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Bicalho SF, Pegoraro RF, Almeida Neta MN, Barroso AMF, França LO, Santos LS, Silva RR, Rodrigues MN, Sampaio RA, Viana LB. Biochemical changes, metal content, and spectroscopic analysis in sewage sludge composted with lignocellulosic residue using FTIR-MIR and FTIR-NIR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35727-35743. [PMID: 38740679 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic residues, originating from sawdust, in composting sewage sludge for organic fertilizer production, is a practice of growing interest. However, few studies have explored the effect of the proportion of sawdust and sewage sludge raw materials on composting performance in the humification process. This study assessed the addition of sawdust in the sewage sludge composting process, regarding carbon content, presence of heavy metals, and humification of the organic compost. The experimental design employed was a randomized complete block design with five treatments featuring different proportions of organic residues to achieve C/N ratios between 30-1 (T1: 100% sewage sludge and 0% sawdust, T2: 86% sewage sludge and 14.0% sawdust, T3: 67% sewage sludge and 33% sawdust, T4: 55% sewage sludge and 45% sawdust, and T5: 46.5% sewage sludge and 53.5% sawdust) and five replications, totaling 25 experimental units. The addition of lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting increased the levels of TOC and the C/N ratio, reduced the levels of pH, P, N, Na, Ba, and Cr, and did not interfere with the levels of K, Ca, Mg, S, CEC, labile carbon, and metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb. The increase in the proportion of sawdust residue favored the degradation of aliphatic groups, increasing the presence of aromatic structures and reducing humification at the end of composting. The use of sawdust as a lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting is a viable and efficient alternative to produce high-quality organomineral fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodinei Facco Pegoraro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Nilfa Almeida Neta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil.
| | - Aline Martins Ferreira Barroso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Letícia Oliveira França
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, UESB. BR 415, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Neves Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barbosa Viana
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-090, Brazil
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Hussain A, Wu SC, Le TH, Huang WY, Lin C, Bui XT, Ngo HH. Enhanced biodegradation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A by food waste composting without bioaugmentation: Analysis of bacterial communities and their relative abundances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132345. [PMID: 37643575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Composting with food waste was assessed for its efficacy in decontaminating Bisphenol A (BPA). In a BPA-treated compost pile, the initial concentration of BPA 847 mg kg-1 fell to 6.3 mg kg-1 (99% reduction) over a 45-day composting period. The biodegradation rate was at its highest when bacterial activity peaked in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases. The average rate of total biodegradation was 18.68 mg kg-1 day-1. Standard methods were used to assess physicochemical parameters of the compost matrix and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify BPA intermediates. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect BPA degraders and the diverse bacterial communities involved in BPA decomposition. These communities were found consist of 12 phyla and 21 genera during the composting process and were most diversified during the maturation phase. Three dominant phyla, Firmicutes, Pseudomonadota, and Bacteroidetes, along with Lactobacillus, Proteus, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas were found to be the most responsible for BPA degradation. Different bacterial communities were found to be involved in the food waste compost biodegradation of BPA at different stages of the composting process. In conclusion, food waste composting can effectively remove BPA, resulting in a safe product. These findings might be used to expand bioremediation technologies to apply to a wide range of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Hussain
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811213 Taiwan
| | - Suei Chang Wu
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Hieu Le
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811213 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Maritime Science and Technology, College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
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Neves de Alencar L, Guedes Paiva FF, Okimoto FS, Bacarin GB, Dognani G, Salmazo LO, dos Santos RJ, Cabrera FC, Job AE. Natural rubber/wood composite foam: Thermal insulation and acoustic isolation materials for construction. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/02624893231151364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advances in the field of civil construction and the world population growth, the development of policies is necessary for the management and reuse of generated residue. Thus, the present work proposes the use of expanded natural rubber as a polymeric matrix incorporated with eucalyptus filler as a reinforcing filler for the production of composites. Thermal insulation capacity was determined by the transient plane source and acoustic method by impedance tube. NR/W40 foam showed enhanced the acoustic insulation capacity. The maximum absorption of NR/W40 was 0.83, at 3257 Hz, which is three times higher than natural rubber foam. Highly inhomogeneous cell structures were observed with large, interconnected pores, improving the acoustic performance. Sound absorption coefficient for natural rubber foam with 40% wood (0.83 ± 0.046) was similar to PU foam (0.97 ± 0.009) with 20 mm in thickness, a density of 47 kg/m3 and 98% open cell content it is a well-known acoustic absorbent in the building sector. The NR/W40 sample recorded the best acoustic performance among the NR foams analyzed in this work, maintaining good sound absorption above 1500 Hz, demonstrating a possibility of wood reuse as a filler in based-rubber foam for acustic insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Neves de Alencar
