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Li F, Ouyang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Milon Essola J, Ali B, Wu X, Zhu M, Guo W, Liang XJ. Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301770. [PMID: 36964936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T-cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T-cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T-cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T-cell immunotherapy. Here, how T-cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T-cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T-cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Zuqin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Julien Milon Essola
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Barkat Ali
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Food Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Zhou L, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang X, Spring Kong FM, Lu Y, Xue J. Low-dose radiation therapy mobilizes antitumor immunity: New findings and future perspectives. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1143-1157. [PMID: 38059788 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has unique immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Although high-dose radiotherapy has been found to have systemic antitumor effects, clinically significant abscopal effects were uncommon on the basis of irradiating single lesion. Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) emerges as a novel approach to enhance the antitumor immune response due to its role as a leverage to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this article, from bench to bedside, we reviewed the possible immunomodulatory role of LDRT on TIME and systemic tumor immune environment, and outlined preclinical evidence and clinical application. We also discussed the current challenges when LDRT is used as a combination therapy, including the optimal dose, fraction, frequency, and combination of drugs. The advantage of low toxicity makes LDRT potential to be applied in multiple lesions to amplify antitumor immune response in polymetastatic disease, and its intersection with other disciplines might also make it a direction for radiotherapy-combined modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyan Zhou
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxin Liu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanjun Wu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Ming Spring Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - You Lu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 3 and 4 genes as prognostic and outcome biomarkers in melanoma patients. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:309-317. [PMID: 35855659 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors, and in the setting of rising incidence and mortality, there is an urgent need to identify new prognostic markers. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are aberrantly expressed in numerous cancers, including melanoma. TLR signaling provides a microenvironment that is involved in antitumor immune response, chronic inflammation, cancer cell proliferation and evasion of immune destruction. In the present study, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR3 and TLR4 genes are associated with clinicopathologic features, progression and survival of melanoma patients. The study was conducted on 120 melanoma patients. DNA extracted from peripheral blood was genotyped for TLR3 polymorphisms rs5743312 and rs3775291 (L412F) and TLR4 polymorphisms rs4986790 (D299G) and rs4986791 (T399I), by TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assays. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared by the log-rank test. TLR3 polymorphism L412F was associated with a higher mitotic index (P = 0.035). TLR4 D299G and T399I polymorphisms were associated with indicators of melanoma severity, nodal metastases (P = 0.005 and P = 0.007, respectively) and advanced stage III (P = 0.005 and P = 0.004, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) predicted better overall survival (HR = 0.318; P = 0.004). TLR4 T399I polymorphism was significantly associated with worse survival, P = 0.025. The overall survival rates were significantly lower for patients carrying variant allele T of TLR4 T399I SNP (TC and TT genotypes combined) (P = 0.008, log-rank test), compared to wild-type genotype CC. Our findings indicate that TLR4 polymorphisms T399I (rs4986791) and D299G (rs4986790) could be potential prognostic and survival markers for melanoma patients.
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Schluck M, Eggermont LJ, Weiden J, Popelier C, Weiss L, Pilzecker B, Kolder S, Heinemans A, Rodriguez Mogeda C, Verdoes M, Figdor CG, Hammink R. Dictating Phenotype, Function, and Fate of Human T Cells with Co‐Stimulatory Antibodies Presented by Filamentous Immune Cell Mimics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Schluck
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Jorieke Weiden
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Popelier
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Lea Weiss
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Kolder
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Anne Heinemans
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez Mogeda
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Radboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein 26 Nijmegen GA 6525 The Netherlands
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5
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Qin H, Zhao R, Qin Y, Zhu J, Chen L, Di C, Han X, Cheng K, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Shi J, Anderson GJ, Zhao Y, Nie G. Development of a Cancer Vaccine Using In Vivo Click-Chemistry-Mediated Active Lymph Node Accumulation for Improved Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006007. [PMID: 33792097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ability to elicit a potent immune reaction with low systemic toxicity, cancer vaccines represent a promising strategy for treating tumors. Considerable effort has been directed toward improving the in vivo efficacy of cancer vaccines, with direct lymph node (LN) targeting being the most promising approach. Here, a click-chemistry-based active LN accumulation system (ALAS) is developed by surface modification of lymphatic endothelial cells with an azide group, which provide targets for dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-modified liposomes, to improve the delivery of encapsulated antigen and adjuvant to LNs. When loading with OVA257-264 peptide and poly(I:C), the formulation elicits an enhanced CD8+ T cell response in vivo, resulting in a much more efficient therapeutic effect and prolonged median survival of mice. Compared to treatment with DBCO-conjugated liposomes (DL)-Ag/Ad without the azide targeting, the percent survival of ALAS-vaccine-treated mice improves by 100% over 60 days. Altogether, the findings indicate that the novel ALAS approach is a powerful strategy to deliver vaccine components to LNs for enhanced antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunzhi Di
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, China
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6
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Dendritic cell therapy in cancer treatment; the state-of-the-art. Life Sci 2020; 254:117580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Synthetic tumor-specific antigenic peptides with a strong affinity to HLA-A2 elicit anti-breast cancer immune response through activating CD8 + T cells. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112051. [PMID: 31968280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Researches on tumor-associated antigen have become a hot target in immunotherapy, but it stagnated in the pre-clinical/clinical stages. Here, we developed a series of MAGE-A1-restricted antigenic peptides, which exhibited prominent inhibiting effect on specific breast cancer. Peptides were synthesized by Fmoc solid phase method and analyzed by online servers. The stability and affinity to HLA-A2 was assessed by inverted fluorescence and flow cytometry qualitatively and quantitatively. In vitro effect on dendritic cells (DCs) maturation was observed by morphology and surface markers. The secretion of IFN-γ in the supernatant was detected by co-incubation of DCs loaded with as-synthesized peptides and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The specific immune response was evaluated against 4 cell lines, and the response in MCF-7 xenografted BALB/c nude mice were further assessed. Most of the derived peptides, especially I-6, showed great HLA-A2 binding ability. Compared with cytokines, I-6 significantly induced DCs maturation and promoted CD8+ T lymphocytes activation. Additionally, it is more specific for the lethality of MAGE & HLA-A2 double positive cells compared with others. We successfully developed I-6 with a high affinity to HLA-A2 which could induce strong specific immune response. It could be a potential candidate for breast cancer immunotherapy, which deserves further studies.
