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Teng H, Zhu L, Zhang X, Qiu B. When Games Influence Words: Gaming Addiction among College Students Increases Verbal Aggression through Risk-Biased Drifting in Decision-Making. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:699. [PMID: 39199095 PMCID: PMC11352047 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased aggression due to gaming addiction is a widespread and highly publicized problem. The underlying processes by which verbal aggression, a more harmful and persistent subcategory of aggression, is affected by gaming addiction may differ from other types of aggression. In this study, data came from 252 randomly recruited current university students (50.79% male, mean age 19.60 years, SD: 1.44 years, range 17 to 29 years). Participants reported gaming addiction and different types of aggression through questionnaires. In addition, two important explanatory processes, inhibitory control, and risk preference, were measured through behavioral experiments. A Bayesian hierarchical drift-diffusion model was employed to interpret the data from the risk preference task. In contrast to previous work, the study found that inhibitory control did not significantly correlate with either gaming addiction or any form of aggression However, the drift rate, a measure of decision-making inclination under risk, partially mediates the relationship between gaming addiction and verbal aggression (but not other forms of aggression). The findings illuminate risk preference under adverse conditions as a key predictor of verbal aggression, offering avenues for early intervention and suggesting game design modifications to mitigate verbal aggression by adjusting reward mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Teng
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Boyu Qiu
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
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Thorell LB, Burén J, Ström Wiman J, Sandberg D, Nutley SB. Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2503-2526. [PMID: 36562860 PMCID: PMC11272698 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reviews have often shown a link between digital media ADHD symptom levels. However, longitudinal studies are needed to find stronger evidence of a causal effect as well as to determine the direction of effects. The aim of the present review (PROSPERO CRD42021262695) was therefore to provide a systematic review of studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) include longitudinal data investigating associations between digital media (i.e., gaming and social media) and later ADHD symptoms or vice versa, (2) be published within the past 10 years (i.e., 2011 until June 2021), (3) be published in a peer-reviewed journal in English, and (4) include children or adolescents (age 0-17 years). After a systematic search in the Web of Science and PsycInfo databases, we included 28 studies, all with adequate or high quality. Results showed support for reciprocal associations between digital media and ADHD symptoms, with associations being more consistent for problematic use of digital media than for screen time. Thus, children with ADHD symptoms appear more vulnerable to developing high or problematic use of digital media (i.e., selection effects), and digital media also have effects on later ADHD symptom levels, either because of specific characteristics of digital media or because of indirect effects on, for example, sleep and social relations (i.e., media effects). However, it should be emphasized that further studies investigating potential moderators and mediators are needed if we are to better understand the complex associations between digital media and ADHD symptom levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Thorell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Burén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Ström Wiman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Sandberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sissela B Nutley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hopkinson NS, Vrinten C, Parnham JC, Radó MK, Filippidis F, Vamos EP, Laverty AA. Association of time spent on social media with youth cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use in the UK: a national longitudinal study. Thorax 2024; 79:662-669. [PMID: 38755014 PMCID: PMC11187353 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media may influence children and young people's health behaviour, including cigarette and e-cigarette use. METHODS We analysed data from participants aged 10-25 years in the UK Household Longitudinal Study 2015-2021. The amount of social media use reported on a normal weekday was related to current cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. Generalised estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression models investigated associations of social media use with cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. Models controlled for possible confounders including age, sex, country of UK, ethnicity, household income and use of cigarette/e-cigarettes by others within the home. RESULTS Among 10 808 participants with 27 962 observations, current cigarette smoking was reported by 8.6% of participants for at least one time point, and current e-cigarette use by 2.5% of participants. In adjusted GEE models, more frequent use of social media was associated with greater odds of current cigarette smoking. This was particularly apparent at higher levels of use (eg, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.60, 95% CI 2.61 to 4.96 for ≥7 hours/day vs none). Associations were similar for e-cigarettes (AOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.29 for ≥7 hours/day social media use vs none). There was evidence of dose-response in associations between time spent on social media and both cigarette and e-cigarette use (both p<0.001). Analyses stratified by sex and household income found similar associations for cigarettes; however, for e-cigarettes associations were concentrated among males and those from higher household income groups. CONCLUSIONS Social media use is associated with increased risk of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. There is a need for greater research on this issue as well as potential policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Vrinten
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Jennie C Parnham
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Márta K Radó
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filippos Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Eszter P Vamos
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
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Kannen C, Sindermann C, Montag C. On the Willingness to Pay for social media/messenger services taking into account personality and sent/received messages among WhatsApp users. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28840. [PMID: 38694101 PMCID: PMC11058879 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
