was determined that chloramine disinfection is detrimental to biofilm control and the accumulation of protein precursors has a higher formation potential of N-DBPs and toxicity risk, increasing the health risk of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou 215002, China
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Kalu CM, Mudau KL, Masindi V, Ijoma GN, Tekere M. Occurrences and implications of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in different stages of drinking water treatment plants and distribution systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26380. [PMID: 38434035 PMCID: PMC10906316 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Different stages of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) play specific roles in diverse contaminants' removal present in natural water sources. Although the stages are recorded to promote adequate treatment of water, the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria (PB) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the treated water and the changes in their diversity and abundance as it passed down to the end users through the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), is a great concern, especially to human health. This could imply that the different stages and the distribution system provide a good microenvironment for their growth. Hence, it becomes pertinent to constantly monitor and document the diversity of PB and ARB present at each stage of the treatment and distribution system. This review aimed at documenting the occurrence of PB and ARB at different stages of treatment and distribution systems as well as the implication of their occurrence globally. An exhaustive literature search from Web of Science, Science-Direct database, Google Scholar, Academic Research Databases like the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Scopus, and SpringerLink was done. The obtained information showed that the different treatment stages and distribution systems influence the PB and ARB that proliferate. To minimize the human health risks associated with the occurrence of these PB, the present review, suggests the development of advanced technologies that can promote quick monitoring of PB/ARB at each treatment stage and distribution system as well as reduction of the cost of environomics analysis to promote better microbial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimdi M. Kalu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Khuthadzo L. Mudau
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Vhahangwele Masindi
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
- Magalies Water, Scientific Services, Research & Development Division, Brits, South Africa
| | - Grace N. Ijoma
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Zhang J, Li W, Zhang X, Wang X, Lv L. Combined applications of UV and chlorine on antibiotic resistance control: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117884. [PMID: 38072103 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health problems caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) have become a global concern. ARB and ARGs have been continuously detected in various water environments, which pose a new challenge for water quality safety assurance. Disinfection is a key water treatment process to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in water, and combined chlorine and UV processes (the UV/Cl2 process, the UV-Cl2 process, and the Cl2-UV process) are considered potential disinfection methods to control antibiotic resistance. This review documented the efficacy and mechanism of combined UV and chlorine processes for the control of antibiotic resistance, as well as the effects of chlorine dose, solution pH, UV wavelength, and water matrix on the effectiveness of the processes. There are knowledge gaps in research on the combined chlorine and UV processes for antibiotic resistance control, in particular the UV-Cl2 process and the Cl2-UV process. In addition, changes in the structure of microbial communities and the distribution of ARGs, which are closely related to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the water, induced by combined processes were also addressed. Whether these changes could lead to the re-transmission of antibiotic resistance and harm human health may need to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Longyi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Jiang R, Wang D, Jia S, Li Q, Liu S, Zhang XX. Dynamics of bacterioplankton communities in the estuary areas of the Taihu Lake: Distinct ecological mechanisms of abundant and rare communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117782. [PMID: 38036201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
As the crucial confluences of rivers and lakes, the estuary areas with varied hydrodynamic exchanges intensively affect the bacterioplankton communities, whereas the ecological characteristics of the bacterioplankton in the areas have not been well understood. Here, the distribution patterns and assembly mechanisms of bacterioplankton communities in the estuary areas of the Taihu Lake were investigated using high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistical analyses. Our results showed obvious seasonal variations in bacterioplankton diversity and community composition, which had significant correlations with water temperature. Neutral and null models together revealed that stochastic processes (especially dispersal limitation) were the major processes in shaping the communities across different seasons. By contrast, heterogeneous selection in deterministic processes exhibited increased impacts on community assembly during summer and autumn, which was significantly related to the comprehensive water quality index (WQI) rather than any single factor. In this study, rare communities displayed more pronounced seasonal dynamics compared to abundant communities, likely due to their sensitivity towards environmental factors. Accordingly, the heterogeneous selection of deterministic processes largely shaped the rare communities. These results enriched our understanding of the assembly mechanisms of bacterioplankton communities in estuary areas and emphasized the specific co-occurrence patterns of abundant and rare communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shuyu Jia
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Chen P, Zeng J, Hong F, Li C, Wang H, Yu X. The importance of biofilm contamination control for dental unit waterlines: a multicenter assessment of the microbiota diversity of biofilm in dental unit waterlines. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 16:2299496. [PMID: 38174123 PMCID: PMC10763872 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2299496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The biofilm formation in Dental Unit Waterlines (DUWLs) could become an important cause of infection during dental care, which could put immunocompromised individuals at risk of cross-infection. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial communities of biofilms among DUWLs using high-throughput sequencing technology. Methods Twenty-nine biofilm samples were obtained from 24 dental chair units at 5 hospitals and 2 dental clinics. The genomic DNA of the samples was extracted, then 16S rDNA and ITS2 gene were amplified and sequenced. Alpha-diversity and Beta-diversity were calculated with QIIME2 and the Kruskal - Wallis H-test was adopted for statistical analysis. Results Microbial communities with a high diversity of bacteria (377 genera) and fungi (83 genera) were detected in the biofilm samples. The dominant phylum of bacteria was Proteobacteria (93.27%) and that of fungi was Basidiomycota (68.15%). Potential human pathogens were detected including 7 genera of bacteria (Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Hafnia-Obesumbacterium, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Ralstonia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella) and 6 genera of fungi (Malassezia, Candida, Alternaria, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Rhinocladiella). Conclusions This multicenter assessment revealed the infectious risk during dental care. It emphasized the importance of biofilm control due to biofilm accumulation and multiple kinds of opportunistic pathogens in DUWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiruo Hong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Cong Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Huimin Wang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ZhejiangChina
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7
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Zheng S, Lin T, Zhang X, Jiang F. Response mechanisms of pipe wall biofilms in water supply networks under different disinfection strategy pressures and the effect of mediating halogenated acetonitrile formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140382. [PMID: 37806328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Residual chlorine and biofilm coexistence is inevitable in drinking water transmission and distribution networks. Understanding the microbial response and its mediated effects on disinfection byproducts under different categories of residual chlorine stress is essential to ensure water safety. The aim of our study was to determine the response of pipe wall biofilms to residual chlorine pressure in chlorine and chloramine systems and to understand the microbially mediated effects on the formation and migration of haloacetonitriles (HANs), typical nitrogenous disinfection byproducts. According to the experimental results, the biofilm response changes under pressure, with significant differences noted in morphological characteristics, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) spatial structure, bacterial diversity, and functional abundance potential. Upon incubation with residual chlorine (1.0 ± 0.2 mg/L), the biofilm biomass per unit area, EPS, community abundance, and diversity increased in the chloramine group, and the percentage of viable bacteria increased, potentially indicating that the chloramine group provides a richer variety of organic matter precursors. Compared with the chloramine group, the chlorination group exhibited increased haloacetonitrile formation potential (HANFP), with Rhodococcus (43.2%) dominating the system, whereas the prediction abundance of metabolic functions was advantageous, especially with regard to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and the biodegradation and metabolism of foreign chemicals. Under chlorine stress, pipe wall biofilms play a stronger role in mediating HAN production. It is inferred that chlorine may stimulates microbial interactions, and more metabolites (e.g., EPS) consume chlorine to protect microbial survival. EPS dominates in biofilms, in which proteins exhibit greater HANFP than polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company, Suzhou, 215002, China
