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Khwaza V, Mlala S, Aderibigbe BA. Advancements in Synthetic Strategies and Biological Effects of Ciprofloxacin Derivatives: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4919. [PMID: 38732134 PMCID: PMC11084713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic in the fluoroquinolone class. It is widely acknowledged by various researchers worldwide, and it has been documented to have a broad range of other pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antiviral, antimalarial activities, etc. Researchers have been exploring the synthesis of ciprofloxacin derivatives with enhanced biological activities or tailored capability to target specific pathogens. The various biological activities of some of the most potent and promising ciprofloxacin derivatives, as well as the synthetic strategies used to develop them, are thoroughly reviewed in this paper. Modification of ciprofloxacin via 4-oxo-3-carboxylic acid resulted in derivatives with reduced efficacy against bacterial strains. Hybrid molecules containing ciprofloxacin scaffolds displayed promising biological effects. The current review paper provides reported findings on the development of novel ciprofloxacin-based molecules with enhanced potency and intended therapeutic activities which will be of great interest to medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyolwethu Khwaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | | | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, South Africa;
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2
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Jakhar R, Khichi A, Kumar D, Sura K, Bhoomika, Dangi M, Chhillar AK. Development of pharmacophore model to identify potential DNA gyrase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10125-10135. [PMID: 36473713 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is great concern in the medical community due to rapid increase in antibiotic resistance, causing 700,000 deaths annually worldwide. Therefore, there is paramount need to develop novel and innovative antibacterial agents active against resistant bacterial strains. DNA gyrase is a crucial enzyme in bacterial replication that is absent in eukaryotes, making it effective curative target for antibacterials. To identify potential DNA gyrase inhibitors by virtual screening of NCI database using a 3-step approach. A total of 271 compounds with known IC50 values against Escherichia coli DNA GyrA were selected to develop a pharmacophore model for dual screening approach to identify new potential hits from the NCI database. In the second step, the NCI database was also screened using in-house built NN-QSAR model. Molecular docking of common 5298 compounds screened from both methods were performed against E. coli DNA GyrA (PDB id- 6RKU), and 3004 compounds are reported to exhibit lower binding energies than ciprofloxacin (-6.77 Kcal/mol). The top three compounds (NCI371878, NCI371876 and NCI142159) reported with binding energy of -13.5, -13.19 and -13.03 Kcal/mol were further subjected to MD simulation studies for 100 ns supporting the stability of the docked complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Jakhar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Alka Khichi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Dev Kumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kiran Sura
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Bhoomika
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mehak Dangi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Abdel-Aziz SA, Cirnski K, Herrmann J, Abdel-Aal MA, Youssif B, Salem O. Novel fluoroquinolone hybrids as dual DNA gyrase and urease inhibitors with potential antibacterial activity: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Abd-Elmonsif NM, El-Zainy MA, Rabea AA, Fathy Mohamed IA. The Prospective Effect of Cinnamon and Chia on Submandibular Salivary Glands After Ciprofloxacin Administration in Albino Rats (Histological, Histochemical, and Ultrastructural Study). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-18. [PMID: 35788256 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CPFX®) is potent fluoroquinolone but has severe side effects. Cinnamon (CIN) and chia seeds are potent antioxidants. The current work aimed to compare the effect of CIN extract and chia seeds on CPFX®-treated submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: received saline. Group 2: received CPFX®. Group 3: received CIN extract after 4 h of CPFX® administration. Group 4: received ground chia seeds after 4 h of CPFX® administration. After 10 days, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural examinations were done. Different examinations illustrated normal features of SMG in Groups 1 and 3. Group 2 showed degenerative signs. Group 4 showed normal features in some areas. Statistical results illustrated that Group 2 had highest mean vacuolation area%. Highest mean of PAS optical density (OD) was for Group 2. Concerning mercuric bromophenol blue stain OD; Group 1 showed highest mean OD. CPFX® has the deteriorative effect on SMG structure and ultrastructure. It leads to increased levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and decreased levels of total proteins. CIN extract showed more ameliorative effect compared to chia seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amany A Rabea
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Modified Fluoroquinolones as Antimicrobial Compounds Targeting Chlamydia trachomatis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126741. [PMID: 35743189 PMCID: PMC9224431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis causes the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection and trachoma, an eye infection. Untreated infections can lead to sequelae, such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy in women and blindness. We previously enhanced the antichlamydial activity of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin by grafting a metal chelating moiety onto it. In the present study, we pursued this pharmacomodulation and obtained nanomolar active molecules (EC50) against this pathogen. This gain in activity prompted us to evaluate the antibacterial activity of this family of molecules against other pathogenic bacteria, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and bacteria from the ESKAPE group. The results show that the novel molecules have selectively improved activity against C. trachomatis and demonstrate how the antichlamydial effect of fluoroquinolones can be enhanced.