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Li C, Zhu D, Zhao Y, Guo Q, Sun W, Li L, Gao D, Zhao P. Dendritic Cells Therapy with Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Activated Cytotoxic T Cells Attenuated Th2 Bias Immune Response. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:522-534. [PMID: 31793363 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1696360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THIS STUDY The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the DC cells combined with CIK cells (DC/CIK) and DC activated cytotoxic T cells (DC-ACT) treatment can promote antitumor response and change the immune indicators by targeting the heterogeneous tumor cell populations at a system level. METHODS In this study, 112 patients with cancer were assigned to the DC/CIK treatment and 116 patients received the DC-ACT therapy. We detected the lymphocyte subsets and other immune indicators pre- and post-treatment to evaluate the changes of patient's immunity and compare the differences in immune status between two adoptive cellular immunotherapies. RESULTS DC/CIK therapy elevated the percentage of CD3+ HLA-DR+ T cells, NK cells and several serological cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6 after cell infusion (p < .05). DC-ACT therapy could increase the total CD3 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD3+ HLA-DR+ cells and IL-12 cytokines after cell infusion (p < .05). The levels of IL-4/IFN-γ, IL-4/IL-12 and IL-6/IL-12 were reduced significantly in the DC-ACT group compared with DC/CIK group. These observations suggested that DC-ACT therapy has more dominance to induce Th1 cytokine response instead of skewing toward the Th2 cytokine profile based on the immunomodulatory properties. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that DC, CIK, and DC-ACT cells exert anti-tumor activity through the different pathways. Thus, this work may provide valuable insights into the clinical curative effect evaluation of immunocyte therapy and the design of combined immunotherapeutic strategies for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Li
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China.,Cancer Biotherapy Center of Qingdao Key Lab , Qingdao, China
| | - Danni Zhu
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China.,Cancer Biotherapy Center of Qingdao Key Lab , Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China
| | - Qingming Guo
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China.,Cancer Biotherapy Center of Qingdao Key Lab , Qingdao, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China.,Cancer Biotherapy Center of Qingdao Key Lab , Qingdao, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Queen Mary School, Medical college of Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
| | - Daiqing Gao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China.,Cancer Biotherapy Center of Qingdao Key Lab , Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China.,Cancer Biotherapy Center of Qingdao Key Lab , Qingdao, China
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9
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Krakow S, Crescimone ML, Bartels C, Wiegering V, Eyrich M, Schlegel PG, Wölfl M. Re-expression of CD14 in Response to a Combined IL-10/TLR Stimulus Defines Monocyte-Derived Cells With an Immunoregulatory Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1484. [PMID: 31316520 PMCID: PMC6611188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 10 is a central regulator of the antigen-presenting function of myeloid cells. It exerts immunomodulatory effects in vivo and induces a regulatory phenotype in monocyte-derived cells in vitro. We analyzed phenotype and function of monocytic cells in vitro in relation to the cytokine milieu and the timing of TLR-based activation. In GM-CSF/IL-4 cultured human monocytic cells, we identified two, mutually exclusive cell populations arising from undifferentiated cells: CD83+ fully activated dendritic cells and CD14+ macrophage like cells. Re-expression of CD14 occurs primarily after a sequential trigger with a TLR signal following IL-10 preincubation. This cell population with re-expressed CD14 greatly differs in phenotype and function from the CD83+ cells. Detailed analysis of individual subpopulations reveals that exogenous IL-10 is critical for inducing the shift toward the CD14+ population, but does not affect individual changes in marker expression or cell function in most cases. Thus, plasticity of CD14 expression, defining a subset of immunoregulatory cells, is highly relevant for the composition of cellular products (such as DC vaccines) as it affects the function of the total product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Krakow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie L Crescimone
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bartels
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Wiegering
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Schluck M, Hammink R, Figdor CG, Verdoes M, Weiden J. Biomaterial-Based Activation and Expansion of Tumor-Specific T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31130945 PMCID: PMC6509561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional tumor vaccination approaches mostly focus on activating dendritic cells (DCs) by providing them with a source of tumor antigens and/or adjuvants, which in turn activate tumor-reactive T cells. Novel biomaterial-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies focus on directly activating and stimulating T cells through molecular cues presented on synthetic constructs with the aim of improving T cell survival, more precisely steer T cell activation and direct T cell differentiation. Synthetic artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) decorated with T cell-activating ligands are being developed to induce robust tumor-specific T cell responses, essentially bypassing DCs. In this perspective, we approach these promising new technologies from an immunological angle, first by identifying the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes that are imperative for robust anti-cancer immunity and subsequently discussing the molecular cues needed to induce these cells types. We will elaborate on how biomaterials can be applied to stimulate T cells in vitro and in vivo to improve their survival, activation and function. Scaffold-based methods can also be used as delivery vehicles for adoptive transfer of T cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor expressing (CAR) T cells, while simultaneously stimulating these cells. Finally, we provide suggestions on how these insights could advance the field of biomaterial-based activation and expansion of tumor-specific T cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Schluck
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorieke Weiden
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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11
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Wang S, Yu H, He R, Song X, Chen S, Yu N, Li W, Li F, Jiang Q. Exposure to Low-Dose Radiation Enhanced the Antitumor Effect of a Dendritic Cell Vaccine. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819832144. [PMID: 30828272 PMCID: PMC6388453 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819832144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unsatisfactory clinical efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines prepared by conventional methods is partly due to their insufficient capacity for migration. Our previous study showed that exposure to low-dose radiation (LDR) at a dose of 0.2 Gy promoted DC migration in vitro. The present study further investigates whether exposure to LDR at a dose of 0.2 Gy during the DC vaccine preparation could increase the antitumor effect of DC vaccines derived from mouse bone marrow. Our results showed that the migratory capacities of DCs were significantly increased after exposure to LDR. Furthermore, exposure to LDR resulted in an increased ability of DCs to induce T-cell proliferation, and the cytotoxic effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) primed by the DCs exposed to LDR was significantly enhanced. An in vivo study using a mouse transplanted tumor model showed that subcutaneous injections of a DC vaccine exposed to LDR led to an increased mouse survival rate, infiltration of CTLs into tumor tissue, and apoptosis of tumor cells, which were accompanied by significant upregulation of serum interferon γ and interleukin 12. These results indicate that exposing DCs to LDR during the DC vaccine preparation is an effective approach to enhance its antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinian Wang
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Rui He
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Song
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China.,Huangsi Clinic of PLA Strategic Support Force, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
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12