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCT-UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Sérgio Okimoto
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCT-UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Dognani
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCT-UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aldo Eloizo Job
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCT-UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Maturi KC, Haq I, Kalamdhad AS. Biodegradation of an intrusive weed Parthenium hysterophorus through in-vessel composting technique: toxicity assessment and spectroscopic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84600-84615. [PMID: 35788476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus is a toxic terrestrial weed with its erratic behavior brought on by the presence of toxic compounds. A numerous works have been conducted on the complete eradication of this weed, but due to the residuals exists in soil, the weed re-grows. Current study therefore aims at examining the transformation of this weed by an in-vessel composting approach (rotary drum composter) and the evaluation of toxicity characteristics using Vigna radiata and Allium cepa as bioindicators. The nutritional content such as total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium were increased by 38.8, 39.1, and 49.5%, respectively, and the reactor was effective in reducing the biochemical content such as lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose by 43.5, 50.7, and 57.3%, respectively, in the final compost. The thermophilic degradation phase in the reactor existed up to the 8th day of the composting process, which exhibits the highest degradation phase. Meanwhile, the degradation of phenolic, aliphatic, and lignocellulose was investigated and validated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Although P. hysterophorus exhibited phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic effects in plant models at the beginning of the composting process, the toxicity potential appeared to be reduced after 20 days of composting. Therefore, the study's findings proved that the in-vessel composting of P. hysterophorus can produce a nontoxic, nutrient-rich compost product that could be used as a soil conditioner in agricultural farmlands. The insights of the study are not limited to the nutritional, stability, and quality characteristics but also the toxicity characteristics during the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chaitanya Maturi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - Izharul Haq
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
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Sun J, Wang G, Liu H, Zhang Y, Sun H, Dai X. Influence of thermally activated peroxodisulfate pretreatment on gaseous emission, dissolved organic matter and maturity evolution during spiramycin fermentation residue composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127964. [PMID: 36113819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting combined with appropriate pretreatment is promising to achieve the utilization of antibiotics fermentation residues (AFRs). This research studied the effect of thermally activated peroxodisulfate (TAP) pretreatment on greenhouse gas (GHGs) emission, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and maturity evaluation during spiramycin fermentation residue (SFR) composting. Three treatments were conducted from co-composting of SFR and wheat straw, while 90% and 99.9% residual spirmycin removal pretreatment SFR by TAP were provided and compared with raw SFR. The cumulative CO2 and NH3 emissions increased by 17.2% and 30.8% after TAP pretreatment removed 99.9% residual spiramycin in SFR, while the cumulative CH4 and N2O emission decreased by 34.0% and 5.27%, respectively. The DOM, humic acid (HA)/fulvic acid (FA) and NH4+/NO3- analysis confirmed that the composting maturity was improved with the increasing of HA and NO3- content by TAP pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Micro- and Nanotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Lin Z, Yang C, Xia B, Qiu M, Peng H, Jiang X, Du H, Li Q, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Yu C. Succession of the microbial communities and metabolic functions in composting or deep burial processing of dead chickens. Br Poult Sci 2022; 64:185-194. [PMID: 36222110 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2130683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. This study examined the effects of composting and deep burial techniques on degradation efficiency of dead chickens. Different raw materials (crushed branches or rape straws) and disinfectants (quicklime or bleaching powder) were applied in composting and deep burial process, respectively. The whole process lasted for 90 d in both summer and winter.2. High throughput sequencing displayed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus were the most dominant bacterial phyla during the experiment. The relative abundance of Firmicutes dwindled gradually with prolonged composting duration, while Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermous increased gradually over time.3. The bacterial functions identified from the KEGG pathway showed that amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism were the major microbial metabolic pathways that determined final degradation efficiency. At the end of the trial, the decomposition status of chicken carcasses and faecal coliforms were measured.4. The results demonstrated that the optimum decomposition effect was obtained in composting compared with other treatment groups. Low ambient temperature reduced degradation efficiency, due to restricted microbial activity. In addition, faecal coliforms were not completely removed by the deep burial process of dead chickens in winter.5.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the feasibility of composting chicken carcasses instead of deep burial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Sichuan Daheng Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohan Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Peng
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huarui Du
- Sichuan Daheng Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Sichuan Daheng Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlin Yu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