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Fluoroquinolones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors; Enzyme Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies to Explore Their Mechanism of Action. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The binding of fluoroquinolones, the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, with melanin is well explored. However, their binding patterns and exact mechanism of interaction with tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanogenesis, are not explored yet. Thus, in the present study, seven fluoroquinolone drugs were selected to characterize their interactions with the tyrosinase enzyme: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin sesquihydrate, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin. The results confirmed that all the drugs execute excellent enzyme activity, with an inhibition range from IC50 = 28 ± 4 to 50 ± 1.9 μM, outperforming the standard hydroquinone (IC50 = 170 μM). Later, kinetic studies revealed that all the drugs showed irreversible, but mixed-type, tyrosinase inhibition, with a preferentially competitive mode of action. Further, 2D and 3D docked complexes and binding analyses confirmed their significant interactions in the active region of the target enzyme, sufficient for the downstream signaling responsible for the observed tyrosinase inhibition. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating their mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition, critical for melanin-dependent responses, including toxicity.
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Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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Sadowski E, Bercot B, Chauffour A, Gomez C, Varon E, Mainardis M, Sougakoff W, Mayer C, Sachon E, Anquetin G, Aubry A. Lipophilic quinolone derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 55:128450. [PMID: 34774742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the design of a series of 10 novel lipophilic piperazinyl derivatives of the 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, their synthesis, their characterisation by 1H, 13C and 19F NMR, IR spectroscopy and HRMS, as well as their biological activity against bacteria of medical interest. Among these derivatives, 2 were as potent as the parent quinolone against Neisseriagonorrhoeae whereas all the compounds displayed lower activity than the parent quinolone against other bacteria of medical interest. Our results showing that the increased lipophilicity was deleterious for antibacterial activity may help to design new quinolone derivatives in the future, especially lipophilic quinolones which have been poorly investigated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Sadowski
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Bercot
- Paris University, INSERM UMR1137, Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, IAME, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75870 Paris Cedex 18, France; French National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Associated Laboratory for Gonococci, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Infectious Agents Department, Bacteriology Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Chauffour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Gomez
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA7528), Equipe Chimie Moléculaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Varon
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 40 avenue de Verdun, 94010 Créteil, France; National Reference Center for Pneumococci, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 40 avenue de Verdun, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mary Mainardis
- Paris University, INSERM UMR1137, Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, IAME, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75870 Paris Cedex 18, France; French National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Associated Laboratory for Gonococci, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Infectious Agents Department, Bacteriology Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Sougakoff
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, F-75013 Paris, France; AP-HP. Sorbonne-Université, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Department of Computer Science, ICube UMR 7357, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 300 bd Sébastien Brant, 67400 Illkirch, France; Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Université de Paris, 5 rue Thomas-Mann, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, MS(3)U Platform, Mass Spectrometry Sciences Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Anquetin
- Université de Paris, ITODYS (Interfaces Traitements Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes), CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, F-75013 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 5 rue Thomas-Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
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9