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Van den Bergh JMJ, Smits ELJM, Versteven M, De Reu H, Berneman ZN, Van Tendeloo VFI, Lion E. Characterization of Interleukin-15-Transpresenting Dendritic Cells for Clinical Use. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1975902. [PMID: 28785596 PMCID: PMC5530419 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1975902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized dendritic cell- (DC-) based vaccination has proven to be safe and effective as second-line therapy against various cancer types. In terms of overall survival, there is still room for improvement of DC-based therapies, including the development of more immunostimulatory DC vaccines. In this context, we redesigned our currently clinically used DC vaccine generation protocol to enable transpresentation of interleukin- (IL-) 15 to IL-15Rβγ-expressing cells aiming at boosting the antitumor immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that upon electroporation with both IL-15 and IL-15Rα-encoding messenger RNA, mature DC become highly positive for surface IL-15, without influencing the expression of prototypic mature DC markers and with preservation of their cytokine-producing capacity and their migratory profile. Functionally, we show that IL-15-transpresenting DC are equal if not better inducers of T-cell proliferation and are superior in tumor antigen-specific T-cell activation compared with DC without IL-15 conditioning. In view of the clinical use of DC vaccines, we evidence with a time- and cost-effective manner that clinical grade DC can be safely engineered to transpresent IL-15, hereby gaining the ability to transfer the immune-stimulating IL-15 signal towards antitumor immune effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. J. Van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E. L. J. M. Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M. Versteven
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H. De Reu
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Z. N. Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - V. F. I. Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E. Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Kuznetsova M, Lopatnikova J, Khantakova J, Maksyutov R, Maksyutov A, Sennikov S. Generation of populations of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells using DCs transfected with DNA construct encoding HER2/neu tumor antigen epitopes. BMC Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28633645 PMCID: PMC5479015 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent fundamental and clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of utilizing the potential of the immune system to remove tumor cells disseminated in a patient's body. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are considered the main effectors in cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Approaches based on antigen presentation to CTLs by dendritic cells (DCs) are currently being intensively studied, because DCs are more efficient in tumor antigen presentation to T cells through their initiation of strong specific antitumor immune responses than other types of antigen-presenting cells. Today, it has become possible to isolate CTLs specific for certain antigenic determinants from heterogeneous populations of mononuclear cells. This enables direct and specific cell-mediated immune responses against cells carrying certain antigens. The aim of the present study was to develop an optimized protocol for generating CTL populations specific for epitopes of tumor-associated antigen HER2/neu, and to assess their cytotoxic effects against the HER2/neu-expressing MCF-7 tumor cell line. METHODS The developed protocol included sequential stages of obtaining mature DCs from PBMCs from HLA A*02-positive healthy donors, magnet-assisted transfection of mature DCs with the pMax plasmid encoding immunogenic peptides HER2 p369-377 (E75 peptide) and HER2 p689-697 (E88 peptide), coculture of antigen-activated DCs with autologous lymphocytes, magnetic-activated sorting of CTLs specific to HER2 epitopes, and stimulation of isolated CTLs with cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15). RESULTS The resulting CTL populations were characterized by high contents of CD8+ cells (71.5% in cultures of E88-specific T cells and 90.2% in cultures of E75-specific T cells) and displayed strong cytotoxic effects against the MCF-7 cell line (percentages of damaged tumor cells in samples under investigation were 60.2 and 65.7% for E88- and E75-specific T cells, respectively; level of spontaneous death of target cells was 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS The developed protocol improves the efficiency of obtaining HER2/neu-specific CTLs and can be further used to obtain cell-based vaccines for eradicating targeted tumor cells to prevent tumor recurrence after the major tumor burden has been eliminated and preventing metastasis in patients with HER2-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - Julia Khantakova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - Rinat Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - Amir Maksyutov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.,State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.
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14
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Lövgren T, Sarhan D, Truxová I, Choudhary B, Maas R, Melief J, Nyström M, Edbäck U, Vermeij R, Scurti G, Nishimura M, Masucci G, Karlsson-Parra A, Lundqvist A, Adamson L, Kiessling R. Enhanced stimulation of human tumor-specific T cells by dendritic cells matured in the presence of interferon-γ and multiple toll-like receptor agonists. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1333-1344. [PMID: 28601925 PMCID: PMC5626805 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have been demonstrated to elicit immunological responses in numerous cancer immunotherapy trials. However, long-lasting clinical effects are infrequent. We therefore sought to establish a protocol to generate DC with greater immunostimulatory capacity. Immature DC were generated from healthy donor monocytes by culturing in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and were further differentiated into mature DC by the addition of cocktails containing different cytokines and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Overall, addition of IFNγ and the TLR7/8 agonist R848 during maturation was essential for the production of high levels of IL-12p70 which was further augmented by adding the TLR3 agonist poly I:C. In addition, the DC matured with IFNγ, R848, and poly I:C also induced upregulation of several other pro-inflammatory and Th1-skewing cytokines/chemokines, co-stimulatory receptors, and the chemokine receptor CCR7. For most cytokines and chemokines the production was even further potentiated by addition of the TLR4 agonist LPS. Concurrently, upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was modest. Most importantly, DC matured with IFNγ, R848, and poly I:C had the ability to activate IFNγ production in allogeneic T cells and this was further enhanced by adding LPS to the cocktail. Furthermore, epitope-specific stimulation of TCR-transduced T cells by peptide- or whole tumor lysate-loaded DC was efficiently stimulated only by DC matured in the full maturation cocktail containing IFNγ and the three TLR ligands R848, poly I:C, and LPS. We suggest that this cocktail is used for future clinical trials of anti-cancer DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lövgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Cancer Center Karolinska R8:01, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Iva Truxová
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bhavesh Choudhary
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roeltje Maas
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen Melief
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Nyström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Edbäck
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renee Vermeij
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gina Scurti
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex Karlsson-Parra
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Adamson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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2003-2013, a valuable study: Autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells improves survival in stage IV breast cancer. Immunol Lett 2017; 183:37-43. [PMID: 28143792 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have both shown activity as immunotherapy in some malignancies. Our aim was to prospective assess the effect of this immunotherapy in patients with stage IV breast cancer. Between Aug 2003 and Dec 2013, we collected 368 patients who met inclusion criteria and divided into immunotherapy group (treatment group: 188 patients) and chemotherapy group (control group: 180 patients). DCs were prepared from the mononuclear cells isolated from patients in the treatment group using IL-2/GM-CSF and were loaded with tumour antigens; CIK cells were prepared by incubating peripheral blood lymphocytes with IL-2, IFN-γ, and CD3 antibodies. After the patients had received low-dose chemotherapy, those in the treatment group also received the DC-CIK therapy, which was repeated four times in a fortnight to form one cycle. At least three cycles of DC-CIK therapy were given. Immune function was measured in treatment group patients' sera. Disease-free survival (DFS) and Overall survival (OS) after the diagnosis of stage IV breast cancer was assessed after a 10-year follow-up. The result demonstrated that immune function is obviously enhanced after DC-CIK therapy. By Cox regression analysis, DC-CIK therapy reduced the risk of disease progression (p<0.01) with an increased OS (p<0.01). After low-dose chemotherapy, active immunization with DC-CIK immunotherapy is a potentially effective approach for the control of tumour growth in stage IV breast cancer patients.