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Zhao Y, Huang F, Wang W, Gao R, Fan L, Wang A, Gao SH. Application of high-throughput sequencing technologies and analytical tools for pathogen detection in urban water systems: Progress and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165867. [PMID: 37516185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, in urban water systems poses a significant risk to public health. The emergence of infectious waterborne diseases mediated by urban water systems has become one of the leading global causes of mortality. However, the detection and monitoring of these pathogenic microorganisms have been limited by the complexity and diversity in the environmental samples. Conventional methods were restricted by long assay time, high benchmarks of identification, and narrow application sceneries. Novel technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing technologies, enable potentially full-spectrum detection of trace pathogenic microorganisms in complex environmental matrices. This review discusses the current state of high-throughput sequencing technologies for identifying pathogenic microorganisms in urban water systems with a concise summary. Furthermore, future perspectives in pathogen research emphasize the need for detection methods with high accuracy and sensitivity, the establishment of precise detection standards and procedures, and the significance of bioinformatics software and platforms. We have compiled a list of pathogens analysis software/platforms/databases that boast robust engines and high accuracy for preference. We highlight the significance of analyses by combining targeted and non-targeted sequencing technologies, short and long reads technologies, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatic tools in pursuing upgraded biosafety in urban water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shu-Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Liu S, Li Q, Jiang R, Liu P, Zhang XX. Shift of human pathogen community composition and their potential human health risk after supply suspension in tap water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12419. [PMID: 37528119 PMCID: PMC10393962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Water supply suspension-restoration can occur frequently due to the overhauling of civil infrastructure in developing countries and the shutdown of commercial buildings during the pandemic. For comprehensive insights into the effects of water supply suspension-restoration, this study characterized the variations of the pathogen community composition of the tap water and their infection risk under different water supply scenarios. Metagenomic sequencing revealed a significant change of the human pathogen profiles, among which the most dominant pathogen changed from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.91%) to Acinetobacter johnsonii (0.59%). Furthermore, absolute quantification of pathogens by propidium-monoazide-qPCR revealed that the abundance of the three typical pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium avium and Salmonella sp.) showed an increase of 2.44 log to 3.60 log immediately after water supply suspension-restoration and did not return to the normal level even after 2-h supply restoration, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Quantitative microbial risk assessment suggested the infection risks of the three pathogens arising from direct utilization of tap water under stable water supply, including dermal exposure and oral intake, were all above the threshold of 10-4, and evidently increased after water supply suspension-restoration. This study warns us against the risk induced by the pathogens in tap water, especially after water supply suspension-restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qisheng Li
- China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ruiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Ying Z, Wu J, Ma M, Wang X, Huo M. Aquifer clogging caused by chlorine disinfection during the reclaimed water recharge. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139387. [PMID: 37394185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquifer clogging plays a critical role in the efficiency of reclaimed water recharge. While chlorine disinfection is commonly used for reclaimed water, its impact on clogging has seldom been discussed. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of chlorine disinfection on clogging by establishing a lab-scale reclaimed water recharge system that utilized chlorine-treated secondary effluent as feed water. The findings indicated that increasing the chlorine concentration led to a surge in the total amount of suspended particles, and the median particle size increased from 2.65 μm to 10.58 μm. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of dissolved organic matter decreased by 20%, with 80% of these compounds, including humic acid, becoming entrapped within the porous media. Additionally, the formation of biofilms was also found to be promoted. Microbial community structure analysis unveiled a consistent dominance of Proteobacteria consistently exceeded 50% in relative abundance. Moreover, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased from 0.19% to 26.28%, thereby verifying their strong tolerance to chlorine disinfection. These results showed that higher chlorine concentrations could stimulate microorganisms to secrete an increased quantity of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and form a coexistence system with the trapped particles and natural organic matter (NOM) within the porous media. Consequently, this supported the formation of biofilms, thereby potentially elevating the risk of aquifer clogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Ying
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jinghui Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Min Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Mingxin Huo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Jia S, Tian Y, Song Y, Zhang H, Kang M, Guo H, Chen H. Effect of NaClO and ClO 2 on the bacterial properties in a reclaimed water distribution system: efficiency and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27456-6. [PMID: 37178295 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extensive application of reclaimed water alleviated water scarcity obviously. Bacterial proliferation in reclaimed water distribution systems (RWDSs) poses a threat to water safety. Disinfection is the most common method to control microbial growth. The present study investigated the efficiency and mechanisms of two widely used disinfectants: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on the bacterial community and cell integrity in effluents of RWDSs through high-throughput sequencing (Hiseq) and flow cytometry, respectively. Results showed that a low disinfectant dose (1 mg/L) did not change the bacterial community basically, while an intermediate disinfectant dose (2 mg/L) reduced the biodiversity significantly. However, some tolerant species survived and multiplied in high disinfectant environments (4 mg/L). Additionally, the effect of disinfection on bacterial properties varied between effluents and biofilm, with changes in the abundance, bacterial community, and biodiversity. Results of flow cytometry showed that NaClO disturbed live bacterial cells rapidly, while ClO2 caused greater damage, stripping the bacterial membrane and exposing the cytoplasm. This research will provide valuable information for assessing the disinfection efficiency, biological stability control, and microbial risk management of reclaimed water supply systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Jia
- Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yimei Tian
- Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haiya Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment|, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Mengxin Kang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, MNR (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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12
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Batista AMM, Siqueira JCD, Meynet P, Werner D, Garcia GPP, Davenport RJ, Pereira AD, Siniscalchi LAB, Araújo JCD, Mota Filho CR. Diversity and dynamics of bacterial communities in the drinking water distribution network of a mid-sized city in Brazil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1733-1747. [PMID: 36573676 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the bacterial community composition of a drinking water system (DWS) serving a mid-sized city (120,000 inhabitants) in Brazil. Water samples, including raw and treated water, were collected at seven points throughout the DWS. DNA was extracted and analysed using high-throughput sequencing (Ion Torrent). Free chlorine and turbidity were measured in situ. Results showed that the highest relative abundance of 16S rRNA genes was from phyla Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The next most abundant phylum was Cyanobacteria, represented by Arthronema, Calothrix, and Synechococcus. An interesting observation was that the DNA-based analysis suggested a bacterial community change in the distribution network, with treated reservoir water being very different from the network samples. This suggests active microbiology within the distribution network and a tendency for bacterial diversity to decrease after chlorine disinfection but increase after pipeline distribution. In raw water, a predominance of Proteobacteria was observed with reduced Cyanobacteria, showing a negative correlation. In treated water, Proteobacteria were negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes. Finally, 16S rRNA genes from Firmicutes (especially Staphylococcus) had a high abundance in the chlorinated water, which may indicate the phylum's resistance to chlorine residuals. Opportunistic pathogens, e.g., Mycobacteria, Legionella, and Staphylococcus, were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Moreira Batista
- Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, State University of Minas Gerais (João Monlevade Unit), Brasília Avenue, 1304 - Bau, 35930-314 João Monlevade, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Juliano Curi de Siqueira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Aquenta Sol, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paola Meynet
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Werner
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graziella Patricio Pereira Garcia
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Russell J Davenport
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alyne Duarte Pereira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Juliana Calábria de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Cesar Rossas Mota Filho
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
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Variation in the Structure and Composition of Bacterial Communities within Drinking Water Fountains in Melbourne, Australia. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern drinking water distributions systems (DWDSs) have been designed to transport treated or untreated water safely to the consumer. DWDSs are complex environments where microorganisms are able to create their own niches within water, biofilm or sediment. This study was conducted on twelve drinking fountains (of three different types, namely types A, B and C) within the Melbourne (Australia) city area with the aim to (i) characterize the water quality and viable and total counts at each fountain, (ii) compare the differences in the structure and diversity of the bacterial community between bulk water and biofilm and (iii) determine differences between the bacterial communities based on fountain type. Samples of water and biofilm were assessed using both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Heterotrophic plate counts of water samples ranged from 0.5 to 107.5 CFU mL−1, and as expected, total cell counts (cells mL−1) were, on average, 2.9 orders of magnitude higher. Based on the mean relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), ANOSIM showed that the structure of the bacterial communities in drinking water and biofilm varied significantly (R = 0.58, p = 0.001). Additionally, ANOSIM showed that across fountain types (in water), the bacterial community was more diverse in fountain type C compared to type A (p < 0.001) and type B (p < 0.001). 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing revealed that the bacterial communities in both water and biofilm were dominated by only seven phyla, with Proteobacteria accounting for 71.3% of reads in water and 68.9% in biofilm. The next most abundant phylum was Actinobacteria (10.4% water; 11.7% biofilm). In water, the genus with the highest overall mean relative abundance was Sphingomonas (24.2%), while Methylobacterium had the highest mean relative abundance in biofilm samples (54.7%). At the level of genus and higher, significant differences in dominance were found across fountain types. In water, Solirubrobacterales (order) were present in type C fountains at a relative abundance of 17%, while the mean relative abundance of Sphingomonas sp. in type C fountains was less than half that in types A (25%) and B (43%). In biofilm, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas sp. was more than double in type A (10%) fountains compared to types B (4%) and C (5%), and Sandarakinorhabdus sp. were high in type A fountains (6%) and low in types B and C (1%). Overall this research showed that there were significant differences in the composition of bacterial communities in water and biofilm from the same site. Furthermore, significant variation exists between microbial communities present in the fountain types, which may be related to age. Long-established environments may lead to a greater chance of certain bacteria gaining abilities such as increased disinfection resistance. Variations between the structure of the bacterial community residing in water and biofilm and differences between fountain types show that it is essential to regularly test samples from individual locations to determine microbial quality.