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Dana S, Valissery P, Kumar S, Gurung SK, Mondal N, Dhar SK, Mukhopadhyay P. Synthesis of Novel Ciprofloxacin-Based Hybrid Molecules toward Potent Antimalarial Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1450-1456. [PMID: 32676153 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimalarial drug resistance is a serious obstacle in the persistent quest to eradicate malaria. There is a need for potent chemical agents that are able to act on drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum populations at reasonable concentrations without any related toxicity to the host. By rational drug design, we envisaged to address this issue by generating a novel hybrid drug possessing two pharmacophores that can act on two unique and independent targets within the cell. We synthesized a new class of ciprofloxacin-based hybrid molecules, which have been integrated with acridine, quinolone, sulphonamide, and cinnamoyl pharmacophores (1-4). We realized a potent chloroquinolone-ciprofloxacin-based antimalarial hybrid (2, CQ-CFX) whose mechanism of action is unlike that of its parent molecules indicating a unique biological target. CQ-CFX is not only potent against CQ-resistant and susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 values are 63.17 ± 1.2 nM and 25.52 ± 4.45 nM, respectively) but is also not toxic to mammalian and bacterial systems up to 20 μM and 1 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dana
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi − 110067, India
| | | | - Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi − 110067, India
| | | | | | | | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi − 110067, India
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Kumar A, Saxena N, Mehrotra A, Srivastava N. Review: Studies on the Synthesis of Quinolone Derivatives with Their Antibacterial Activity (Part 1). CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200427082108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quinolone derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their medicinal
properties. This review covers many synthetic routes of quinolones preparation with
their antibacterial properties. Detailed study with structure-activity relationship among
quinolone derivatives will be helpful in designing new drugs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Shri Siddhi Vinayak Institute of Technology, Nainital Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 241122, India
| | - Nishtha Saxena
- Bioorganic and Heterocyclic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006 (U.P.), India
| | - Arti Mehrotra
- IMS University Course Camps, School of Bioscience, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India
| | - Nivedita Srivastava
- Bioorganic and Heterocyclic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006 (U.P.), India
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Lomefloxacin—Occurrence in the German River Erft, Its Photo-Induced Elimination, and Assessment of Ecotoxicity. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in waters represent a worldwide problem of today. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are being researched for elimination of the ecological hazard. Among the substances, the fluoroquinolone antibiotic lomefloxacin was selected for investigation in this study. Lomefloxacin (LOM) was found in the German river Erft. Near and far ultraviolet (UVA, UVC) radiation were used as AOPs and compared for efficiency depending on pH, water matrix, and catalysts. Chemical kinetics description revealed that UVC at pH 8–9 led to the fastest degradation of LOM. The catalysts hydrogen peroxide and titanium dioxide had only limited influence on the degradation rate. Seven novel transformation products were structurally identified by high-resolution higher-order mass spectrometry. Ecotoxicity of the novel and known compounds was assessed by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. In addition, irradiation time dependent minimal, and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (MIC, IC50) of LOM solutions were determined and suggested as ecotoxicological hazard indicators. From MIC and kinetic rate constants, the irradiation time required for compound and activity removal could be predicted.
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Akula RK, Pamulaparthy SR, Koochana PK, Sriram D. Synthesis and In vitro Antibacterial, Antitubercular Studies of Novel Fluoroquinolones Analogs Containing 4-substituted Sec Amine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180529124816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tuberculosis is a contagious, air borne disease and second leading cause of
death among infectious diseases worldwide. Fluoroquinolones are well-known antibacterial agents and
they were recommended as second-line of antitubercular drugs.
Method:
A series of novel fluoroquinolone analogs 6-24 was effectively synthesized. An attempt was
made by tagging the substituted pyrazole on to fluoroquinolones for the first time at C-7 position. The
newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, ESI-MS, HR-MS and elemental
analysis. The in vitro antibacterial activity of all the title compounds was investigated against various
gram positive, gram negative bacterial organisms and in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
Result:
Most of the synthesized compounds showed comparable activity against the entire gram positive
and gram negative bacterial organisms. Fluoroquinolone 16 showed enhanced activity against both type
of bacterial strains and compound 11showed promising activity against MTB-H37Rv strain.