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Shen Q, Tang J, Sun H, Yao X, Wu Y, Wang X, Ye S. Straw waste promotes microbial functional diversity and lignocellulose degradation during the aerobic process of pig manure in an ectopic fermentation system via metagenomic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155637. [PMID: 35513151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the physicochemical properties, lignocellulose degradation, microbial community composition, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in ectopic fermentation systems (EFS) of pig manure mixed with either conventional padding (C) or straw waste (A). The degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were found to be significantly higher in A (27.72%, 22.72%, and 18.80%, respectively) than in C (21.05%, 16.17%, and 11.69%, respectively) owing to the activities of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Metagenomics revealed that straw addition had a stronger effect on the bacterial community succession than fungi. The abundances of Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, and CAZymes were higher in A than in C, as well as the auxiliary activity enzymes, which are crucial for lignocellulose degradation. Redundancy analysis indicates a positive correlation between lignocellulose degradation and Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Actinobacteria contents. A structural equation model was applied to further verify that the increased microbial functional diversity was the primary driver of lignocellulosic degradation, which could be effectively regulated by the enhanced temperature with straw addition. Replacing traditional padding with straw can thus accelerate lignocellulosic degradation, promote microbial functional diversity, and improve the EFS efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiangwu Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yifei Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shihao Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Hashim S, Waqas M, Rudra RP, Akhtar Khan A, Mirani AA, Sultan T, Ehsan F, Abid M, Saifullah M. On-Farm Composting of Agricultural Waste Materials for Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:5831832. [PMID: 35979342 PMCID: PMC9377972 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5831832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country's population resides in rural areas and primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan's soils are poor in OM and have a low C : N ratio, and the overall fertility status is insufficient to support increased crop yields. Compost is an excellent alternative solution for improving soil OM content. However, this excellent alternative supply in Pakistan has yet to be used. Mass volumes of leaves, grass clippings, plant stalks, vines, weeds, twigs, and branches are burned daily. In this study, different compost piles (P1, P2, and P3) of compost were made using different agricultural and animal waste combinations to assess temperature, pH, and NPK. Results revealed that P3 demonstrated the most successful composting procedure. The temperature and pH levels throughout the composting process were determined in a specified range of 42-45oC and 6.1-8.3, respectively. Total nitrogen content ranged from 81.5 to 2175 ppm in farm compost. Total phosphorus concentrations range from 1.33 to 13.98 ppm, and potassium levels, on the other hand, range from 91.53 to 640 ppm in farm compost. The overall nitrogen concentration grew progressively between each pile at the end of a week. The varied concentrations revealed that adding various forms of agricultural waste would result in a variation in the quantity of NPK owing to microbial activity. On-farm composting has emerged as an effective technique for the sustainability of agricultural activities, capable of resolving crucial problems like crop residues and livestock waste disposal. Based on this study's results, the pile (P3) combination shows the best NPK value performance and is recommended for agricultural uses to overcome the OM deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfraz Hashim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | | | - Alamgir Akhtar Khan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali Mirani
- Director Agri. Mechanization, Agricultural Engineering Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Sultan
- Director Agri. Mechanization, Agricultural Engineering Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Ehsan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saifullah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
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Evaluation of Co-Composting as an Alternative for the Use of Agricultural Waste of Spring Onions, Chicken Manure and Bio-Waste Produced in Moorland Ecosystems. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an adequate method for treating and valorizing agricultural waste such as those from spring onion (SO) cultivation and chicken breeding (chicken manure–CM). However, the low content of Total Organic Carbon in the waste from SO and the high concentration of total nitrogen in CM are limitations for the composting process. This research studied the co-composting of SO and CM in a moorland ecosystem, together with locally available co-substrates such as biowaste (BW) and woodchips (WC), focusing on the effect of co-composting in process development and end-product quality. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out using three treatments in triplicated composting piles: (i) Treatment A: 43% CM + 41% BW + 16% WC; (ii) Treatment B: 52% CM + 32% SO + 16% WC, and (iii) Treatment C: 70% SO + 30% WC. Treatments A and B reached thermophilic temperatures after two days of the process start and remained at that level for 17 days. However, treatment B reached environmental temperature during curing in a shorter time (43 days) than treatment A (53 days). Treatment C did not achieve thermophilic temperatures. Tests carried out at the end of the process showed end-product stability and non-phytotoxic characteristics (germination indexes 80%). The fertility index of the products showed that treatments A and B presented values of 4.3 (over 5.0) while treatment C obtained a value of 2.5. From the perspective of agricultural use, products from the three treatments had limitations due to deficiencies in essential nutrients like phosphorus. Still, they had potential as a soil amendment for restoration processes. In summary, we have demonstrated that this waste, in combination with other organic materials, could be a good amendment for the composting process and the end product.