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Zhang X, Lin T, Jiang F, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang S. Impact of pipe material and chlorination on the biofilm structure and microbial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133218. [PMID: 34890609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pipe material and residual chlorine are key factors for the drinking water distribution system, and understanding the biofilm ecosystem is vital for water quality safeguard. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of pipe materials (ductile iron, steel, polyethylene) and chlorination on the biofilm structure and microbial community, as shown by the physicochemical properties, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) structural characteristics, bacterial community composition, and functional traits. EPS spatial properties were studied based on a semi-quantitative confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) description. Regarding the impact of chlorination, residule chlorine (1.0 ± 0.3 mg L-1 free chlorine) could inhibit the bacteria colonization, and initiate a potential response to external disinfectants revealed by the EPS spatial distribution changes and communities variation compared to unchlorinated system. Regarding the impact of pipe material, polyethylene (PE) biofilms displayed lower biomass, loose zoogloea structure, lower proteins and polysaccharides content, and poor microbial diversity in contrast to ductile iron and steel biofilms. Pipe material was the more possible driving factor of the biofilm community composition compared to the chlorination based on principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Actinobacteria was dominant in the PE biofilms (45.57%-83.32%), while Alphaproteobacteria (34.30%-73.22%) and Gammaproteobacteria (6.46%-36.82%) were the major classes in the steel and ductile iron biofilms. The genus Rhodococcus was predominant in the PE biofilms. Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas seemed to have a better growth advantage in the chlorinated system and display a stronger disinfectant resistance. Functional sketch prediction indicated the potential impact of pipe material and chlorination on functional pathway abundnce, possible functional pathways associated with infectious disease included. This study provides insights into the impact of pipe material and chlorination on biofilm structure and microbial community and might help to develop monitoring or maintenance strategies to protect the biosafety of the drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company Limited, Suzhou, 215002, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company Limited, Suzhou, 215002, PR China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Shisheng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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15
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Dang Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang Q, Han M, Niu Y, Li H, Li X. Assessment of microbiota diversity in dental unit waterline contamination. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12723. [PMID: 35036099 PMCID: PMC8743008 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) provide water for handpieces, air/water syringes, and mouth-rinse water outlets. DUWL contamination can negatively affect the operating environment and public health. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the bacterial concentrations and microbial composition in the DUWLs from different dental specialties. METHODS We collected 350 5-mL dental water samples (from high-speed handpieces, air/water syringes, and mouth-rinse water outlets) from 60 dental chair units (DCUs) at a dental hospital to determine the bacterial concentrations by culture methods. Meanwhile, to investigate the diversity and community structure of microbe in the DUWLs, 17 high-quality DNA from 60 250-mL air/water syringe water samples, which were collected from the same 60 DCUs, were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The median bacterial concentration was 166 (31.5, 672.5) CFU/mL and the range was 0-3,816,000 CFU/mL. Only 42.6% of the water samples had bacterial concentrations below 100 CFU/mL. The Kruskal-Wallis H-test revealed that the water samples from three dental specialties had significantly different bacterial concentrations (H = 27.441, P < 0.01). High-throughput sequencing results showed significant differences in bacterial community structure between periodontics and the other two dental specialties. In the samples from three dental specialties, 508 OTUs were detected, with 160, 182 and 176 OTUs unique to the periodontics, endodontics and prosthodontics specialties, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) suggested that Hydrocarboniphaga, Zoogloea, Aquabacterium, and Hydrogenophaga were enriched in the periodontics specialty; Acinetobacter, Geothrix, and Desulfovibrio were enriched in the prosthodontics specialty; and Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa, and Serratia were enriched in the endodontics specialty. Seven potentially human-pathogenic genera (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Ochrobactrum, Rhizobium, Brevundimonas, and Methylobacterium) with relative abundance exceeding 1% were also detected in the DUWLs. CONCLUSIONS The bacterial concentrations and microbial composition were influenced by different dental specialties, so a validated disinfection protocol should be used to control DUWL contamination in different dental specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dang
- Department of Nursing, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nursing, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Han
- The Fourth Outpatient Department, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Niu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Nursing, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiue Li
- Department of Nursing, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang Y, Xu H, Shen Z, Liu C, Ding M, Lin T, Tao H, Chen W. Variation of carbonaceous disinfectants by-products precursors and their correlation with molecular characteristics of dissolved organic matter and microbial communities in a raw water distribution system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131180. [PMID: 34467942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The raw water distribution systems (RWDSs) play key roles in urban water supply systems. The changes of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) precursors of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and halogenated acetaldehydes (HALs) in the RWDS in Taihu Basin were investigated by formation potentials. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) method and 454-pyrosequencing were employed to study the variation of molecular characteristics of low molecular weight-dissolved organic matter (LMW-DOM) and microbial communities of pipeline biofilms respectively, which played crucial roles in the variation of DBPs precursors. The results showed that both DBPs precursors and the molecular characteristics of LMW-DOM in the RWDS had changed. Moreover, the LMW-DOM could be an indicator due to the good positive correlation with precursors of HAAs and HALs. Specifically, the LMW-DOM showed continuous accumulation in the RWDS. The LMW-DOM tended to possess higher m/z and more CH2 or long alkyl chains while pre-chlorination controlled this trend. The LMW-DOM in the pre-chlorinated pipe section also possessed higher saturation. Additionally, lignins served as an important part of DBPs precursors and dominated the LMW-DOM. The microbial diversity decreased in the RWDS, and the abundance and diversity of the microbial community in the pre-chlorinated section were significantly lower than those in the no-chlorinated section. Finally, most DBPs precursors had positive correlation with dominant phylum and genus in RWDS. This study reveals variation of DBPs precursors, LMW-DOM and microbial pipeline biofilms as well, and provide important data for further research on raw water safety and stability in RWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Zhen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chenwei Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Tao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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17
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Webster TM, McFarland A, Gebert MJ, Oliverio AM, Nichols LM, Dunn RR, Hartmann EM, Fierer N. Structure and Functional Attributes of Bacterial Communities in Premise Plumbing Across the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14105-14114. [PMID: 34606240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbes that thrive in premise plumbing can have potentially important effects on human health. Yet, how and why plumbing-associated microbial communities vary across broad spatial scales remain undetermined. We characterized the bacterial communities in 496 showerheads collected from across the continental United States. The overall community structure, determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, revealed high levels of bacterial diversity. Although a large fraction of the observed variation in community composition could not be explained, differences in bacterial community composition were associated with water supply (private well water vs public municipal water), water source (groundwater vs surface water), and associated differences in water chemistry (pH and chlorine). Most notably, showerheads in homes supplied with public water had higher abundances of Blastomonas, Mycobacterium, and Porphyrobacter, while Pseudorhodoplanes, Novosphingobium, and Nitrospira were more abundant in those receiving private well water. We conducted shotgun metagenomic analyses on 92 of these samples to assess differences in genomic attributes. Public water-sourced showerheads had communities enriched in genes related to lipid and xenobiotic metabolisms, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. In contrast, genes associated with oxidative stress and membrane transporters were over-represented in communities from private well water-sourced showerheads compared to those supplied by public water systems. These results highlight the broad diversity of bacteria found in premise plumbing across the United States and the role of the water source and treatment in shaping the microbial community structure and functional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Webster
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Alexander McFarland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew J Gebert
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States
| | - Angela M Oliverio
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States
| | - Lauren M Nichols
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1050, Denmark
| | - Erica M Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Noah Fierer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States
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18
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Wang HB, Wu YH, Luo LW, Yu T, Xu A, Xue S, Chen GQ, Ni XY, Peng L, Chen Z, Wang YH, Tong X, Bai Y, Xu YQ, Hu HY. Risks, characteristics, and control strategies of disinfection-residual-bacteria (DRB) from the perspective of microbial community structure. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117606. [PMID: 34500181 PMCID: PMC8390064 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of COVID-19 has aroused people's particular attention to biosafety. A growing number of disinfection products have been consumed during this period. However, the flaw of disinfection has not received enough attention, especially in water treatment processes. While cutting down the quantity of microorganisms, disinfection processes exert a considerable selection effect on bacteria and thus reshape the microbial community structure to a great extent, causing the problem of disinfection-residual-bacteria (DRB). These systematic and profound changes could lead to the shift in regrowth potential, bio fouling potential, as well as antibiotic resistance level and might cause a series of potential risks. In this review, we collected and summarized the data from the literature in recent 10 years about the microbial community structure shifting of natural water or wastewater in full-scale treatment plants caused by disinfection. Based on these data, typical DRB with the most reporting frequency after disinfection by chlorine-containing disinfectants, ozone disinfection, and ultraviolet disinfection were identified and summarized, which were the bacteria with a relative abundance of over 5% in the residual bacteria community and the bacteria with an increasing rate of relative abundance over 100% after disinfection. Furthermore, the phylogenic relationship and potential risks of these typical DRB were also analyzed. Twelve out of fifteen typical DRB genera contain pathogenic strains, and many were reported of great secretion ability. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter possess multiple disinfection resistance and could be considered as model bacteria in future studies of disinfection. We also discussed the growth, secretion, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of DRB, as well as possible control strategies. The DRB phenomenon is not limited to water treatment but also exists in the air and solid disinfection processes, which need more attention and more profound research, especially in the period of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Bin Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Li-Wei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Ao Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Gen-Qiang Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xin-Ye Ni
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lu Peng