Conclusion:
Some of the novel fluoroquinolone analogs (11, 16) showed potent antibacterial, antitubercular
activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Akula
- Fluoroorganic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad- 500 007, India
| | - Shanthan R. Pamulaparthy
- Fluoroorganic Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad- 500 007, India
| | - Pranay K. Koochana
- Biology Division (Bioinformatics), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad- 500 007, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry & Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500078, India
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Fan YL, Liu M, Zhang FZ, Zhang S. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro
Antitubercular Evaluation of Isatin-ciprofloxacin Hybrids with Hydrogen Bonding Capacity. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Green Pharmaceutical Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-zhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Green Pharmaceutical Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; People's Republic of China
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14
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Fan YL, Wu JB, Cheng XW, Zhang FZ, Feng LS. Fluoroquinolone derivatives and their anti-tubercular activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:554-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Recent developments of coumarin-containing derivatives and their anti-tubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Anti-tubercular drug discovery: in silico implications and challenges. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:1-15. [PMID: 28341614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been reported as a major public health concern, especially in the developing countries. WHO report on tuberculosis 2016 shows a high mortality rate caused by TB leading to 1.8 million deaths worldwide (including deaths due to TB in HIV positive individuals), which is one of the top 10 causes of mortality in 2015. However, the main therapy used for the treatment of TB is still the Direct Observed Therapy Short-course (DOTS) that consists of four main first-line drugs. Due to the prolonged and unorganized use of these drugs, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed drug-resistance against them. To overcome this drug-resistance, efforts are continuously being made to develop new therapeutics. New drug-targets of Mtb are pursued by the researchers to develop their inhibitors. For this, new methodologies that comprise of the computational drug designing techniques are vigorously applied. A major limitation that is found with these techniques is the inability of the newly identified target-based inhibitors to inhibit the whole cell bacteria. A foremost factor for this limitation is the inability of these inhibitors to penetrate the bacterial cell wall. In this regard, various strategies to overcome this limitation have been discussed in detail in this review, along with new targets and new methodologies. A bunch of in silico tools available for the prediction of physicochemical properties that need to be explored to deal with the permeability issue of the Mtb inhibitors has also been discussed.
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Alday PH, Doggett JS. Drugs in development for toxoplasmosis: advances, challenges, and current status. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:273-293. [PMID: 28182168 PMCID: PMC5279849 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s60973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii causes fatal and debilitating brain and eye diseases. Medicines that are currently used to treat toxoplasmosis commonly have toxic side effects and require prolonged courses that range from weeks to more than a year. The need for long treatment durations and the risk of relapsing disease are in part due to the lack of efficacy against T. gondii tissue cysts. The challenges for developing a more effective treatment for toxoplasmosis include decreasing toxicity, achieving therapeutic concentrations in the brain and eye, shortening duration, eliminating tissue cysts from the host, safety in pregnancy, and creating a formulation that is inexpensive and practical for use in resource-poor areas of the world. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in identifying and developing new compounds for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. Unlike clinically used medicines that were repurposed for toxoplasmosis, these compounds have been optimized for efficacy against toxoplasmosis during preclinical development. Medicines with enhanced efficacy as well as features that address the unique aspects of toxoplasmosis have the potential to greatly improve toxoplasmosis therapy. This review discusses the facets of toxoplasmosis that are pertinent to drug design and the advances, challenges, and current status of preclinical drug research for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Holland Alday
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Joseph Stone Doggett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
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Kurasawa Y, Sasaki K. Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Tautomerism of 4-Quinolones and Related Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-14-806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kumar N, Dhamija I, Vasanth Raj P, Jayashree B, Parihar V, Manjula S, Thomas S, Gopalan Kutty N, Mallikarjuna Rao C. Preliminary investigation of cytotoxic potential of 2-quinolone derivatives using in vitro and in vivo (solid tumor and liquid tumor) models of cancer. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Guruswamy B, Arul R, Chaitanya MVSRK, Darsi SSPK. Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Tricyclic Benzoxazine Fluoroquinolones under Conventional and Microwave Methods. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Guruswamy