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Awasthi SK, Kumar M, Sarsaiya S, Ahluwalia V, Chen H, Kaur G, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A, Rathour R, Kumar S, Singh L, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ, Awasthi MK. Multi-criteria research lines on livestock manure biorefinery development towards a circular economy: From the perspective of a life cycle assessment and business models strategies. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2022; 341:130862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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11
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Zheng W, Ma Y, Wang X, Wang X, Li J, Tian Y, Zhang X. Producing high-quality cultivation substrates for cucumber production by in-situ composting of corn straw blocks amended with biochar and earthworm casts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:179-189. [PMID: 34973573 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In-situ composting is an efficient method for the dispose of crop residues. However, the high organic carbon content and low water-holding capacity of corn (Zea mays L.) straw can easily result in a slow composting process with high nutrient loss. In this study, compressed corn straw blocks was a control (S), straw mixed with earthworm casts (SE), straw mixed with biochar (SB), straw mixed with earthworm casts and biochar (SEB) were treatments to determine their effects on in-situ composting performance. In general, compared with S, the thermophilic period was extended by 14, 13 and 3 days in SE, SB and SEB, respectively, reduced nutrient loss, the water holding porosity of SE and SEB increased by 28.67% and 24.03%. Besides, the bacterial Shannon and Pielou's indices of SEB increased by 9.42% and 9.33%, respectively, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was increased in SB and SEB. Amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the most abundant metabolic processes in composts. SEB showed not only the highest cucumber yields, but also the highest OQI. The OQI of the CCSBs was significantly and positively correlated with cucumber yields (P < 0.001). These results indicated that the combination of earthworm casts and biochar was more effective than each single additive during in-situ composting of corn straw blocks, and emphasized that the overall quality of CCSBs played pivotal roles in determining the agronomic performance of CCSBs. In addition, the in-situ composting of corn straw blocks could be used to produce high-quality cultivation substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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12
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Wang G, Yang Y, Kong Y, Ma R, Yuan J, Li G. Key factors affecting seed germination in phytotoxicity tests during sheep manure composting with carbon additives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126809. [PMID: 34388932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The germination index (GI) was widely applied to evaluate the phytotoxicity of compost. This study investigated the key phytotoxicity factors affecting seed germination in compost by using aqueous extracts in seed germination tests. The relationship between water-soluble substances in compost and seed germination, and their association with the microbial community were identified. In this study, sheep manure (SM) composted along or with three carbon additives (mushroom substrate, MS; cornstalks, CS; garden substrate, GS) for 49 days and, during this time, changes in multiple physical-chemical parameters, carbon and nitrogen matters, germination indexes (GI) and the compost microbiome were monitored. The results showed that all additives decreased water-soluble total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and low molecular weight organic acids, and significantly improved the seed germination indexes (seed germination rate, radical length and GI). The GI was correlated with water-soluble carbon degradation products (TOC, butyric acid, humic acid) and certain bacteria (Planifilum, Oceanobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 and Saccharomonospora). A structural equation model revealed that the main factors affecting seed germination were TOC (SM compost), acetic acid (SM+MS compost), humic acid (SM+CS compost), and pH (SM+GS compost). Low TOC and low molecular weight organic acids contents and higher humic acid content promoted GI. The research results could provide theoretical basis and measures for directional regulation of compost maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang H, Yao D, Xu J, Liu X, Sheng L. Investigation of technology for composting mixed deer manure and straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45805-45825. [PMID: 33884547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an effective method for utilizing agricultural straw waste and livestock manure resources. Using deer manure and corn straw as raw materials, the changes in various indexes were studied during composting under different initial C/N ratios, initial moisture contents, and particle sizes of corn straw, and compost maturity was evaluated. Moisture content, total organic carbon content, and C/N ratio all declined during composting, while total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, pH, germination index, and electrical conductivity increased. The grey relational analysis method was used to evaluate maturity. The results showed that a mixture of stalk and deer manure with initial moisture content of 55%, initial C/N ratio of 30:1, and a straw particle size of 1.5-3.5 cm constituted the optimal experimental conditions. Taguchi analysis indicated that initial moisture content exerted the greatest influence on compost maturity, followed by initial C/N ratio and crushed straw particle size. This study provides an important reference for the utilization of compost derived from a mixture of livestock manure and straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Difu Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Development Planning Division, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