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yun-Hong Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Zhou W, Li W, Chen J, Zhou Y, Wei Z, Gong L. Microbial diversity in full-scale water supply systems through sequencing technology: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25484-25496. [PMID: 35478887 PMCID: PMC9037190 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03680g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of microorganisms in full-scale water supply systems raises concerns about their pathogenicity and threats to public health. Clean tap water is essential for public health safety. The conditions of the water treatment process from the source water to tap water, including source water quality, water treatment processes, the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), and building water supply systems (BWSSs) in buildings, greatly influence the bacterial community in tap water. Given the importance of drinking water biosafety, the study of microbial diversity from source water to tap water is essential. With the development of molecular biology methods and bioinformatics in recent years, sequencing technology has been applied to study bacterial communities in full-scale water supply systems. In this paper, changes in the bacterial community and the influence of each treatment stage on microbial diversity in full-scale water supply systems are classified and analyzed. Microbial traceability analysis and control are discussed, and suggestions for future drinking water biosafety research and its prospects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China .,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Weiying Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China .,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Jiping Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Fuzhou Water Affairs Investment Development Co., Ltd. Fuzhou 350000 Fujian China
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Richard E, Bourhy P, Picardeau M, Moulin L, Wurtzer S. Effect of disinfection agents and quantification of potentially viable Leptospira in fresh water samples using a highly sensitive integrity-qPCR assay. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251901. [PMID: 34038443 PMCID: PMC8153454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an emerging worldwide zoonotic disease, but the general biology of the causative agents is still poorly understood. Humans are an occasional host. The main risk factors are water-associated exposure during professional or recreational activities or during outbreaks in endemic areas. Detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic environments and their capacity to resist various inactivation processes are research fields that need to be further developed. In addition, the methods used for detecting and enumerating Leptospira still need to be improved. We aimed to describe a new quantitative polymerase chain reaction coupled to propidium monoazide treatment (PMAqPCR) that targets not only total Leptospira but also discriminates pathogenic from non-pathogenic Leptospira while also addressing PCR inhibitors, a frequently encountered problem when studying environmental water. In a second step, the killing efficiency of Leptospira to different treatments was tested and PMAqPCR compared to culture-based enumeration. This provided information about the effects of temperature, as well as ultraviolet and chlorine disinfection, that are both related to water treatment processes, in particular for the production of drinking water, on the persistence of both saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira. Finally, PMAqPCR was used for the detection of Leptospira in freshwater samples for a proof-of-concept. In conclusion, our method could be used for routine freshwater monitoring and allows better evaluation of the presence of Leptospira, allowing evaluation of the bacterial dynamics in a designated area or assessment of the efficacy of water disinfection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Richard
- Eau de Paris, DRDQE, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des Spirochètes, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des Spirochètes, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des Spirochètes, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (MP); (LM)
| | - Laurent Moulin
- Eau de Paris, DRDQE, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail: (MP); (LM)
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21
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Long S, Tong H, Zhang X, Jia S, Chen M, Liu C. Heavy Metal Tolerance Genes Associated With Contaminated Sediments From an E-Waste Recycling River in Southern China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:665090. [PMID: 34054770 PMCID: PMC8155521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.665090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution that results from electronic waste (e-waste) recycling activities has severe ecological environmental toxicity impacts on recycling areas. The distribution of heavy metals and the impact on the bacteria in these areas have received much attention. However, the diversity and composition of the microbial communities and the characteristics of heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in the river sediments after long-term e-waste contamination still remain unclear. In this study, eight river sediment samples along a river in a recycling area were studied for the heavy metal concentration and the microbial community composition. The microbial community consisted of 13 phyla including Firmicutes (ranging from 10.45 to 36.63%), Proteobacteria (11.76 to 32.59%), Actinobacteria (14.81 to 27.45%), and unclassified bacteria. The abundance of Firmicutes increased along with the level of contaminants, while Actinobacteria decreased. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the concentration of mercury was significantly correlated with the microbial community and species distribution, which agreed with an analysis of the potential ecological risk index. Moreover, manually curated HMRGs were established, and the HMRG analysis results according to Illumina high-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance of HMRGs was positively related to the level of contamination, demonstrating a variety of resistance mechanisms to adapt, accommodate, and live under heavy metal-contaminated conditions. These findings increase the understanding of the changes in microbial communities in e-waste recycling areas and extend our knowledge of the HMRGs involved in the recovery of the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tong
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manjia Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.,National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Garner E, Davis BC, Milligan E, Blair MF, Keenum I, Maile-Moskowitz A, Pan J, Gnegy M, Liguori K, Gupta S, Prussin AJ, Marr LC, Heath LS, Vikesland PJ, Zhang L, Pruden A. Next generation sequencing approaches to evaluate water and wastewater quality. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 194:116907. [PMID: 33610927 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of next generation sequencing (NGS) is revolutionizing the potential to address complex microbiological challenges in the water industry. NGS technologies can provide holistic insight into microbial communities and their functional capacities in water and wastewater systems, thus eliminating the need to develop a new assay for each target organism or gene. However, several barriers have hampered wide-scale adoption of NGS by the water industry, including cost, need for specialized expertise and equipment, challenges with data analysis and interpretation, lack of standardized methods, and the rapid pace of development of new technologies. In this critical review, we provide an overview of the current state of the science of NGS technologies as they apply to water, wastewater, and recycled water. In addition, a systematic literature review was conducted in which we identified over 600 peer-reviewed journal articles on this topic and summarized their contributions to six key areas relevant to the water and wastewater fields: taxonomic classification and pathogen detection, functional and catabolic gene characterization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling, bacterial toxicity characterization, Cyanobacteria and harmful algal bloom identification, and virus characterization. For each application, we have presented key trends, noteworthy advancements, and proposed future directions. Finally, key needs to advance NGS technologies for broader application in water and wastewater fields are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Garner
- Wadsworth Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, 1306 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Benjamin C Davis
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Erin Milligan
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Matthew Forrest Blair
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Ishi Keenum
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Ayella Maile-Moskowitz
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Jin Pan
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Mariah Gnegy
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Krista Liguori
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Suraj Gupta
- The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Aaron J Prussin
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Lenwood S Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 225 Stranger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Peter J Vikesland
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, 225 Stranger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Amy Pruden
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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23
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da Cruz Nizer WS, Inkovskiy V, Overhage J. Surviving Reactive Chlorine Stress: Responses of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Hypochlorous Acid. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1220. [PMID: 32796669 PMCID: PMC7464077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and its active ingredient, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), are the most commonly used chlorine-based disinfectants. HOCl is a fast-acting and potent antimicrobial agent that interacts with several biomolecules, such as sulfur-containing amino acids, lipids, nucleic acids, and membrane components, causing severe cellular damage. It is also produced by the immune system as a first-line of defense against invading pathogens. In this review, we summarize the adaptive responses of Gram-negative bacteria to HOCl-induced stress and highlight the role of chaperone holdases (Hsp33, RidA, Cnox, and polyP) as an immediate response to HOCl stress. We also describe the three identified transcriptional regulators (HypT, RclR, and NemR) that specifically respond to HOCl. Besides the activation of chaperones and transcriptional regulators, the formation of biofilms has been described as an important adaptive response to several stressors, including HOCl. Although the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in HOCl biofilm stimulation is limited, studies have shown that HOCl induces the formation of biofilms by causing conformational changes in membrane properties, overproducing the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, and increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic-di-GMP. In addition, acquisition and expression of antibiotic resistance genes, secretion of virulence factors and induction of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has also been described as an adaptive response to HOCl. In general, the knowledge of how bacteria respond to HOCl stress has increased over time; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this stress response is still in its infancy. A better understanding of these mechanisms could help understand host-pathogen interactions and target specific genes and molecules to control bacterial spread and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (W.S.d.C.N.); (V.I.)
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The zoonotic pathogen Leptospira interrogans mitigates environmental stress through cyclic-di-GMP-controlled biofilm production. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:24. [PMID: 32532998 PMCID: PMC7293261 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic bacterium Leptospira interrogans is the aetiological agent of leptospirosis, a re-emerging infectious disease that is a growing public health concern. Most human cases of leptospirosis result from environmental infection. Biofilm formation and its contribution to the persistence of virulent leptospires in the environment or in the host have scarcely been addressed. Here, we examined spatial and time-domain changes in biofilm production by L. interrogans. Our observations showed that biofilm formation in L. interrogans is a highly dynamic process and leads to a polarized architecture. We notably found that the biofilm matrix is composed of extracellular DNA, which enhances the biofilm's cohesiveness. By studying L. interrogans mutants with defective diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase genes, we show that biofilm production is regulated by intracellular levels of bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and underpins the bacterium's ability to withstand a wide variety of simulated environmental stresses. Our present results show how the c-di-GMP pathway regulates biofilm formation by L. interrogans, provide insights into the environmental persistence of L. interrogans and, more generally, highlight leptospirosis as an environment-borne threat to human health.