- Neuland Laboratories Research and Development Center; Bonthapally, Medak (Dist) Andhra Pradesh India 500 313
| | - R. Arul
- Neuland Laboratories Research and Development Center; Bonthapally, Medak (Dist) Andhra Pradesh India 500 313
| | - M. V. S. R. K. Chaitanya
- Department of Chemistry; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, College of Engineering; Kukatpally, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India 500 085
| | - S. S. Praveen Kumar Darsi
- Department of Chemistry; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, College of Engineering; Kukatpally, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India 500 085
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Kurasawa Y, Yoshida K, Yamazaki N, Sasaki K, Zamami Y, Min Z, Togi A, Ito H, Kaji E, Fukaya H. Quinolone Analogs 14: Synthesis of Antimalarial 1-Aryl-3-(4-quinolon-2-yl)ureas and Related Compounds. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kurasawa
- School of Pharmacy; Iwaki Meisei University; Iino, Chuodai, Iwaki-shi Fukushima 970-8551 Japan
| | - Kiminari Yoshida
- School of Pharmacy; Iwaki Meisei University; Iino, Chuodai, Iwaki-shi Fukushima 970-8551 Japan
| | - Naoki Yamazaki
- School of Pharmacy; Iwaki Meisei University; Iino, Chuodai, Iwaki-shi Fukushima 970-8551 Japan
| | - Kenji Sasaki
- Center for Faculty Development; Okayama University; Tsushimanaka, Okayama-shi Okayama 700-8530 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Tsushimanaka, Okayama-shi Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Tsushimanaka, Okayama-shi Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Zhao Min
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Tsushimanaka, Okayama-shi Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Atsumi Togi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Tsushimanaka, Okayama-shi Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; Tsushimanaka, Okayama-shi Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kitasato University; Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fukaya
- School of Pharmacy; Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
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Chen YL, Chen YW, Lo WF, Kao CL, Liu YS, Yao CW, Tzeng CC. Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation on Arylsulfonyl and Arylcarbonyl Derivatives of Ofloxacin. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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El-Gamel NEA. Silver(i) complexes as precursors to produce silver nanowires: structure characterization, antimicrobial activity and cell viability. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:9884-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt33092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang S, Jia XD, Liu ML, Lu Y, Guo HY. Synthesis, antimycobacterial and antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin derivatives containing a N-substituted benzyl moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5971-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zapol'skii VA, Namyslo JC, de Meijere A, Kaufmann DE. Chemistry of polyhalogenated nitrobutadienes, 10: Synthesis of highly functionalized heterocycles with a rigid 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane moiety. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:621-8. [PMID: 22563360 PMCID: PMC3343288 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitropolychlorobutadienes 3, 4 are valuable building blocks for various amination and successive heterocyclization products. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of the partially protected, bioactive amines 1, 2 with either vinyl, imidoyl or carbonyl chlorides result in the formation of the enamines 11, 12, 13, 16, 25, the amidine 6, and the amides 20, 21, respectively. In the following, cyclization to the highly functionalized pyrazoles 27, 28, pyrimidine 26 and pyridopyrimidine 24 succeeded. Deprotection of 21, 12 and 28 proved to be only partially feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A Zapol'skii
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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el-Gamel NEA, Zayed MA. Synthesis, structural characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation of metal complexes of sparfloxacin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 82:414-423. [PMID: 21856215 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of binary Cu(II)- (1), Co(II)- (2), Ni(II)- (3), Mn(II)- (4), Cr(III)- (5), Fe(III)- (6), La(III)- (7), UO(2)(VI)- (8) complexes with sparfloxacin (HL(1)) and ternary Cu(II)- (9), Co(II)- (10), Ni(II)- (11), Mn(II)- (12), Cr(III)- (13), Fe(III)- (14), La(III)- (15), UO(2)(VI)- (16) complexes with sparfloxacin (HL(1)) and DL-alanine (H(2)L(2)) complexes are reported using elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, IR, UV-Vis, thermal analysis and (1)H-NMR spectral studies. The molar conductance measurements of all the complexes in DMF solution correspond to non-electrolytic nature. All complexes were of the high-spin type and found to have six-coordinate octahedral geometry except the Cu(II) complexes which were four coordinate, square planar and U- and La-atoms in the uranyl and lanthanide have a pentagonal bipyramidal coordination sphere. The antimicrobial activity of these complexes has been screened against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria. Antifungal activity against two different fungi has been evaluated and compared with reference drug sparfloxacin. All the binary and ternary complexes showed remarkable potential antimicrobial activity higher than the recommended standard agents. Ni(II)- and Mn(II) complexes exhibited higher potency as compared to the parent drug against gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia E A el-Gamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma Street 12613, Giza, Egypt.
