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Xiao C, Du S, Zhou S, Cheng H, Rao S, Wang Y, Cheng S, Lei M, Li L. Identification and functional characterization of ABC transporters for selenium accumulation and tolerance in soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108676. [PMID: 38714125 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were crucial for various physiological processes like nutrition, development, and environmental interactions. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, and its role in plants depends on applied dosage. ABC transporters are considered to participate in Se translocation in plants, but detailed studies in soybean are still lacking. We identified 196 ABC genes in soybean transcriptome under Se exposure using next-generation sequencing and single-molecule real-time sequencing technology. These proteins fell into eight subfamilies: 8 GmABCA, 51 GmABCB, 39 GmABCC, 5 GmABCD, 1 GmABCE, 10 GmABCF, 74 GmABCG, and 8 GmABCI, with amino acid length 121-3022 aa, molecular weight 13.50-341.04 kDa, and isoelectric point 4.06-9.82. We predicted a total of 15 motifs, some of which were specific to certain subfamilies (especially GmABCB, GmABCC, and GmABCG). We also found predicted alternative splicing in GmABCs: 60 events in selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs)-treated, 37 in sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)-treated samples. The GmABC genes showed differential expression in leaves and roots under different application of Se species and Se levels, most of which are belonged to GmABCB, GmABCC, and GmABCG subfamilies with functions in auxin transport, barrier formation, and detoxification. Protein-protein interaction and weighted gene co-expression network analysis suggested functional gene networks with hub ABC genes, contributing to our understanding of their biological functions. Our results illuminate the contributions of GmABC genes to Se accumulation and tolerance in soybean and provide insight for a better understanding of their roles in soybean as well as in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xiao
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Sainan Du
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Shengli Zhou
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Shen Rao
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Li Li
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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Ikram S, Li Y, Lin C, Yi D, Heng W, Li Q, Tao L, Hongjun Y, Weijie J. Selenium in plants: A nexus of growth, antioxidants, and phytohormones. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154237. [PMID: 38583194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for both human and animals. Plants serve as the primary source of Se in the food chain. Se concentration and availability in plants is influenced by soil properties and environmental conditions. Optimal Se levels promote plant growth and enhance stress tolerance, while excessive Se concentration can result in toxicity. Se enhances plants ROS scavenging ability by promoting antioxidant compound synthesis. The ability of Se to maintain redox balance depends upon ROS compounds, stress conditions and Se application rate. Furthermore, Se-dependent antioxidant compound synthesis is critically reliant on plant macro and micro nutritional status. As these nutrients are fundamental for different co-factors and amino acid synthesis. Additionally, phytohormones also interact with Se to promote plant growth. Hence, utilization of phytohormones and modified crop nutrition can improve Se-dependent crop growth and plant stress tolerance. This review aims to explore the assimilation of Se into plant proteins, its intricate effect on plant redox status, and the specific interactions between Se and phytohormones. Furthermore, we highlight the proposed physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying Se-mediated phytohormone-dependent plant growth modulation and identified research opportunities that could contribute to sustainable agricultural production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufian Ikram
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Debao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hongjun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Weijie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Urbano T, Filippini T, Wise LA, Sucato S, Polledri E, Malavolti M, Fustinoni S, Michalke B, Vinceti M. Selenium exposure and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine: Major effects of chemical species and sex. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161584. [PMID: 36702271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an element present in trace amounts and different chemical forms. It may exert both beneficial and adverse effects on cellular redox status and on the generation of reactive oxygen species. