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Pan L, Li J, Xu Q, Gao Z, Yang M, Wu X, Li X. HER2/PI3K/AKT pathway in HER2-positive breast cancer: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38508. [PMID: 38875362 PMCID: PMC11175886 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently the most commonly occurring cancer globally. Among breast cancer cases, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer accounts for 15% to 20% and is a crucial focus in the treatment of breast cancer. Common HER2-targeted drugs approved for treating early and/or advanced breast cancer include trastuzumab and pertuzumab, which effectively improve patient prognosis. However, despite treatment, most patients with terminal HER2-positive breast cancer ultimately suffer death from the disease due to primary or acquired drug resistance. The prevalence of aberrantly activated the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in HER2-positive breast cancer was already observed in previous studies. It is well known that p-AKT expression is linked to an unfavorable prognosis, and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, as the most common mutated pathway in breast cancer, plays a major role in the mechanism of drug resistance. Therefore, in the current review, we summarize the molecular alterations present in HER2-positive breast cancer, elucidate the relationships between HER2 overexpression and alterations in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the pathways of the alterations in breast cancer, and summarize the resistant mechanism of drugs targeting the HER2-AKT pathway, which will provide an adjunctive therapeutic rationale for subsequent resistance to directed therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Pan
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonggang General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zili Gao
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuesen Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Chen S, Zhang G, Liu Y, Yang C, He Y, Guo Q, Du Y, Gao F. Anchoring of hyaluronan glycocalyx to CD44 reduces sensitivity of HER2-positive gastric cancer cells to trastuzumab. FEBS J 2024; 291:1719-1731. [PMID: 38275079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is widely used in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC) therapy, but ubiquitous resistance limits its clinical application. In this study, we first showed that CD44 antigen is a significant predictor of overall survival for patients with HER2-positive GC. Next, we found that CD44 could be co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized with HER2 on the membrane of GC cells. By analyzing the interaction between CD44 and HER2, we identified that CD44 could upregulate HER2 protein by inhibiting its proteasome degradation. Notably, the overexpression of CD44 could decrease the sensitivity of HER2-positive GC cells to trastuzumab. Further mechanistic study showed that CD44 upregulation could induce its ligand, hyaluronan (HA), to deposit on the cancer cell surface, resulting in covering up the binding sites of trastuzumab to HER2. Removing the HA glycocalyx restored sensitivity of the cells to trastuzumab. Collectively, our findings suggested a role for CD44 in regulating trastuzumab sensitivity and provided novel insights into HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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Scheck MK, Hofheinz RD, Lorenzen S. HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer and Antibody Treatment: State of the Art and Future Developments. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1336. [PMID: 38611014 PMCID: PMC11010911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a decreasing incidence in Western countries, gastric cancer is among the most common cancer subtypes globally and is associated with one of the highest tumor-related mortality rates. Biomarkers play an increasing role in the treatment against gastric cancer. HER2 was one of the first biomarkers that found its way into clinical practice. Since the ToGA trial, trastuzumab has been part of first-line palliative chemotherapy in metastatic or unresectable gastric cancer. HER2-targeting agents, such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, the antibody drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-emtansine or dual HER2 inhibition (pertuzumab and trastuzumab), have been investigated in the second-line setting but led to negative study results. More recently, the ADC trastuzumab-deruxtecan was authorized after the failure of trastuzumab-based treatment. However, further improvements in HER2-directed therapy are required as resistance mechanisms and HER2 heterogeneity limit the existing treatment options. This review aims to give an overview of the current standard-of-care HER2-directed therapy in gastric cancer, as well as its challenges and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K. Scheck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ralf D. Hofheinz
- Mannheim Cancer Center, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Sylvie Lorenzen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, 81675 Munich, Germany;
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Khoshtinat Nikkhoi S, Yang G, Owji H, Grizotte-Lake M, Cohen RI, Gil Gonzalez L, Massumi M, Hatefi A. Bispecific immune cell engager enhances the anticancer activity of CD16+ NK cells and macrophages in vitro, and eliminates cancer metastasis in NK humanized NOG mice. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008295. [PMID: 38490714 PMCID: PMC10946374 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a prior report, we detailed the isolation and engineering of a bispecific killer cell engager, referred to as BiKE:E5C1. The BiKE:E5C1 exhibits high affinity/specificity for the CD16a activating receptor on natural killer (NK) cells and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on cancer cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that BiKE:E5C1 can activate the NK cells and induce the killing of HER2+ ovarian and breast cancer cells, surpassing the performance of the best-in-class monoclonal antibody, Trazimera (trastuzumab). To advance this BiKE technology toward clinical application, the objective of this research was to demonstrate the ability of BiKE:E5C1 to activate CD16+ immune cells such as NK cells and macrophages to kill cancer cells, and eradicate metastatic HER2+ tumors in NK humanized NOG mice. METHODS We assessed BiKE:E5C1's potential to activate CD16-expressing peripheral blood (PB)-NK cells, laNK92 cells, and THP-1-CD16A monocyte-macrophages through flowcytometry and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity/phagocytosis (ADCC) assays. Subsequently, laNK92 cells were selected as effector cells and genetically modified to express the nanoluciferase gene, enabling the monitoring of their viability in NK humanized NOG mice using quantitative bioluminescent imaging (qBLI). To evaluate the functionality of BiKE:E5C1 in vivo, we introduced firefly luciferase-expressing ovarian cancer cells via intraperitoneal injection into hIL-15 and hIL-2 NOG mice, creating a model of ovarian cancer metastasis. Once tumor establishment was confirmed, we treated the mice with laNK92 cells plus BiKE:E5C1 and the response to therapy was assessed using qBLI. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that BiKE:E5C1 activates not only laNK92 cells but also PB-NK cells and macrophages, significantly enhancing their anticancer activities. ADCC assay demonstrated that IgG1 Fc region had no impact on BiKE:E5C1's anticancer activity. In vivo results reveal that both hIL-15 and hIL-2 NOG mouse models support the viability and proliferation of laNK92 cells. Furthermore, it was observed that BiKE:E5C1 activates laNK92 cells in mice, leading to eradication of cancer metastasis in both NK humanized hIL-15 and hIL-2 NOG mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our in vivo findings underscore BiKE:E5C1's potential as an immune cell engager capable of activating immune cells for cancer cell elimination, thereby expanding the arsenal of available BiKEs for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ge Yang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hajar Owji
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Rick I Cohen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lazaro Gil Gonzalez
- St Michael's Hospital Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Massumi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Arash Hatefi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Mileva M, de Vries EGE, Guiot T, Wimana Z, Deleu AL, Schröder CP, Lefebvre Y, Paesmans M, Stroobants S, Huizing M, Aftimos P, Tol J, Van der Graaf WTA, Oyen WJG, Vugts DJ, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Brouwers AH, Piccart-Gebhart M, Flamen P, Gebhart G. Molecular imaging predicts lack of T-DM1 response in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer (final results of ZEPHIR trial). NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:4. [PMID: 38184611 PMCID: PMC10771456 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2-targeting trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in breast cancer (BC) relies on HER2 status determined by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Heterogeneity in HER2 expression, however, generates interest in "whole-body" assessment of HER2 status using molecular imaging. We evaluated the role of HER2-targeted molecular imaging in detecting HER2-positive BC lesions and patients unlikely to respond to T-DM1. Patients underwent zirconium-89 (89Zr) trastuzumab (HER2) PET/CT and [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT before T-DM1 initiation. Based on 89Zr-trastuzumab uptake, lesions were visually classified as HER2-positive (visible/high uptake) or HER2-negative (background/close to background activity). According to proportion of FDG-avid tumor load showing 89Zr-trastuzumab uptake (entire/dominant part or minor/no part), patients were classified as HER2-positive and HER2-negative, respectively. Out of 265 measurable lesions, 93 (35%) were HER2-negative, distributed among 42 of the 90 included patients. Of these, 18 (19%) lesions belonging to 11 patients responded anatomically (>30% decrease in axial diameter from baseline) after three T-DM1 cycles, resulting in an 81% negative predictive value (NPV) of the HER2 PET/CT. In combination with early metabolic response assessment on FDG PET/CT performed before the second T-DM1 cycle, NPVs of 91% and 100% were reached in predicting lesion-based and patient-based (RECIST1.1) response, respectively. Therefore, HER2 PET/CT, alone or in combination with early FDG PET/CT, can successfully identify BC lesions and patients with a low probability of clinical benefit from T-DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mileva
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Guiot
- Department of Medical Physics, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zéna Wimana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Leen Deleu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carolien P Schröder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolene Lefebvre
- Department of Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Paesmans
- Data Center, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Manon Huizing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Philippe Aftimos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jolien Tol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Winette T A Van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Piccart-Gebhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flamen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Gebhart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Deng Q, Jiang B, Yan H, Wu J, Cao Z. Circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer: developments and clinical applications. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4385-4399. [PMID: 37548815 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from primary tumor or metastatic sites into the bloodstream and subsequently seed into distant tissues, are considered as the precursors of metastases. Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor. With regard to the diagnosis of GC, secondary pathological biopsy is difficult, while invasive examination is harmful to patients. In recent years, CTCs have made great progress in tumor diagnosis, prognosis prediction, efficacy detection and treatment guidance, but the research on the role of CTCs in GC remains limited. The following sections review the landmark studies demonstrating the technical approaches of CTCs monitoring in the field of GC. Moreover, we highlight the clinical application of CTCs numbers and phenotypes in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy and judging patient prognosis by sequential blood analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijiao Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bruni S, Mercogliano MF, Mauro FL, Cordo Russo RI, Schillaci R. Cancer immune exclusion: breaking the barricade for a successful immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135456. [PMID: 37284199 PMCID: PMC10239871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the course of cancer treatment. The initial steps were made through tumor-specific antibodies that guided the setup of an antitumor immune response. A new and successful generation of antibodies are designed to target immune checkpoint molecules aimed to reinvigorate the antitumor immune response. The cellular counterpart is the adoptive cell therapy, where specific immune cells are expanded or engineered to target cancer cells. In all cases, the key for achieving positive clinical resolutions rests upon the access of immune cells to the tumor. In this review, we focus on how the tumor microenvironment architecture, including stromal cells, immunosuppressive cells and extracellular matrix, protects tumor cells from an immune attack leading to immunotherapy resistance, and on the available strategies to tackle immune evasion.