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Abd el-Halim HF, Mohamed GG, el-Dessouky MMI, Mahmoud WH. Ligational behaviour of lomefloxacin drug towards Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Th(IV) and UO(2)(VI) ions: synthesis, structural characterization and biological activity studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 82:8-19. [PMID: 21855402 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nine new mononuclear Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Th(IV) and UO(2)(VI) complexes of lomefloxacin drug were synthesized. The structures of these complexes were elucidated by elemental analyses, IR, XRD, UV-vis, (1)H NMR as well as conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermal analyses. The dissociation constants of lomefloxacin and stability constants of its binary complexes have been determined spectrophotometrically in aqueous solution at 25±1°C and at 0.1 M KNO(3) ionic strength. The discussion of the outcome data of the prepared complexes indicate that the lomefloxacin ligand behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand through OO coordination sites and coordinated to the metal ions via the carbonyl oxygen and protonated carboxylic oxygen with 1:1 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry for all complexes. The molar conductance measurements proved that the complexes are electrolytes. The powder XRD study reflects the crystalline nature for the investigated ligand and its complexes except Mn(II), Zn(II) and UO(2)(II). The geometrical structures of these complexes are found to be octahedral. The thermal behaviour of these chelates is studied where the hydrated complexes lose water molecules of hydration in the first steps followed by decomposition of the anions, coordinated water and ligand molecules in the subsequent steps. The activation thermodynamic parameters are calculated using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. A comparative study of the inhibition zones of the ligand and its metal complexes indicates that metal complexes exhibit higher antibacterial effect against one or more bacterial species than the free LFX ligand. The antifungal and anticancer activities were also tested. The antifungal effect of almost metal complexes is higher than the free ligand. LFX, [Co(LFX)(H(2)O)(4)]·Cl(2) and [Zn(LFX)(H(2)O)(4)]·Cl(2) were found to be very active with IC50 values 14, 11.2 and 43.1, respectively. While, other complexes had been found to be inactive at lower concentration than 100 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan F Abd el-Halim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Guo Q, Liu ML, Feng LS, Lv K, Guan Y, Guo HY, Xiao CL. Synthesis and In-Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity of Fluoroquinolone Derivatives Containing a Coumarin Moiety. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:802-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Kanagarajan V, Ezhilarasi MR, Gopalakrishnan M. In vitro microbiological evaluation of 1,1'-(5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5,1-(4H,5H)-diyl))diethanones, novel bisacetylated pyrazoles. Org Med Chem Lett 2011; 1:8. [PMID: 22373408 PMCID: PMC3339367 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 1,1'-(5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5,1-(4H,5H)-diyl))diethanones 7-12 were tested for their antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion and twofold serial dilution method against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Compounds 7 against Micrococcus luteus, 8 against β-Heamolytic streptococcus, M. luteus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Microsporum gypseum, 9 against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Vibreo cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor indicus, 10 against Salmonella typhii, S. flexneri, M. gypseum, 11 against K. pneumonia, M. gypseum, 12 against K. pneumonia, and M. gypseum show superior zone of inhibitions and exhibited excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities at a MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL. Moreover, all the tested compounds 7-12 revealed promising antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and INH-resistant M. tuberculosis. Compounds 8 against M. tuberculosis and 11 against INH-resistant M. tuberculosis exhibited the percentage of reduction in RLU at 89 and 85%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Kanagarajan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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El-Gamel NEA, Wortmann L, Arroub K, Mathur S. SiO2@Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles for covalent immobilization and release of sparfloxacin drug. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10076-8. [PMID: 21829847 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13708e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silica-coated Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles were synthesized as carriers for the covalent immobilization and release of antimicrobial drug sparfloxacin (SPFX). SPFX-loaded nanoparticles exhibited time-dependent drug release, with no measurable in vitro cytotoxicity, making the drug@nanoparticle conjugates potentially relevant for nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia E A El-Gamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