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16
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Targeting PD-1 and Tim-3 Pathways to Reverse CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion and Enhance Ex Vivo T-Cell Responses to Autologous Dendritic/Tumor Vaccines. J Immunother 2016; 39:171-80. [PMID: 27070448 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The paradoxical coexistence of spontaneous tumor antigen-specific immune response with progressive disease in cancer patients need to dissect the molecular pathways involved in tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has been identified as a marker of exhausted T cells in chronic disease states, and blockade of PD-1-PD-L1 interactions has been shown to partially restore T-cell function. We have found that T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (Tim) 3 is expressed on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from patients with colorectal cancer. All T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim-3+) TILs coexpress PD-1, and Tim-3+ PD-1+ CD8+ TILs represent the predominant fraction of Tcells infiltrating tumors. Tim-3+PD-1+ CD8+ TILs exhibit the most severe exhausted phenotype as defined by failure to produce cytokines, such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2. We further find that combined targeting of the Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways increased the frequencies of not only interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α but also frequencies of proliferating tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells than targeting either pathway alone. A concomitant decrease in regulatory T cells and enhanced killing in a cytotoxicity assay was observed. Collectively, our findings support the use of Tim-3-Tim-3L blockade together with PD-1-PD-L1 blockade to reverse tumor-induced T-cell exhaustion/dysfunction in patients with colorectal cancer.
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17
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Van den Bergh J, Willemen Y, Lion E, Van Acker H, De Reu H, Anguille S, Goossens H, Berneman Z, Van Tendeloo V, Smits E. Transpresentation of interleukin-15 by IL-15/IL-15Rα mRNA-engineered human dendritic cells boosts antitumoral natural killer cell activity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44123-33. [PMID: 26675759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer immunotherapy, the use of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination strategies can improve overall survival, but until now durable clinical responses remain scarce. To date, DC vaccines are designed primarily to induce effective T-cell responses, ignoring the antitumor activity potential of natural killer (NK) cells. Aiming to further improve current DC vaccination outcome, we engineered monocyte-derived DC to produce interleukin (IL)-15 and/or IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) using mRNA electroporation. The addition of IL-15Rα to the protocol, enabling IL-15 transpresentation to neighboring NK cells, resulted in significantly better NK-cell activation compared to IL-15 alone. Next to upregulation of NK-cell membrane activation markers, IL-15 transpresentation resulted in increased NK-cell secretion of IFN-γ, granzyme B and perforin. Moreover, IL-15-transpresenting DC/NK cell cocultures from both healthy donors and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in remission showed markedly enhanced cytotoxic activity against NK cell sensitive and resistant tumor cells. Blocking IL-15 transpresentation abrogated NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells, pointing to a pivotal role of IL-15 transpresentation by IL-15Rα to exert its NK cell-activating effects. In conclusion, we report an attractive approach to improve antitumoral NK-cell activity in DC-based vaccine strategies through the use of IL-15/IL-15Rα mRNA-engineered designer DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Willemen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eva Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heleen Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hans De Reu
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
The use of gene delivery systems for the expression of antigenic proteins is an established means for activating a patient’s own immune system against the cancer they carry. Since tumor cells are poor antigen-presenting cells, cross-presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for the generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. A number of polymer-based nanomedicines have been developed to deliver genes into DCs, primarily by incorporating tumor-specific, antigen-encoding plasmid DNA with polycationic molecules to facilitate DNA loading and intracellular trafficking. Direct in vivo targeting of plasmid DNA to DC surface receptors can induce high transfection efficiency and long-term gene expression, essential for antigen loading onto major histocompatibility complex molecules and stimulation of T-cell responses. This chapter summarizes the physicochemical properties and biological information on polymer-based non-viral vectors used for targeting DCs, and discusses the main challenges for successful in vivo gene transfer into DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Howard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Gen, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (i, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Biophysical I, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dan Peer
- Britannia Bldg, 2nd Fl, Rm 226, Tel-Aviv Univ, Dept Cell Research, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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19
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Immune Cells in Cancer Therapy and Drug Delivery. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5230219. [PMID: 27212807 PMCID: PMC4860248 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5230219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate the critical role of tumour associated macrophages, tumour associated neutrophils, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells in tumourigenesis. These cells can have a significant impact on the tumour microenvironment via their production of cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, products secreted from all these cells have defined specific roles in regulating tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. They act in a protumour capacity in vivo as evidenced by the recent studies indicating that macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils may be manipulated to exhibit cytotoxic activity against tumours. Therefore therapy targeting these cells may be promising, or they may constitute drug or anticancer particles delivery systems to the tumours. Herein, we discussed all these possibilities that may be used in cancer treatment.