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Unlocking the Resistance to Anti-HER2 Treatments in Breast Cancer: The Issue of HER2 Spatial Distribution. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051385. [PMID: 36900178 PMCID: PMC10000152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of breast cancers are classified as HER2-positive, with an amplification of the ERBB2 gene and/or an overexpression of the HER2 protein. Up to 30% of HER2-positive breast cancers shows heterogeneity in HER2 expression and different patterns of spatial distribution, i.e., the variability in the distribution and expression of the HER2 protein within a single tumour. Spatial heterogeneity may potentially affect treatment, response, assessment of HER2 status and consequently, may impact on the best treatment strategy. Understanding this feature can help clinicians to predict response to HER2-targeted therapies and patient outcomes, and to fine tune treatment decisions. This review summarizes the available evidence on HER2 heterogeneity and spatial distribution and how this may affect current available treatment choices, exploring possible opportunities for overcoming this issue, such as novel pharmacological agents, belonging to the group of antibody-drug conjugates.
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Resistance to Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting HER2 in Breast Cancer: Molecular Landscape and Future Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041130. [PMID: 36831473 PMCID: PMC9954056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC) with Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), two antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting HER2, is burdened by progression of disease related to the acquisition of mechanisms of resistance. Resistance to T-DM1 is caused by the decrease of HER2 expression, the alteration of intracellular trafficking, the impairment of lysosome functions, the drug expulsion through efflux pumps and the activation of alternative signal pathways. Instead, the decrease of HER2 expression and SLX4 loss of function mutations represent the first evidences of mechanisms of resistance to T-DXd, according to the results of DAISY trial. Several strategies are under evaluation to overcome resistances to anti-HER2 ADCs and improve clinical outcomes in patients progressing on these agents: combinations with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, statins, immune checkpoint inhibitors and synthetic DNA-damaging agents are emerging as promising approaches. Furthermore, novel anti-HER2 ADCs with innovative structures and mechanisms of action are in development, in the attempt to further improve the activity and tolerability of currently available agents.
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Nikkhoi SK, Li G, Eleya S, Yang G, Vandavasi VG, Hatefi A. Bispecific killer cell engager with high affinity and specificity toward CD16a on NK cells for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1039969. [PMID: 36685519 PMCID: PMC9852913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Fc region of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) interacts with the CD16a receptor on natural killer (NK) cells with "low affinity" and "low selectivity". This low affinity/selectivity interaction results in not only suboptimal anticancer activity but also induction of adverse effects. CD16a on NK cells binds to the antibody-coated cells, leading to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Recent clinical data have shown that the increased binding affinity between mAb Fc region and CD16a receptor is responsible for significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a bispecific killer cell engager (BiKE) with high affinity and specificity/selectivity toward CD16a receptor for NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Methods To engineer BiKE, a llama was immunized, then high binding anti-CD16a and anti-HER2 VHH clones were isolated using phage display. ELISA, flow cytometry, and biolayer interferometry (BLI) data showed that the isolated anti-CD16a VHH has high affinity (sub-nanomolar) toward CD16a antigen without cross-reactivity with CD16b-NA1 on neutrophils or CD32b on B cells. Similarly, the data showed that the isolated anti-HER2 VHH has high affinity/specificity toward HER2 antigen. Using a semi-flexible linker, anti-HER2 VHH was recombinantly fused with anti-CD16a VHH to create BiKE:HER2/CD16a. Then, the ability of BiKE:HER2/CD16a to activate NK cells to release cytokines and kill HER2+ cancer cells was measured. As effector cells, both high-affinity haNK92 (CD16+, V176) and low-affinity laNK92 (CD16+, F176) cells were used. Results and discussion The data showed that the engineered BiKE:HER2/CD16a activates haNK92 and laNK92 cells to release cytokines much greater than best-in-class mAbs in the clinic. The cytotoxicity data also showed that the developed BiKE induces higher ADCC to both ovarian and breast cancer cells in comparison to Trazimera™ (trastuzumab). According to the BLI data, BiKE:HER2/CD16 recognizes a different epitope on CD16a antigen than IgG-based mAbs; thus, it provides the opportunity for not only monotherapy but also combination therapy with other antibody drugs such as checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates. Taken together, the data demonstrate the creation of a novel BiKE with high affinity and specificity toward CD16a on NK cells with the potential to elicit a superior therapeutic response in patients with HER2+ cancer than existing anti-HER2 mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Suha Eleya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Venu Gopal Vandavasi
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysics Core Facility, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Arash Hatefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Cancer Pharmacology Program, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Resistance to Trastuzumab. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205115. [PMID: 36291900 PMCID: PMC9600208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Trastuzumab is a humanized antibody that has significantly improved the management and treatment outcomes of patients with cancers that overexpress HER2. Many research groups, both in academia and industry, have contributed towards understanding the various mechanisms engaged by trastuzumab to mediate its anti-tumor effects. Nevertheless, data from several clinical studies have indicated that a significant proportion of patients exhibit primary or acquired resistance to trastuzumab therapy. In this article, we discuss underlying mechanisms that contribute towards to resistance. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to overcome some of the mechanisms of resistance to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab and other therapies based on it. Abstract One of the most impactful biologics for the treatment of breast cancer is the humanized monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, which specifically recognizes the HER2/neu (HER2) protein encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Useful for both advanced and early breast cancers, trastuzumab has multiple mechanisms of action. Classical mechanisms attributed to trastuzumab action include cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Recent studies have identified the role of the adaptive immune system in the clinical actions of trastuzumab. Despite the multiple mechanisms of action, many patients demonstrate resistance, primary or adaptive. Newly identified molecular and cellular mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance include induction of immune suppression, vascular mimicry, generation of breast cancer stem cells, deregulation of long non-coding RNAs, and metabolic escape. These newly identified mechanisms of resistance are discussed in detail in this review, particularly considering how they may lead to the development of well-rationalized, patient-tailored combinations that improve patient survival.
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Overcoming Resistance to HER2-Directed Therapies in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163996. [PMID: 36010990 PMCID: PMC9406173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States. Around 15% of all breast cancers overexpress the HER2 protein. These HER2-positive tumors have been associated with aggressive behavior if left untreated. Drugs targeting HER2 have greatly improved the outcomes of patients with HER2-positive tumors in the last decades. Despite these improvements, many patients with early breast cancer have recurrences, and many with advanced disease experience progression of disease on HER2-targeted drugs, suggesting that patients can develop resistance to these medications. In this review, we summarize several mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted treatments. Understanding how the tumors grow despite these therapies could allow us to develop better treatment strategies to continue to improve patient outcomes. Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer accounts for around 15% of all breast cancers and was historically associated with a worse prognosis compared with other breast cancer subtypes. With the development of HER2-directed therapies, the outcomes of patients with HER2-positive disease have improved dramatically; however, many patients present with de novo or acquired resistance to these therapies, which leads to early recurrences or progression of advanced disease. In this narrative review, we discuss the mechanisms of resistance to different HER2-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, small tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. We review mechanisms such as impaired binding to HER2, incomplete receptor inhibition, increased signaling from other receptors, cross-talk with estrogen receptors, and PIK3CA pathway activation. We also discuss the role of the tumor immune microenvironment and HER2-heterogeneity, and the unique mechanisms of resistance to novel antibody-drug conjugates. A better understanding of these mechanisms and the potential strategies to overcome them will allow us to continue improving outcomes for patients with breast cancer.