WhatsApp has billions of users worldwide. Instead of paying a subscription fee, users provide their data for the use allowance. This data is used by Meta - the company behind WhatsApp - to obtain insights into user characteristics and monetize those insights. However, this data business model is among others criticized for fostering a loss of privacy that arises when platforms analyze user data, and for the use of design elements to attract users to the platform when they are not online or to extend their online time. Therefore, an increasing number of scientists are discussing whether other payment models are needed to overcome those disadvantages, like a monetary payment model. However, users would probably only pay for improved social media products. This paper provides an empirical basis for understanding the user perspective and, in particular, whether and how much users are willing to pay for improved social media products. For this, 2924 WhatsApp users' perspectives on this topic were investigated. They were asked whether and how much they are willing to pay money for a messenger/social media service when its quality would be improved. Variables potentially influencing Willingness to Pay (i.e., personality, sent/received messages) were studied as well. 47% of the participants were unwilling to pay for a healthier messenger service, and about a quarter were willing or stayed neutral. Further analysis revealed that more agreeable people were more willing to pay. Further: Higher Extraversion was associated with more sent/received messages, but the number of sent/received messages was not linked to Willingness to Pay. The present study shows that many users still are not willing to pay for social media (here messengers), which indicates that the advantages of paying for social media with money instead of with one's own data might need to be better communicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kannen
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Sindermann
- Computational Digital Psychology, Interchange Forum for Reflecting on Intelligent Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Lowthian E, Fee G, Wakeham C, Clegg Z, Crick T, Anthony R. Identifying protective and risk behavior patterns of online communication in young people. J Adolesc 2024; 96:235-250. [PMID: 37929875 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has investigated the association between time spent online and mental well-being, however the nuances between specific online behaviors and well-being have been less explored. This research examines how specific online behaviors (i.e., how young people are engaging online and with whom), are associated with one another, and how these patterns of behaviors are related to well-being. METHODS We used the November 2020 and March 2021 Understanding Society COVID-19 Panel data. The sample consisted of 1432 adolescents aged 10-15 years, who participated in November 2020. Latent class analysis was used to explore patterns of online behaviors. We also investigated how sociodemographic characteristics differed across the classes, along with physical, social, and mental well-being as distal outcomes both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS We identified four classes: "Avid users," "Scholars," "Midways," and the "Passengers." The avid users had the highest frequency of posting online content regularly, likewise the scholars also posted online content regularly, however the scholars were differentiated by their higher frequency of schoolwork and news intake online. The midways had more complex activity characterized by talking to friends often and having a social media account, but posted online content less frequently. The passengers were the least active online as they posted pictures and videos less (76% said "never") and only 63% had a social media account. The avid users had the lowest well-being cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and the midways had lower social well-being and appearance dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Online behaviors such as regularly posting or talking to internet-only friends could be related to lower well-being. Policymakers should consider both improving regulations online and building an evidence base to enable caregivers from all backgrounds to support young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lowthian
- Department of Education & Childhood Studies, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Georgia Fee
- Department of Education & Childhood Studies, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- School of Education and Children, Centre of Health, Science and Society, University West England, Bristol, UK
| | - Chloë Wakeham
- Department of Criminology, Social Policy and Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Zoë Clegg
- Department of Education & Childhood Studies, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Tom Crick
- Department of Education & Childhood Studies, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rebecca Anthony
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Social Sciences, Centre for the Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Wong ML, Cleland CE, Arend D, Bartlett S, Cleaves HJ, Demarest H, Prabhu A, Lunine JI, Hazen RM. On the roles of function and selection in evolving systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310223120. [PMID: 37844243 PMCID: PMC10614609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310223120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical laws-such as the laws of motion, gravity, electromagnetism, and thermodynamics-codify the general behavior of varied macroscopic natural systems across space and time. We propose that an additional, hitherto-unarticulated law is required to characterize familiar macroscopic phenomena of our complex, evolving universe. An important feature of the classical laws of physics is the conceptual equivalence of specific characteristics shared by an extensive, seemingly diverse body of natural phenomena. Identifying potential equivalencies among disparate phenomena-for example, falling apples and orbiting moons or hot objects and compressed springs-has been instrumental in advancing the scientific understanding of our world through the articulation of laws of nature. A pervasive wonder of the natural world is the evolution of varied systems, including stars, minerals, atmospheres, and life. These evolving systems appear to be conceptually equivalent in that they display three notable attributes: 1) They form from numerous components that have the potential to adopt combinatorially vast numbers of different configurations; 2) processes exist that generate numerous different configurations; and 3) configurations are preferentially selected based on function. We identify universal concepts of selection-static persistence, dynamic persistence, and novelty generation-that underpin function and drive systems to evolve through the exchange of information between the environment and the system. Accordingly, we propose a "law of increasing functional information": The functional information of a system will increase (i.e., the system will evolve) if many different configurations of the system undergo selection for one or more functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Wong
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC20015
- Sagan Fellow, NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Carol E. Cleland
- Department of Philosophy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Daniel Arend
- Department of Philosophy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Stuart Bartlett
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - H. James Cleaves
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC20015
- Earth Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