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25
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Chen PF, Zhang RJ, Huang SB, Shao JH, Cui B, Du ZL, Xue L, Zhou N, Hou B, Lin C. UV dose effects on the revival characteristics of microorganisms in darkness after UV disinfection: Evidence from a pilot study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136582. [PMID: 31954256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection during water supply treatment aims to reduce the number of bacteria. Although UV disinfection is effective at inactivating most microorganisms, some microbe species may be entirely impervious. A pilot study was conducted to compare the quantity and community component of bacteria in surface water collected from filtration effluent before UV disinfection with different doses of UV, and those 1 and 2 days afterwards, in darkness. The aim was to elucidate the relationship between the UV dose and the total revived microorganisms in darkness after UV disinfection. In the filtration effluent samples, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria were the predominant classes. After storage in the dark at a constant temperature of 19 °C, the UV-disinfected samples showed a considerable increase in Bacilli, while Gammaproteobacteria remained the predominant population. Genera such as Exiguobacterium, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas presented a selective advantage in terms of revival in darkness after UV disinfection, irrespective of the UV dose and storage time. The lowest rate of microbial revival (5% day-1) was noted at a UV dose of 266.10 mJ m-2 (with an average UV illumination time of 124.4 s and an average intensity of 86.61 W m-2). Our results suggest that higher UV intensity and lower illumination time are key factors in minimizing the revival of microorganisms in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rui-Jian Zhang
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Shao-Bin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Shao
- School of Automation & Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Zhi-Li Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Bin Hou
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Chong Lin
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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26
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Analysis of microbial contamination of household water purifiers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4533-4545. [PMID: 32193577 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Household water purifiers are increasingly used to treat drinking water at the household level, but their influence on the microbiological safety of drinking water has rarely been assessed. In this study, representative purifiers, based on different filtering processes, were analyzed for their impact on effluent water quality. The results showed that purifiers reduced chemical qualities such as turbidity and free chlorine. However, a high level of bacteria (102-106 CFU/g) was detected at each stage of filtration using a traditional culture-dependent method, whereas quantitative PCR with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment showed 106-108 copies/L of total viable bacteria in effluent water, indicating elevated microbial contaminants after purifiers. In addition, high-throughput sequencing revealed a diverse microbial community in effluents and membranes. Proteobacteria (22.06-97.42%) was the dominant phylum found in all samples, except for purifier B, in which Melainabacteria was most abundant (65.79%). For waterborne pathogens, Escherichia coli (100-106 copies/g) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100-105 copies/g) were frequently detected by qPCR. Sequencing also demonstrated the presence of E. coli (0-6.26%), Mycobacterium mucogenicum (0.01-3.46%), and P. aeruginosa (0-0.16%) in purifiers. These finding suggest that water from commonly used household purifiers still impose microbial risks to human health.
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27
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Bierque E, Thibeaux R, Girault D, Soupé-Gilbert ME, Goarant C. A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227055. [PMID: 31986154 PMCID: PMC6984726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira, is a zoonosis of global distribution. This infectious disease is mainly transmitted by indirect exposure to urine of asymptomatic animals via the environment. As human cases generally occur after heavy rain, an emerging hypothesis suggests that rainfall re-suspend leptospires together with soil particles. Bacteria are then carried to surface water, where humans get exposed. It is currently assumed that pathogenic leptospires can survive in the environment but do not multiply. However, little is known on their capacity to survive in a soil and freshwater environment. Methods We conducted a systematic review on Leptospira and leptospirosis in the environment in order to collect current knowledge on the lifestyle of Leptospira in soil and water. In total, 86 scientific articles retrieved from online databases or institutional libraries were included in this study. Principals findings/significance This work identified evidence of survival of Leptospira in the environment but major gaps remain about the survival of virulent species associated with human and animal diseases. Studies providing quantitative data on Leptospira in soil and water are a very recent trend, but must be interpreted with caution because of the uncertainty in the species identification. Several studies mentioned the presence of Leptospira in soils more frequently than in waters, supporting the hypothesis of the soil habitat and dispersion of Leptospira with re-suspended soil particles during heavy rain. In a near future, the growing use of high throughput sequencing will offer new opportunities to improve our understanding of the habitat of Leptospira in the environment. This better insight into the risk of leptospirosis will allow implementing efficient control measures and prevention for the human and animal populations exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bierque
- Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Roman Thibeaux
- Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Dominique Girault
- Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Marie-Estelle Soupé-Gilbert
- Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Cyrille Goarant
- Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
- * E-mail:
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Ferro P, Vaz-Moreira I, Manaia CM. Betaproteobacteria are predominant in drinking water: are there reasons for concern? Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:649-667. [PMID: 31686572 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1680602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Betaproteobacteria include some of the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterial genera that can be found in drinking water, including mineral water. The combination of physiology and ecology traits place some Betaproteobacteria in the list of potential, yet sometimes neglected, opportunistic pathogens that can be transmitted by water or aqueous solutions. Indeed, some drinking water Betaproteobacteria with intrinsic and sometimes acquired antibiotic resistance, harbouring virulence factors and often found in biofilm structures, can persist after water disinfection and reach the consumer. This literature review summarises and discusses the current knowledge about the occurrence and implications of Betaproteobacteria in drinking water. Although the sparse knowledge on the ecology and physiology of Betaproteobacteria thriving in tap or bottled natural mineral/spring drinking water (DW) is an evidence of this review, it is demonstrated that DW holds a high diversity of Betaproteobacteria, whose presence may not be innocuous. Frequently belonging to genera also found in humans, DW Betaproteobacteria are ubiquitous in different habitats, have the potential to resist antibiotics either due to intrinsic or acquired mechanisms, and hold different virulence factors. The combination of these factors places DW Betaproteobacteria in the list of candidates of emerging opportunistic pathogens. Improved bacterial identification of clinical isolates associated with opportunistic infections and additional genomic and physiological studies may contribute to elucidate the potential impact of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pompeyo Ferro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivone Vaz-Moreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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Actinobacterial community in Shuanghe Cave using culture-dependent and -independent approaches. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:153. [PMID: 31576426 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Karst caves, considering to be the "arks" of biodiversity, often contain high levels of endemism. In the present study, the actinobacterial community in Shuanghe Cave, the longest cave in Asia, was analyzed for the first-time using culture-dependent and -independent (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) approaches. The amplicon sequencing analysis revealed a broad taxonomic diversity in Shuanghe Cave, including 19 phyla (predominantly Actinobacteria) and 264 different genera. While the culture-dependent method got the unrepresentative but supplemental result, a total of 239 actinomycetes were isolated and were identified to seven genera based on culture features and 16S rRNA tests. Among the three habitats (soil, rock soil, and bat guano), the dominant phyla did not differ significantly, while the dominant genus community varied among different habitats, and the richness in soil and rock soil samples was higher than that in bat guano. Furthermore, 16 isolate strains showed antimicrobial activity, especially, the strain S142 (Streptomyces badius) and S761 (Actinoplanes friuliensis) exhibited the most promising activity against various pathogens. Overall, this work showed the abundant bacterial diversity and the antimicrobial potential of the isolates from the Shuanghe Cave.