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Batista DDG, da Silva PB, Stivanin L, Lachter DR, Silva RS, Felcman J, Louro SR, Teixeira LR, Soeiro MDNC. Co(II), Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of fluoroquinolones: Synthesis, spectroscopical studies and biological evaluation against Trypanosoma cruzi. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of 8-OCH3 ciprofloxacin methylene and ethylene isatin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:341-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Judge V, Narang R, Sharma D, Narasimhan B, Kumar P. Hansch analysis for the prediction of antimycobacterial activity of ofloxacin derivatives. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma PC, Jain A, Jain S, Pahwa R, Yar MS. Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:577-89. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903373350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Jain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Rakesh Pahwa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Li X, Russell RK. Using Potassium Carbonate to Scavenge Hydrogen Fluoride: A Scale-Up Process for Quantitative Production of (1-Cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-4-(oxo-κO)-3-quinolinecarboxylato-κO3)difluoro−Boron. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op8000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., East Coast Research & Early Development, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
| | - Ronald K. Russell
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., East Coast Research & Early Development, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, U.S.A
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Dinakaran M, Senthilkumar P, Yogeeswari P, China A, Nagaraja V, Sriram D. Novel ofloxacin derivatives: synthesis, antimycobacterial and toxicological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:1229-36. [PMID: 18068979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirty novel 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-8,10-(mono/di-sub)-3-methyl-8-nitro-7-oxo-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acids were synthesized from 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro benzoic acid and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB), multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MC(2)) and also tested for the ability to inhibit the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase from mycobacteria. Among the synthesized compounds, 10-[2-carboxy-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-8-nitro-7-oxo-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid was found to be the most active compound in vitro with MIC99 of 0.19 microM and 0.09 microM against MTB and MTR-TB, respectively. In the in vivo animal model also the same compound decreased the bacterial load in lung and spleen tissues with 1.91 and 2.91--log10 protections, respectively, at the dose of 50mg/kg body weight. Compound 10-[(4-((4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)]-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-8-nitro-7-oxo-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid was found to be the most active in the inhibition of the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase with an IC(50) of 10.0 microg/mL. The results demonstrate the potential and importance of developing new oxazino quinolone derivatives against mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Dinakaran
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
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Senthilkumar P, Dinakaran M, Banerjee D, Devakaram RV, Yogeeswari P, China A, Nagaraja V, Sriram D. Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of newer 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-7-(substituted secondary amino)-8-methoxy-5-(sub)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 16:2558-69. [PMID: 18078756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four newer 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-7-(substituted secondary amino)-8-methoxy-5-(sub)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids were synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro benzene and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB), multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MC(2)) and also tested for the ability to inhibit the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase. Among the synthesized compounds, 7-(1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-5-nitro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (13n) was found to be the most active compound in vitro with MIC of 0.16 and 0.33 microM against MTB and MDR-TB, respectively. In the in vivo animal model 13n decreased the bacterial load in lung and spleen tissues with 2.54 and 2.92-log10 protections, respectively, at the dose of 50mg/kg body weight. Compound 13n also inhibited the supercoiling activity of mycobacterial DNA gyrase with IC(50) of 30.0 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Senthilkumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