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Rimkus A, Gudrā D, Dubova L, Fridmanis D, Alsiņa I, Muter O. Stimulation of sewage sludge treatment by carbon sources and bioaugmentation with a sludge-derived microbial consortium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146989. [PMID: 33865123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sewage sludge (SS) disposal has become one of the greatest global challenges. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of faba bean straw (Straw-B), wheat straw (Straw-W), and wood-chip pellets (WCP) amended to SS, as well as bioaugmentation (BA), on the physicochemical characteristics and structure of the microbial community of the treated SS. Sixteen days of incubation of SS-containing mixtures revealed the highest efficiency of Straw-W(BA) in terms of SS stabilisation, i.e., the highest and most stable respiration intensity, the lowest ammonia emission, and the highest stimulation effect on the cress seedling growth. Shotgun sequencing data analysis showed that Proteobacteria dominated in the raw SS with 60.17% reads, which consisted of 16.40%, 29.18%, and 12.33% of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively. All treated samples were characterised by an increased abundance of Firmicutes (32.70-53.84%). A remarkable increase in virus abundance (0.34% reads) was detected in the treated SS, which was incubated without C amendment and bioaugmentation. The addition of C sources to the SS changed some physicochemical characteristics of the mixture. All of these findings provide novel insights toward a mechanistic understanding of the fate of the human sewage microbiome in wastewater and other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alīna Rimkus
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Dita Gudrā
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Laila Dubova
- Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela 2, Jelgava LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Dāvids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ina Alsiņa
- Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela 2, Jelgava LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Olga Muter
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., Riga LV-1004, Latvia.
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Greff B, Szigeti J, Varga Á, Lakatos E, Sáhó A, Varga L. Effect of bacterial inoculation on co-composting of lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) waste and cattle manure. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:306. [PMID: 34189009 PMCID: PMC8167000 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Cellulomonas flavigena and Streptomyces viridosporus, as a bacterial inoculant, on the compostability of post-extraction lavender waste. The major physicochemical, microbiological, and biological properties of the composting materials were monitored for 161 days. The technology developed was shown to improve the compostability of recalcitrant herbal residues. The use of lavender waste beneficially affected the composting process by extending the thermophilic phase, accelerating the degradation of organic matter, and elevating the viable counts of useful microorganisms; however, adverse effects were also observed, including an increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (19.05) and a decreased germination index (93.4%). Bacterial inoculation was found to preserve the nitrogen content (2.50%) and improve the efficiency of biodegradation. The Salmonella- and Escherichia coli-free final composting products were mature, stable, and ready for soil application. To the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has investigated the compostability of lavender waste. Likewise, this is the first study that has used strains of C. flavigena and S. viridosporus in combination to facilitate a composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babett Greff
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200 Hungary
| | - Jenő Szigeti
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200 Hungary
| | - Ágnes Varga
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200 Hungary
| | - Erika Lakatos
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200 Hungary
| | - András Sáhó
- Kisalföldi Agricultural Ltd, Fő út 1., Nagyszentjános, 9072 Hungary
| | - László Varga
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, Mosonmagyaróvár, 9200 Hungary
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Cai L, Cao MK, Chen TB, Guo HT, Zheng GD. Microbial degradation in the co-composting of pig manure and biogas residue using a recyclable cement-based synthetic amendment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:30-40. [PMID: 33740711 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated a synthetic amendment to improve composting and resource recycling of pig manure and biogas residue. We further examined whether adding a synthetic amendment impacts the microbial ecosystem in the composted materials. Three mixing ratios were used to investigate composting performance: no synthetic amendment (T0), 5% synthetic amendment (T1), and 10% synthetic amendment (T2) (T1 and T2 were measured as a wet weight ratio). There were no significant differences in the fundamental characteristics between composting products in T0 and T1. The moisture content of composting material in T0, T1, and T2 significantly decreased from a baseline of approximately 65% to 35.5%, 37.3%, and 55.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the germination index significantly increased to 111.6%, 155.6%, and 62.3%, respectively. When an optimal proportion of synthetic amendment was added, T1 showed high degree of humification, lignocellulase activities, and effective biodegradation. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi in all treatment groups. Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycolysis, starch, and sucrose metabolism were among the primary pathways in predicted functions. The synthetic amendment can generate a mature composting product and can be reused or recycled to conserve resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng-Ke Cao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tong-Bin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Han-Tong Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guo-Di Zheng