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13
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Maddox AL, Brehove MS, Eliato KR, Saftics A, Romano E, Press MF, Mortimer J, Jones V, Schmolze D, Seewaldt VL, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Molecular Assessment of HER2 to Identify Signatures Associated with Therapy Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112795. [PMID: 35681773 PMCID: PMC9179327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The HER2 status of breast cancers is accurately determined by measuring HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification. However, these clinical diagnostic tests cannot predict the response to therapy. Single molecule imaging approaches can quantify molecular features of HER2, such as receptor nano-organization, with exquisite spatial resolution and sensitivity. The aim of our study was to assess how the molecular features of HER2 varied with the therapy response. According to our results in cultured cell lines and six patient specimens, the therapy response was associated with high detected HER2 densities and clustering. This advanced imaging approach can thus provide key data to complement the current diagnostic standards. Abstract Trastuzumab, the prototype HER2-directed therapy, has markedly improved survival for women with HER2-positive breast cancers. However, only 40–60% of women with HER2-positive breast cancers achieve a complete pathological response to chemotherapy combined with HER2-directed therapy. The current diagnostic assays have poor positive-predictive accuracy in identifying therapy-responsive breast cancers. Here, we deployed quantitative single molecule localization microscopy to assess the molecular features of HER2 in a therapy-responsive setting. Using fluorescently labeled trastuzumab as a probe, we first compared the molecular features of HER2 in trastuzumab-sensitive (BT-474 and SK-BR-3) and trastuzumab-resistant (BT-474R and JIMT-1) cultured cell lines. Trastuzumab-sensitive cells had significantly higher detected HER2 densities and clustering. We then evaluated HER2 in pre-treatment core biopsies from women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. A complete pathological response was associated with a high detected HER2 density and significant HER2 clustering. These results established the nano-organization of HER2 as a potential signature of therapy-responsive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Matthew S. Brehove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Kiarash R. Eliato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Eugenia Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Michael F. Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Veronica Jones
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Victoria L. Seewaldt
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wang N, Li L, Xiong Y, Chi J, Liu X, Zhong C, Wang F, Gu Y. Case Report: Significant Efficacy of Pyrotinib in the Treatment of Extensive Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer Cutaneous Metastases: A Report of Five Cases. Front Oncol 2022; 11:729212. [PMID: 34976791 PMCID: PMC8716402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.729212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumor to develop cutaneous metastases. Most BCs with cutaneous metastasis are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive subtypes. Although the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis to different sites and the corresponding treatment methods are areas of in-depth research, there are few studies on cutaneous metastasis. CASE PRESENTATION Five HER2-positive BC patients with extensive cutaneous metastases were treated with a regimen containing pyrotinib, a novel small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that irreversibly blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (HER4), then their cutaneous metastases quickly resolved at an astonishing speed and their condition was well controlled during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This case series reports the significant therapeutic effect of pyrotinib on cutaneous metastases of HER2-positive BC for the first time. Based on this, we recommend that pyrotinib can be used as a supplement to trastuzumab for HER2-positive BC patients with cutaneous metastases. In addition, we should consider that the pan-inhibitory effect of pyrotinib on EGFR, HER2, and HER4 may provide a dual therapeutic effect against HER2 and mucin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youyi Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangrui Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanting Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Subhan MA. Advances with metal oxide-based nanoparticles as MDR metastatic breast cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32956-32978. [PMID: 36425155 PMCID: PMC9670683 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles have attracted increased attention due to their emerging applications in cancer detection and therapy. This study envisioned to highlight the great potential of metal oxide NPs due to their interesting properties including high payload, response to magnetic field, affluence of surface modification to overcome biological barriers, and biocompatibility. Mammogram, ultrasound, X-ray computed tomography (CT), MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), optical or fluorescence imaging are used for breast imaging. Drug-loaded metal oxide nanoparticle delivered to the breast cancer cells leads to higher drug uptake. Thus, enhanced the cytotoxicity to target cells compared to free drug. The drug loaded metal oxide nanoparticle formulations hold great promise to enhance efficacy of breast cancer therapy including multidrug resistant (MDR) and metastatic breast cancers. Various metal oxides including magnetic metal oxides and magnetosomes are of current interests to explore cancer drug delivery and diagnostic efficacy especially for metastatic breast cancer. Metal oxide-based nanocarrier formulations are promising for their usage in drug delivery and release to breast cancer cells, cancer diagnosis and their clinical translations. Biomarker targeted therapy approaches for TNBC using metal oxide-based NPs are highly effective and promising.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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16
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Hyaluronan Functions in Wound Repair That Are Captured to Fuel Breast Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111551. [PMID: 34827550 PMCID: PMC8615562 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling from an actively remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM) has emerged as a critical factor in regulating both the repair of tissue injuries and the progression of diseases such as metastatic cancer. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the ECM that normally functions in tissue injury to sequentially promote then suppress inflammation and fibrosis, a duality in which is featured, and regulated in, wound repair. These essential response-to-injury functions of HA in the microenvironment are hijacked by tumor cells for invasion and avoidance of immune detection. In this review, we first discuss the numerous size-dependent functions of HA and emphasize the multifunctional nature of two of its receptors (CD44 and RHAMM) in regulating the signaling duality of HA in excisional wound healing. This is followed by a discussion of how HA metabolism is de-regulated in malignant progression and how targeting HA might be used to better manage breast cancer progression.
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17
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Szöőr Á, Szöllősi J, Vereb G. From antibodies to living drugs: Quo vadis cancer immunotherapy? Biol Futur 2021; 72:85-99. [PMID: 34554498 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, monoclonal antibodies targeting various receptors and ligands have shown significant advance in cancer therapy. However, still a great percentage of patients experiences tumor relapse despite persistent antigen expression. Immune cell therapy with adoptively transferred modified T cells that express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is an engaging option to improve disease outcome. Designer T cells have been applied with remarkable success in the treatment for acute B cell leukemias, yielding unprecedented antitumor activity and significantly improved overall survival. Relying on the success of CAR T cells in leukemias, solid tumors are now emerging potential targets; however, their complexity represents a significant challenge. In preclinical models, CAR T cells recognized and efficiently killed the wide spectrum of tumor xenografts; however, in human clinical trials, limited antitumor efficacy and serious side effects, including cytokine release syndrome, have emerged as potential limitations. The next decade will be an exciting time to further optimize this novel cellular therapeutics to improve effector functions and, at the same time, keep adverse events in check. Moreover, we need to establish whether gene-modified T cells which are yet exclusively used for cancer patients could also be successful in the treatment for other diseases. Here, we provide a concise overview about the transition from monoclonal antibodies to the generation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. We summarize lessons learned from preclinical models, including our own HER2-positive tumor models, as well as from clinical trials worldwide. We also discuss the challenges we are facing today and outline future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Szöőr
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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18
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Garrido-Cano I, Pattanayak B, Adam-Artigues A, Lameirinhas A, Torres-Ruiz S, Tormo E, Cervera R, Eroles P. MicroRNAs as a clue to overcome breast cancer treatment resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 41:77-105. [PMID: 34524579 PMCID: PMC8924146 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide. Despite the improvement in diagnosis and treatments, the rates of cancer relapse and resistance to therapies remain higher than desirable. Alterations in microRNAs have been linked to changes in critical processes related to cancer development and progression. Their involvement in resistance or sensitivity to breast cancer treatments has been documented by different in vivo and in vitro experiments. The most significant microRNAs implicated in modulating resistance to breast cancer therapies are summarized in this review. Resistance to therapy has been linked to cellular processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness phenotype, or receptor signaling pathways, and the role of microRNAs in their regulation has already been described. The modulation of specific microRNAs may modify treatment response and improve survival rates and cancer patients' quality of life. As a result, a greater understanding of microRNAs, their targets, and the signaling pathways through which they act is needed. This information could be useful to design new therapeutic strategies, to reduce resistance to the available treatments, and to open the door to possible new clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Lameirinhas
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Tormo
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research On Cancer, CIBERONC-ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Eroles
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Network Research On Cancer, CIBERONC-ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Cytolytic Activity of CAR T Cells and Maintenance of Their CD4+ Subset Is Critical for Optimal Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Solid Tumor Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174301. [PMID: 34503109 PMCID: PMC8428348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adoptively transferred T cells expressing recombinant chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) have been approved for the therapy of hematological malignancies of the B cell lineage. However, CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumors so far has shown limited benefits. Correlative clinical studies of patients with hematological malignancies have suggested that less differentiated CAR T cells have improved anti-leukemic activity. We have therefore investigated the role of differentiation on the anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells targeting the solid tumor antigen HER2 in preclinical models. We utilized different activation/expansion protocols, and explored whether different co-stimulatory domains in the CAR construct influence the short- and long-term efficacy of HER2-CAR T cells. We demonstrate that the CAR T cell product with the highest proportion of effector cells and maintaining a good balance of CD4+/CD8+ cells is the most effective against solid tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Abstract Correlative clinical studies of hematological malignancies have implicated that less differentiated, CD8+-dominant CAR T cell products have greater antitumor activity. Here, we have investigated whether the differentiation status of CAR T cell products affects their antitumor activity in preclinical models of solid tumors. We explored if different activation/expansion protocols, as well as different co-stimulatory domains in the CAR construct, influence the short- and long-term efficacy of CAR T cells against HER2-positive tumors. We generated T cell products that range from the most differentiated (CD28.z; OKT3-antiCD28/RPMI expansion) to the least differentiated (41BB.z; OKT3-RetroNectin/LymphoONE expansion), as judged by cell surface expression of the differentiation markers CCR7 and CD45RA. While the effect of differentiation status was variable with regard to antigen-specific cytokine production, the most differentiated CD28.z CAR T cell products, which were enriched in effector memory T cells, had the greatest target-specific cytolytic activity in vitro. These products also had a greater proliferative capacity and maintained CD4+ T cells upon repeated stimulation in vitro. In vivo, differentiated CD28.z CAR T cells also had the greatest antitumor activity, resulting in complete response. Our results highlight that it is critical to optimize CAR T cell production and that optimal product characteristics might depend on the targeted antigen and/or cancer.
