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Wu D, Fedorov Kukk A, Panzer R, Emmert S, Roth B. In vivo Raman spectroscopic and fluorescence study of suspected melanocytic lesions and surrounding healthy skin. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400050. [PMID: 38932707 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer and noninvasively distinguishing it from benign tumor is a major challenge. Raman spectroscopic measurements were conducted on 65 suspected melanocytic lesions and surrounding healthy skin from 47 patients. Compared to the spectra of healthy skin, spectra of melanocytic lesions exhibited lower intensities in carotenoid bands and higher intensities in lipid and melanin bands, suggesting similar variations in the content of these components. Distinct variations were observed among the autofluorescence intensities of healthy skin, benign nevi and malignant melanoma. By incorporating autofluorescence information, the classification accuracy of the support vector machine for spectra of healthy skin, nevi, and melanoma reached 90.2%, surpassing the 87.9% accuracy achieved without autofluorescence, with this difference being statistically significant. These findings indicate the diagnostic value of autofluorescence intensity, which reflect differences in fluorophore content, chemical composition, and structure among healthy skin, nevi, and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anatoly Fedorov Kukk
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernhard Roth
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Mitsaki KS, Apalla Z, Lazaridou E, Lallas K, Lallas A. Risk factors of lentigo maligna as compared to other melanoma subtypes. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:e157-e162. [PMID: 38419346 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentigo maligna (LM) exhibits a particular epidemiological profile compared to other histopathologic subtypes of melanoma, with a propensity for the head and neck area and a higher mean age at diagnosis. Few small-scale studies have exclusively evaluated the risk factors for the development of LM. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare LM to other histological subtypes of melanoma for the prevalence of known melanoma risk factors, including pigmentary characteristics, history of occupational sun exposure, nevus count, and familial melanoma history. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 152 patients with LM and 784 patients with other melanoma subtypes (OM). The Mann-Whitney t-test and Pearson chi-squared test were used to detect differences between the two groups in continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were then constructed to identify risk factors for developing LM compared to other melanoma subtypes. RESULTS In multivariate logistic regression analysis, LM was positively associated with a lentigines count >50 and occupational sun exposure compared to OM (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35-3.29 and OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.33-3.57, respectively). In contrast, patients with an increased nevus count and fair or medium skin color were less likely to develop LM than OM (OR 0.93, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.91-0.94, and OR 0.28, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.17-0.46, respectively). In univariate analysis, LM exhibited a weaker association with all pigmentary traits than OM. No significant associations were found for atypical nevi count and family history. CONCLUSION We found significant differences in the prevalence of known melanoma risk factors between LM and other melanoma subtypes, which supports the hypothesis of a distinct pathogenetic pathway of LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Stefania Mitsaki
- First Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Lazaridou
- Second Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Lallas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Taylor MM, Nelson KC, Dimitriou F. Skin Cancer Precursors: From Cancer Genomics to Early Diagnosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:851-868. [PMID: 38782646 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancers, including melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas, are responsible for increasing health care burden internationally. Risk stratification and early detection are paramount for prevention and less risky treatment to overall improve patient outcomes and disease morbidity. Here, the authors discuss the key concepts leading to skin cancer initiation and progression. The authors also outline precursor and progression models for melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas, including discussion of genetic alterations associated with the various stages of progression. Finally, the authors discuss the significance of immunoediting and the drivers behind increased risk of cutaneous malignancy in the state of immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M Taylor
- John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1452, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kelly C Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1452, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Florentia Dimitriou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1484, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Liu J, Mei L, Yu J, Feng G, Zeng Y, Xu X, Wang X, Wang Y. Epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization burden analysis of pediatric inpatients with melanocytic nevi in China from 2016 to 2021: A nationwide retrospective study of 13,396 cases. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 95:62-72. [PMID: 38879936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocytic nevi typically appear in early childhood, and their removal is a common plastic surgery procedure performed on children. However, the epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization burden of children with melanocytic nevi have rarely been described in detail. METHODS Medical records of pediatric inpatients with melanocytic nevi from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, were collected from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development database in China. We then extracted and statistically analyzed the relevant information, including demographic characteristics, clinical information, hospitalization burden, and other basic information for each inpatient. RESULTS Among the 13,396 inpatients with melanocytic nevi, the highest number of cases was found in East China, and most patients were residents of urban areas. Most hospitalized patients consisted of boys aged 7-12 years with melanocytic nevi. Lesion sites in the buttocks and lower limbs were most common among pediatric inpatients with melanocytic nevi. Compound nevi were the most common (38.50 %) histological subtype and the rate of conversion into melanoma was 1.02 % (137 inpatients) among pediatric inpatients with melanocytic nevi. The hospitalization burden for patients varied significantly based on factors such as the age of the patients undergoing surgery, year of hospitalization, site of the lesion, histological subtype, and surgical method. In general, if the patients' age was under 1 year, lesion site was located in face, and there was a need for excision combined with tissue expander can significantly increase the treatment fees for pediatric inpatients with melanocytic nevi. CONCLUSION Given the increasing number and relatively large hospitalization burden among children with melanocytic nevi hospitalized in China, the government needs to pay more attention to this group and provide corresponding economic and policy support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yueping Zeng
- Medical Record Management Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Information Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
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Tan S, Hu H, Li G, Zhao J, Wu D. Prevalence, incidence density and standardized morbidity rate of melanoma among patients with congenital melanocytic naevi: a systematic review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:765-773. [PMID: 38380707 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) are the result of aberrations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. The risk of melanoma is the most important concern among patients with CMN because of its poor prognosis. However, as a result of the great variability between studies, the reported risk of melanoma varies considerably, making it difficult to provide reliable information. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence, incidence density and standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) of melanoma among patients with CMN. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of studies providing data on the risk of melanoma in patients with CMN following our registered and published protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022383009). RESULTS Overall, 27 studies with a total of 11 480 patients with CMN and 82 patients developing melanoma were included for analysis. The prevalence of melanoma was 1.84% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-2.99] in patients with CMN and 2.73% (95% CI 1.67-4.43) in the subgroup of patients with large CMN (LCMN). The incidence of melanoma was 237.56 (95% CI 97.79-575.96) per 100 000 person-years in patients with CMN and 585.73 (95% CI 315.39-1085.29) per 100 000 person-years in the LCMN subgroup. The SMR of melanoma was 122.27 (95% CI 11.84-1262.88) among all patients with CMN and 285.97 (95% CI 50.65-1614.59) in the subgroup of patients with LCMN. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that the risk of melanoma in the CMN population seems to have been overestimated in previous studies, but it is still significantly higher than that in the general population. In addition to the risk of melanoma, aesthetic improvement and mental health should also be taken into account when making management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Tan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- United Laboratory of Frontier Radiotherapy Technology of Sur Yat-sen University and Chinese Academy of Sciences lon Medical Technology Co, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
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Climstein M, Hudson J, Stapelberg M, Miller IJ, Rosic N, Coxon P, Furness J, Walsh J. Patients poorly recognize lesions of concern that are malignant melanomas: is self-screening the correct advice? PeerJ 2024; 12:e17674. [PMID: 38974412 PMCID: PMC11227272 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Australia is known for its outdoor culture, with a large percentage of its population engaging in outdoor recreational activities, aquatic, non-aquatic and outdoor occupational activities. However, these outdoor enthusiasts face increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), leading to a higher risk of skin cancer, including malignant melanoma (MM). Over the past 40 years, there has been a significant rise in skin cancer rates in Australia, with two out of three Australians expected to develop some form of skin cancer by age 70. Currently, skin cancer examinations are not endorsed in asymptomatic or low-risk individuals in Australia, with only high-risk individuals recommended to undergo regular skin examinations. Notably, the Melanoma Institute Australia suggests that one-half of patients identify MMs themselves, although this claim appears to be based on limited Australian data which may not reflect contemporary practice. Therefore this study sought to determine the percentage of patients who were able to self-identify MMs as lesions of concern when presenting for a skin cancer examination. Methods Multi-site, cross-sectional study design incorporating a descriptive survey and total body skin cancer screening, including artificial intelligence by a skin cancer doctor. Results A total of 260 participants with suspect MM lesions were biopsied, with 83 (31.9%) found to be melanomas. Of the true positive MMs only a small percentage of participants (21.7% specificity) correctly had concerns about the suspect lesion being a MM. These MMs were located primarily on the back (44.4%), shoulder (11.1%) and upper leg (11.1%). There was no significant difference in the size between those participants aware of a MM versus those who were not (P = 0.824, 24.6 vs 23.4 mm2). Significantly more males identified lesions of concern that were MMs as compared to females (P = 0.008, 61.1% vs 38.9%, respectively). With regard to true negatives males and females were similar (52.1% vs 47.9%, respectively). With regard to false negatives (n = 65), a greater percentage of males than females did not recognize the MM as a lesion of concern (66.2% vs 33.8%, respectively). Participants were more likely to correctly identify an invasive MM as opposed to an in situ MM (27.3% versus 21.3%). Conclusions Only a small percentage of participants in this study were able to self-identify either in situ or invasive MM as a lesion of concern with a tendency to identify the more advanced, thicker MMs. Given that MM is associated with a high mortality and cost of treatment, particularly when invasive, the inability of lay persons to identify these cancerous lesions will likely lead to delayed treatment and a possible adverse outcome. We believe the current melanoma screening practices in Australian general practice should be revisited to improve patient outcomes with regard to MM. Additionally, prevention campaigns should include images and primary risk factors for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Climstein