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20
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Schmidt SV, Seibert S, Walch-Rückheim B, Vicinus B, Kamionka EM, Pahne-Zeppenfeld J, Solomayer EF, Kim YJ, Bohle RM, Smola S. RIPK3 expression in cervical cancer cells is required for PolyIC-induced necroptosis, IL-1α release, and efficient paracrine dendritic cell activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8635-47. [PMID: 25888634 PMCID: PMC4496172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that cervical cancer cells only release low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines owing to infection with human papillomaviruses. This results in low immunogenicity of the cancer cells. The viral dsRNA analog PolyIC has been suggested as a promising adjuvant for cervical cancer immunotherapy. However, little is known about the molecular requirements resulting in successful immune activation. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of cervical cancer cells with PolyIC induced necroptotic cell death, which was strictly dependent on the expression of the receptor-interacting protein kinase RIPK3. Necroptotic cancer cells released interleukin-1α (IL-1α), which was required for powerful activation of dendritic cells (DC) to produce IL-12, a cytokine critical for anti-tumor responses. Again both, IL-1α release and DC activation, were strictly dependent on RIPK3 expression in the tumor cells. Of note, our in situ analyses revealed heterogeneous RIPK3 expression patterns in cervical squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. In summary, our study identified a novel RIPK3-dependent mechanism that explains how PolyIC-treatment of cervical cancer cells leads to potent DC activation. Our findings suggest that the RIPK3 expression status in cervical cancer cells might critically influence the outcome of PolyIC-based immunotherapeutic approaches and should therefore be assessed prior to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne V Schmidt
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Seibert
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Vicinus
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rainer M Bohle
- Department of Pathology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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21
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Radice E, Bellone G, Miranda V. Enhancement of the Immunostimulatory Functions of Ex Vivo-Generated Dendritic Cells from Early-Stage Colon Cancer Patients by Consecutive Exposure to Low Doses of Sequential-Kinetic-Activated IL-4 and IL-12. A Preliminary Study. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:327-38. [PMID: 26310379 PMCID: PMC4562983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), specialized antigen-presenting cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity, play a crucial role in determining specific immune response to tumors. Because of their potent immunoregulatory capacities, DCs have been exploited in anticancer vaccination, with limited success thus far. This pilot study compared low-dose interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12 prepared by sequential kinetic activation (SKA) with standard doses of the same recombinant human cytokines on functional activity of ex vivo–generated monocyte-derived (Mo) DCs from colon carcinoma patients and normal subjects. MoDCs were exposed to medium alone, SKA-IL-4 (0.5 fg/ml), or SKA-IL-12 (2 fg/ml), alone or consecutively combined, in parallel with rhIL-4 (50 ng/ml) and rhIL-12 (1 ng/ml). Primary allogeneic one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was the end point to assess in vitro T-lymphocyte proliferation in response to MoDCs, and secreted IL-12p70 and interferon-γ in MLR supernatants measured by ELISA to assay for T-helper 1–promoting MoDC phenotype. No single agent enhanced the compromised allostimulatory activity of MoDCs from colon cancer patients, unlike healthy donors. However, MoDCs from nonmetastatic colon cancer patients, after sequential exposure to SKA-IL-4 (48 hours) and SKA-IL-12 (24 hours), displayed increased T-cell stimulatory capacity by MLR and acquired driving T-helper 1 polarization activity, although less markedly than the effects induced by recombinant human cytokines or found in normal subjects. These results point to an immunomodulatory capacity of low-dose SKA-IL-4 and SKA-IL-12 and encourage further investigation to provide clues for the rational development of new and more effective immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Radice
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Graziella Bellone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Via Genova 3, 10126 Turin, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Miranda
- Clinical Research Unit, GUNA S.p.a., Via Palmanova, 71, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Li W, Wei H, Li H, Gao J, Feng SS, Guo Y. Cancer nanoimmunotherapy using advanced pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2587-605. [PMID: 25490427 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising option for cancer treatment that might cure cancer with fewer side effects by primarily activating the host's immune system. However, the effect of traditional immunotherapy is modest, frequently due to tumor escape and resistance of multiple mechanisms. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, which is also called cancer nanotechnology or nanomedicine, has provided a practical solution to solve the limitations of traditional immunotherapy. This article reviews the latest developments in immunotherapy and nanomedicine, and illustrates how nanocarriers (including micelles, liposomes, polymer-drug conjugates, solid lipid nanoparticles and biodegradable nanoparticles) could be used for the cellular transfer of immune effectors for active and passive nanoimmunotherapy. The fine engineering of nanocarriers based on the unique features of the tumor microenvironment and extra-/intra-cellular conditions of tumor cells can greatly tip the triangle immunobalance among host, tumor and nanoparticulates in favor of antitumor responses, which shows a promising prospect for nanoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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23
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Anguille S, Smits EL, Bryant C, Van Acker HH, Goossens H, Lion E, Fromm PD, Hart DN, Van Tendeloo VF, Berneman ZN. Dendritic Cells as Pharmacological Tools for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:731-53. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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24
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Pellegrino P, Falvella FS, Cheli S, Perrotta C, Clementi E, Radice S. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms in vaccine immune response. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:96-101. [PMID: 25823688 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that are deputed to recognise a range of molecular structures in pathogens. One of the most studied members of this family is the TLR4, which is essential for the signalling of lipopolysaccharide. The gene encoding for TLR4 is highly polymorphic and this genetic variability may explain in part the interindividual variability observed in several clinical setting, including the response to vaccination. Herein, we review and systematise the available scientific evidence about the effect of TLR4 polymorphisms on vaccine response, including approved prophylactic, new therapeutic cancer vaccines and recently approved vaccine adjuvants. Data reviewed in this analysis indicate that TLR4 polymorphisms significantly affect vaccine response. If these results are confirmed by further analyses, the use of these genetic biomarkers may become a useful tool to tailor vaccination in specific subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pellegrino
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F S Falvella
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cheli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Perrotta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Clementi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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25