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20
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Kumagai S, Koyama S, Nishikawa H. Antitumour immunity regulated by aberrant ERBB family signalling. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:181-197. [PMID: 33462501 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. Molecular-targeted agents against these signalling pathways exhibit robust clinical efficacy, but patients inevitably experience acquired resistance to these molecular-targeted therapies. Although cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown durable antitumour response in a subset of the treated patients in multiple cancer types, clinical efficacy is limited in cancers harbouring activating gene alterations of ERBB family members. In particular, ICI treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations and breast cancers with HER2 alterations failed to show clinical benefits, suggesting that EGFR and HER2 signalling may have an essential role in inhibiting antitumour immune responses. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which the signalling of ERBB family members affects not only autonomous cancer hallmarks, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, but also antitumour immune responses in the tumour microenvironment and the potential application of immune-genome precision medicine into immunotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy focusing on the signalling of ERBB family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kumagai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
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21
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Frank-Kamenetskii A, Mook J, Reeves M, Boulanger CA, Meyer TJ, Ragle L, Jordan HC, Smith GH, Booth BW. Induction of phenotypic changes in HER2-postive breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2919-2929. [PMID: 32774772 PMCID: PMC7392627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of breast cancer cells on normal cells of the microenvironment, such as fibroblasts and macrophages, has been heavily studied but the influence of normal epithelial cells on breast cancer cells has not. Here using in vivo and in vitro models we demonstrate the impact epithelial cells and the mammary microenvironment can exert on breast cancer cells. Under specific conditions, signals that originate in epithelial cells can induce phenotypic and genotypic changes in cancer cells. We have termed this phenomenon "cancer cell redirection." Once breast cancer cells are redirected, either in vivo or in vitro, they lose their tumor forming capacity and undergo a genetic expression profile shift away from one that supports a cancer profile towards one that supports a non-tumorigenic epithelial profile. These findings indicate that epithelial cells and the normal microenvironment influence breast cancer cells and that under certain circumstances restrict proliferation of tumorigenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Mook
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Meredith Reeves
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Corinne A. Boulanger
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Ragle
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Gilbert H. Smith
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Brian W. Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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22
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Witschen PM, Chaffee TS, Brady NJ, Huggins DN, Knutson TP, LaRue RS, Munro SA, Tiegs L, McCarthy JB, Nelson AC, Schwertfeger KL. Tumor Cell Associated Hyaluronan-CD44 Signaling Promotes Pro-Tumor Inflammation in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1325. [PMID: 32455980 PMCID: PMC7281239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been conceptualized as a chronic wound with a predominance of tumor promoting inflammation. Given the accumulating evidence that the microenvironment supports tumor growth, we investigated hyaluronan (HA)-CD44 interactions within breast cancer cells, to determine whether this axis directly impacts the formation of an inflammatory microenvironment. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells synthesize and fragment HA and express CD44 on the cell surface. Using RNA sequencing approaches, we found that loss of CD44 in breast cancer cells altered the expression of cytokine-related genes. Specifically, we found that production of the chemokine CCL2 by breast cancer cells was significantly decreased after depletion of either CD44 or HA. In vivo, we found that CD44 deletion in breast cancer cells resulted in a delay in tumor formation and localized progression. This finding was accompanied by a decrease in infiltrating CD206+ macrophages, which are typically associated with tumor promoting functions. Importantly, our laboratory results were supported by human breast cancer patient data, where increased HAS2 expression was significantly associated with a tumor promoting inflammatory gene signature. Because high levels of HA deposition within many tumor types yields a poorer prognosis, our results emphasize that HA-CD44 interactions potentially have broad implications across multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice M. Witschen
- Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Thomas S. Chaffee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Nicholas J. Brady
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Danielle N. Huggins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Todd P. Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rebecca S. LaRue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sarah A. Munro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lyubov Tiegs
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - James B. McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Andrew C. Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kathryn L. Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Takasugi M, Firsanov D, Tombline G, Ning H, Ablaeva J, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Naked mole-rat very-high-molecular-mass hyaluronan exhibits superior cytoprotective properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2376. [PMID: 32398747 PMCID: PMC7217962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rat (NMR), the longest-living rodent, produces very-high-molecular-mass hyaluronan (vHMM-HA), compared to other mammalian species. However, it is unclear if exceptional polymer length of vHMM-HA is important for longevity. Here, we show that vHMM-HA (>6.1 MDa) has superior cytoprotective properties compared to the shorter HMM-HA. It protects not only NMR cells, but also mouse and human cells from stress-induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death in a polymer length-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effect is dependent on the major HA-receptor, CD44. We find that vHMM-HA suppresses CD44 protein-protein interactions, whereas HMM-HA promotes them. As a result, vHMM-HA and HMM-HA induce opposing effects on the expression of CD44-dependent genes, which are associated with the p53 pathway. Concomitantly, vHMM-HA partially attenuates p53 and protects cells from stress in a p53-dependent manner. Our results implicate vHMM-HA in anti-aging mechanisms and suggest the potential applications of vHMM-HA for enhancing cellular stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takasugi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Denis Firsanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Gregory Tombline
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Hanbing Ning
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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WEE1 inhibitor, AZD1775, overcomes trastuzumab resistance by targeting cancer stem-like properties in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 472:119-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tóth G, Szöllősi J, Abken H, Vereb G, Szöőr Á. A Small Number of HER2 Redirected CAR T Cells Significantly Improves Immune Response of Adoptively Transferred Mouse Lymphocytes against Human Breast Cancer Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031039. [PMID: 32033208 PMCID: PMC7038081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 positive JIMT-1 breast tumors are resistant to trastuzumab treatment in vitro and develop resistance to trastuzumab in vivo in SCID mice. We explored whether these resistant tumors could still be eliminated by T cells redirected by a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing a CD28 costimulatory domain and targeting HER2 with a trastuzumab-derived scFv. In vitro, T cells engineered with this HER2 specific CAR recognized HER2 positive target cells as judged by cytokine production and cytolytic activity. In vivo, the administration of trastuzumab twice weekly had no effect on the growth of JIMT-1 xenografts in SCID mice. At the same time, a single dose of 2.5 million T cells from congenic mice exhibited a moderate xenoimmune response and even stable disease in some cases. In contrast, when the same dose contained 7% (175,000) CAR T cells, complete remission was achieved in 57 days. Even a reduced dose of 250,000 T cells, including only 17,500 CAR T cells, yielded complete remission, although it needed nearly twice the time. We conclude that even a small number of CAR T lymphocytes can evoke a robust anti-tumor response against an antibody resistant xenograft by focusing the activity of xenogenic T cells. This observation may have significance for optimizing the dose of CAR T cells in the therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tóth
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
| | - János Szöllősi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Dept. Genetic Immunotherapy, and University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - György Vereb
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-52-258-603 (G.V. & A.S.)
| | - Árpád Szöőr
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-52-258-603 (G.V. & A.S.)