- Aquatic Based Research, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Clinical and Health Services Research Group, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia
| | - Jeremy Hudson
- Aquatic Based Research, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael Stapelberg
- Aquatic Based Research, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia
- John Flynn Specialist Centre, Tugan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian J. Miller
- Aquatic Based Research, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia
- John Flynn Specialist Centre, Tugan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nedeljka Rosic
- Aquatic Based Research, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Qld, Australia
| | - Paul Coxon
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia
| | - Joe Walsh
- Sports Science Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- AI Consulting Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sinha A, Kawahara J, Pakzad A, Abhishek K, Ruthven M, Ghorbel E, Kacem A, Aouada D, Hamarneh G. DermSynth3D: Synthesis of in-the-wild annotated dermatology images. Med Image Anal 2024; 95:103145. [PMID: 38615432 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, deep learning (DL) has shown great potential in the field of dermatological image analysis. However, existing datasets in this domain have significant limitations, including a small number of image samples, limited disease conditions, insufficient annotations, and non-standardized image acquisitions. To address these shortcomings, we propose a novel framework called DermSynth3D. DermSynth3D blends skin disease patterns onto 3D textured meshes of human subjects using a differentiable renderer and generates 2D images from various camera viewpoints under chosen lighting conditions in diverse background scenes. Our method adheres to top-down rules that constrain the blending and rendering process to create 2D images with skin conditions that mimic in-the-wild acquisitions, ensuring more meaningful results. The framework generates photo-realistic 2D dermatological images and the corresponding dense annotations for semantic segmentation of the skin, skin conditions, body parts, bounding boxes around lesions, depth maps, and other 3D scene parameters, such as camera position and lighting conditions. DermSynth3D allows for the creation of custom datasets for various dermatology tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of data generated using DermSynth3D by training DL models on synthetic data and evaluating them on various dermatology tasks using real 2D dermatological images. We make our code publicly available at https://github.com/sfu-mial/DermSynth3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sinha
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeremy Kawahara
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Arezou Pakzad
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruthven
- Computer Vision, Imaging & Machine Intelligence Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg
| | - Enjie Ghorbel
- Computer Vision, Imaging & Machine Intelligence Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg; Cristal Laboratory, National School of Computer Sciences, University of Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
| | - Anis Kacem
- Computer Vision, Imaging & Machine Intelligence Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg
| | - Djamila Aouada
- Computer Vision, Imaging & Machine Intelligence Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855, Luxembourg
| | - Ghassan Hamarneh
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Levati L, Alotto M, Ricci F, D'Atri S. The potential impact of dietary choices on melanoma risk: an anti-inflammatory diet. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:9. [PMID: 38783228 PMCID: PMC11119307 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the aetiology of cancer is recognized. However, no study yet examined the association between an anti-inflammatory diet and cutaneous melanoma and explored whether it could be modified by genetic variations in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in inflammation. A case-control study was conducted in the IDI-IRCCS hospital in Rome, Italy with 273 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma and 269 controls frequency matched to cases. Information on socio-demographic and pigmentary characteristics, medical history, sun exposure and dietary habits were collected for all subjects. The - 765G > C polymorphism was identified in DNA extracted from blood samples. An anti-inflammatory diet score was created. Logistic regression models were fitted to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A high anti-inflammatory diet score (≥ 8 anti-inflammatory dietary items) was associated with a decreased risk of cutaneous melanoma (OR: 0.29; 95%CI: 0.17-0.49, Ptrend < 0.0001) after adjusting for sex, age, education, number of common nevi, skin photo-type, solar lentigines and sunburns in childhood. COX-2 -765 G > C polymorphism was not an independent risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. Although interaction between - 765G > C genotypes and anti-inflammatory diet score was not statistically significant (p = 0.25), when stratified by -765 G > C genotypes the effect of the anti-inflammatory diet was slightly more pronounced for participants carrying - 765GG (OR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.06-0.47, Ptrend < 0.001). Our study findings suggest that adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with a decreased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. These results suggest the potential impact of dietary choices on melanoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fortes
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, Roma, 00167, Italy.
| | - Simona Mastroeni
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Alotto
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, Roma, 00167, Italy
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Gefeller O, Kaiser I, Brockmann EM, Uter W, Pfahlberg AB. The Level of Agreement between Self-Assessments and Examiner Assessments of Melanocytic Nevus Counts: Findings from an Evaluation of 4548 Double Assessments. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2221-2232. [PMID: 38668067 PMCID: PMC11048774 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a candidate for screening programs because its prognosis is excellent when diagnosed at an early disease stage. Targeted screening of those at high risk for developing CM, a cost-effective alternative to population-wide screening, requires valid procedures to identify the high-risk group. Self-assessment of the number of nevi has been suggested as a component of such procedures, but its validity has not yet been established. We analyzed the level of agreement between self-assessments and examiner assessments of the number of melanocytic nevi in the area between the wrist and the shoulder of both arms based on 4548 study subjects in whom mutually blinded double counting of nevi was performed. Nevus counting followed the IARC protocol. Study subjects received written instructions, photographs, a mirror, and a "nevometer" to support self-assessment of nevi larger than 2 mm. Nevus counts were categorized based on the quintiles of the distribution into five levels, defining a nevus score. Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient (κ) was estimated to measure the level of agreement. In the total sample, the agreement between self-assessments and examiner assessments was moderate (weighted κ = 0.596). Self-assessed nevus counts were higher than those determined by trained examiners (mean difference: 3.33 nevi). The level of agreement was independent of sociodemographic and cutaneous factors; however, participants' eye color had a significant impact on the level of agreement. Our findings show that even with comprehensive guidance, only a moderate level of agreement between self-assessed and examiner-assessed nevus counts can be achieved. Self-assessed nevus information does not appear to be reliable enough to be used in individual risk assessment to target screening activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.K.); (W.U.); (A.B.P.)
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10
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Brozek W, Clemens P, Ulmer H, Häring N, Concin H, Zitt E, Nagel G. Evaluation of a Population-Based Targeted Screening Approach for Skin Cancer with Long-Time Follow-Up in Austria including Potential Effects on Melanoma Mortality. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1283. [PMID: 38610961 PMCID: PMC11011036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND whether screening for skin cancer affects melanoma-specific mortality in a population-based setting remains unclear. METHODS in this population-based cohort study, we characterized and evaluated a skin cancer prevention program following a targeted screening approach conducted in 1989-1994 in the Austrian province Vorarlberg, with follow-up until 2019. The general population and attendees of a health examination program served for comparison. RESULTS in the screening program including full follow-up until 2019, 207 invasive and 187 in situ melanomas were identified in 8997 individuals. Incidences of invasive and in situ melanomas were elevated compared to the general population (IRR 2.92, 95%-CI 2.49-3.41, and IRR 4.13, 95%-CI 3.53-4.83, respectively) and the health examination program (HR 3.02, 95%-CI 2.59-3.52, and HR 3.90, 95%-CI 3.30-4.61, respectively). Breslow thickness and Clark's level at time of invasive diagnosis were significantly lower in 1989-2019, but the tumor characteristics of the melanomas diagnosed during 1989-1994 did not differ from the comparison groups. Moreover, melanoma mortality was significantly elevated in the screening program (IRR 1.66, 95%-CI 1.00-2.75 vs. the general population, HR 2.12, 95%-CI 1.25-3.61 vs. the health examination cohort). Melanoma mortality in Vorarlberg declined until 2004, though statistically non-significantly. CONCLUSIONS given the uncertain effectiveness and high public expenditures of population-wide mass screening programs, primary prevention and targeted risk-based skin cancer screening might be promising alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Brozek
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; (P.C.); (H.U.); (H.C.); (E.Z.); (G.N.)
| | - Patrick Clemens
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; (P.C.); (H.U.); (H.C.); (E.Z.); (G.N.)
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; (P.C.); (H.U.); (H.C.); (E.Z.); (G.N.)
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Häring
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria;
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; (P.C.); (H.U.); (H.C.); (E.Z.); (G.N.)
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; (P.C.); (H.U.); (H.C.); (E.Z.); (G.N.)
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 (Nephrology, Dialysis and Hypertension), Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, 6900 Bregenz, Austria; (P.C.); (H.U.); (H.C.); (E.Z.); (G.N.)