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31
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Wang Y, Li L, Xiong R, Guo X, Liu J. Effects of aeration on microbes and intestinal bacteria in bioaerosols from the BRT of an indoor wastewater treatment facility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1453-1461. [PMID: 30340290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The generation and emission of airborne bacteria from a biochemical reaction tank (BRT) for wastewater treatment was investigated by altering the aeration rate. The levels of bioaerosols increased from 715 ± 69 to 1597 ± 135 CFU/m3 (total airborne bacteria) and from 78 ± 6 to 359 ± 18 CFU/m3 (intestinal bacteria) as the aeration rate increased from 0.3 to 1.2 m3/h. Most airborne bacteria were attached to particles smaller than 4.7 μm at an aeration rate of 0.3 m3/h. They were found attached to larger particles (>4.7 μm) when the aeration rate increased to 1.2 m3/h. A similar phenomenon was observed for intestinal bacteria. The high-throughput sequencing technique was used to assay the microbial populations of the bioaerosols. Both microbial counts and diversity increased as the aeration rate increased. Brevundimonas (63.82%), Chryseobacterium (16.54%), and Micrococcaceae (12.37%) were the dominant intestinal bacteria at an aeration rate of 0.3 m3/h. Pseudochrobactrum (33.10%), Citrobacter (21.28%), and Yersinia (18.21%) were the dominant intestinal bacteria at an aeration rate of 1.2 m3/h. The level, particle size distribution, population structure, and diversity of the bioaerosols were all affected by aeration rate. The source tracker results indicated that water and the surrounding air were the two main bioaerosol sources. The contribution of water is greater at larger levels of aeration. Inhalation was the main pathway of microbial aerosol intake for people in the surrounding area. The exposure hazard quotients for adult males were generally higher than those for adult females. Necessary measures should be taken to ensure worker safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Ren Xiong
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuesong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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Wan D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Jin J, Xiao S. Sulfur disproportionation tendencies in a sulfur packed bed reactor for perchlorate bio-autotrophic reduction at different temperatures and spatial distribution of microbial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:40-49. [PMID: 30312915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the sulfur (S) disproportionation tendencies in a sulfur packed bed reactor for perchlorate bio-autotrophic reduction at different temperatures. The reactor was operated with over 99% efficiency for 21.00 ± 1.40 mg L-1 perchlorate removal when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranged from 12.00 h to 0.75 h at 27 ± 2 °C. When HRT was controlled at 1.00 h, the perchlorate removal efficiency was only 8 ± 1% as the temperature dropped to 6 ± 1 °C. The half-order model fit both perchlorate removal and S disproportionation reaction well. Compared with S disproportionation, the decrease of temperature had a greater influence on perchlorate reduction. As the temperature dropped from 27 ± 2 °C to 6 ± 1 °C, the 1/2K1/2v,R for perchlorate reduction decreased from 7.37 mg1/2 L-1/2 h-1 to 0.19 mg1/2 L-1/2 h-1. Meanwhile, the 1/2K1/2v,S for S disproportionation decreased from 3.04 mg1/2 L-1/2 h-1 to 1.96 mg1/2 L-1/2 h-1. The reaction activation energy of perchlorate reduction and S disproportionation was 120.28 kJ mol-1 and 13.44 kJ mol-1, respectively. The S disproportionation reaction proceeded remarkably at the beginning of the reduction, a longer HRT and higher temperature promoted S disproportionation, resulting in excessive sulfate generation and alkalinity consumption. Besides, the spatial distribution of the microbial communities and the dominant bacteria function under different HRTs was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Wan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongde Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yiyi Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jingnan Jin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Shuhu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Zhang S, Courtois S, Gitungo S, Raczko RF, Dyksen JE, Li M, Axe L. Microbial community analysis in biologically active filters exhibiting efficient removal of emerging contaminants and impact of operational conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1455-1464. [PMID: 30021312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In biologically active filters (BAFs), microorganisms acclimated on the media surface are the key players responsible for removing organic water contaminants. In this study, next generation sequencing by Illumina MiSeq was used to characterize the microbial community structures in the influent, effluent, and media of a set of bench-scale BAFs that have been demonstrated with high removal efficiency (>75%) of 16 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which include a variety of pharmaceuticals (e.g., sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen), X-ray contrast agent (i.e., iopromide), and pesticides (e.g., atrazine) that are prevalently found in municipal waste streams. Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were the most abundant phyla in filter media, while the influent and effluent samples were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chlamydiae. Factorial and principal component analysis revealed microbial structures in the media were significantly affected by the operation conditions, including media type (GAC versus dual media anthracite sand), EBCT (10 versus 18 min), and pre-ozonation. Detrended correspondence analysis demonstrated media materials predominantly governed the structures of the acclimated biofilm in BAFs as they provide direct attachment surface. This is in line with the higher microbial activity and better treatment performance exhibited by GAC BAFs compared to the dual media BAFs, corroborating the importance of filter media selection to promote the acclimation of active and robust biofilm for efficient CEC removal. Principal component analysis revealed the significant influence from ozonation, which does not only break down CECs, but also stimulates microbes that grow on the ozonation products. Partial canonical correlation analysis further proved the shaping of biofilm communities on the BAF media is more associated with media type and ozonation compared to EBCT. Putative CEC degraders are predicted based on their dominance in the media and degradation capabilities reported in previous literature. This is the first study to examine the relationship between the microbial community structure and the BAF operating parameters, which are both aligned with the treatment performance exhibited by the BAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Sophie Courtois
- Suez, Centre International de Recherche sur l'Eau et l'Environnement, Le Pecq 78230, France
| | - Stephen Gitungo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | | | - John E Dyksen
- Suez North America, Paramus, NJ 07652, United States
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
| | - Lisa Axe
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
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Saleem F, Mustafa A, Kori JA, Hussain MS, Kamran Azim M. Metagenomic Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Drinking Water Supply System of a Mega City. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:899-910. [PMID: 29691611 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplying safe water to consumers is vital for protection of public health. With population of > 15 million, Karachi is the main economical hub of Pakistan. Lake Keenjhar serves as the main source of fresh water while Hub dam is the secondary water reservoir for Karachi. In this study, bacterial community of the drinking water supply system (DWSS) of Karachi was studied from source to tap using metagenomics approach. For this purpose, we collected 41 water samples from different areas of the city (n = 38) and water reservoirs (n = 3). 16S rDNA metagenomic sequencing of water samples revealed that 88% sequences were associated with Proteobacteria (52%), Planctomycetes (15%), Becteroidetes (12%), and Verrucomicrobia (6%). On the class level, α-proteobacteria (6-56%) were found to be the most abundant followed by β- (8-41%) and γ-proteobacteria (6-52%). On the genus level, substantial diversity was observed among the samples. Bacterial communities in water from Hub dam was found to be distantly related while among the residential towns, Lyari was highly distant from the others. Twenty-four bacterial genera were found to be exclusively present in residential area samples in comparison to the source waters which is suggestive of their resistance against treatment procedures and/or contamination. Metagenomic analysis revealed abundance of Pseudomonas, Legionella, Neisseria, Acinetobacter, Bosea, and Microcystis genera in residential areas water samples. The present metagenomic analysis of DWSS of Karachi has allowed the evaluation of bacterial communities in source water and the water being supplied to the city. Moreover, measurement of heavy metals in water samples from Karachi revealed arsenic concentration according to WHO standards which is in contrast of recent study which reported extensive arsenic contamination in aquifers in the Indus valley plain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first metagenomic study of DWSS of Karachi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Saleem
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atif Mustafa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, N.E.D. University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ahmed Kori
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad Hussain
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Kamran Azim
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Biosciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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35
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Brandt J, Albertsen M. Investigation of Detection Limits and the Influence of DNA Extraction and Primer Choice on the Observed Microbial Communities in Drinking Water Samples Using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2140. [PMID: 30245681 PMCID: PMC6137089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing has been widely adopted for analyzing the microbial communities in drinking water (DW). However, no comprehensive attempts have been made to illuminate the inherent method biases specifically relating to DW communities. In this study, we investigated the impact of DNA extraction and primer choice on the observed microbial community, and furthermore estimated the detection limit of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in these experimental settings. Of the two DNA extraction kits investigated, the PowerWater DNA Isolation Kit resulted in higher yield, better reproducibility and more OTUs identified compared to the FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil, which is also commonly used within DW microbiome research. The use of three separate primer-sets targeting the V1-3, V3-4, and V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed large differences in OTU abundances, with some of the primers unable to detect entire phyla. Estimations of the detection limit were based on bacteria-free water samples (1 L) spiked with Escherichia coli cells in different concentrations [101–106 cells/ml]. E.coli could be detected in all samples, however, samples with ∼101 cells/ml had several contaminating OTUs constituting approximately 8% of the read abundances. Based on our findings, we recommend using the PowerWater DNA Isolation Kit for DNA extraction in combination with PCR amplification of the V3-4 or V4 region for DW samples if a broad overview of the microbial community is to be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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36
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Yoo K, Yoo H, Lee JM, Shukla SK, Park J. Classification and Regression Tree Approach for Prediction of Potential Hazards of Urban Airborne Bacteria during Asian Dust Events. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11823. [PMID: 30087362 PMCID: PMC6081373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in monitoring and modeling Asian dust (AD) events, real-time public hazard prediction based on biological evidence during AD events remains a challenge. Herein, both a classification and regression tree (CART) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were applied to assess the applicability of prediction for potential urban airborne bacterial hazards during AD events using metagenomic analysis and real-time qPCR. In the present work, Bacillus cereus was screened as a potential pathogenic candidate and positively correlated with PM10 concentration (p < 0.05). Additionally, detection of the bceT gene with qPCR, which codes for an enterotoxin in B. cereus, was significantly increased during AD events (p < 0.05). The CART approach more successfully predicted potential airborne bacterial hazards with a relatively high coefficient of determination (R2) and small bias, with the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) compared to the MLR approach. Regression tree analyses from the CART model showed that the PM10 concentration, from 78.4 µg/m3 to 92.2 µg/m3, is an important atmospheric parameter that significantly affects the potential airborne bacterial hazard during AD events. The results show that the CART approach may be useful to effectively derive a predictive understanding of potential airborne bacterial hazards during AD events and thus has a possible for improving decision-making tools for environmental policies associated with air pollution and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunje Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hyunji Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sudheer Kumar Shukla