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26
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García-Alonso S, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. Trastuzumab Emtansine: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance, Clinical Progress, and Beyond. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:130-146. [PMID: 32061303 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The approval of ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for clinical use represented a turning point both in HER2-positive breast cancer treatment and antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology. T-DM1 has proved its value and effectiveness in advanced metastatic disease as well as in the adjuvant setting. However, its therapeutic potential extends beyond the treatment of breast cancer. Around 100 clinical trials have evaluated or are studying different aspects of T-DM1, such as its role in other HER2 malignancies, rational combinations with immunotherapy, or its function in brain metastasis. Conceptually, many lessons can be learned from this ADC. Understanding its mechanisms of action and the molecular basis underlying resistance to T-DM1 may be relevant to comprehend resistances raised to other ADCs and identify pitfalls that may be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Alonso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer-CSIC, CIBERONC and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC and Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomedicas (CRIB), Castilla La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer-CSIC, CIBERONC and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.
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27
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Shakil MS, Hasan MA, Sarker SR. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Theranostics. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:446-456. [PMID: 30465497 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666181122105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. The extremely fast rate of metastasis and ability to develop resistance mechanism to all the conventional drugs make them very difficult to treat which are the causes of high morbidity and mortality of breast cancer patients. Scientists throughout the world have been focusing on the early detection of breast tumor so that treatment can be started at the very early stage. Moreover, conventional treatment processes such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and local surgery suffer from various limitations including toxicity, genetic mutation of normal cells, and spreading of cancer cells to healthy tissues. Therefore, new treatment regimens with minimum toxicity to normal cells need to be urgently developed. METHODS Iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely used for targeting hyperthermia and imaging of breast cancer cells. They can be conjugated with drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies or nucleotides to deliver them to target organs, tissues or tumors using external magnetic field. RESULTS Iron oxide nanoparticles have been successfully used as theranostic agents for breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, their functionalization with drugs or functional biomolecules enhance their drug delivery efficiency and reduces the systemic toxicity of drugs. CONCLUSION This review mainly focuses on the versatile applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on the diagnosis, treatment, and detecting progress of breast cancer treatment. Their wide application is because of their excellent superparamagnetic, biocompatible and biodegradable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Satya Ranjan Sarker
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
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Pereira PMR, Ragupathi A, Shmuel S, Mandleywala K, Viola NT, Lewis JS. HER2-Targeted PET Imaging and Therapy of Hyaluronan-Masked HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:327-337. [PMID: 31804840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a biomarker in breast cancer, and its overexpression is required to initiate therapies using HER2-targeted antibodies. Although trastuzumab is one of the most effective therapeutic antibodies in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, a significant number of patients do not benefit from this therapy due to inherent or acquired resistance mechanisms. One reported mechanism of resistance is the steric hindering effect caused by the polymeric complex formed between hyaluronan and CD44, thus preventing trastuzumab from binding to HER2. Hyaluronan/CD44 contributes as an obstacle for trastuzumab to bind HER2, but it is also involved in HER2 internalization. In this study, we used zirconium-89 (89Zr)-labeled trastuzumab immunoPET to investigate whether degradation of hyaluronan can resensitize HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. Targeted degradation of endogenously produced hyaluronan and inhibition of its synthesis were achieved by treating trastuzumab-resistant JIMT1 breast cancer cells with hyaluronidase (HLX) and 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU). The 4MU/HLX treatment reduced HER2 internalization by depleting hyaluronan/CD44 and the caveolin-1 (CAV1) endocytic protein, resulting in enhanced membrane-bound 89Zr-labeled trastuzumab. 4MU/HLX enhanced trastuzumab tumor uptake, as evidenced by increased tumor binding of the 89Zr-labeled trastuzumab in JIMT1 tumor xenografts. In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated a decrease in HER2-mediated oncogenic signaling upon cell treatment with 4MU/HLX. Importantly, 4MU/HLX enhanced trastuzumab efficacy in JIMT1 xenografts. These data showed the utility of 89Zr-labeled trastuzumab as a PET imaging agent to monitor the affinity of the antibody to HER2 during CD44/hyaluronan-specific inhibition with the overall goal of improving trastuzumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M R Pereira
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Ashwin Ragupathi
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Shayla Shmuel
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Komal Mandleywala
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Nerissa T Viola
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute , Wayne State University , 4100 John R Street , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York , United States.,Department of Pharmacology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York , United States.,Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York , United States.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York , United States
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29
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Váradi T, Schneider M, Sevcsik E, Kiesenhofer D, Baumgart F, Batta G, Kovács T, Platzer R, Huppa JB, Szöllősi J, Schütz GJ, Brameshuber M, Nagy P. Homo- and Heteroassociations Drive Activation of ErbB3. Biophys J 2019; 117:1935-1947. [PMID: 31653451 PMCID: PMC7018998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimerization or the formation of higher-order oligomers is required for the activation of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. The heregulin (HRG) receptor, ErbB3, must heterodimerize with other members of the family, preferentially ErbB2, to form a functional signal transducing complex. Here, we applied single molecule imaging capable of detecting long-lived and mobile associations to measure their stoichiometry and mobility and analyzed data from experiments globally, taking the different lateral mobility of monomeric and dimeric molecular species into account. Although ErbB3 was largely monomeric in the absence of stimulation and ErbB2 co-expression, a small fraction was present as constitutive homodimers exhibiting a ∼40% lower mobility than monomers. HRG stimulation increased the homodimeric fraction of ErbB3 significantly and reduced the mobility of homodimers fourfold compared to constitutive homodimers. Expression of ErbB2 elevated the homodimeric fraction of ErbB3 even in unstimulated cells and induced a ∼2-fold reduction in the lateral mobility of ErbB3 homodimers. The mobility of ErbB2 was significantly lower than that of ErbB3, and HRG induced a less pronounced decrease in the diffusion coefficient of all ErbB2 molecules and ErbB3/ErbB2 heterodimers than in the mobility of ErbB3. The slower diffusion of ErbB2 compared to ErbB3 was abolished by depolymerizing actin filaments, whereas ErbB2 expression induced a substantial rearrangement of microfilaments, implying a bidirectional interaction between ErbB2 and actin. HRG stimulation of cells co-expressing ErbB3 and ErbB2 led to the formation of ErbB3 homodimers and ErbB3/ErbB2 heterodimers in a competitive fashion. Although pertuzumab, an antibody binding to the dimerization arm of ErbB2, completely abolished the formation of constitutive and HRG-induced ErbB3/ErbB2 heterodimers, it only slightly blocked ErbB3 homodimerization. The results imply that a dynamic equilibrium exists between constitutive and ligand-induced homo- and heterodimers capable of shaping transmembrane signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Váradi
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Eva Sevcsik
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science of Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Platzer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Twarock S, Reichert C, Bach K, Reiners O, Kretschmer I, Gorski DJ, Gorges K, Grandoch M, Fischer JW. Inhibition of the hyaluronan matrix enhances metabolic anticancer therapy by dichloroacetate in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4474-4490. [PMID: 31351004 PMCID: PMC6932941 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Aerobic glycolysis is a unique feature of tumour cells that entails several advantages for cancer progression such as resistance to apoptosis. The low MW compound, dichloroacetate, is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, which restores oxidative phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer entities. However, its therapeutic effectiveness is limited by resistance mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the role of the anti‐apoptotic hyaluronan (HA) matrix in this context and to identify a potential add‐on treatment option to overcome this limitation. Experimental Approach The metabolic connection between dichloroacetate treatment and HA matrix augmentation was analysed in vitro by quantitative PCR and affinity cytochemistry. Metabolic pathways were analysed using Seahorse, HPLC, fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, colourimetry, immunoblots, and immunochemistry. The effects of combining dichloroacetate with the HA synthesis inhibitor 4‐methylumbelliferone was evaluated in 2D and 3D cell cultures and in a nude mouse tumour xenograft regression model by immunoblot, immunochemistry, and FACS analysis. Key Results Mitochondrial reactivation induced by dichloroacetate metabolically activated HA synthesis by augmenting precursors as well as O‐GlcNAcylation. This process was blocked by 4‐methylumbelliferone, resulting in enhanced anti‐tumour efficacy in 2D and 3D cell culture and in a nude mouse tumour xenograft regression model. Conclusions and Implications The HA rich tumour micro‐environment represents a metabolic factor contributing to chemotherapy resistance. HA synthesis inhibition exhibited pronounced synergistic actions with dichloroacetate treatment on oesophageal tumour cell proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo suggesting the combination of these two strategies is an effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Twarock
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Reichert
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Bach
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiners
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Kretschmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel J Gorski
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Gorges
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer: The role of hyaluronan. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:9-19. [PMID: 31319162 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of macromolecules such as proteoglycans (PGs), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteins present within all tissues and organs. The main role of ECM is not only to provide an essential mechanical scaffold for the cells but also to mediate crucial biochemical cues that are required for tissue homeostasis. Dysregulations in ECM deposition alter cell microenvironment, triggering the onset or the rapid progression of several diseases, including cancer. Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of ECM considered as one of the main players of cancer initiation and progression. This review discusses how HA participate in and regulate several aspects of tumorigenesis, with particular attention to the hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg such as sustaining of the proliferative signaling, evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis, activation of invasion and metastases, reprogramming of energy metabolism and evasion of immune response.