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Katsimpris A, Antoniadis AG, Dessypris N, Karampinos K, Gogas HJ, Petridou ET. Associations of Dietary Factors with Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case-Control Study in Greece with Literature Review. Oncol Res Treat 2024; 47:206-217. [PMID: 38471487 PMCID: PMC11078323 DOI: 10.1159/000538278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been postulated that nutrition may influence the risk for cutaneous melanoma (CM); therefore, we aimed to assess the associations of food groups and individual nutrient intakes with CM in a Greek population. METHODS In this case-control study, 151 patients with histologically confirmed CM, newly diagnosed and treated in the Oncology Department of the "Laikon" University Hospital (Athens, Greece), and 151 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals residing in the Athens metropolitan area, recruited among participants for routine health examinations, were included. All participants completed a questionnaire comprising anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables. A validated, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess average consumption of 136 food items during the 12 months preceding the onset of disease. Multivariate conditional regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) regarding the association of nine food groups and seven macronutrients with CM. RESULTS Statistically significant positive associations with CM were found with higher energy intake (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.22-2.30) and intake of saturated fatty acids (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.00-5.28), after adjusting for sun sensitivity, major depression history, and alcohol intake. Inverse associations with higher intake of milk and dairy products (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.88), fruits (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.90), added lipids (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.91), and sugars and syrups (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.93) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Beyond intrinsic risk factors, our results support associations of CM with multiple food groups and nutrients; if confirmed by prospective studies, these findings can add further knowledge about this fatal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonios G. Antoniadis
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Nick Dessypris
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karampinos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Helen J. Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Eleni T. Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
- Hellenic Society for Social Pediatrics and Health Promotion, Athens, Greece
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12
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Koizumi S, Inozume T, Nakamura Y. Current surgical management for melanoma. J Dermatol 2024; 51:312-323. [PMID: 38149725 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a major malignant cutaneous neoplasm with a high mortality rate. In recent years, the treatment of melanoma has developed dramatically with the invention of new therapeutic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular-targeted agents. These agents are available as adjuvant therapies for postoperative patients with stage IIB, IIC, and III melanomas. Furthermore, neoadjuvant therapy has been studied in several global clinical trials and has demonstrated promising and favorable clinical efficacy, mainly in patients with palpable regional lymph nodes. A recent large phase III clinical trial investigating early lymph node dissection for sentinel lymph node metastases demonstrated no survival benefits. Based on these data, surgery should be reconsidered as an appropriate treatment modality for melanoma. The need for invasive surgical procedures will be reduced with the invention of effective adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies and novel clinical trial data on regional lymph node dissection. However, surgery still plays an important role in treating early-stage melanoma, accurately determining the disease stage, and effective palliative treatment for advanced melanoma. In this article, we focus on surgery for primary tumors, regional lymph nodes, and metastatic sites in an era of remarkably revolutionary drug treatments for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Koizumi
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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13
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Wunderlich K, Suppa M, Gandini S, Lipski J, White JM, Del Marmol V. Risk Factors and Innovations in Risk Assessment for Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1016. [PMID: 38473375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is preventable. Various risk factors contribute to different types of skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These risk factors encompass both extrinsic, such as UV exposure and behavioral components, and intrinsic factors, especially involving genetic predisposition. However, the specific risk factors vary among the skin cancer types, highlighting the importance of precise knowledge to facilitate appropriate early diagnosis and treatment for at-risk individuals. Better understanding of the individual risk factors has led to the development of risk scores, allowing the identification of individuals at particularly high risk. These advances contribute to improved prevention strategies, emphasizing the commitment to mitigating the impact of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wunderlich
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Institute Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - J Lipski
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J M White
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Institute Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Jang Y, Na HW, Shin DY, Lee J, Han JP, Kim HS, Kim SJ, Choi EJ, Lee C, Hong YD, Kim HJ, Seo YR. Integrative analysis of RNA-sequencing and microarray for the identification of adverse effects of UVB exposure on human skin. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1328089. [PMID: 38444441 PMCID: PMC10913594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1328089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet B (UVB) from sunlight represents a major environmental factor that causes toxic effects resulting in structural and functional cutaneous abnormalities in most living organisms. Although numerous studies have indicated the biological mechanisms linking UVB exposure and cutaneous manifestations, they have typically originated from a single study performed under limited conditions. Methods We accessed all publicly accessible expression data of various skin cell types exposed to UVB, including skin biopsies, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. We performed biological network analysis to identify the molecular mechanisms and identify genetic biomarkers. Results We interpreted the inflammatory response and carcinogenesis as major UVB-induced signaling alternations and identified three candidate biomarkers (IL1B, CCL2, and LIF). Moreover, we confirmed that these three biomarkers contribute to the survival probability of patients with cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer. Conclusion Our findings will aid the understanding of UVB-induced cutaneous toxicity and the accompanying molecular mechanisms. In addition, the three candidate biomarkers that change molecular signals due to UVB exposure of skin might be related to the survival rate of patients with cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Na
- Research and Innovation Center, Amorepacific, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeop Shin
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Pyo Han
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ji Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Research and Innovation Center, Amorepacific, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Research and Innovation Center, Amorepacific, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, Amorepacific, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Custer PL, Council ML. Clinical features and management of eyelid margin nevi. Orbit 2024; 43:8-15. [PMID: 36688501 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2023.2169717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acquired melanocytic nevi are common eyelid lesions; however, their clinical presentation is not well documented. METHODS In this retrospective study, clinical records were reviewed in patients evaluated between 2005 and 2022. RESULTS Eyelid margin nevi (n = 150) were more commonly excised in female (78%) and Caucasian (86%) patients. Change in appearance/size were frequent presenting complaints, and 17% experienced ocular symptoms. Referring diagnosis included other benign lesions (11.3%), and concern for malignancy (16.7%). Many individuals (38.7%) noted their lesion for ≤5 years. Nevi were distributed across the 4 margins (9% peripunctal), and 88% had a regular base. Visible pigmentation was more common in non-Caucasians (95.2%) than Caucasians (41.1%). Lashes grew through 60.7% of nevi and were often misdirected.Nevi were treated with superficial excision and cauterization. Histologic subtypes included: dermal (86.6%), compound (9.4%), blue (2.7%), junctional (0.7%), lentiginous dysplastic (0.7%). An irregular base (p=0.042) and pigmentation (p=0.056) were more common in compound than dermal nevi. Lash line quality and appearance were improved in the majority of patients returning for follow-up, although postoperative trichiasis, marginal erythema, and residual pigmentation were observed. CONCLUSIONS Melanocytic nevi commonly involve the eyelid margins and have a variety of presentations and appearances. Existing nevi can change, and new lesions appear throughout adulthood. Stable, benign appearing nevi can be observed. Shave excision provides a diagnosis and improved appearance for symptomatic or suspicious lesions, with few serious complications. Malignant transformation is rare, although evidence for recurrence warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Custer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Laurin Council
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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van Doorn R. Multiple primary melanoma: risk factors -reviewed. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:141-142. [PMID: 37713632 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Remco van Doorn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Leiden , the Netherlands
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam , the Netherlands
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17
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Cantisani C, Ambrosio L, Annessi E, Longo C, Farnetani F, Pezzini C, Condorelli A, Annessi G, Bonetti LR, Guida S, Cota C, Tammaro A, Chello C, Pellacani G. Dermoscopic, Histological, Confocal Microscopy Correlation of Atypical-Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevi. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1401a36. [PMID: 38364391 PMCID: PMC10868881 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1401a36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term "atypical melanocytic nevus" (AMN) is used as a synonym for dysplastic nevus (DN) in clinical practice. Although the criteria for diagnosis of AMN/DN by the Agency for Research on Cancer helps to differentiate AMN/DN from common acquired nevi, they do not have high degrees of specificity, as they are similar to those used for the diagnosis of melanoma. OBJECTIVES In this retrospective study we evaluated the correlation and diagnostic concordance of dermoscopy, confocal microscopy, and histological examination in 50 AMN. METHODS A graded scale was used to compare histological examination with dermoscopy and confocal microscopy. Low magnification histological images of only the central part of lesions were examined. This allowed histological diagnoses based almost exclusively on architectural criteria instead of simultaneously architectural and cytological, as in the global histological examination. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy and confocal microscopy diagnosis of the clinical aspects of AMN/DN as nevi or melanomas tends to be equivalent, being fair for nevi and excellent for melanomas. The total percentage of AMN suggested that the accuracy of confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of melanoma (86.7%) is greater than that of dermoscopy (73.3%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that diagnostic assessments of AMN/DN by dermoscopy and confocal microscopy are accurate and often coincide with those of histological examination and that their combined use helps to better manage and monitor these patients by facilitating early detection of melanomas and reducing unnecessary excisions of benign melanocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cantisani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Annessi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Longo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Pezzini
- Dermatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Annessi
- Dermatopathology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic Clinic and Public Health Medicine University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- School of medicine Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Dermatology Clinic, IRCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research Molecular Biology and Dermopathology Unit San Gallicano Dermatology Unit, IRCCS, Rome Italy
| | - Antonella Tammaro
- NESMOS Dermatology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Chello
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Khalid M, Sutterfield B, Minley K, Ottwell R, Abercrombie M, Heath C, Torgerson T, Hartwell M, Vassar M. The Reporting and Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Underpinning Clinical Practice Guidelines Focused on the Management of Cutaneous Melanoma: Cross-Sectional Analysis. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2023; 6:e43821. [PMID: 38060306 PMCID: PMC10739238 DOI: 10.2196/43821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) inform evidence-based decision-making in the clinical setting; however, systematic reviews (SRs) that inform these CPGs may vary in terms of reporting and methodological quality, which affects confidence in summary effect estimates. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to appraise the methodological and reporting quality of the SRs used in CPGs for cutaneous melanoma and evaluate differences in these outcomes between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis by searching PubMed for cutaneous melanoma guidelines published between January 1, 2015, and May 21, 2021. Next, we extracted SRs composing these guidelines and appraised their reporting and methodological rigor using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) checklists. Lastly, we compared these outcomes between Cochrane and non-Cochrane SRs. All screening and data extraction occurred in a masked, duplicate fashion. RESULTS Of the SRs appraised, the mean completion rate was 66.5% (SD 12.29%) for the PRISMA checklist and 44.5% (SD 21.05%) for AMSTAR. The majority of SRs (19/50, 53%) were of critically low methodological quality, with no SRs being appraised as high quality. There was a statistically significant association (P<.001) between AMSTAR and PRISMA checklists. Cochrane SRs had higher PRISMA mean completion rates and higher methodological quality than non-Cochrane SRs. CONCLUSIONS SRs supporting CPGs focused on the management of cutaneous melanoma vary in reporting and methodological quality, with the majority of SRs being of low quality. Increasing adherence to PRISMA and AMSTAR checklists will likely increase the quality of SRs, thereby increasing the level of evidence supporting cutaneous melanoma CPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Khalid
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Bethany Sutterfield
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kirstien Minley
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Ryan Ottwell
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - McKenna Abercrombie
- Dermatology Residency, Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Christopher Heath
- Dermatology Residency, Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Trevor Torgerson
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Micah Hartwell