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Senthilkumar P, Dinakaran M, Yogeeswari P, China A, Nagaraja V, Sriram D. Antimycobacterial activities of novel fluoroquinolones. Biomed Pharmacother 2007; 63:27-35. [PMID: 18031974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-one novel 1-(cyclopropyl/2,4-difluorophenyl/t-butyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-7-(sub secondary amino)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids were synthesized and evaluated for their antimycobacterial in vitro and in vivo against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB), multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MC(2)) and also tested for the ability to inhibit the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase from M. smegmatis. Among the synthesized compounds, 7-(3-(diethylcarbamoyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (7l) was found to be the most active compound in vitro with MIC of 0.09 microM against MTB and MDR-TB respectively. In the in vivo animal model 7l decreased the mycobacterial load in lung and spleen tissues with 2.53- and 4.88-log10 protections respectively at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Senthilkumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Sriram D, Senthilkumar P, Dinakaran M, Yogeeswari P, China A, Nagaraja V. Antimycobacterial Activities of Novel 1-(Cyclopropyl/tert-butyl/4-fluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro- 6-nitro-4-oxo-7-(substituted secondary amino)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic Acid. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6232-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm700999n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India, and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Palaniappan Senthilkumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India, and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Murugesan Dinakaran
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India, and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Perumal Yogeeswari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India, and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Arnab China
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India, and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India, and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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de Almeida MV, Saraiva MF, de Souza MVN, da Costa CF, Vicente FRC, Lourenço MCS. Synthesis and antitubercular activity of lipophilic moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5661-4. [PMID: 17804222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) has a broad spectrum of activity against several bacteria, mycobacteria, parasites, and other diseases. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin are a new generation of fluoroquinolone agents with improved activity against Gram-negative and positive bacteria. As lipophilicity is an important consideration in the design and activity of novel antibacterial agents, we report in this work the synthesis and biological evaluation of 12 lipophilic moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin derivatives, by reaction of 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid 13 with several N-monoalkyl 1,2-ethanediamine or 1,3-propanediamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro V de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Cidade Universitária, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Dar MA, Sharma A, Mondal N, Dhar SK. Molecular cloning of apicoplast-targeted Plasmodium falciparum DNA gyrase genes: unique intrinsic ATPase activity and ATP-independent dimerization of PfGyrB subunit. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 6:398-412. [PMID: 17220464 PMCID: PMC1828931 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00357-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA gyrase, a typical type II topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils in DNA, is essential for replication and transcription in prokaryotes. The apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains the genes for both gyrase A and gyrase B in its genome. Due to the large sizes of both proteins and the unusual codon usage of the highly AT-rich P. falciparum gyrA (PfgyrA) and PfgyrB genes, it has so far been impossible to characterize these proteins, which could be excellent drug targets. Here, we report the cloning, expression, and functional characterization of full-length PfGyrB and functional domains of PfGyrA. Unlike Escherichia coli GyrB, PfGyrB shows strong intrinsic ATPase activity and follows a linear pattern of ATP hydrolysis characteristic of dimer formation in the absence of ATP analogues. These unique features have not been reported for any known gyrase so far. The PfgyrB gene complemented the E. coli gyrase temperature-sensitive strain, and, together with the N-terminal domain of PfGyrA, it showed typical DNA cleavage activity. Furthermore, PfGyrA contains a unique leucine heptad repeat that might be responsible for dimerization. These results confirm the presence of DNA gyrase in eukaryotes and confer great potential for drug development and organelle DNA replication in the deadliest human malarial parasite, P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Dar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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