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Tumor-suppressive functions of 4-MU on breast cancer cells of different ER status: Regulation of hyaluronan/HAS2/CD44 and specific matrix effectors. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:118-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Han S, Huang T, Li W, Wang X, Wu X, Liu S, Yang W, Shi Q, Li H, Hou F. Prognostic Value of CD44 and Its Isoforms in Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:39. [PMID: 30788285 PMCID: PMC6372530 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cancer stem cell marker CD44 and its variant isoforms (CD44v) may be correlated with tumor growth, metastasis, and chemo-radiotherapy resistance. However, the prognostic power of CD44 and CD44v in advanced cancer remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to generalize the prognostic significance of these cancer stem cell markers in advanced cancer patients. Methods: Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated from multivariable analysis to assess the associations among CD44, CD44v6, and CD44v9 positivity and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also conducted. Results: We included 15 articles that reported on 1,201 patients with advanced cancer (CD44: nine studies with 796 cases, CD44v6: three studies with 143 cases, and CD44v9: three studies with 262 cases). CD44 expression was slightly linked to worse OS (HR = 2.03, P = 0.027), but there was no correlation between CD44 expression and DFS, RFS, or PFS. Stratified analysis showed that CD44 expression was not correlated with OS at ≥5 years or OS in patients receiving adjuvant therapy. CD44v6 expression was not associated with OS. CD44v9 expression was closely associated with poor 5-years CSS in patients treated with chemo/radiotherapy (HR = 3.62, P < 0.001). However, TSA suggested that additional trials were needed to confirm these conclusions. Conclusions: CD44 or CD44v9 might be novel therapeutic targets for improving the treatment of advanced cancer patients. Additional prospective clinical trials are strongly needed across different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Han
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjia Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenggang Hou
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fahad Ullah M. Breast Cancer: Current Perspectives on the Disease Status. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:51-64. [PMID: 31456179 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer related death in women. Evidence in literature has shown that the past and ongoing research has an enormous implication in improving the clinical outcome in breast cancer. This has been attributed to the progress made in the realm of screening, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies engaged in breast cancer management. However, poor prognosis in TNBC and drug resistance presents major inhibitions which are also current challenges for containing the disease. Similarly, a focal point of concern is the rising rate of breast cancer incidence and mortality among the population of under developed world. In this chapter, an overview of the current practices for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and associated impediments has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fahad Ullah
- Prince Fahd Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk-71491, Saudi Arabia.
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35
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Hanoux V, Eguida J, Fleurot E, Levallet J, Bonnamy PJ. Increase in hyaluronic acid degradation decreases the expression of estrogen receptor alpha in MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:185-197. [PMID: 29753772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The loss of estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in breast cancer constitutes a major hallmark of tumor progression to metastasis and is generally correlated to a strong increase in Hyaluronic Acid (HA) turnover. The aim of our study was to search for a putative link between these two major events of breast cancer progression in the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The increase in HA turnover was performed by stable overexpression of the standard CD44 (CD44S) isoform and also by treatment with exogenous Hyaluronidase (Hyal) to allow an increase in HA catabolism. Stable overexpression of CD44S in MCF7 cells was correlated to a decrease in ESR1 gene expression, which did not lead to alteration of estrogen response. Moreover, our results showed that the exposure to exogenous Hyal stimulates the proliferation and strongly decreases the expression of ERα whatever the expression level of CD44 in the MCF7 cell line. The culture in the presence of Hyal led to the decrease in estrogens responsiveness and to hormonal therapy resistance. The effect on growth is correlated to the activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways while the Hyal-induced down-regulation of ESR1 gene expression involves the activation of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Many of our data suggest that the effects of Hyal described here could be related to the activation of TLR signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the increase in HA degradation could be involved in breast cancer progression and in resistance to hormonal therapy.
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36
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Fang J, Zhang S, Xue X, Zhu X, Song S, Wang B, Jiang L, Qin M, Liang H, Gao L. Quercetin and doxorubicin co-delivery using mesoporous silica nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of gastric carcinoma chemotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5113-5126. [PMID: 30233175 PMCID: PMC6135215 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s170862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective gastric carcinoma (GC) chemotherapy is subject to many in vitro and in vivo barriers, such as tumor microenvironment and multidrug resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, we developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified silica nanoparticle (HA-SiLN/QD) co-delivering quercetin and doxorubicin (DOX) to enhance the efficacy of GC therapy (HA-SiLN/QD). The HA modification was done to recognize overexpressed CD44 receptors on GC cells and mediate selective tumor targeting. In parallel, quercetin delivery decreased the expression of Wnt16 and P-glycoprotein, thus remodeling the tumor microenvironment and reversed multidrug resistance to facilitate DOX activity. RESULTS Experimental results demonstrated that HA-SiLN/QD was nanoscaled particles with preferable stability and sustained release property. In vitro cell experiments on SGC7901/ADR cells showed selective uptake and increased DOX retention as compared to the DOX mono-delivery system (HA-SiLN/D). CONCLUSION In vivo anticancer assays on the SGC7901/ADR tumor-bearing mice model also revealed significantly enhanced efficacy of HA-SiLN/QD than mono-delivery systems (HA-SiLN/Q and HA-SiLN/D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shiduo Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Linhua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mingde Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Stem Cell and Biomedical Material Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province (The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hansi Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Stem Cell and Biomedical Material Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province (The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
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37
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Yu C, Xue P, Zhang L, Pan R, Cai Z, He Z, Sun J, Zheng M. Prediction of key genes and pathways involved in trastuzumab-resistant gastric cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:174. [PMID: 30134903 PMCID: PMC6106878 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trastuzumab has been prevailingly accepted as a beneficial treatment for gastric cancer (GC) by targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive. However, the therapeutic resistance of trastuzumab remains a major obstacle, restricting the therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, identifying potential key genes and pathways is crucial to maximize the overall clinical benefits. Methods The gene expression profile GSE77346 was retrieved to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the trastuzumab resistance in GC. Next, the DEGs were annotated by the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The DEGs-coded protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and the prognostic values of the 20 hub genes were determined. Correlation of the hub genes were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas. The prognostic values of hub genes were further validated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter. Results A total of 849 DEGs were identified, with 374 in upregulation and 475 in downregulation. Epithelium development was the most significantly enriched term in biological processes while membrane-bounded vesicle was in cellular compartments and cell adhesion molecular binding was in molecular functions. Pathways in cancer and ECM-receptor interaction were the most significantly enriched for all DEGs. Among the PPI networks, 20 hub genes were defined, including CD44 molecule (CD44), HER-2, and cadherin 1 (CDH1). Six hub genes were associated with favorable OS while eight were associated with poor OS. Mechanistically, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 3 (OAS1, OAS3) and CDH1 featured high degrees and strong correlations with other hub genes. Conclusions This bioinformatics analysis identified key genes and pathways for potential targets and survival predictors for trastuzumab treatment in GC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12957-018-1475-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirui He