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Matt Vassar
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Leachman SA, Latour E, Detweiler-Bedell B, Detweiler-Bedell JB, Zell A, Wenzel E, Stoos E, Nelson JH, Wiedrick J, Berry EG, Lange J, Etzioni R, Lapidus JA. Melanoma literacy among the general population of three western US states. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:481-500. [PMID: 37574711 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a significant cause of cancer death, despite being detectable without specialized or invasive technologies. Understanding barriers to preventive behaviors such as skin self-examination (SSE) could help to define interventions for increasing the frequency of early detection. To determine melanoma knowledge and beliefs across three high-incidence US states, 15,000 surveys were sent to a population-representative sample. We aimed to assess (1) melanoma literacy (i.e., knowledge about melanoma risks, attitudes, and preventive behaviors) and (2) self-reported SSE and its association with melanoma literacy, self-efficacy, and belief in the benefits of SSE. Of 2326 respondents, only 21.2% provided responses indicating high knowledge of melanoma, and 62.8% reported performing an SSE at any time in their lives. Only 38.3% and 7.3% reported being "fairly" or "very" confident about doing SSE, respectively. SSE performance among respondents was most strongly associated with higher melanoma knowledge, higher self-efficacy, and personal history of melanoma. Melanoma literacy among survey respondents was modest, with greater literacy associated with a higher likelihood of reported preventive behavior. This assessment establishes a baseline and provides guidance for public health campaigns designed to increase prevention and early detection of this lethal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Melanoma & Skin Cancer Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Emile Latour
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Adrienne Zell
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wenzel
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stoos
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Melanoma & Skin Cancer Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jacob H Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jack Wiedrick
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University (OHSU-PSU) School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Berry
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Melanoma & Skin Cancer Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jane Lange
- Melanoma & Skin Cancer Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Center for Early Detection Advanced Research, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ruth Etzioni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jodi A Lapidus
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University (OHSU-PSU) School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
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20
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Thompson LJ, Furmanchuk A, Liszewski W, Kho A, West DP, Liebovitz DM, Nardone B, Gerami P. Machine learning identification of patient clusters for cutaneous melanoma. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2023; 158:388-394. [PMID: 37750845 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.23.07631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is a cancer arising in melanocyte skin cells and is the deadliest form of skin cancer worldwide. Although some risk factors are known, accurate prediction of disease progression and probability for metastasis are difficult to ascertain, given the complexity of the disease and the absence of reliable predictive markers. Since early detection and treatment are essential to enhance survival, this study utilizing machine learning (ML) aims to further delineate additional risk factors associated with cutaneous melanoma. METHODS A Bayesian Gaussian Mixture ML model was created with data from 2056 patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and then used to group the patients into six Clusters based on a Silhouette Score analysis. A t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) model was used to visualize the six Clusters. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that Cluster 4 showed a significantly higher rate of metastatic disease, as well as higher Breslow depth at diagnosis, compared to the other five Clusters. Compared to the other five Clusters, patients represented in Cluster 4 also had lower healthcare utilization, fewer dermatology clinic visits, fewer primary care providers, and less frequent colonoscopies and mammograms, and were more likely to smoke and less likely to have a prior diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers gaps in healthcare utilization of services among patient groups with cutaneous melanoma as well as possible implications for management of disease progression. Data-driven analyses emphasize the importance of routine clinic visits to dermatologists and/or primary care physicians (PCPs) for early detection and management of cutaneous melanoma. The findings from this study demonstrate that unsupervised ML methodology may serve to define the best candidate patients to benefit from enhanced dermatology/primary care which, in turn, is expected to improve outcomes for cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo J Thompson
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Al'ona Furmanchuk
- Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Walter Liszewski
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abel Kho
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dennis P West
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M Liebovitz
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Beatrice Nardone
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA -
- Institute for Augmented Intelligence in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine (General Internal Medicine), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Izol Özmen H. Publication Trends and Hot Topics in Dysplastic Nevus Research: A 30-Year Bibliometric Analysis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:dpc.1304a266. [PMID: 37992349 PMCID: PMC10656159 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1304a266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysplastic nevi are pigmented lesions that exhibit clinical and histological features of both common nevi and melanoma. In recent years, there has been an increase in publications on dysplastic nevi. Bibliometric analysis is a method of evaluating trends in large number of publications and identifying popular topics. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the landscape of publications related to dysplastic nevi, visualize trends and identify popular topics in the literature. METHODS Thomson Reuters' Web of Science database was searched with the following query in title, abstract or keywords: TS = ("dysplastic nevus" OR "clark nevus" OR "atypical nevus" OR "dysplastic nevi" OR "clark nevi" OR "atypical nevi"). Time span was set to 1992-2022. Document type was set to Article. Titles, authors, abstracts, institutions, countries, journals, references, and the citation information were recorded. RESULTS Although the number of publications has declined over time, the USA remains the leading contributor to published articles. Key clusters of frequently used keywords were identified. The Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology had the highest number of published titles. Country and journal analysis were supplemented by co-citation and co-cited reference cluster analysis. Burst analyses revealed authors like Kittler, Argenziano, and Gandini as significant contributors, with their works receiving strong citation bursts extending until the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS This bibliometric analysis revealed trends and interest pockets in the literature pertaining to dysplastic nevi and melanoma. This study aids in understanding the current research landscape and highlights potential future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Izol Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Wong CK, Dite GS, Spaeth E, Murphy NM, Allman R. Melanoma risk prediction based on a polygenic risk score and clinical risk factors. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:293-299. [PMID: 37096571 PMCID: PMC10309112 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the Western world: third in Australia, fifth in the USA and sixth in the European Union. Predicting an individual's personal risk of developing melanoma may aid them in undertaking effective risk reduction measures. The objective of this study was to use the UK Biobank to predict the 10-year risk of melanoma using a newly developed polygenic risk score (PRS) and an existing clinical risk model. We developed the PRS using a matched case-control training dataset ( N = 16 434) in which age and sex were controlled by design. The combined risk score was developed using a cohort development dataset ( N = 54 799) and its performance was tested using a cohort testing dataset ( N = 54 798). Our PRS comprises 68 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.639 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.618-0.661]. In the cohort testing data, the hazard ratio per SD of the combined risk score was 1.332 (95% CI = 1.263-1.406). Harrell's C-index was 0.685 (95% CI = 0.654-0.715). Overall, the standardized incidence ratio was 1.193 (95% CI = 1.067-1.335). By combining a PRS and a clinical risk score, we have developed a risk prediction model that performs well in terms of discrimination and calibration. At an individual level, information on the 10-year risk of melanoma can motivate people to take risk-reduction action. At the population level, risk stratification can allow more effective population-level screening strategies to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erika Spaeth
- Phenogen Sciences Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Roccuzzo G, Giordano S, Granato T, Cavallo F, Mastorino L, Avallone G, Pasini B, Quaglino P, Ribero S. Phenotypic and Dermoscopic Patterns of Familial Melanocytic Lesions: A Pilot Study in a Third-Level Center. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3772. [PMID: 37568588 PMCID: PMC10416987 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer. It is estimated that 5% to 10% of the underlying mutations are hereditary and responsible for familial (or hereditary) melanoma. These patients are prone to the early development and higher risk of multiple melanomas. In recent years, an increasing number of genes have been identified thanks to genetic testing, allowing the subsequent surveillance of individuals at risk, yet it is still difficult to predict the presence of these mutations on a clinical basis. In this scenario, specific phenotypic and dermoscopic features could help clinicians in their identification. The aim of this work has been to correlate mutations to prevalent dermoscopic patterns, paving the way for reference models useful in clinical practice. In our cohort, out of 115 patients referred to genetic counseling for melanoma, 25 tested positive (21.7%) for critical mutations: CDKN2A (n = 12), MITF (n = 3), BAP1 (n = 1), MC1R (n = 3), PTEN (n = 1), TYR (n = 2), OCA2 (n = 1), and SLC45A2 (n = 2). The phenotype profiles obtained through the digital acquisition, analysis, and description of both benign and malignant pigmented lesions showed a predominance of the type II skin phenotype, with an elevated mean total nevus number (182 moles, range 75-390). As for dermoscopic features, specific mutation-related patterns were described in terms of pigmentation, areas of regression, and vascular structures. Although further studies with larger cohorts are needed, our work represents the beginning of a new approach to the study and diagnosis of familial melanoma, underlining the importance of clinical and dermoscopic patterns, which may constitute a reference model for each gene, enabling comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Thomas Granato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Avallone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOU ‘Città Della Salute e Della Scienza’-‘Molinette’ Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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24
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Long GV, Swetter SM, Menzies AM, Gershenwald JE, Scolyer RA. Cutaneous melanoma. Lancet 2023:S0140-6736(23)00821-8. [PMID: 37499671 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a malignancy arising from melanocytes of the skin. Incidence rates are rising, particularly in White populations. Cutaneous melanoma is typically driven by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from natural sunlight and indoor tanning, although there are several subtypes that are not related to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Primary melanomas are often darkly pigmented, but can be amelanotic, with diagnosis based on a combination of clinical and histopathological findings. Primary melanoma is treated with wide excision, with margins determined by tumour thickness. Further treatment depends on the disease stage (following histopathological examination and, where appropriate, sentinel lymph node biopsy) and can include surgery, checkpoint immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or radiotherapy. Systemic drug therapies are recommended as an adjunct to surgery in patients with resectable locoregional metastases and are the mainstay of treatment in advanced melanoma. Management of advanced melanoma is complex, particularly in those with cerebral metastasis. Multidisciplinary care is essential. Systemic drug therapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have substantially increased melanoma survival following a series of landmark approvals from 2011 onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology and Pigmented Lesion and Melanoma Program, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Lallas A. Which patients with melanoma are a priority for monitoring to detect new primary melanoma? Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:e3. [PMID: 37067919 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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26
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Sun X, Zhang J, Hu J, Han Q, Ge Z. LSM2 is associated with a poor prognosis and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in skin cutaneous melanoma. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:129. [PMID: 37312186 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is an extremely malignant tumor that is associated with a poor prognosis. LSM2 has been found to be related to different types of tumors; however, its role in SKCM is poorly defined. We aimed to determine the value of LSM2 as a prognostic biomarker for SKCM. METHODS The expression profile of LSM2 mRNA was compared between tumor and normal tissues in public databases, such as TCGA, GEO, and BioGPS. LSM2 protein expression was explored using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a tissue microarray containing 44 SKCM tissues and 8 normal samples collected at our center. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of LSM2 expression in patients with SKCM. SKCM cell lines with LSM2 knockdown were used to determine the effects of LSM2. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and colony formation assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation, whereas wound healing and transwell assays were carried out to assess the migration and invasion abilities of SKCM cells. RESULTS LSM2 was more highly expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in SKCM than that in normal skin. Moreover, elevated expression of LSM2 was associated with shorter survival time and early recurrence in patients with SKCM. The in vitro results revealed that the silencing of LSM2 in SKCM cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION Overall, LSM2 contributes to malignant status and poor prognosis in patients with SKCM and may be identified as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingdong Han
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zili Ge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Clabbers JMK, Van Doorn R, Kukutsch NA. Turner Syndrome, Atypical Naevi and Multiple Melanoma: Coincidence or Causality? Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv5586. [PMID: 37144513 PMCID: PMC10171088 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M K Clabbers
- Department of Dermatology, Haga Hospital, the Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands.