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Guidoni LLC, Martins GA, Guevara MF, Brandalise JN, Lucia T, Gerber MD, Corrêa LB, Corrêa ÉK. Full-Scale Composting of Different Mixtures with Meal from Dead Pigs: Process Monitoring, Compost Quality and Toxicity. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2021; 12:5923-5935. [PMID: 33777261 PMCID: PMC7981597 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-021-01422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Abundant by-products of large swine industries, such as slaughterhouse sludge and carcasses, require adequate treatment to prevent negative effects of their direct disposal in the open environment. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of composting using meal from dead pigs through physicochemical analyses and phytotoxic assays. Five treatments were tested, all including 50% sawdust: T1, with 50% slaughterhouse sludge (control); T2, with 20% slaughterhouse sludge and 30% meal from dead pigs; T3, with 10% slaughterhouse sludge and 40% meal from dead pigs; T4, with 20% organic stabilizing compost and 30% meal from dead pigs and T5, with 30% organic stabilizing compost and 20% meal from dead pigs. The phytotoxicity assays used lettuce, cucumber, celia, soybean, rice and wheat as bioindicators. Inclusion of meal from dead pigs was related to reduction in pH, C/N ratio, humidity and temperatures inside the pile, although thermophilic peaks lasted longer than 50 days and the final composts showed high content of nitrogen and phosphorous. The germination of bioindicators was reduced in all tested treatments, compared to the control. The composts from treatments that included meal from dead pigs presented acceptable nutrient content, which may indicate their use as organic fertilizers. However, after 4 months, all bioindicators in contact with such composts presented impaired germination. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12649-021-01422-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L. C. Guidoni
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Gabriel A. Martins
- Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Miguel F. Guevara
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - João N. Brandalise
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Thomaz Lucia
- ReproPel, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Michel D. Gerber
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Luciara B. Corrêa
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Érico K. Corrêa
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
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Deepthi MP, Kathireswari P, Rini J, Saminathan K, Karmegam N. Vermitransformation of monogastric Elephas maximus and ruminant Bos taurus excrements into vermicompost using Eudrilus eugeniae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124302. [PMID: 33129096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of monogastric (Elephas maximus) and ruminant (Bos taurus) excrements with Eudrilus eugeniae was assessed by establishing five different treatments in triplicate: 100% elephant dung (T1), 50% elephant dung + 50% garden soil (T2), 50% elephant dung + 50% cow dung (T3), 100% cow dung (T4) and 50% cow dung + 50% garden soil (T5) and maintained for 90 days under experimental conditions. An increment of macronutrients and reduction of C/N ratio (<20) in the vermicomposts was recorded, where T3 presented higher NPK contents with the relative nutrient recovery efficiency of 1.65, 2.94 and 1.76, respectively. Cycle I (45 days) endorsed cocoons and juveniles, while Cycle II (90 days) supported sub-adults and adults. Seed germination and 28 days growth studies with Vigna unguiculata signified that the vermicomposts were phytotoxicity-free. The binary ratio in T3 (1:1) is suitable for the biotransformation of elephant dung into advantageous vermicompost with Eudrilus eugeniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madathil Peedika Deepthi
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Kathireswari
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Joseph Rini
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kulandaivel Saminathan
- Department of Chemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xiao K, Abbt-Braun G, Horn H. Changes in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter during sludge treatment: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116441. [PMID: 33022515 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) of sludge is a heterogeneous mixture of high to low molecular weight organic substances which is including proteinaceous compounds, carbohydrates, humic substances, lipids, lignins, organic acids, organic micropollutants and other biological derived substances generated during wastewater treatment. This paper reviews definition, composition, quantification, and transformation of DOM during different sludge treatments, and the complex interplay of DOM with microbial communities. In anaerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion-refractory organic matter, particularly compounds showing polycyclic steroid-like, alkane and aromatic structures