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Kubota T, Kuroda S, Kanaya N, Morihiro T, Aoyama K, Kakiuchi Y, Kikuchi S, Nishizaki M, Kagawa S, Tazawa H, Fujiwara T. HER2-targeted gold nanoparticles potentially overcome resistance to trastuzumab in gastric cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1919-1929. [PMID: 29885899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An issue of concern is that no current HER2-targeted therapeutic agent is effective against Trastuzumab (Tmab)-resistant gastric cancer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising drug carriers with unique characteristics of a large surface area available for attachment of materials such as antibodies. Here, we created HER2-targeted AuNPs (T-AuNPs) and examined their therapeutic efficacy and cytotoxic mechanisms using HER2-postive Tmab-resistant (MKN7) or Tmab-sensitive (NCI-N87) gastric cancer cell lines. In vitro, T-AuNPs showed stronger cytotoxic effects than controls against MKN7 and NCI-N87 cells although Tmab had no effect on MKN7 cells. Autophagy played an important role in T-AuNP cytotoxic mechanisms, which was considered to be driven by internalization of T-AuNPs. Finally, T-AuNPs displayed potent antitumor effects against NCI-N87 and MKN7 subcutaneous tumors in in vivo mouse models. In conclusion, HER2-targeted AuNPs with conjugated Tmab is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents to overcome Tmab resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Kanaya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Morihiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Aoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishizaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Wege AK, Weber F, Kroemer A, Ortmann O, Nimmerjahn F, Brockhoff G. IL-15 enhances the anti-tumor activity of trastuzumab against breast cancer cells but causes fatal side effects in humanized tumor mice (HTM). Oncotarget 2018; 8:2731-2744. [PMID: 27835865 PMCID: PMC5356837 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been shown to enhance established treatment regimens. We evaluated the potential reinforcing effect of IL-15 in trastuzumab treated humanized tumor mice (HTM) which were generated by concurrent transplantation of neonatal NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and HER2 positive breast cancer cells (metastasizing SK-BR-3, solid tumor forming BT474). We found that trastuzumab treatment efficacy mainly depends on the immediate anti-tumorigenic cellular effect which is significantly enhanced by tumor interacting immune cells upon cotransplantion of HSC. However, trastuzumab treatment caused elevated CD44 expression on tumor cells that metastasized into the lung and liver but did not hinder tumor cell dissemination into the bone marrow. Moreover, in a number of SK-BR-3-transplanted animals disseminated CD44high/CD24low tumor cells lost trastuzumab sensitivity. Concerning the FcγRIIIa polymorphism, trastuzumab treatment efficiency in HTM was higher in mice with NK-cells harboring the high affinity FcγRIIIa compared to those with low affinity FcγRIIIa. In contrast, IL-15 caused the strongest NK-cell activation in heterozygous low affinity FcγRIIIa animals. Although IL-15 enhanced the trastuzumab mediated tumor defense, an unspecific immune stimulation resulted in preterm animal death due to systemic inflammation. Overall, treatment studies based on “patient-like” HTM revealed critical and adverse immune-related mechanisms which must be managed prior to clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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40
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Butti R, Das S, Gunasekaran VP, Yadav AS, Kumar D, Kundu GC. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in breast cancer: signaling, therapeutic implications and challenges. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:34. [PMID: 29455658 PMCID: PMC5817867 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and driven by aberrant regulation of cell signaling pathways due to the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes. An array of growth factors and their receptors is involved in cancer development and metastasis. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) constitute a class of receptors that play important role in cancer progression. RTKs are cell surface receptors with specialized structural and biological features which respond to environmental cues by initiating appropriate signaling cascades in tumor cells. RTKs are known to regulate various downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT. These pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer stemness, angiogenesis and metastasis. These pathways are also imperative for a reciprocal interaction of tumor and stromal cells. Multi-faceted role of RTKs renders them amenable to therapy in breast cancer. However, structural mutations, gene amplification and alternate pathway activation pose challenges to anti-RTK therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Butti
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sumit Das
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vinoth Prasanna Gunasekaran
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India.
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41
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Kim YJ, Sung D, Oh E, Cho Y, Cho TM, Farrand L, Seo JH, Kim JY. Flubendazole overcomes trastuzumab resistance by targeting cancer stem-like properties and HER2 signaling in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 412:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Peckys DB, Korf U, Wiemann S, de Jonge N. Liquid-phase electron microscopy of molecular drug response in breast cancer cells reveals irresponsive cell subpopulations related to lack of HER2 homodimers. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:mbc.E17-06-0381. [PMID: 28794264 PMCID: PMC5687022 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance in cancer poses a major clinical problem. An example is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing breast cancer often treated with anti-HER2 antibody therapies, such as trastuzumab. Since drug resistance is rooted mainly in tumor cell heterogeneity, we examined the drug effect in different subpopulations of SKBR3 breast cancer cells, and compared the results with a drug resistant cell line, HCC1954. Correlative light microscopy and liquid-phase scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were used to quantitatively analyze HER2 responses upon drug binding, whereby many tens of whole cells were imaged. Trastuzumab was found to selectively cross-link and down regulate HER2 homodimers from the plasma membranes of bulk cancer cells. In contrast, HER2 resided mainly as monomers in rare subpopulations of resting- and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and these monomers were not internalized after drug binding. The HER2 distribution was hardly influenced by trastuzumab for the HCC1954 cells. These findings show that resting cells and CSCs are irresponsive to the drug, and thus point towards a molecular explanation behind the origin of drug resistance. This analytical method is broadly applicable to study membrane protein interactions in the intact plasma membrane, while accounting for cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B Peckys
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Korf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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43
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Nejatollahi F, Bayat P, Moazen B. Cell growth inhibition and apoptotic effects of a specific anti-RTFscFv antibody on prostate cancer, but not glioblastoma, cells. F1000Res 2017; 6:156. [PMID: 28491282 PMCID: PMC5399964 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10803.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Single chain antibody (scFv) has shown interesting results in cancer immunotargeting approaches, due to its advantages over monoclonal antibodies. Regeneration and tolerance factor (RTF) is one of the most important regulators of extracellular and intracellular pH in eukaryotic cells. In this study, the inhibitory effects of a specific anti-RTF scFv were investigated and compared between three types of prostate cancer and two types of glioblastoma cells.
Methods: A phage antibody display library of scFv was used to select specific scFvs against RTF using panning process. The reactivity of a selected scFv was assessed by phage ELISA. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the antibody on prostate cancer (PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP) and glioblastoma (U-87 MG and A-172) cell lines were investigated by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays.
Results: A specific scFv with frequency 35% was selected against RTF epitope. This significantly inhibited the proliferation of the prostate cells after 24 h. The percentages of cell viability (using 1000 scFv/cell) were 52, 61 and 73% for PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively, compared to untreated cells. The antibody (1000 scFv/cell) induced apoptosis at 50, 40 and 25% in PC-3, Du-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively. No growth inhibition and apoptotic induction was detected for U-87 and A172 glioblastoma cells.