| | - Remco Van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole A Kukutsch
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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28
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Kashani-Sabet M, Leachman SA, Stein JA, Arbiser JL, Berry EG, Celebi JT, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Ferris LK, Grant-Kels JM, Grossman D, Kulkarni RP, Marchetti MA, Nelson KC, Polsky D, Seiverling EV, Swetter SM, Tsao H, Verdieck-Devlaeminck A, Wei ML, Bar A, Bartlett EK, Bolognia JL, Bowles TL, Cha KB, Chu EY, Hartman RI, Hawryluk EB, Jampel RM, Karapetyan L, Kheterpal M, Lawson DH, Leming PD, Liebman TN, Ming ME, Sahni D, Savory SA, Shaikh SS, Sober AJ, Sondak VK, Spaccarelli N, Usatine RP, Venna S, Kirkwood JM. Early Detection and Prognostic Assessment of Cutaneous Melanoma: Consensus on Optimal Practice and the Role of Gene Expression Profile Testing. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:545-553. [PMID: 36920356 PMCID: PMC11225588 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Importance Therapy for advanced melanoma has transformed during the past decade, but early detection and prognostic assessment of cutaneous melanoma (CM) remain paramount goals. Best practices for screening and use of pigmented lesion evaluation tools and gene expression profile (GEP) testing in CM remain to be defined. Objective To provide consensus recommendations on optimal screening practices and prebiopsy diagnostic, postbiopsy diagnostic, and prognostic assessment of CM. Evidence Review Case scenarios were interrogated using a modified Delphi consensus method. Melanoma panelists (n = 60) were invited to vote on hypothetical scenarios via an emailed survey (n = 42), which was followed by a consensus conference (n = 51) that reviewed the literature and the rationale for survey answers. Panelists participated in a follow-up survey for final recommendations on the scenarios (n = 45). Findings The panelists reached consensus (≥70% agreement) in supporting a risk-stratified approach to melanoma screening in clinical settings and public screening events, screening personnel recommendations (self/partner, primary care provider, general dermatologist, and pigmented lesion expert), screening intervals, and acceptable appointment wait times. Participants also reached consensus that visual and dermoscopic examination are sufficient for evaluation and follow-up of melanocytic skin lesions deemed innocuous. The panelists reached consensus on interpreting reflectance confocal microscopy and some but not all results from epidermal tape stripping, but they did not reach consensus on use of certain pigmented lesion evaluation tools, such as electrical impedance spectroscopy. Regarding GEP scores, the panelists reached consensus that a low-risk prognostic GEP score should not outweigh concerning histologic features when selecting patients to undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy but did not reach consensus on imaging recommendations in the setting of a high-risk prognostic GEP score and low-risk histology and/or negative nodal status. Conclusions and Relevance For this consensus statement, panelists reached consensus on aspects of a risk-stratified approach to melanoma screening and follow-up as well as use of visual examination and dermoscopy. These findings support a practical approach to diagnosing and evaluating CM. Panelists did not reach consensus on a clearly defined role for GEP testing in clinical decision-making, citing the need for additional studies to establish the clinical use of existing GEP assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kashani-Sabet
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Departments of Dermatology and Family Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Jennifer A Stein
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Health Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth G Berry
- Departments of Dermatology and Family Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Julide T Celebi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- UA Cancer Center Skin Cancer Institute, Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Laura K Ferris
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | | | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Departments of Dermatology and Family Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Michael A Marchetti
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kelly C Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - David Polsky
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | | | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology/Pigmented Lesion and Melanoma Program, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
- Dermatology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Maria L Wei
- Dermatology Department, University of California, San Francisco
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Anna Bar
- Departments of Dermatology and Family Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Edmund K Bartlett
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jean L Bolognia
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Kelly B Cha
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rebecca I Hartman
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena B Hawryluk
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Risa M Jampel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lilit Karapetyan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Meenal Kheterpal
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David H Lawson
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Health Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Tracey N Liebman
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Michael E Ming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Stephanie A Savory
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Saba S Shaikh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur J Sober
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Suraj Venna
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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29
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Huang CY, Lin PY, Hsieh MS, Lee YH. Multiple pulmonary melanocytic naevi presenting as peribronchiolar nodules. Pathology 2023; 55:425-429. [PMID: 36229260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yen Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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30
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Collatuzzo G, Boffetta P, Dika E, Visci G, Zunarelli C, Mastroeni S, Antonelli G, Fortes C. Occupational exposure to arsenic, mercury and UV radiation and risk of melanoma: a case-control study from Italy. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:443-449. [PMID: 36378322 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is mainly caused by sunlight radiation, but other environmental risk factors are not well known. We investigated the association between cutaneous melanoma and occupational exposure to arsenic, mercury and UV radiation. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the inpatient wards of IDI-San Carlo Rome, Italy, including 304 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 305 frequency-matched controls. Detailed sociodemographic, clinical and host-related factors were collected, and all participants were physically examined using dermoscopy and following standard protocol for recording pigmented lesions. Four experts assessed exposure to arsenic, mercury and UV radiation based on occupational history. A multidimensional variable was created for each risk factor, by combining intensity and probability of exposure. Multivariable logistic regression models were run to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between exposure to these agents and melanoma. RESULTS A total of 5.4% of the cases vs 2.4% of the controls were exposed to arsenic (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.10-8.86 for high probability and high exposure to arsenic) after controlling for sex, age, smoking status, number of nevi, phototype and history of sunburns in childhood/adolescence. Occupational exposure to mercury and UV radiation was not associated with the risk of melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Subjects exposed to arsenic at the workplace may be at increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma in comparison to subjects not exposed to this agent. Further studies should be designed to investigate occupational exposure to arsenic and mercury and melanoma and confirm the findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Emi Dika
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Visci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zunarelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Mastroeni
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata Concezione, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonelli
- Dermatology Department, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata Concezione, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Fortes
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata Concezione, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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31
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Harrison SL, Buettner PG, Nowak MJ. Sun-Protective Clothing Worn Regularly during Early Childhood Reduces the Number of New Melanocytic Nevi: The North Queensland Sun-Safe Clothing Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061762. [PMID: 36980647 PMCID: PMC10046807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pigmented moles are associated with sun exposure and melanomarisk. This cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to determine if sun-protective clothing could prevent a significant proportion of the moles developing in young children (ACTRN12617000621314; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Twenty-five childcare centers in Townsville (19.25° S), Australia, were matched on shade provision and socioeconomic status. One center from each pair was randomized to the intervention arm and the other to the control arm. Children at 13 intervention centers wore study garments and legionnaire hats at childcare and received sun-protective swimwear and hats for home use, while children at the 12 control centers did not. The 1–35-month-old children (334 intervention; 210 control) were examined for moles at baseline (1999–2002) and were re-examined annually for up to 4 years. Both groups were similar at baseline. Children at intervention centers acquired fewer new moles overall (median 12.5 versus 16, p = 0.02; 0.46 versus 0.68 moles/month, p = 0.001) and fewer new moles on clothing-protected skin (6 vs. 8; p = 0.021 adjusted for confounding and cluster sampling) than controls. Intervention children had 24.3% fewer new moles overall (26.5 versus 35) and 31.6% (13 versus 19) fewer moles on clothing-protected skin than controls after 3.5 years. Sunlight’s influence on nevogenesis is mitigated when children regularly wear UPF 30-50+ clothing covering half their body, implying that increased clothing cover reduces melanoma risk. Sun-protective clothing standards should mandate reporting of the percentage of garment coverage for childrenswear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L. Harrison
- Skin Cancer Research Unit, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-423489083
| | - Petra G. Buettner
- Skin Cancer Research Unit, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns, QLD 4875, Australia
| | - Madeleine J. Nowak
- Skin Cancer Research Unit, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Lombrea A, Semenescu AD, Magyari-Pavel IZ, Turks M, Lugiņina J, Peipiņš U, Muntean D, Dehelean CA, Dinu S, Danciu C. Comparison of In Vitro Antimelanoma and Antimicrobial Activity of 2,3-Indolo-betulinic Acid and Its Glycine Conjugates. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1253. [PMID: 36986941 PMCID: PMC10058300 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most pressing problems in the developing world. New therapeutic agents that might be effective in treating malignancies that have developed resistance to conventional medications are urgently required. Semisynthesis is an essential method for improving the biological activity and the therapeutic efficacy of natural product precursors. Semisynthetic derivatives of natural compounds are valuable sources of new drug candidates with a variety of pharmacological actions, including anticancer ones. Two novel semisynthetic derivatives of betulinic acid-N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)diglycylglycine (BA1) and N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycylglycine (BA2)-were designed and their antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and anti-migratory activity against A375 human melanoma cells was determined in comparison with known N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycine (BA3), 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid (BA4) and naturally occurring betulinic acid (BI). A dose-dependent antiproliferative effect with IC50 values that ranged from 5.7 to 19.6 µM was observed in the series of all five compounds including betulinic acid. The novel compounds BA1 (IC50 = 5.7 µM) and BA2 (IC50 = 10.0 µM) were three times and two times more active than the parent cyclic structure B4 and natural BI. Additionally, compounds BA2, BA3, and BA4 possess antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC values in the range of 13-16 µg/mL and 26-32 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, antifungal activity toward Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was found for compound BA3 with MIC 29 µg/mL. This is the first report of antibacterial and antifungal activity of 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid derivatives and also the first extended report on their anti-melanoma activity, which among others includes data on anti-migratory activity and shows the significance of amino acid side chain on the observed activity. The obtained data justify further research on the anti-melanoma and antimicrobial activity of 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Lombrea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (D.M.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Alexandra-Denisa Semenescu
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (D.M.); (C.A.D.)
- Department of Toxicology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Zinuca Magyari-Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (D.M.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Jevgeņija Lugiņina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Uldis Peipiņš
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
- Nature Science Technologies Ltd., Rupnicu Str. 4, LV-2114 Olaine, Latvia
| | - Delia Muntean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (D.M.); (C.A.D.)
- Department of Microbiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (D.M.); (C.A.D.)
- Department of Toxicology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (D.M.); (C.A.D.)