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Pizzurro GA, Barrio MM. Dendritic cell-based vaccine efficacy: aiming for hot spots. Front Immunol 2015; 6:91. [PMID: 25784913 PMCID: PMC4347494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches for cancer immunotherapy have targeted dendritic cells (DCs), directly or indirectly, for the induction of antitumor immune responses. DC-based vaccines have been developed using a wide variety of ex vivo DC culture conditions, antigen (Ag) source and loading strategies, maturation agents, and routes of vaccination. Adjuvants are used to activate innate immune cells at the vaccine injection site, to promote Ag transport to the draining lymph nodes (LNs) and to model adaptive immune responses. Despite years of effort, the effective induction of strong and durable antitumor T-cell responses in vaccinated patients remains a challenge. The study of vaccine interactions with other immune cells in the LNs and, more recently, in the injection site has opened new doors for understanding antitumor effector T-cell licensing and function. In this review, we will briefly discuss the relevant sites and up-to-date facts regarding possible targets for antitumor vaccine refinement. We will focus on the processes taking place at the injection site, adjuvant combinations and their role in DC-based vaccines, LN homing, and modeling vaccine-induced immune responses capable of controlling tumor growth and generating immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Andrea Pizzurro
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer (CIO - FUCA) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Marcela Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer (CIO - FUCA) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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26
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Ahmed MS, Byeon SE, Jeong Y, Miah MA, Salahuddin M, Lee Y, Park SS, Bae YS. Dab2, a negative regulator of DC immunogenicity, is an attractive molecular target for DC-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e984550. [PMID: 25949867 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.984550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dab2 is an adapter protein involved in receptor-mediated signaling, endocytosis, cell adhesion, hematopoietic cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. It plays a pivotal role in controlling cellular homeostasis. In the immune system, the Dab2 is a Foxp3 target gene and is required for regulatory T (Treg) cell function. Dab2 expression and its biological function in dendritic cells (DCs) have not been described. In this study, we found that Dab2 was significantly induced during the development of mouse bone marrow (BM)-derived DCs (BMDCs) and human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). Even in a steady state, Dab2 was expressed in mouse splenic DCs (spDCs). STAT5 activation, Foxp3 expression, and hnRNPE1 activation mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling were required for Dab2 expression during GM-CSF-derived BMDC development regardless of TGF-β signaling. Dab2-silencing was accompanied by enhanced IL-12 and IL-6 expression, and an improved capacity of DC for antigen uptake, migration and T cell stimulation, which generated strong CTL in vaccinated mice. Vaccination with Dab2-silenced DCs inhibited tumor growth more effectively than did vaccination with wild type DCs. Dab2-overexpression abrogated the efficacy of the DC vaccine in DC-based tumor immunotherapy. These data strongly suggest that Dab2 might be an intrinsic negative regulator of the immunogenicity of DCs, thus might be an attractive molecular target to improve DC vaccine efficacy.
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Key Words
- BAT, blocking the TGF-β-activated translation element
- BM, bone marrow
- CFSE, 5, 6-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- DCs, dendritic cells
- Dab2
- Dab2, disabled-2 adaptor protein
- Dab2KD, Dab2-knockdown
- Foxp3, forkhead box P3
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
- OT-1 and OT-2 mice, OVA257–264 and OVA323–339-peptide-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase
- STAT5, transducer and activator of transcription 5
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- Treg, regulatory T
- WT, wild type
- dendritic cells
- hMoDC, human monocyte-derived dendritic cell
- hnRNP E1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1
- imDC, immature DC
- immunogenicity
- mDC, mature DC
- molecular target
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Selim Ahmed
- Department of Biological Science; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Byeon
- Department of Biological Science; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yideul Jeong
- Department of Biological Science; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Alam Miah
- Department of Biological Science; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Department of Biological Science; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Biological Science; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea ; CreaGene Research Institute ; Seongnam-shi, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University ; Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Science; Sungkyunkwan University ; Suwon, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea ; CreaGene Research Institute ; Seongnam-shi, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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27
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Rahma OE, Myint ZW, Estfan B. Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccines for Treatment of Colon Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-014-0243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Vasaturo A, Verdoes M, de Vries J, Torensma R, Figdor CG. Restoring immunosurveillance by dendritic cell vaccines and manipulation of the tumor microenvironment. Immunobiology 2014; 220:243-8. [PMID: 25466585 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells evolve from normal cells throughout life and are usually recognized by our immune system and destroyed, a process called immunosurveillance. Unfortunately, in some instances cancer cells paralyze our immune system, resulting in outgrowth and spreading of the tumor. Understanding the complexity of immunomodulation by tumors is important for the development of therapeutical strategies. Nowadays, various approaches have been developed to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and abrogate the immune dampening effect of the tumor and its surrounding environment, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, therapies to counteract myeloid derived suppressor cell function within the tumor and antagonists of inhibitory signaling pathways to overcome 'immune checkpoints'. The challenge is now to find the right combination of immune based therapies to fully restore immune function and provide a more efficacious and enduring anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vasaturo
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda de Vries
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurd Torensma
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Department of Tumorimmunology, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Kastenmüller W, Kastenmüller K, Kurts C, Seder RA. Dendritic cell-targeted vaccines--hope or hype? Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:705-11. [PMID: 25190285 DOI: 10.1038/nri3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine that elicits a strong and durable T cell response against intracellular pathogens and cancer is a challenge. One strategy to enhance the effectiveness of vaccination is by targeting dendritic cells (DCs). In this Opinion article, we discuss existing DC-targeting approaches that induce adaptive immunity. We highlight the crucial issues that need to be addressed to move the field forward and discuss whether targeting DCs could be better than current vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Kastenmüller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and the Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert A Seder
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
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30
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Efficiency of dendritic cell vaccination against B16 melanoma depends on the immunization route. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105266. [PMID: 25121970 PMCID: PMC4133283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) presenting tumor antigens are crucial to induce potent T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore DC-based cancer vaccines have been established for therapy, however clinical outcomes are often poor and need improvement. Using a mouse model of B16 melanoma, we found that the route of preventive DC vaccination critically determined tumor control. While repeated DC vaccination did not show an impact of the route of DC application on the prevention of tumor growth, a single DC vaccination revealed that both the imprinting of skin homing receptors and an enhanced proliferation state of effector T cells was seen only upon intracutaneous but not intravenous or intraperitoneal immunization. Tumor growth was prevented only by intracutaneous DC vaccination. Our results indicate that under suboptimal conditions the route of DC vaccination crucially determines the efficiency of tumor defense. DC-based strategies for immunotherapy of cancer should take into account the immunization route in order to optimize tissue targeting of tumor antigen specific T cells.