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is an oxidized derivative of deoxyguanosine, and a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress and genotoxicity. The present study assessed the extent to which selenium status was associated with urinary 8-oxodG concentrations in a Northern Italian population. We recruited healthy, non-smoking blood donors living in the Reggio Emilia province during 2017-2019. We measured urinary 8-oxodG concentrations and used restricted cubic spline regression analyses to investigate the association between selenium status (estimated using food frequency questionnaires, urinary concentrations, and serum concentrations of selenium and selenium species) and 8-oxodG/g creatinine. Among 137 participants aged 30-60 years, median urinary selenium and 8-oxodG concentrations were 22.02 μg/L and 3.21 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Serum samples and selenium speciation analyses were available for 104 participants. Median total serum selenium levels and dietary intake were 116.5 μg/L and 78.7 μg/day, respectively. In spline regression analysis, there was little association between dietary, serum, or urinary selenium with 8-oxodG concentrations. In sex-specific analyses, urinary selenium showed a positive association with the endpoint among males. For single selenium species, we observed positive associations with urinary 8-oxodG for serum organic selenium species, and negative associations for inorganic selenium forms. In the most adjusted analysis, urinary 8-oxodG concentrations showed a strong positive association with selenomethione-bound selenium (Se-Met) and a negative association with inorganic tetravalent selenium, selenite. In sex-specific analyses, these associations were considerably stronger in males than in females. Overall, study findings indicate that selenium species exhibited very different patterns of associations with the biomarker of oxidative stress, and that these associations also depended on sex. Background exposure to Se-Met appears to be strongly and positively associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Urbano
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Sucato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Polledri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Vinceti M, Filippini T, Jablonska E, Saito Y, Wise LA. Safety of selenium exposure and limitations of selenoprotein maximization: Molecular and epidemiologic perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113092. [PMID: 35259406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence from laboratory and epidemiologic studies has shed a different light on selenium health effects and its recommended range of environmental exposure, compared with earlier research. Specifically, epidemiologic studies in Western populations have shown adverse effects of selenium exposure at low levels, sometimes below or slightly above selenium intakes needed to maximize selenoprotein expression and activity. In addition, three recent lines of evidence in molecular and biochemical studies suggest some potential drawbacks associated with selenoprotein maximization: 1) the possibility that selenoprotein upregulation is a compensatory response to oxidative challenge, induced by selenium itself or other oxidants; 2) the capacity of selenoproteins to trigger tumor growth in some circumstances; and 3) the deleterious metabolic effects of selenoproteins and particularly of selenoprotein P. The last observation provides a toxicological basis to explain why in humans selenium intake levels as low as 60 μg/day, still in the range of selenium exposure upregulating selenoprotein expression, might start to increase risk of type 2 diabetes. Overall, these new pieces of evidence from the literature call into question the purported benefit of selenoprotein maximization, and indicate the need to reassess selenium dietary reference values and upper intake level. This reassessment should clarify which range of selenoprotein upregulation follows restoration of adequate selenium availability and which range is driven by a compensatory response to selenium toxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang Z, Huang W, Pang F. Selenium in Soil-Plant-Microbe: A Review. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:167-181. [PMID: 34617141 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) plays an important role in geochemistry and is an essential trace element for humans and animals. This review summarizes the transformation and accumulation of Se in the plant-soil-microbe system. As one of the important reservoirs of Se, soil is an important material basis of its entry into the food chain through plants. Soil with an appropriate amount of Se is beneficial for plant growth and plays a valuable role in a stress-resistant environment. Among the many migration and transformation pathways, the transformation of Se by microorganisms is particularly important and is the main form of Se transformation in the soil environment. In this review, the role and form transformation of Se in plants, soil, and microorganisms; the role of Se in plants; the form, input, and output of Se in soil; the absorption and transformation of Se by plants; and the role of microorganisms in Se transformation are presented. In addition to describing the migration and transformation laws of Se in the environment, this review expounds on the main directions and trends of Se research in the agricultural field as well as current gaps and difficulties in Se-related research. Overall, this reviews aims to provide necessary information and theoretical references for the development of Se-rich agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
| | - Fei Pang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