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Maduka RC, Tai K, Gonsai R, DeWalt N, Chetty A, Brackett A, Olino K, Schneider EB, Ahuja V. Indoor Versus Outdoor: Does Occupational Sunlight Exposure Increase Melanoma Risk? A Systematic Review. J Surg Res 2023; 283:274-281. [PMID: 36423476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer diagnosed in the United States, representing 5.6% of all new cancer cases. There are conflicting reports correlating a relationship between primarily outdoor occupations, associated with increased exposure to direct sunlight, and the incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Our objective was to outline and critically evaluate the relevant literature related to chronic occupational exposure to sunlight and risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. METHODS The study protocol for this systematic review was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. For each relevant study included, the following information was extracted: author names, publication year, study name, study design, age, exposure assessment, outcome, comparison, number of cases, case ascertainment, and descriptive and adjusted statistics. Study quality and evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations model. RESULTS The initial database search yielded 1629 articles for review and following full-text screening, a total of 14 articles were included for final analysis. Of the studies included, seven articles were retrospective case control and seven were cohort studies. The studies did not report any differences in the likelihood of cutaneous melanoma development based upon membership in the outdoor versus indoor occupation groups included in each study. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the articles included in this systematic review did not report an increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma among individuals with outdoor occupations. Further investigation is required to determine if other occupational or life-style-related risk factors exist, to help support the development of individualized skin screening recommendations and improve the early detection of melanoma in all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Maduka
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale Cancer Center Advanced Training Program for Physician Scientist, NIH T32 Fellowship, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen Tai
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Radha Gonsai
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Alexandria Brackett
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eric B Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vanita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
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Maher NG, Scolyer RA, Colebatch AJ. Biology and genetics of acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi. Pathology 2023; 55:169-177. [PMID: 36635156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.12.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi are common benign neoplasms. Understanding their biology and genetics will help clinicians and pathologists correctly diagnose melanocytic tumours, and generate insights into naevus aetiology and melanomagenesis. Genomic data from published studies analysing acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi, including oncogenic driver mutations, common melanoma associated mutations, copy number aberrations, somatic mutation signature patterns, methylation profile, and single nucleotide polymorphisms, were reviewed. Correlation of genomic changes to dermoscopic features, particular anatomic sites and total body naevus counts, was also performed. This review also highlights current scientific theories and evidence concerning naevi growth arrest. Acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi show simple genomes, typically characterised by mutually exclusive single oncogenic driver mutations in either BRAF or NRAS genes. Genomic differences exist between acquired and congenital naevi, common and dysplastic naevi, and by dermoscopic features. Acquired naevi show a higher rate of BRAF hotspot mutations and a lower rate of NRAS hotspot mutations compared to congenital naevi. Dysplastic naevi show upregulation of follicular keratinocyte-related genes compared to common naevi. Anatomical locations and DNA signatures of naevi implicates ultraviolet radiation and non-ultraviolet radiation pathways in naevogenesis. DNA driver point mutations in acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi have been well characterised. Future research is required to better understand transcriptional and epigenetic changes in naevi, as well as those regulating naevus growth arrest and cell environment signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Maher
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Colebatch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jayasinghe D, Koh U, Plasmeijer EI, Menzies SW, Aitken JF, Soyer HP, Janda M, Green AC, Betz-Stablein B. The dynamic nature of naevi in adulthood: prospective population-based study using three-dimensional total-body photography. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:437-439. [PMID: 36763731 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilki Jayasinghe
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Uyen Koh
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elsemieke I Plasmeijer
- Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Scott W Menzies
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Skin and Skin Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Skin and Skin Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adele C Green
- Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Skin and Skin Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,CRUK Manchester Institute and University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Brigid Betz-Stablein
- Cancer and Population Studies, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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The Complex Interplay between Nevi and Melanoma: Risk Factors and Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043541. [PMID: 36834954 PMCID: PMC9964821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One effort to combat the rising incidence of malignant melanoma is focused on early detection by the clinical and dermoscopic screening of melanocytic nevi. However, the interaction between nevi, which are congenital or acquired benign melanocytic proliferations, and melanoma is still enigmatic. On the one hand, the majority of melanomas are thought to form de novo, as only a third of primary melanomas are associated with a histologically identifiable nevus precursor. On the other hand, an increased number of melanocytic nevi is a strong risk factor for developing melanoma, including melanomas that do not derive from nevi. The formation of nevi is modulated by diverse factors, including pigmentation, genetic risk factors, and environmental sun exposure. While the molecular alterations that occur during the progression of a nevus to melanoma have been well characterized, many unanswered questions remain surrounding the process of nevus to melanoma evolution. In this review, we discuss clinical, histological, molecular, and genetic factors that influence nevus formation and progression to melanoma.
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Dessinioti C, Befon A, Stratigos AJ. The Association of Nevus-Associated Melanoma with Common or Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030856. [PMID: 36765817 PMCID: PMC9913707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous melanoma has an adjacent nevus remnant upon histological examination in 30% of cases (nevus-associated melanoma, NAM), while it appears de novo for 70% of tumors. Regarding NAM arising in acquired melanocytic nevus, currently there is no evidence on whether NAM more frequently develops in association with a dysplastic or common melanocytic nevus. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the proportion of dysplastic or common melanocytic nevus in NAM associated with acquired nevus. Methods: A systematic literature search is conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The PRISMA checklist is used. Studies reporting patients diagnosed with NAM arising in an acquired common or dysplastic melanocytic nevus are included. A meta-analysis of proportions is performed using the random-effects model. The magnitude of heterogeneity is assessed with the I2 statistic. Results: A total of 22 studies with 2174 NAMs with an acquired nevus (dysplastic or common) are included. The proportion of dysplastic nevus in NAM varies considerably in the included studies, ranging from 0% to 100%. In the meta-analysis, the overall estimate of the proportion of having a dysplastic nevus in NAM is 51% (95% CI: 39-63%) with high heterogeneity at I2: 95.8% (p < 0.01). A sensitivity meta-analysis of 12 studies that included 30 or more acquired nevus-NAMs (2023 cases) shows that 65% of the NAMs developed in a dysplastic nevus (95% CI: 51-77%). In a meta-analysis of 4 studies reporting invasive-only acquired nevus-NAMs (764 cases), the proportion of dysplastic nevus is 56% (95% CI: 36-75%). Only 2 studies are found reporting in situ NAMs with an acquired nevus, and the pooled estimated proportion of dysplastic nevus is 71% (95% CI: 63-78%). Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggest a higher proportion of dysplastic nevus in acquired nevus-NAM; however, there is considerable uncertainty and high heterogeneity, highlighting the need for future well-designed studies with uniform histopathological definitions for dysplastic nevus remnants which report the type of nevus in NAM separately for invasive melanomas, thin tumors, and by histological subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio Dessinioti
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Aggeliki Befon
- State Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander J. Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
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Paolino G, Pampena R, Di Nicola MR, Mercuri SR. Clinicopathological and Dermoscopic Baselines in Patients with Lynch Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010114. [PMID: 36612110 PMCID: PMC9817705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that Lynch Syndrome (LS) patients may also develop extra-colonic malignancies, research evaluating the association between LS and skin cancers is currently very limited. We performed a monocentric clinical and dermoscopic study involving 42 LS patients which referred to the Dermatology Unit for cutaneous screenings. In total, 22 patients showed a mutation in MLH1 and 17 patients a MSH2 mutation. Out of the entire cohort, 83% of LS patients showed brown hairs and 78% brown eyes, and the most frequent phototypes were III and II (respectively, 71.5% and 21%). A positive medical history for an internal malignancy was present in 36% of patients, with colon cancer as the most frequent malignancy in 60% of cases. A total of 853 cutaneous lesions have been analyzed: 47% of patients showed a total number of nevi > 10. The main observed dermoscopic features were a uniform reticular pattern (77% of patients), a mixed pattern (9% of patients) and a uniform dermal pattern (14% of patients). Eruptive cherry angiomas were present in 24% of cases, eruptive seborrheic keratosis in 26% and viral warts in 7% of cases; basal cell carcinoma was detected in 7% of cases. We have not found specific associations with specific skin manifestations, and the clinical and dermoscopic appearance of the pigmented lesions reflected the features present in the general population. To date, there are currently no guidelines for skin screening in LS patients. According to our study, there is insufficient evidence to ensure increased surveillance in LS patients; further studies with larger samples of patients are needed to better investigate dermatological and dermoscopic features in LS carriers.
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Reiter O, Kurtansky N, Musthaq S, Dusza S, Halpern A, Marchetti M, Marghoob A, Scope A, Rotemberg V. The long-term evolution of melanocytic nevi among high-risk adults. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:2379-2387. [PMID: 35881111 PMCID: PMC9804380 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little understanding regarding the long-term natural history of melanocytic nevi among adults. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe the long-term natural history of individual nevi located on the torso of high-risk patients. METHODS All patients attending Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) who underwent two total body photography (TBP) sessions 15+ years apart were included ('retrospective' group). To account for a potential selection bias, we also included consecutive patients who had TBP 15+ years ago and consented to undergo follow-up TBP ('prospective' group). We compared baseline and follow-up torso images on the TBPs and evaluated the number of total, new and disappearing nevi; number of seborrheic keratoses and actinic keratoses; each nevus' diameter at both time points; each nevus' colour change; the presence of clinical atypia; and when dermoscopy was available, the dermoscopic features at each time point. RESULTS One hundred six patients were included in the study. Although the average age of the patients was 40 at baseline TBP, most patients developed new nevi between imaging sessions (median 16.4 years) with an average of 2.6 (SD = 4.8) nevi per participant. The average number of disappearing nevi was 0.3 (SD = 0.6). In addition, 62/106 (58%) patients had an absolute increase, and 9/106 (8%) patients had an absolute decrease in their total nevus count. Roughly half (49%: 1416/2890) of the nevi that could be evaluated at both time points increased in diameter by at least 25%. Only 6% (159/2890) of nevi shrunk in diameter by at least 25%. Patients with a history of melanoma had a higher rate of disappearing nevi, and their nevi were more likely to grow. Most nevi demonstrated no significant dermoscopic changes. CONCLUSIONS High-risk patients acquire new nevi throughout life with very few nevi disappearing over time. Contrary to prior reports, most nevi in adults increase in diameter, while few nevi shrink.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Reiter
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - N.R. Kurtansky
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - S.T. Musthaq
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - S. Dusza
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - A.C. Halpern
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - M.A. Marchetti
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - A.A. Marghoob
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - A. Scope
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael,The Kittner Skin Cancer Screening and Research InstituteSheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
| | - V. Rotemberg
- Dermatology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