- Department of Built and Natural Environment, Caledonian College of Engineering, Seeb, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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37
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Li W, Zhang J, Wang F, Qian L, Zhou Y, Qi W, Chen J. Effect of disinfectant residual on the interaction between bacterial growth and assimilable organic carbon in a drinking water distribution system. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:586-597. [PMID: 29597176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Public health is threatened by deteriorated water quality due to bacterial regrowth and uncontrolled growth-related problems in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). To investigate the scope of this problem, a two-year field study was conducted in south China. The amount of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), total cell concentrations (TCC), and intact cell concentrations (ICC) of water samples were determined by flow cytometry. The results indicated that ICC was significantly correlated to AOC concentration when the chlorine concentration was less than 0.15 mg/L, and ICC was lower at chlorine concentrations greater than 0.15 mg/L, suggesting that free chlorine level had effect on AOC and ICC. To further analyze the effect of disinfectant on AOC and bacterial growth, we designed an orthogonal experiment with different dosages of two commonly used disinfectants, chlorine and chloramine. The results demonstrated that high concentrations of free chlorine (>0.15 mg/L) and chloramine (>0.4 mg/L) were associated with relatively low proportions of intact cells and cultivable bacteria. Compared with chlorine, chloramine tended to cause lower AOC level and intact cells, likely because the chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were more easily absorbed by bacteria than the chloraminated DBPs. Based on the statistical analysis of 240 water samples, ICC was limited when AOC concentration was less than 135 μg/L, while temperature and the number of small-size particles showed positive effects on ICC (P<0.05). We conclude that the use of chloramine and controlling particle numbers should be suitable strategies to limit bacterial regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lin Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wanqi Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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38
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Borthong J, Omori R, Sugimoto C, Suthienkul O, Nakao R, Ito K. Comparison of Database Search Methods for the Detection of Legionella pneumophila in Water Samples Using Metagenomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1272. [PMID: 29971047 PMCID: PMC6018159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic analysis has become a powerful tool to analyze bacterial communities in environmental samples. However, the detection of a specific bacterial species using metagenomic analysis remains difficult due to false positive detections of sequences shared between different bacterial species. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic analyses were conducted on samples collected along a stream and ponds in the campus of Hokkaido University. We compared different database search methods for bacterial detection by focusing on Legionella pneumophila. In this study, we used L. pneumophila-specific nested PCR as a gold standard to evaluate the results of the metagenomic analysis. Comparison with the results from L. pneumophila-specific nested PCR indicated that a blastn search of shotgun reads against the NCBI-NT database led to false positive results and had problems with specificity. We also found that a blastn search of shotgun reads against a database of the catalase-peroxidase (katB) gene detected L. pneumophila with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve among the tested search methods; indicating that a blastn search against the katB gene database had better diagnostic ability than searches against other databases. Our results suggest that sequence searches targeting long genes specifically associated with the bacterial species of interest is a prerequisite to detecting the bacterial species in environmental samples using metagenomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jednipit Borthong
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Institute for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Institute for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Wang Y, Li L, Han Y, Liu J, Yang K. Intestinal bacteria in bioaerosols and factors affecting their survival in two oxidation ditch process municipal wastewater treatment plants located in different regions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:162-170. [PMID: 29471278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Samples from two oxidation ditch process municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) (HJK and GXQ) in two regions of China were analysed for bacteria, particles, total organic carbon, and water-soluble ions in bioaerosols. Diversity and potential pathogen populations were evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Bioaerosol sources, factors affecting intestinal bacterial survival, and the relationship between bioaerosols and water were analysed by Source tracker and partial least squares-discriminant, principal component, and canonical correspondence analyses. Culturable bacteria concentrations were 110-846 and 27-579 CFU/m3 at HJK and GXQ, respectively. Intestinal bacteria constituted 6-33% of bacteria. Biochemical reaction tank, sludge dewatering house (SDH), and fine screen samples showed the greatest contribution to bioaerosol contamination. Enterobacter aerogenes was the main intestinal bacteria (> 99.5%) in HJK and detected at each sampling site. Enterobacter aerogenes (98.67% in SDH), Aeromonas sp. (76.3% in biochemical reaction tank), and Acinetobacter baumannii (99.89% in fine screens) were the main intestinal bacteria in GXQ. Total suspended particulate masses in SDH were 229.46 and 141.6 μg/m3 in HJK and GXQ, respectively. Percentages of insoluble compounds in total suspended particulates decreased as height increased. The main soluble ions in bioaerosols were Ca2+, Na+, Cl-, and SO42-, which ranged from 3.8 to 27.55 μg/m3 in the MWTPs. Water was a main source of intestinal bacteria in bioaerosols from the MWTPs. Bioaerosols in HJK but not in GXQ were closely related. Relative humidity and some ions positively influenced intestinal bacteria in bioaerosols, while wind speed and solar illumination had a negative influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Kaixiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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40
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Free-living bacteria and potential bacterial pathogens in sewage treatment plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2455-2464. [PMID: 29396586 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively understand the profile of free-living bacteria and potential bacterial pathogens in sewage treatment plants (STPs), this study applied high-throughput sequencing-based metagenomics approaches to investigate the effects of activated sludge (AS) treatment process and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection on the community of bacterial pathogens in two full-scale STPs. A total of 23 bacterial genera were identified as free-living bacteria, and 243 species/OTU97% were identified as potential bacterial pathogens, 6 of which were confidently detected in the STPs (with the total abundances ranging from 0.02 to 14.19%). Both diversity and relative abundance of the detected bacterial pathogens decreased obviously after AS treatment process (p < 0.05), and increased slightly after sedimentation (p < 0.05). UV disinfection shows no obvious effects on the total relative abundance of the free-living pathogenic bacteria in sewage. Although large amounts of the particle-bound pathogens were eliminated through the sewage treatment process, the STPs could not effectively remove the free-living bacterial pathogens, and some pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) present in the effluent had higher relative abundance after UV disinfection. Overall, the results extend our knowledge regarding the community of potential pathogens (especially free-living pathogens) in STPs.
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41
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Zhang Y, Kitajima M, Whittle AJ, Liu WT. Benefits of Genomic Insights and CRISPR-Cas Signatures to Monitor Potential Pathogens across Drinking Water Production and Distribution Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2036. [PMID: 29097994 PMCID: PMC5654357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) is a major health concern, and our current understanding is mostly related to pathogenic species such as Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium avium but not to bacterial species closely related to them. In this study, genomic-based approaches were used to characterize pathogen-related species in relation to their abundance, diversity, potential pathogenicity, genetic exchange, and distribution across an urban drinking water system. Nine draft genomes recovered from 10 metagenomes were identified as Legionella (4 draft genomes), Mycobacterium (3 draft genomes), Parachlamydia (1 draft genome), and Leptospira (1 draft genome). The pathogenicity potential of these genomes was examined by the presence/absence of virulence machinery, including genes belonging to Type III, IV, and VII secretion systems and their effectors. Several virulence factors known to pathogenic species were detected with these retrieved draft genomes except the Leptospira-related genome. Identical clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) genetic signatures were observed in two draft genomes recovered at different stages of the studied system, suggesting that the spacers in CRISPR-Cas could potentially be used as a biomarker in the monitoring of Legionella related strains at an evolutionary scale of several years across different drinking water production and distribution systems. Overall, metagenomics approach was an effective and complementary tool of culturing techniques to gain insights into the pathogenic characteristics and the CRISPR-Cas signatures of pathogen-related species in DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew J Whittle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Vaz-Moreira I, Nunes OC, Manaia CM. Ubiquitous and persistent Proteobacteria and other Gram-negative bacteria in drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1141-1149. [PMID: 28238372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water comprises a complex microbiota, in part shaped by the disinfection and distribution systems. Gram-negative bacteria, mainly members of the phylum Proteobacteria, represent the most frequent bacteria in drinking water, and their ubiquity and physiological versatility raises questions about possible implications in human health. The first step to address this concern is the identification and characterization of such bacteria that is the first objective of this study, aiming at identifying ubiquitous or persistent Gram-negative bacteria, Proteobacteria or members of other phyla, isolated from tap water or from its source. >1000 bacterial isolates were characterized and identified, and a selected group (n=68) was further analyzed for the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to antibiotics (amoxicillin and gentamicin) and metals (copper and arsenite). Total DNA extracts of tap water were examined for the presence of putatively acquired antibiotic resistance or related genes (intI1, blaTEM, qnrS and sul1). The ubiquitous tap water genera comprised Proteobacteria of the class Alpha- (Blastomonas, Brevundimonas, Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, Sphingomonas), Beta- (Acidovorax, Ralstonia) and Gamma- (Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas). Persistent species were members of genera such as Aeromonas, Enterobacter or Dechloromonas. Ralstonia spp. showed the highest MIC values to gentamicin and Acinetobacter spp. to arsenite. The genes intI1, blaTEM or sul1 were detected, at densities lower than 2.3×105copies/L, 2.4×104copies/L and 4.6×102copies/L, respectively, in most tap water samples. The presence of some bacterial groups, in particular of Beta- or Gammaproteobacteria (e.g. Ralstonia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas) in drinking water may deserve attention given their potential as reservoirs or carriers of resistance or as opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Vaz-Moreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE, Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