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Liao X, Rao S, Yu T, Zhu Z, Yang X, Xue H, Gou Y, Cheng S, Xu F. Selenium yeast promoted the Se accumulation, nutrient quality and antioxidant system of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1907042. [PMID: 33818289 PMCID: PMC8143226 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1907042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of Se yeast as a Se source to cultivate Se-rich cabbage has a significant effect on cabbage growth and quality indices. Results showed that total plant weight, head weight, and head size in cabbage were notably increased by 48.4%, 88.3%, and 25.4% under 16 mg/kg Se yeast treatment, respectively. Compare with the control, a high proportion of 3874% of Se accumulation in cabbage head was also detected in 16 mg/kg Se yeast treatment. Selenocystine (SeCys2) and Methyl-selenocysteine (MeSeCys) were the main Se speciations in the cabbage head. Application of 8 mg/kg Se yeast improved cabbage quality and antioxidant system indices, including free amino acid, soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, phenolic acid, glucosinolates, and SOD activity, which had 81.6%, 46.5%, 34.9%, 12.3%, 44.8%, 25.2% higher than that of the control, respectively. In summary, considering 8 mg/kg Se yeast as the appropriate level of Se enrichment during cabbage cultivation. These findings enhanced our understanding of the effects of Se yeast on the growth and quality of cabbage and provided new insights into Se-enrichment vegetable cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shen Rao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tian Yu
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co., Ltd, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hua Xue
- National Selenium Rich Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Teixeira LS, Pimenta TM, Brito FAL, Malheiros RSP, Arruda RS, Araújo WL, Ribeiro DM. Selenium uptake and grain nutritional quality are affected by nitrogen fertilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:871-880. [PMID: 33772600 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of selenium in rice grain composition depend on the soil nitrogen supply. Selenium and nitrogen have the potential to modify rice grain composition; however, it is unclear how the combined effect of Se and nitrogen affects the grain nutritional quality of rice. In our study, grain Se concentration was positively associated with the increased availability of nitrogen in soil. The accumulation of Se in grain of rice plants treated with Se combined with nitrogen was accompanied by an increase in expression of NRT1.1B, a rice nitrate transporter and sensor, in root. Moreover, Se potentiates the response of nitrogen supply in expression of sulfate transporter OsSULTR1.2, phosphate transporter OsPT2 and silicon transporter OsNIP2.1 in root, thereby increasing root Se uptake capacity. The combination of Se with high nitrogen increased the concentrations of protein, carbohydrates, Se, Mo and Mg, but decreased concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in grain. Overall, our results revealed that many of the effects of Se in rice grain composition are due to a shift in the nitrogen status of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubia S Teixeira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Thaline M Pimenta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fred A L Brito
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafael S P Malheiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafaela S Arruda
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Dou L, Tian Z, Zhao Q, Xu M, Zhu Y, Luo X, Qiao X, Ren R, Zhang X, Li H. Transcriptomic Characterization of the Effects of Selenium on Maize Seedling Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:737029. [PMID: 34887883 PMCID: PMC8650135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral element in soils that can be beneficial to plants in small amounts. Although maize is among the most economically important crops, there are few reports on the effects of Se on maize seedling growth at the molecular level. In this study, the growth of maize seedlings treated with different concentrations of Na2SeO3 was investigated, and the physiological characteristics were measured. Compared with the control, a low Se concentration promoted seedling growth, whereas a high Se concentration inhibited it. To illustrate the transcriptional effects of Se on maize seedling growth, samples from control plants and those treated with low or high concentrations of Se were subjected to RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed that there were 239 upregulated and 106 downregulated genes in the low Se treatment groups, while there were 845 upregulated and 1,686 downregulated DEGs in the high Se treatment groups. Both the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analyses showed a low concentration of the Se-stimulated expression of "DNA replication" and "glutathione (GSH) metabolism"-related genes. A high concentration of Se repressed the expression of auxin signal transduction and lignin biosynthesis-related genes. The real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that in the low Se treatment, "auxin signal transduction," "DNA replication," and lignin biosynthesis-related genes were upregulated 1.4- to 57.68-fold compared to the control, while, in the high Se concentration treatment, auxin signal transduction and lignin biosynthesis-related genes were downregulated 1.6- to 16.23-fold compared to the control. Based on these transcriptional differences and qRT-PCR validation, it was found that a low dosage of Se may promote maize seedling growth but becomes inhibitory to growth at higher concentrations. This study lays a foundation for the mechanisms underlying the effects of Se on maize seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Dou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zailong Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yiran Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinxing Qiao
- Shaanxi Hygrogeology Engineering Geology and Environment Geology Survey Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Shaanxi Hygrogeology Engineering Geology and Environment Geology Survey Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Ren,
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Xianliang Zhang,
| | - Huaizhu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, China
- Huaizhu Li,
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