can be generated after pretreatment. During dewatering, the DOM fraction of low molecular weight proteins (< 20,000 Dalton) is the key parameter deteriorating sludge dewaterability. During composting, decomposition and polymerization of DOM occur, followed by the formation of humic substances. During landfill treatment, the composition of DOM, particularly humic substances, are related with leachate quality. Finally, suggestions are proposed for a better understanding of the transformation and degradation of DOM during sludge treatment. Future work in sludge studies needs the establishment and implementation of definitions for sample handling and the standardization of DOM methods for analysis, including sample preparation and fractionation, and data integration. A more detailed knowledge of DOM in sludge facilitates the operation and optimization of sludge treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Laboratories, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gudrun Abbt-Braun
- Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Laboratories, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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20
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Santra B, Ramrakhiani L, Kar S, Ghosh S, Majumdar S. Ceramic membrane-based ultrafiltration combined with adsorption by waste derived biochar for textile effluent treatment and management of spent biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:973-992. [PMID: 33312617 PMCID: PMC7721960 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Effluents produced in the textile industries are important sources of water pollution due to the presence of toxic dyes, auxiliary chemicals, organic substances etc. Recycling of such industrial wastewater is one major aspect of sustainable water management; hence present study is focused on an eco-friendly process development for reclamation of higher loading textile wastewater. METHOD Industrial effluent samples with varying loading were collected from textile processing units located in and around Kolkata city. Vegetable waste collected from local market was utilized to prepare an efficient biochar for elimination of the recalcitrant dyes. Prior to adsorption, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) process was used for reduction of the organic loading and other suspended and dissolved components. RESULTS A remarkably high BET surface area of 1216 m2g-1 and enhanced pore volume of 1.139 cm3g-1 was observed for biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was about 300 mg.g-1. The combined process facilitated >99% removal of dyes and 77-80% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the various samples of effluent. The treated effluent was found suitable to discharge or reuse in other purposes. About 95% of dye recovery was achieved during biochar regeneration with acetone solution. The dye loaded spent biochar was composted with dry leaves and garden soil as bulking agent. Prepared compost could achieve the recommended parameters with high nutritional value after 45 days. CONCLUSIONS The overall study showed potential of the proposed process towards treatment of toxic dye loaded textile effluent in an environment friendly and sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Santra
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Lata Ramrakhiani
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Susmita Kar
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Sourja Ghosh
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Swachchha Majumdar
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
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21
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Brisolara KB, Gentile B, Puszykowski K, Bourgeois J. Residuals, sludge, and biosolids: Advancements in the field. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1541-1551. [PMID: 32668078 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the field of residuals, sludge, and biosolids have been made in 2019. This review outlines the major contributions of researchers that have been published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings throughout 2019 and includes brief summaries from over 125 articles. The review is organized in sections including life cycle and risk assessments; characteristics, quality, and measurement including micropollutants, nanoparticles, pathogens, and metals; sludge treatment technologies including dewatering, digestion, composting, and wetlands; disposal and reuse including adsorbents, land application and agricultural uses, nutrient recovery, and innovative uses; odor and air emissions; and energy issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari B Brisolara
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bailey Gentile
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kate Puszykowski
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John Bourgeois
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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22