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Feng LJ, Jia R, Sun JY, Wang J, Lv ZH, Mu J, Yang GF. Response of performance and bacterial community to oligotrophic stress in biofilm systems for raw water pretreatment. Biodegradation 2017; 28:231-244. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-017-9792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Waseem H, Williams MR, Stedtfeld T, Chai B, Stedtfeld RD, Cole JR, Tiedje JM, Hashsham SA. Virulence factor activity relationships (VFARs): a bioinformatics perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:247-260. [PMID: 28261716 PMCID: PMC5897045 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00689b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Virulence factor activity relationships (VFARs) - a concept loosely based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for chemicals was proposed as a predictive tool for ranking risks due to microorganisms relevant to water safety. A rapid increase in sequencing capabilities and bioinformatics tools has significantly increased the potential for VFAR-based analyses. This review summarizes more than 20 bioinformatics databases and tools, developed over the last decade, along with their virulence and antimicrobial resistance prediction capabilities. With the number of bacterial whole genome sequences exceeding 241 000 and metagenomic analysis projects exceeding 13 000 and the ability to add additional genome sequences for few hundred dollars, it is evident that further development of VFARs is not limited by the availability of information at least at the genomic level. However, additional information related to co-occurrence, treatment response, modulation of virulence due to environmental and other factors, and economic impact must be gathered and incorporated in a manner that also addresses the associated uncertainties. Of the bioinformatics tools, a majority are either designed exclusively for virulence/resistance determination or equipped with a dedicated module. The remaining have the potential to be employed for evaluating virulence. This review focusing broadly on omics technologies and tools supports the notion that these tools are now sufficiently developed to allow the application of VFAR approaches combined with additional engineering and economic analyses to rank and prioritize organisms important to a given niche. Knowledge gaps do exist but can be filled with focused experimental and theoretical analyses that were unimaginable a decade ago. Further developments should consider the integration of the measurement of activity, risk, and uncertainty to improve the current capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Waseem
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Maggie R Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Tiffany Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Benli Chai
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert D Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - James R Cole
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA and Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Syed A Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA and Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Analysis of bacterial, fungal and archaeal populations from a municipal wastewater treatment plant developing an innovative aerobic granular sludge process. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 33:14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tang J, Bu Y, Zhang XX, Huang K, He X, Ye L, Shan Z, Ren H. Metagenomic analysis of bacterial community composition and antibiotic resistance genes in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:260-9. [PMID: 27340885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pathogenic bacteria and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may pose big risks to the rivers that receive the effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we investigated the changes of bacterial community and ARGs along treatment processes of one WWTP, and examined the effects of the effluent discharge on the bacterial community and ARGs in the receiving river. Pyrosequencing was applied to reveal bacterial community composition including potential bacterial pathogen, and Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used for profiling ARGs. The results showed that the WWTP had good removal efficiency on potential pathogenic bacteria (especially Arcobacter butzleri) and ARGs. Moreover, the bacterial communities of downstream and upstream of the river showed no significant difference. However, the increase in the abundance of potential pathogens and ARGs at effluent outfall was observed, indicating that WWTP effluent might contribute to the dissemination of potential pathogenic bacteria and ARGs in the receiving river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kailong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhengjun Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhang J, Li WY, Wang F, Qian L, Xu C, Liu Y, Qi W. Exploring the biological stability situation of a full scale water distribution system in south China by three biological stability evaluation methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:43-52. [PMID: 27421100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial regrowth especially opportunistic pathogens regrowth and contamination in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) have become an emerging threat to public health in the whole world. To explore bacterial regrowth and biological stability, assimilable organic carbon (AOC), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) were evaluated in a full scale DWDS and bench tests in South China. A significant correlation between BRP and AOC in both water treatment processes (WTP) and DWDS was obtained. For BRP and BDOC, the correlation was more significant in WTP than in DWDS. Both AOC and BRP were significantly correlated with UV254, total organic carbon (TOC), and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) (p < 0.01), whereas BDOC was only significantly associated with UV254, temperature and chlorine residual (p < 0.01). Through a bench test, when chlorine was higher than 0.5 mg/L, the HPC level was low and AOC concentration almost unchanged. On contrary the HPC level increased quickly and declined slightly, with chlorine lower than 0.15 mg/L, which was in accordance with the large amount of biological stability data obtained from DWDS. Through another bench test, the HPC level was positively correlated to AOC concentration and when AOC was below 135 μg/L, the growth rate of HPC was low, which was verified by the analysis of biological stability data from DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wanqi Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Costa D, Mercier A, Gravouil K, Lesobre J, Verdon J, Imbert C. Occurrence and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in dental unit waterlines subjected to disinfectants. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw094. [PMID: 27630186 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical disinfectants are widely advocated to reduce the microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWL). However, until now their efficacy has been poorly examined after long-term application. In this study, through quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, both bacterial and fungal communities were profiled from 8- to 12-year-old DUWL treated with disinfectants commonly used by European dentists. Water was collected from the tap water supplying units to the output exposure point of the turbine handpiece following a stagnation period and dental care activity. Results showed that (i) the unit itself is the principal source of microbial contamination and (ii) water stagnation, DU maintenance practices and quality of water supplying DU appeared as parameters driving the water quality. Despite disinfecting treatment combined to flushing process, the microbial contamination remained relevant in the studied output water, in association with a high bacterial and fungal diversity. The occurrence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in these treated DUWL demonstrated a potential infectious risk for both patients and dental staff. A disinfectant shock before a prolonged stagnation period could limit the microbial proliferation inside DUWL. Necessity to proceed to regular water quality control of DUWL was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Costa
- Team Water Microbiology, Ecology and Biology of Interactions, CNRS, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France Bacteriology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital of Poitiers 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Anne Mercier
- Team Water Microbiology, Ecology and Biology of Interactions, CNRS, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France Cooperative Laboratory Thanaplast SP-EBI-Carbios Bioplastics, Ecology and Biology of interactions, CNRS UMR 7267, University of Poitiers 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Kevin Gravouil
- Cooperative Laboratory Thanaplast SP-EBI-Carbios Bioplastics, Ecology and Biology of interactions, CNRS UMR 7267, University of Poitiers 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Lesobre
- Microorganisms laboratory: Genome and environment, UMR CNRS 6023, University Blaise Pascal 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Julien Verdon
- Team Water Microbiology, Ecology and Biology of Interactions, CNRS, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Christine Imbert
- Team Water Microbiology, Ecology and Biology of Interactions, CNRS, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France University of Medicine Pharmacy of Poitiers 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
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Deshmukh RA, Joshi K, Bhand S, Roy U. Recent developments in detection and enumeration of waterborne bacteria: a retrospective minireview. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:901-922. [PMID: 27397728 PMCID: PMC5221461 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterborne diseases have emerged as global health problems and their rapid and sensitive detection in environmental water samples is of great importance. Bacterial identification and enumeration in water samples is significant as it helps to maintain safe drinking water for public consumption. Culture‐based methods are laborious, time‐consuming, and yield false‐positive results, whereas viable but nonculturable (VBNCs) microorganisms cannot be recovered. Hence, numerous methods have been developed for rapid detection and quantification of waterborne pathogenic bacteria in water. These rapid methods can be classified into nucleic acid‐based, immunology‐based, and biosensor‐based detection methods. This review summarizes the principle and current state of rapid methods for the monitoring and detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens. Rapid methods outlined are polymerase chain reaction (PCR), digital droplet PCR, real‐time PCR, multiplex PCR, DNA microarray, Next‐generation sequencing (pyrosequencing, Illumina technology and genomics), and fluorescence in situ hybridization that are categorized as nucleic acid‐based methods. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are classified into immunology‐based methods. Optical, electrochemical, and mass‐based biosensors are grouped into biosensor‐based methods. Overall, these methods are sensitive, specific, time‐effective, and important in prevention and diagnosis of waterborne bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan A Deshmukh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Kopal Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Sunil Bhand
- Biosensor Lab, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B Bypass, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
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Sun Y, Wang T, Peng X, Wang P, Lu Y. Bacterial community compositions in sediment polluted by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10556-10565. [PMID: 26780047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of bacterial community compositions and the change in perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) along a natural river distribution system were explored in the present study. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to explore bacterial community diversity and structure in sediment polluted by PFAAs from the Xiaoqing River, the area with concentrated fluorochemical facilities in China. The concentration of PFAAs was in the range of 8.44-465.60 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediment. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAA in all samples, which accounted for 94.2 % of total PFAAs. High-level PFOA could lead to an obvious increase in relative abundance of Proteobacteria, ε-Proteobacteria, Thiobacillus, and Sulfurimonas and the decrease in relative abundance of other bacteria. Redundancy analysis revealed that PFOA played an important role in the formation of bacterial community, and PFOA at higher concentration could reduce the diversity of bacterial community. When the concentration of PFOA was below 100 ng/g dw in sediment, no significant effect on microbial community structure was observed. Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas were positively correlated with the concentration of PFOA, suggesting that both genera were resistant to PFOA contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Xiawei Peng
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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