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Muñoz-Barrera A, Rubio-Rodríguez LA, Díaz-de Usera A, Jáspez D, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, García-Olivares V, Flores C. From Samples to Germline and Somatic Sequence Variation: A Focus on Next-Generation Sequencing in Melanoma Research. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1939. [PMID: 36431075 PMCID: PMC9695713 DOI: 10.3390/life12111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications have flourished in the last decade, permitting the identification of cancer driver genes and profoundly expanding the possibilities of genomic studies of cancer, including melanoma. Here we aimed to present a technical review across many of the methodological approaches brought by the use of NGS applications with a focus on assessing germline and somatic sequence variation. We provide cautionary notes and discuss key technical details involved in library preparation, the most common problems with the samples, and guidance to circumvent them. We also provide an overview of the sequence-based methods for cancer genomics, exposing the pros and cons of targeted sequencing vs. exome or whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the fundamentals of the most common commercial platforms, and a comparison of throughputs and key applications. Details of the steps and the main software involved in the bioinformatics processing of the sequencing results, from preprocessing to variant prioritization and filtering, are also provided in the context of the full spectrum of genetic variation (SNVs, indels, CNVs, structural variation, and gene fusions). Finally, we put the emphasis on selected bioinformatic pipelines behind (a) short-read WGS identification of small germline and somatic variants, (b) detection of gene fusions from transcriptomes, and (c) de novo assembly of genomes from long-read WGS data. Overall, we provide comprehensive guidance across the main methodological procedures involved in obtaining sequencing results for the most common short- and long-read NGS platforms, highlighting key applications in melanoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Muñoz-Barrera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis A. Rubio-Rodríguez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz-de Usera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Jáspez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M. Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rafaela González-Montelongo
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Olivares
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), 38600 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando de Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Calbet‐Llopart N, Combalia M, Kiroglu A, Potrony M, Tell‐Martí G, Combalia A, Brugues A, Podlipnik S, Carrera C, Puig S, Malvehy J, Puig‐Butillé JA. Common genetic variants associated with melanoma risk or naevus count in patients with wildtype MC1R melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:753-764. [PMID: 35701387 PMCID: PMC9804579 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomorphic MC1R variants are the most prevalent genetic determinants of melanoma risk in the white population. However, the genetic background of patients with wildtype (WT) MC1R melanoma is poorly studied. OBJECTIVES To analyse the role of candidate common genetic variants on the melanoma risk and naevus count in Spanish patients with WT MC1R melanoma. METHODS We examined 753 individuals with WT MC1R from Spain (497 patients and 256 controls). We used OpenArray reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to genotype a panel of 221 common genetic variants involved in melanoma, naevogenesis, hormonal pathways and proinflammatory pathways. Genetic models were tested using multivariate logistic regression models. Nonparametric multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to detect gene-gene interactions within each biological subgroup of variants. RESULTS We found that variant rs12913832 in the HERC2 gene, which is associated with blue eye colour, increased melanoma risk in individuals with WT MC1R [odds ratio (OR) 1·97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·48-2·63; adjusted P < 0·001; corrected P < 0·001]. We also observed a trend between the rs3798577 variant in the oestrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) and a lower naevus count, which was restricted to female patients with WT MC1R (OR 0·51, 95% CI 0·33-0·79; adjusted P = 0·002; corrected P = 0·11). This sex-dependent association was statistically significant in a larger cohort of patients with melanoma regardless of their MC1R status (n = 1497; OR 0·71, 95% CI 0·57-0·88; adjusted P = 0·002), reinforcing the hypothesis of an association between hormonal pathways and susceptibility to melanocytic proliferation. Last, the MDR analysis revealed four genetic combinations associated with melanoma risk or naevus count in patients with WT MC1R. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that epistatic interaction among common variants related to melanocyte biology or proinflammatory pathways might influence melanocytic proliferation in individuals with WT MC1R. What is already known about this topic? Genetic variants in the MC1R gene are the most prevalent melanoma genetic risk factor in the white population. Still, 20-40% of cases of melanoma occur in individuals with wildtype MC1R. Multiple genetic variants have a pleiotropic effect in melanoma and naevogenesis. Additional variants in unexplored pathways might also have a role in melanocytic proliferation in these patients. Epidemiological evidence suggests an association of melanocytic proliferation with hormonal pathways and proinflammatory pathways. What does this study add? Variant rs12913832 in the HERC2 gene, which is associated with blue eye colour, increases the melanoma risk in individuals with wildtype MC1R. Variant rs3798577 in the oestrogen receptor gene is associated with naevus count regardless of the MC1R status in female patients with melanoma. We report epistatic interactions among common genetic variants with a role in modulating the risk of melanoma or the number of naevi in individuals with wildtype MC1R. What is the translational message? We report a potential role of hormonal signalling pathways in melanocytic proliferation, providing a basis for better understanding of sex-based differences observed at the epidemiological level. We show that gene-gene interactions among common genetic variants might be responsible for an increased risk for melanoma development in individuals with a low-risk phenotype, such as darkly pigmented hair and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Calbet‐Llopart
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marc Combalia
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anil Kiroglu
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Tell‐Martí
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrea Combalia
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Albert Brugues
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sebastian Podlipnik
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain
| | - Joan Anton Puig‐Butillé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelonaSpain,Molecular Biology CORE, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics DepartmentMelanoma Group, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Farabi B, Bostanci S, Akay BN, Caliskan D, Atak MF. Comparison of phenotypic features in patients with single vs multiple primary cutaneous melanomas: a prospective single-center study. Int J Dermatol 2022; 62:66-72. [PMID: 36254676 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is sparse data regarding total body nevus count (TBNC), nevus count in specific locations, phenotypic factors, anthropometric indices, sunburn, and the relation to multiple primary cutaneous melanomas (MPCM) development. We aim to compare these variables in a cohort of patients diagnosed with single primary melanoma (SPM) and MPCM with histologic diagnoses of melanoma in situ, superficial spreading, and nodular melanoma in our clinic. METHODS Prospective observational studies for the evaluation of nevus counts in biopsy-proven melanoma patients from 2017 to 2020 at Ankara University were conducted. Age, gender, family history of melanoma, increased sun exposure, nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), height, sunburn history, TBNC, and nevi count in specific anatomical locations were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total number of 156 patients consisting of 22 MPCM and 134 SPM were included. Mean TBNC for SPM vs MPCM patients were 96.87 (SD ± 124.71) vs 247.00 (SD ± 261.58), respectively (P < 0.0001). TBNC was correlated to the left arm, trunk, lower extremity, and head and neck nevus counts but not with the right arm nevus count. Multiple regression analysis showed that having more than 10 nevi on the head and neck area is associated with MPCM (OR, 3.882 [95% CI, 1.084-13.899]). TBNC and nevus count in specific locations were found to be significantly higher in MPCM. CONCLUSION The risk of MPCM was associated with having ≥10 nevi on the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Farabi
- Dermatology Department, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seher Bostanci
- Dermatology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengu Nisa Akay
- Dermatology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Caliskan
- Public Health Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Atak
- Dermatology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Russo T, Piccolo V, Moscarella E, Tschandl P, Kittler H, Paoli J, Lallas A, Braun RP, Thomas L, Soyer HP, Malvehy J, Puig S, Marghoob A, Scope A, Blum A, Halpern AC, Cabo H, Menzies S, Stolz W, Tanaka M, Rabinovitz H, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Bakos RM, Zalaudek I, Pellacani G, Veiga AV, Maceiras LR, de las Heras-Sotos C, Argenziano G. Indications for Digital Monitoring of Patients With Multiple Nevi: Recommendations from the International Dermoscopy Society. Dermatol Pract Concept 2022; 12:e2022182. [PMID: 36534527 PMCID: PMC9681223 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1204a182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In patients with multiple nevi, sequential imaging using total body skin photography (TBSP) coupled with digital dermoscopy (DD) documentation reduces unnecessary excisions and improves the early detection of melanoma. Correct patient selection is essential for optimizing the efficacy of this diagnostic approach. Objectives The purpose of the study was to identify, via expert consensus, the best indications for TBSP and DD follow-up. Methods This study was performed on behalf of the International Dermoscopy Society (IDS). We attained consensus by using an e-Delphi methodology. The panel of participants included international experts in dermoscopy. In each Delphi round, experts were asked to select from a list of indications for TBSP and DD. Results Expert consensus was attained after 3 rounds of Delphi. Participants considered a total nevus count of 60 or more nevi or the presence of a CDKN2A mutation sufficient to refer the patient for digital monitoring. Patients with more than 40 nevi were only considered an indication in case of personal history of melanoma or red hair and/or a MC1R mutation or history of organ transplantation. Conclusions Our recommendations support clinicians in choosing appropriate follow-up regimens for patients with multiple nevi and in applying the time-consuming procedure of sequential imaging more efficiently. Further studies and real-life data are needed to confirm the usefulness of this list of indications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Russo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Moscarella
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Philipp Tschandl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kittler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ralph P. Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Lyon-1 University, and Cancer research center Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona & IDIBAPS & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona & IDIBAPS & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashfaq Marghoob
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York, USA
| | - Alon Scope
- The Kittner Skin Cancer Screening and Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Blum
- Public, Private and Teaching Practice of Dermatology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Allan C. Halpern
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York, USA
| | - Horacio Cabo
- Dermatology Institute of Medical Research, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scott Menzies
- Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney and Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Wilhelm Stolz
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Environmental Medicine Clinic Thalkirchen, Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, Japan
| | - Harold Rabinovitz
- Department of Dermatology Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, United States
| | | | - Renato Marchiori Bakos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ana Varela Veiga
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Complex of Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
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Body Site Distribution of Acquired Melanocytic Naevi and Associated Characteristics in the General Population of Caucasian Adults: A Scoping Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2453-2488. [PMID: 36180760 PMCID: PMC9588131 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of melanocytic naevi is a major risk factor for melanoma. The divergent pathway hypothesis proposes that the propensity for naevus proliferation and malignant transformation may differ by body site and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This scoping review aimed to summarise the evidence on the number and distribution of naevi (≥ 2 mm) on the body overall and by individual anatomical sites in Caucasian adults, and to assess whether studies used the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) protocol to guide naevus counting processes. Systematic searches of Embase and PubMed identified 661 potentially relevant studies, and 12 remained eligible after full-text review. Studies varied widely in their counting protocols, reporting of naevus counts overall and by body sites, and used counting personnel with differing qualifications. Only one study used the IARC protocol. Studies reported that the highest number of naevi was on the trunk in males and on the arms in females. Body sites which receive intermittent exposure to UV radiation had higher density of naevi. Larger naevi (≥ 5 mm) were detected mostly on body sites intermittently exposed to UV radiation, and smaller naevi (< 5 mm) on chronically exposed sites. Studies reported that environmental and behavioural aspects related to UV radiation exposure, as well as genetic factors, all impact body site and size distribution of naevi. This review found that to overcome limitations of the current evidence, future studies should use consistent naevus counting protocols. Skin surface imaging could improve the reliability of findings. An updated IARC protocol is required that integrates these emerging standards and technologies to guide reliable and reproducible naevus counting in the future.