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31
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Gao D, Li C, Xie X, Zhao P, Wei X, Sun W, Liu HC, Alexandrou AT, Jones J, Zhao R, Li JJ. Autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells improves survival in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93886. [PMID: 24699863 PMCID: PMC3974849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and colorectal cancers (GC and CRC) have poor prognosis and are resistant to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. In the present study, the prophylactic effects of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination are evaluated on disease progression and clinical benefits in a group of 54 GC and CRC patients treated with DC immunotherapy combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells after surgery with or without chemo-radiotherapy. DCs were prepared from the mononuclear cells isolated from patients using IL-2/GM-CSF and loaded with tumor antigens; CIK cells were prepared by incubating peripheral blood lymphocytes with IL-2, IFN-γ, and CD3 antibodies. The DC/CIK therapy started 3 days after low-dose chemotherapy and was repeated 3–5 times in 2 weeks as one cycle with a total of 188.3±79.8×106 DCs and 58.8±22.3×108 CIK cells. Cytokine levels in patients' sera before and after treatments were measured and the follow-up was conducted for 98 months to determine disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The results demonstrate that all cytokines tested were elevated with significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 in both GC and CRC cohorts of DC/CIK treated patients. By Cox regression analysis, DC/CIK therapy reduced the risk of post-operative disease progression (p<0.01) with an increased OS (<0.01). These results demonstrate that in addition to chemo- and/or radiotherapy, DC/CIK immunotherapy is a potential effective approach in the control of tumor growth for post-operative GC and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqing Gao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (DG); (JJL)
| | - Changyou Li
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Xihe Xie
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Biotherapy Center, Qingdao Center Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Hsin-Chen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Sacramento, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Aris T. Alexandrou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Sacramento, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Sacramento, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DG); (JJL)
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32
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Rooke R. Can calcium signaling be harnessed for cancer immunotherapy? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2334-40. [PMID: 24524821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence shows the importance of the immune system in controlling tumor appearance and growth. Immunotherapy is defined as the treatment of a disease by inducing, enhancing or suppressing an immune response. In the context of cancer treatment, it involves breaking tolerance to a cancer-specific self-antigen and/or enhancing the existing anti-tumor immune response, be it specific or not. Part of the complexity in developing such treatment is that cancers are selected to escape adaptive or innate immune responses. These escape mechanisms are numerous and they may cumulate in one cancer. Moreover, different cancers of a same type may present different combinations of escape mechanisms. The limited success of immunotherapeutics in the clinic as stand-alone products may in part be explained by the fact that most of them only activate one facet of the immune response. It is important to identify novel methods to broaden the efficacy of immunotherapeutics. Calcium signaling is central to numerous cellular processes, leading to immune responses, cancer growth and apoptosis induced by cancer treatments. Calcium signaling in cancer therapy and control will be integrated to current cancer immunotherapy approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium Signaling in Health and Disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Rooke
- Transgene SA, 400Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.
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33
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Guo C, Manjili MH, Subjeck JR, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, Wang XY. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: past, present, and future. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 119:421-75. [PMID: 23870514 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines represent a viable option for active immunotherapy of cancers that aim to treat late stage disease by using a patient's own immune system. The promising results from clinical trials recently led to the approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This major breakthrough not only provides a new treatment modality for cancer management but also paves the way for rationally designing and optimizing future vaccines with improved anticancer efficacy. Numerous vaccine strategies are currently being evaluated both preclinically and clinically. This review discusses therapeutic cancer vaccines from diverse platforms or targets as well as the preclinical and clinical studies employing these therapeutic vaccines. We also consider tumor-induced immune suppression that hinders the potency of therapeutic vaccines, and potential strategies to counteract these mechanisms for generating more robust and durable antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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34
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Pan K, Lv L, Zheng HX, Zhao JJ, Pan QZ, Li JJ, Weng DS, Wang DD, Jiang SS, Chang AE, Li Q, Xia JC. OK-432 synergizes with IFN-γ to confer dendritic cells with enhanced antitumor immunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:263-74. [PMID: 24296809 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Generation of functional dendritic cells (DCs) with boosted immunity after the withdrawal of initial activation/maturation conditions remains a significant challenge. In this study, we investigated the impact of a newly developed maturation cocktail consisting of OK-432 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on the function of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). We found that OK-432 plus IFN-γ stimulation could induce significantly stronger expression of surface molecules, production of cytokines, as well as migration of DCs compared with OK-432 stimulation alone. Most importantly, DCs matured with OK-432 plus IFN-γ-induced maintained secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12)p70 in secondary culture after stimulus withdrawal. Functionally, OK-432 plus IFN-γ-conditioned DCs induce remarkable Th1 and Tc1 responses more effectively than OK-432 alone, even more than the use of α-type-1 cytokine cocktail. As a result, DCs matured with OK-432 plus IFN-γ can prime stronger cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell response against tumor cells in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by DCs matured with OK-432 plus IFN-γ also showed greater tumor growth inhibition in vivo in null mice. Molecular mechanistic analysis showed that DC maturation using IFN-γ in concert with OK-432 involves the activation of p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. This study provided a novel strategy to generate more potent immune segments in DC vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lv
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hai-xia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-sheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian-chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Bobanga ID, Petrosiute A, Huang AY. Chemokines as Cancer Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2013; 1:444-62. [PMID: 24967094 PMCID: PMC4067044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines1040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We are witnessing a new era of immune-mediated cancer therapies and vaccine development. As the field of cancer vaccines advances into clinical trials, overcoming low immunogenicity is a limiting step in achieving full success of this therapeutic approach. Recent discoveries in the many biological roles of chemokines in tumor immunology allow their exploitation in enhancing recruitment of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and effector cells to appropriate anatomical sites. This knowledge, combined with advances in gene therapy and virology, allows researchers to employ chemokines as potential vaccine adjuvants. This review will focus on recent murine and human studies that use chemokines as therapeutic anti-cancer vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana D. Bobanga