Conclusions: Anti-RTFscFv significantly reduced the proliferation of the prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of cell growth and apoptotic induction effects in PC-3 cells were greater than Du-145 and LNCaP cells. This might be due to higher expression of RTF antigen in PC-3 cells and/or better accessibility of RTF to scFv antibody. The resistance of glioblastoma cells to anti-RTF scFv offers the existence of mechanism(s) that abrogate the inhibitory effect(s) of the antibody to RTF. The results suggest that the selected anti-RTF scFv antibody could be an effective new alternative for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Payam Bayat
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Moazen
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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44
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Graziano V, Scognamiglio MT, Zilli M, Giampietro J, Vici P, Natoli C, Grassadonia A. Is the skin a sanctuary for breast cancer cells during treatment with anti-HER2 antibodies? Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:1704-9. [PMID: 26552483 PMCID: PMC4847805 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of skin metastases is a common event in patients affected by advanced breast cancer, usually associated with systemic disease progression. Here we describe 2 cases of diffuse cutaneous metastases from HER2-overexpressing breast cancer occurring despite a dramatic response in liver and bone, respectively, during treatment with anti-HER2 antibodies Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. We discuss the reasons for this discrepancy and suggest a possible implication of impaired immune response in the skin. Future research should provide strategies to overcome the induction of immune privilege in the skin in order to avoid discontinuation of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Graziano
- a Department of Medical ; Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; University "G. D'Annunzio" ; Chieti , Italy
| | | | - Marinella Zilli
- c Medical Oncology Unit; "SS. Annunziata" Hospital ; Chieti , Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Vici
- d Division of Medical Oncology B; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute ; Rome , Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- a Department of Medical ; Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; University "G. D'Annunzio" ; Chieti , Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- a Department of Medical ; Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; University "G. D'Annunzio" ; Chieti , Italy
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45
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Mao L, Sun AJ, Wu JZ, Tang JH. Involvement of microRNAs in HER2 signaling and trastuzumab treatment. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5405-3. [PMID: 27734339 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of HER2 has been demonstrated in many human cancer types such us breast cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer. Trastuzumab is the first anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that has remarkably improved outcomes of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. For HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancers, the addition of trastuzumab to traditional chemotherapy also significantly prolonged overall survival. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance to trastuzumab is common and results in disease progression. HER2 signaling network and mechanisms underlying the resistance have been broadly investigated in order to develop strategy to overcome the dilemma. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNA), a group of small non-coding RNAs, are involved in HER2 signaling and trastuzumab treatment. This review summarizes all the miRNAs that target HER2 and describes their activity on biological processes. Moreover, miRNAs that regulate trastuzumab resistance and relevant molecular mechanisms are highlighted. MiRNA signatures associated with HER2, miRNAs that mediate trastuzumab activity, and potential miRNA biomarkers of trastuzumab sensitivity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mao
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Xuzhou medical university, Huai'an, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Xuzhou medical university, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 42Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
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Yoshida E, Kudo D, Nagase H, Shimoda H, Suto S, Negishi M, Kakizaki I, Endo M, Hakamada K. Antitumor effects of the hyaluronan inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone on pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2337-2344. [PMID: 27698797 PMCID: PMC5038477 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and influences tumor invasion and metastasis. In a previous study, the present authors reported for the first time that 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) inhibited HA synthesis and suppressed tumor growth. However, the localization of HA and the changes in ECM morphology caused by MU in pancreatic cancer remain to be examined in detail. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of MU and its effect on cellular proliferation was evaluated in the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. The amount of HA synthesized and the retention of HA around the cells were quantitatively and immunohistochemically analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Structural changes in the ECM in the tumor tissue were investigated using an electron microscope. MU treatment led to a decrease in extracellular HA retention, as evidenced by a particle exclusion assay and immunohistochemical staining. Cell proliferation was suppressed by MU in a dose-dependent manner. The release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium due to damage to the cellular membrane did not increase following MU administration. In tumor-inoculated mice, MU suppressed any increase in tumor volume and decreased the quantity of HA. Electron microscopy revealed that MU attenuated the intercellular space and caused it to be less cohesive. These data indicate that MU inhibits HA synthesis and reduces the amount of HA in the ECM while exhibiting no obvious cytotoxic effect. These findings suggest that MU has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hayato Nagase
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Department of Anatomical Science, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Suto
- Department of Glycobiomedicine, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Mika Negishi
- Department of Glycobiomedicine, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kakizaki
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masahiko Endo
- Department of Glycobiomedicine, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Yang Z, Luo H, Cao Z, Chen Y, Gao J, Li Y, Jiang Q, Xu R, Liu J. Dual-targeting hybrid nanoparticles for the delivery of SN38 to Her2 and CD44 overexpressed human gastric cancer. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11543-11558. [PMID: 27203688 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), particularly of the type with high expression of both human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) and cluster determinant 44 (CD44), is one of the most malignant human tumors which causes a high mortality rate due to rapid tumor growth and metastasis. To develop effective therapeutic treatments, a dual-targeting hybrid nanoparticle (NP) system was designed and constructed to deliver the SN38 agent specifically to human solid gastric tumors bearing excessive Her2 and CD44. The hybrid NPs consist of a particle core made of the biodegradable polymer PLGA and a lipoid shell prepared by conjugating the AHNP peptides and n-hexadecylamine (HDA) to the carboxyl groups of hyaluronic acid (HA). Upon encapsulation of the SN38 agent in the NPs, the AHNP peptides and HA on the NP surface allow preferential delivery of the drug to gastric cancer cells (e.g., HGC27 cells) by targeting Her2 and CD44. Cellular uptake and in vivo biodistribution experiments verified the active targeting and prolonged in vivo circulation properties of the dual-targeting hybrid NPs, leading to enhanced accumulation of the drug in tumors. Furthermore, the anti-proliferation mechanism studies revealed that the inhibition of the growth and invasive activity of HGC27 cells was not only attributed to the enhanced cellular uptake of dual-targeting NPs, but also benefited from the suppression of CD44 and Her2 expression by HA and AHNP moieties. Finally, intravenous administration of the SN38-loaded dual-targeting hybrid NPs induced significant growth inhibition of HGC27 tumor xenografted in nude mice compared with a clinical antitumor agent, Irinotecan (CPT-11), and the other NP formulations. These results demonstrate that the designed dual-targeting hybrid NPs are promising for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery to treat human gastric tumors over-expressing Her2 and CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Huiyan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China. and Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.
| | - Zhong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Jinbiao Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yingqin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Ruihua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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48
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Classification, Treatment Strategy, and Associated Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 16:335-343. [PMID: 27268750 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, affecting 1.7 million patients every year worldwide. As a result of its heterogeneous nature, the genetic profile and associated clinical feature varies greatly among different breast cancer subtypes. With the advancement of molecular biology, our understanding of breast cancer has improved greatly in recent years. In this review, we examine different types of breast cancer and summarize their clinical features, current treatment schemes, and potential drug resistance profiles in response to treatments. We believe that the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of each treatment and subsequent drug resistance development will eventually lead to the discovery of more effective and efficient second-line therapeutics.
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49
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Pera E, Kaemmerer E, Milevskiy MJG, Yapa KTDS, O'Donnell JS, Brown MA, Simpson F, Peters AA, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. The voltage gated Ca(2+)-channel Cav3.2 and therapeutic responses in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:24. [PMID: 27034617 PMCID: PMC4815142 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the cause of therapeutic resistance and identifying new biomarkers in breast cancer to predict therapeutic responses will help optimise patient care. Calcium (Ca2+)-signalling is important in a variety of processes associated with tumour progression, including breast cancer cell migration and proliferation. Ca2+-signalling is also linked to the acquisition of multidrug resistance. This study aimed to assess the expression level of proteins involved in Ca2+-signalling in an in vitro model of trastuzumab-resistance and to assess the ability of identified targets to reverse resistance and/or act as potential biomarkers for prognosis or therapy outcome. Methods Expression levels of a panel of Ca2+-pumps, channels and channel regulators were assessed using RT-qPCR in resistant and sensitive age-matched SKBR3 breast cancer cells, established through continuous culture in the absence or presence of trastuzumab. The role of Cav3.2 in the acquisition of trastuzumab-resistance was assessed through pharmacological inhibition and induced overexpression. Levels of Cav3.2 were assessed in a panel of non-malignant and malignant breast cell lines using RT-qPCR and in patient samples representing different molecular subtypes (PAM50 cohort). Patient survival was also assessed in samples stratified by Cav3.2 expression (METABRIC and KM-Plotter cohort). Results Increased mRNA of Cav3.2 was a feature of both acquired and intrinsic trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 cells. However, pharmacological inhibition of Cav3.2 did not restore trastuzumab-sensitivity nor did Cav3.2 overexpression induce the expression of markers associated with resistance, suggesting that Cav3.2 is not a driver of trastuzumab-resistance. Cav3.2 levels were significantly higher in luminal A, luminal B and HER2-enriched subtypes compared to the basal subtype. High levels of Cav3.2 were associated with poor outcome in patients with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers, whereas Cav3.2 levels were correlated positively with patient survival after chemotherapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancers. Conclusion Our study identified elevated levels of Cav3.2 in trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 cell lines. Although not a regulator of trastuzumab-resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer cells, Cav3.2 may be a potential differential biomarker for survival and treatment response in specific breast cancer subtypes. These studies add to the complex and diverse role of Ca2+-signalling in breast cancer progression and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-016-0299-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pera
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Elke Kaemmerer
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Michael J G Milevskiy
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kunsala T D S Yapa
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Jake S O'Donnell
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Melissa A Brown
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Amelia A Peters
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Sarah J Roberts-Thomson
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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50
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Rodems TS, Iida M, Brand TM, Pearson HE, Orbuch RA, Flanigan BG, Wheeler DL. Adaptive responses to antibody based therapy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:153-63. [PMID: 26808665 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) represent a large class of protein kinases that span the cellular membrane. There are 58 human RTKs identified which are grouped into 20 distinct families based upon their ligand binding, sequence homology and structure. They are controlled by ligand binding which activates intrinsic tyrosine-kinase activity. This activity leads to the phosphorylation of distinct tyrosines on the cytoplasmic tail, leading to the activation of cell signaling cascades. These signaling cascades ultimately regulate cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, survival and homeostasis of the cell. The vast majority of RTKs have been directly tied to the etiology and progression of cancer. Thus, using antibodies to target RTKs as a cancer therapeutic strategy has been intensely pursued. Although antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have shown promise in the clinical arena, the development of both intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibody-based therapies is now well appreciated. In this review we provide an overview of the RTK family, the biology of EGFR and HER2, as well as an in-depth review of the adaptive responses undertaken by cells in response to antibody based therapies directed against these receptors. A greater understanding of these mechanisms and their relevance in human models will lead to molecular insights in overcoming and circumventing resistance to antibody based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Rodems
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 3136, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 3136, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Toni M Brand
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 3136, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Hannah E Pearson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 3136, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Rachel A Orbuch
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 3136, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Bailey G Flanigan
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 3136, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Deric L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 3136, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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