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Seviiri M, Scolyer RA, Bishop DT, Newton-Bishop JA, Iles MM, Lo SN, Stretch JR, Saw RPM, Nieweg OE, Shannon KF, Spillane AJ, Gordon SD, Olsen CM, Whiteman DC, Landi MT, Thompson JF, Long GV, MacGregor S, Law MH. Higher polygenic risk for melanoma is associated with improved survival in a high ultraviolet radiation setting. J Transl Med 2022; 20:403. [PMID: 36064556 PMCID: PMC9446843 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of germline genetic factors in determining survival from cutaneous melanoma (CM) is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of melanoma-specific survival (MSS), and test whether a CM-susceptibility polygenic risk score (PRS) is associated with MSS. METHODS We conducted two Cox proportional-hazard GWAS of MSS using data from the Melanoma Institute Australia, a high ultraviolet (UV) radiation setting (MIA; 5,762 patients with melanoma; 800 melanoma deaths) and UK Biobank (UKB: 5,220 patients with melanoma; 241 melanoma deaths), and combined them in a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Significant (P < 5 × 10-8) results were investigated in the Leeds Melanoma Cohort (LMC; 1,947 patients with melanoma; 370 melanoma deaths). We also developed a CM-susceptibility PRS using a large independent GWAS meta-analysis (23,913 cases, 342,870 controls). The PRS was tested for an association with MSS in the MIA and UKB cohorts. RESULTS Two loci were significantly associated with MSS in the meta-analysis of MIA and UKB with lead SNPs rs41309643 (G allele frequency 1.6%, HR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.61-2.71, P = 2.08 × 10-8) on chromosome 1, and rs75682113 (C allele frequency 1.8%, HR = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.77-3.21, P = 1.07 × 10-8) on chromosome 7. While neither SNP replicated in the LMC, rs75682113 was significantly associated in the combined discovery and replication sets. After adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex and the first ten principal components, a one standard deviation increase in the CM-susceptibility PRS was associated with improved MSS in the discovery meta-analysis (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83-0.94, P = 6.93 × 10-5; I2 = 88%). However, this was only driven by the high UV setting cohort (MIA HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.78-0.90). CONCLUSION We found two loci potentially associated with MSS. Increased genetic susceptibility to develop CM is associated with improved MSS in a high UV setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Seviiri
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Center for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia A. Newton-Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark M. Iles
- St James’s Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Serigne N. Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Johnathan R. Stretch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Robyn P. M. Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Omgo E. Nieweg
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Kerwin F. Shannon
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia
- Sydney Head & Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Cancer Center, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrew J. Spillane
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Breast and Melanoma Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Scott D. Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Catherine M. Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John F. Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Matthew H. Law
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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Interest and Utility of MC1R Testing for Melanoma Risk in Dermatology Patients with a History of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. J Skin Cancer 2022; 2022:4046554. [PMID: 35959144 PMCID: PMC9357806 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4046554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Public access to genetic information is increasing, and community dermatologists may progressively encounter patients interested in genetic testing for melanoma risk. Clarifying potential utility will help plan for this inevitability. We determined interest and uptake of genetic risk feedback based on melanocortin receptor gene (MC1R) variants, immediate (two weeks) responses to risk feedback, and test utility at three months in patients (age ≥ 18, with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer). Participants (N = 50) completed a baseline survey and were invited to consider MC1R testing via the study website. Testing interest and uptake were assessed through registration of test decision, request of a saliva test kit, and kit return (all yes/no). Immediate responses to risk feedback included feedback-relevant thoughts, emotions, communication, and information seeking after result receipt; test utility outcomes included family and physician communication and information seeking. Results indicated good retention at both time points (76%; 74%). Half (48%) logged onto the study website, and of these, most (92%) chose testing and (95%) returned a saliva sample. After two weeks, most (94%) had read all the risk feedback information and distress was low (M = 8.81, 7–28, SD = 2.23). Many (69%) had talked with their family about the results. By three months, most had spoken with family (92%) and physicians (80%) about skin cancer risk. Physician communication was higher (70%) in those tested versus those not tested (40%, p = 0.02). The substantial interest and promising outcomes associated with MC1R genetic testing in dermatology patients inform intervention strategies to enhance benefits and minimize risks of skin cancer genetic testing.
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Koumaki D, Papadakis M, Kouloumvakou S, Krasagakis K. Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards sun protection among patients with melanoma and atypical mole syndrome. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:587-598. [PMID: 36157160 PMCID: PMC9346423 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i7.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atypical mole syndrome (AMS) have a 3- to 20-fold higher risk of developing malignant melanoma (MM) than individuals without. The most modifiable risk factor for developing MM is the ongoing ultraviolet exposure.
AIM To assess awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards sun protection among patients with MM and AMS.
METHODS From January 2020 till December 2021, a written survey was administered to patients with MM and AMS and a control group who attended a specialist mole clinic at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Demographic data and photoprotective practices, knowledge, and perceived barriers were collected. Relevant statistical analyses were performed using SPSS IBM 25.
RESULTS In total, 121 subjects consented and participated in the survey. Their mean age was 43.92 ± 12.55 years. There were 66 (54.4%) females and 55 (45.4%) males. Forty-seven (38.8%) patients had AMS, 26 (21.5%) had a past medical history of MM, and 48 (39.7%) attended the clinic for a full skin checkup for their naevi without having AMS or MM. Although 104 (86%) participants reported using sunscreen with the majority of them (59/121 = 48.8%) wearing sunscreen with a sun protection factor of > 50, only 22 (18.2%) patients did so every day and only 20 (16.5%) all year round. Approximately 74.4% of patients recalled having received advice on how to protect their skin from sunlight, and 73% were interested in receiving education about sun protection. The most mentioned barriers in photoprotection were concerns over adequate vitamin D and lack of time.
CONCLUSION Despite mentioning having received adequate education in photoprotection, adherence to photoprotection practices is suboptimal in patients with MM and AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Koumaki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal 42283, Germany
| | - Stamatoula Kouloumvakou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Nikolaos General Hospital, Agios Nikolaos 72100, Greece
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Fernandes S, Vyas C, Lim P, Pereira RF, Virós A, Bártolo P. 3D Bioprinting: An Enabling Technology to Understand Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143535. [PMID: 35884596 PMCID: PMC9318274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a potentially fatal cancer with rising incidence over the last 50 years, associated with enhanced sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation. Its incidence is highest in people of European descent and the ageing population. There are multiple clinical and epidemiological variables affecting melanoma incidence and mortality, such as sex, ethnicity, UV exposure, anatomic site, and age. Although survival has improved in recent years due to advances in targeted and immunotherapies, new understanding of melanoma biology and disease progression is vital to improving clinical outcomes. Efforts to develop three-dimensional human skin equivalent models using biofabrication techniques, such as bioprinting, promise to deliver a better understanding of the complexity of melanoma and associated risk factors. These 3D skin models can be used as a platform for patient specific models and testing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Peggy Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amaya Virós
- Skin Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence: or
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49
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Dessinioti C, Geller AC, Stratigos AJ. A review of nevus-associated melanoma: What is the evidence? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1927-1936. [PMID: 35857388 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma may have an adjacent nevus remnant on histological examination in 30% of cases (nevus-associated melanoma, NAM), while it may appear de novo, without a precursor lesion, in the remaining 70% of cases. Nevus-associated melanoma and the concept of acquired melanocytic nevi serving as precursors of melanoma, has long been considered as a controversial topic. This controversy is, in part, due to their overall low rate of transformation to melanoma and scarce data on the natural history of progression. Another matter of debate regarded the possibility that the reported differences of NAM versus de novo melanoma, were due to an underestimation of NAM in thicker lesions due to obliteration of the nevus component by the tumour. During the last few years, several evidence has accumulated in order to address these controversies. In this review, we present a comprehensive synthesis of the epidemiological, clinical, dermoscopic and genetic findings in NAM, including thin NAM, compared to de novo melanoma. Answering the questions on nevus-associated melanoma may provide further insight on the classification of these tumours and disentangle their biology and route of development from that of de novo melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio Dessinioti
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alan C Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander J Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
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50
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Garbe C, Amaral T, Peris K, Hauschild A, Arenberger P, Basset-Seguin N, Bastholt L, Bataille V, Del Marmol V, Dréno B, Fargnoli MC, Forsea AM, Grob JJ, Höller C, Kaufmann R, Kelleners-Smeets N, Lallas A, Lebbé C, Lytvynenko B, Malvehy J, Moreno-Ramirez D, Nathan P, Pellacani G, Saiag P, Stratigos AJ, Van Akkooi ACJ, Vieira R, Zalaudek I, Lorigan P. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: Diagnostics: Update 2022. Eur J Cancer 2022; 170:236-255. [PMID: 35570085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is potentially the most dangerous form of skin tumor and causes 90% of skin cancer mortality. A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on CM diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. The diagnosis of melanoma can be made clinically and shall always be confirmed with dermatoscopy. If a melanoma is suspected, a histopathological examination is always required. Sequential digital dermatoscopy and full body photography can be used in high-risk patients to improve the detection of early melanoma. Where available, confocal reflectance microscopy can also improve clinical diagnosis in special cases. Melanoma shall be classified according to the 8th version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. Thin melanomas up to 0.8 mm tumor thickness do not require further imaging diagnostics. From stage IB onwards, examinations with lymph node sonography are recommended, but no further imaging examinations. From stage IIC onwards whole-body examinations with computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) in combination with brain magnetic resonance imaging are recommended. From stage III and higher, mutation testing is recommended, particularly for BRAF V600 mutation. It is important to provide a structured follow-up to detect relapses and secondary primary melanomas as early as possible. There is no evidence to define the frequency and extent of examinations. A stage-based follow-up scheme is proposed which, according to the experience of the guideline group, covers the optimal requirements, but further studies may be considered. This guideline is valid until the end of 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ketty Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Axel Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petr Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole Basset-Seguin
- Université Paris Cite, AP-HP Department of Dermatology INSERM U 976 Hôpital Saint Louis Paris France
| | - Lars Bastholt
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Veronique Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Dréno
- Dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Maria C Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ana-Maria Forsea
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Christoph Höller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole Kelleners-Smeets
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Celeste Lebbé
- Université Paris Cite, AP-HP Department of Dermatology INSERM U 976 Hôpital Saint Louis Paris France
| | - Bohdan Lytvynenko
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Moreno-Ramirez
- Medical-&-Surgical Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paul Nathan
- Mount-Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippe Saiag
- University Department of Dermatology, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, APHP, Boulogne, France
| | - Alexander J Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander C J Van Akkooi
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul Lorigan
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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