- Blue Marble Space Institute for Science, Seattle, WA98104
| | - Heather Demarest
- Department of Philosophy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Anirudh Prabhu
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC20015
| | | | - Robert M. Hazen
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC20015
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Grunewald K, Deng J, Wertz J, Schweizer S. The effect of online social evaluation on mood and cognition in young people. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20999. [PMID: 36470961 PMCID: PMC9723113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterised by increased peer interactions and heightened sensitivity to evaluation by peers. Increasingly, social interactions and evaluation happen in online contexts. Yet, little is known about the impact of online social interactions and evaluation on adolescent emotional and cognitive functioning. The present study examined the impact of online social evaluative threat on young people's mood and learning and whether this varied as a function of known offline social risk and protective factors. 255 participants completed a perceptual learning task under online social evaluative threat and a perceptually-matched control condition. Participants were aged 11-30 years, to allow for the exploration of age differences in the impact of online social evaluative threat from adolescence to early adulthood. Participants reported a greater increase in negative mood (self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, and anhedonia), following social evaluative threat compared to the control condition. Heightened social rejection sensitivity (measured using the Online and Offline Social Sensitivity Scale) and lower perceived social support (measured using the Schuster Social Support Scale) were associated with elevated negative mood across the study. Social evaluative threat adversely impacted overall accuracy on the perceptual matching task, but not learning. These findings provide preliminary evidence that online social evaluative threat impacts adolescent mood and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Grunewald
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica Deng
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jasmin Wertz
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Bozzola E, Spina G, Agostiniani R, Barni S, Russo R, Scarpato E, Di Mauro A, Di Stefano AV, Caruso C, Corsello G, Staiano A. The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169960. [PMID: 36011593 PMCID: PMC9407706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, social media has become part of our lives, even among children. From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic period, media device and Internet access rapidly increased. Adolescents connected Internet alone, consulting social media, mostly Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. During "lockdown", the Internet usage allowed communication with peers and the continuity activities such as school teaching. However, we have to keep in mind that media usage may be related to some adverse consequences especially in the most vulnerable people, such as the young. Aim of the review is to focus on risks correlated to social media use by children and adolescents, identifying spies of rising problems and engaging in preventive recommendations. The scoping review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, searching on PubMed the terms "social media" or "social network", "health", and "pediatrics". Excluding articles not pertinent, we found 68 reports. Out of them, 19 were dealing with depression, 15 with diet, and 15 with psychological problems, which appeared to be the most reported risk of social media use. Other identified associated problems were sleep, addiction, anxiety, sex related issues, behavioral problems, body image, physical activity, online grooming, sight, headache, and dental caries. Public and medical awareness must rise over this topic and new prevention measures must be found, starting with health practitioners, caregivers, and websites/application developers. Pediatricians should be aware of the risks associated to a problematic social media use for the young's health and identify sentinel signs in children as well as prevent negative outcomes in accordance with the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bozzola
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Spina
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Agostiniani
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, San Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Sarah Barni
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Russo
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Scarpato
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Corsello
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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Brannigan R, Gil-Hernández CJ, McEvoy O, Cronin F, Stanistreet D, Layte R. Digital engagement and its association with adverse psychiatric symptoms: A longitudinal cohort study utilizing latent class analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Svensson R, Johnson B, Olsson A. Does gender matter? The association between different digital media activities and adolescent well-being. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:273. [PMID: 35144587 PMCID: PMC8832746 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research on the relationship between social media use and well-being in adolescents has yielded inconsistent results. We addressed this issue by examining the association between various digital media activities, including a new and differentiated measure of social media use, and well-being (internalizing symptoms) in adolescent boys and girls. Method The sample was drawn from the four cross-sectional surveys from the Öckerö project (2016–2019) in eight municipalities in southern Sweden, consisting of 3957 adolescents in year 7 of compulsory education, aged 12–13. We measured the following digital media activities: playing games and three different activities of social media use (chatting, online sociability, and self-presentation). Our outcome measure was internalizing symptoms. Hypotheses were tested with linear regression analysis. Results Social media use and playing games were positively associated with internalizing symptoms. The effect of social media use was conditional on gender, indicating that social media use was only associated with internalizing symptoms for girls. Of the social media activities, only chatting and self-presentation (posting information about themselves) were positively associated with internalizing symptoms. Self-presentation was associated with internalizing symptoms only for girls. Conclusion Our study shows the importance of research going beyond studying the time spent on social media to examine how different kinds of social media activities are associated with well-being. Consistent with research in psychology, our results suggest that young girls posting information about themselves (i.e. self-presentation) might be especially vulnerable to display internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Svensson
- Department of Criminology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Björn Johnson
- Department of Social Work, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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