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Hazrati S, Farahbakhsh M, Heydarpoor G, Besalatpour AA. Mitigation in availability and toxicity of multi-metal contaminated soil by combining soil washing and organic amendments stabilization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110807. [PMID: 32505762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the decrease in total metal contents and to mitigate the availability and toxicity of metals from farmland near a lead mining area, a combination of two effective soil washing and eco-friendly stabilization technologies was applied in current research. The pre-treatment was performed with three types of agents including Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and mixture of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and citric acid (HA)) and the post-treatment stabilization was adopted using four rich-carbon organic waste amendments (cow manure compost (CMC), vermicompost (VC), urban sewage sludge (SS), and sludge-derived biochar (BIO)). Furthermore, the fate of residual metals (leachability, plant-availability, bioaccessibility, and chemical distribution), soil quality indicators (phytotoxicity and enzyme activities), and some soil physicochemical properties were examined before and after the two-steps remediation. The soil washing, especially using HA and CA agents, dramatically increased the labile metals and negatively changed the soil microbial activity. The two-month stabilization with SS, BIO, and VC resulted in a significant control of the leachability and plant-availability of residual Zn and Pb. However, the post-treatment was only slightly immobilized of Cd. The amendments affected the restoration of soil pH and organic carbon as well as the improvement of available nutrients. Compared to the other amendments that caused restrictions, the SS significantly restored the enzyme activities. With the exception of CMC, the SS, VC, and BIO, indicated higher germination rate and growth of wheat were also obtained. This study reveal the ability of the complementary role of stabilization with soil washing to reduce metal toxicity and confirm the usefulness of municipal and animal wastes in enhancing soil and environmental qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hazrati
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Farahbakhsh
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghasem Heydarpoor
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
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Wang G, Kong Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zhang X, Yuan J, Li G. Evolution of phytotoxicity during the active phase of co-composting of chicken manure, tobacco powder and mushroom substrate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:25-32. [PMID: 32645612 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the phytotoxicity of chicken manure co-composted with tobacco powder and mushroom substrate on seed germination during active phase of composting. All compost products met the sanitation requirements specified in the Chinese national standard; however, only the mushroom substrate compost satisfied the maturity standard. From day 28, the composting entered the end of active phase and the concentrations of K+, Zn2+, Na+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ decreased gradually. Redundancy analysis indicated that the germination index, catalase and peroxidase activities was positively correlated with K+, Zn2+, Na+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and NO3--N, and negatively correlated with NH4+-N, Mg2+ and Ca2+, among which the most significant ions were Fe3+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ for all treatments. The malondialdehyde concentration of germinated seeds had adverse correlation with the above ions parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Pisa C, Wuta M, Muchaonyerwa P. Effects of incorporation of vermiculite on carbon and nitrogen retention and concentration of other nutrients during composting of cattle manure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Guo Y, Rene ER, Wang J, Ma W. Biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and the influence of environmental factors during the co-composting of sewage sludge and green forest waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122434. [PMID: 31787509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this research was to study the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the influence of environmental factors during composting in order to realize the utilization of PAHs contaminated sewage sludge. A production scale compost experiment was conducted with three mixtures of sewage sludge (SS): green forest waste (GFW) at quality ratios of 3:1 (T1), 3:2 (T2) and 3:3 (T3). The residual concentration of PAHs in the three treatments met the permissible limit prescribed by the Agricultural Sludge Pollutant Control Standard (GB 4284-2018). The biodegradation rates of PAHs were 0.0280, 0.0281 and 0.0218 mg/d, and removal efficiencies were 70.7%, 75.2% and 62.4% in T1, T2, T3, respectively, which followed the first-order rate kinetics. The residual concentration of PAHs in T2 was the lowest (1.81 mg/kg), while the germination index (GI) of Tall Fescues (~0.9) was the highest during 50 days of co-composting. The bacterial diversity negatively correlated with the residual PAHs content. The main genus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Methylotenera, with cellulose-degrading and PAHs co-metabolizing functions contributed significantly to sludge maturation and PAHs degradation. The dominant microorganisms, Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium and Chitinophagaceae_uncultured, could support the high removal rate of PAHs in T2. Temperature, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio had significant positive effect on the compost maturity and quality, and these parameters correlated with the PAHs biodegradation efficiency during composting, especially in T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- IHE-Delft, Institute for Water Education, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Junjing Wang
- Beijing Drainage Group Technology Research and Development Center, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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26
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Liu T, Wang M, Awasthi MK, Chen H, Awasthi SK, Duan Y, Zhang Z. Measurement of cow manure compost toxicity and maturity based on weed seed germination. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2020; 245:118894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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