- Departments of General Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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36
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Schaft N, Wellner V, Wohn C, Schuler G, Dörrie J. CD8(+) T-cell priming and boosting: more antigen-presenting DC, or more antigen per DC? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1769-80. [PMID: 24114143 PMCID: PMC11029756 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA transfection is a standard method to load dendritic cells (DC) with antigen for therapeutic cancer vaccination. While electroporation yields high transfection efficiency and satisfying expression levels, lipofection results in only few cells expressing high amounts of antigen. We compared antigen loading of human monocyte-derived DC by MelanA RNA electroporation and lipofection. No differences in phenotype or migrational capacity were detected, but lipofected DC induced stronger cytokine secretion by antigen-specific T cells and were superior in priming and boosting of MelanA-specific CD8(+) T cells. Interestingly, T cells stimulated with the differently transfected DC did not differ in their functional avidity. To determine whether the amount of antigen per cell is indeed responsible for the superiority of the lipofected DC, we increased the amount of MelanA RNA fivefold and mixed those DC with mock-electroporated ones to mimic the antigen distribution of lipofected cells. This significantly improved the stimulatory capacity, indicating that indeed the amount of antigen per cell seems to be the responsible feature for the observed superiority of lipofected DCs. These data suggest that a few DC that express high amounts of antigen are more immunogenic than many DC expressing lower amounts, although this needs to be tested in a two-armed immunogenicity trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Wellner
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Wohn
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Present Address: ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Meng Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang E, Plotnikoff NP, Shan F. Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:773-83. [PMID: 23470544 PMCID: PMC3903895 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain new insight into the functional interaction between dendritic cells and methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod (PTD), we have analyzed the effect of MENK plus PTD on the morphology, phenotype and functions of murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. The maturation of BMDCs cultured in the presence of either MENK or PTD alone, or MENK in combination with PTD, was detected. The cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt/phenazinemethosulphate (MTS/PMS). The changes of BMDCs morphology were confirmed with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BMDCs treated with MENK combined with PTD displayed a higher expression of typical maturation markers of CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC-IIidentified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and stronger ability to drive T cells. The decrease of the endocytic ability was assayed by DAB kit, FITC-dextran and cellular immunohistochemistry. Finally upregulation of cytokines production of IL-12 and TNF-α was determined by ELISA. These data indicate that MENK combined with PTD could exert synergistic action on BMDC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Central Blood Bank; Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Institute of pathology and pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
| | | | - Fengping Shan
- Department of immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; China Medical University; Shenyang, P.R. China
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38
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Rehman A, Hemmert KC, Ochi A, Jamal M, Henning JR, Barilla R, Quesada JP, Zambirinis CP, Tang K, Ego-Osuala M, Rao RS, Greco S, Deutsch M, Narayan S, Pachter HL, Graffeo CS, Acehan D, Miller G. Role of fatty-acid synthesis in dendritic cell generation and function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4640-9. [PMID: 23536633 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional APCs that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. The role of fatty-acid synthesis in DC development and function is uncertain. We found that blockade of fatty-acid synthesis markedly decreases dendropoiesis in the liver and in primary and secondary lymphoid organs in mice. Human DC development from PBMC precursors was also diminished by blockade of fatty-acid synthesis. This was associated with higher rates of apoptosis in precursor cells and increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BCL-xL and downregulation of cyclin B1. Further, blockade of fatty-acid synthesis decreased DC expression of MHC class II, ICAM-1, B7-1, and B7-2 but increased their production of selected proinflammatory cytokines including IL-12 and MCP-1. Accordingly, inhibition of fatty-acid synthesis enhanced DC capacity to activate allogeneic as well as Ag-restricted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and induce CTL responses. Further, blockade of fatty-acid synthesis increased DC expression of Notch ligands and enhanced their ability to activate NK cell immune phenotype and IFN-γ production. Because endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can augment the immunogenic function of APC, we postulated that this may account for the higher DC immunogenicity. We found that inhibition of fatty-acid synthesis resulted in elevated expression of numerous markers of ER stress in humans and mice and was associated with increased MAPK and Akt signaling. Further, lowering ER stress by 4-phenylbutyrate mitigated the enhanced immune stimulation associated with fatty-acid synthesis blockade. Our findings elucidate the role of fatty-acid synthesis in DC development and function and have implications to the design of DC vaccines for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Rehman
- Department of Surgery, S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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39
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Tittarelli A, González FE, Pereda C, Mora G, Muñoz L, Saffie C, García T, Díaz D, Falcón C, Hermoso M, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F. Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism influences dendritic cell in vitro function and clinical outcomes in vaccinated melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:2067-77. [PMID: 22552381 PMCID: PMC11029707 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), sensing environmental danger molecules that induce their activation and maturation. Recently, we reported a method for the production of therapeutic DCs against melanoma, called tumor antigen-presenting cells (TAPCells), using a heat-shocked allogeneic melanoma cell lysate (TRIMEL) as an activation factor and antigen provider. Since TRIMEL contains endogenous TLR4 ligands, we evaluated the role of TLR4 in TAPCells differentiation by antibody neutralization and the association of a Tlr4 polymorphism (896A/G) (Asp299Gly), determined by PCR-RFLP, with the in vitro activation capacity and the clinical outcome of TAPCells-vaccinated patients. Antibody blocking of monocyte TLR4 inhibited surface expression, determined by flow cytometry, of the major histocompatibility complex class I, CCR7, CD80, CD83 and CD86 on TAPCells, reduced interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor -α gene expression evaluated by qRT-PCR, and also inhibited the TAPCells-mediated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion of melanoma-specific CD8(+) T cells determined by ELISpot (p < 0.01). Moreover, CD8(+) T-cell activation capacity was significantly reduced in TAPCells bearing the TLR4 Asp299Gly receptor (p < 0.05). Finally, TAPCells-vaccinated stage-IV melanoma patients bearing the Tlr4 896G allele showed a shortened post-therapy median survival rate compared with those carrying the Tlr4 896A allele (p < 0.05; log-rank test). Our results indicate that TLR4 is a key receptor for the tumor lysate-mediated in vitro generation of clinically efficient antigen-presenting cells. Further analysis of patients included in different vaccine protocols is necessary for definitively establishing a role for TLR4 polymorphism in clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Tittarelli
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago Chile, Chile.
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