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Loori S, Pourtaher H, Mehranpour A, Hasaninejad A, Eftekharian M, Iraji A. Synthesis of novel aryl-substituted 2-aminopyridine derivatives by the cascade reaction of 1,1-enediamines with vinamidinium salts to develop novel anti-Alzheimer agents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13780. [PMID: 38877034 PMCID: PMC11178820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a severe neurodegenerative disorder, imposes socioeconomic burdens and necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Current therapeutic interventions are limited and underscore the need for novel inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), enzymes implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we report a novel synthetic strategy for the generation of 2-aminopyridine derivatives via a two-component reaction converging aryl vinamidinium salts with 1,1-enediamines (EDAMs) in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent system, catalyzed by triethylamine (Et3N). The protocol introduces a rapid, efficient, and scalable synthetic pathway, achieving good to excellent yields while maintaining simplistic workup procedures. Seventeen derivatives were synthesized and subsequently screened for their inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE. The most potent derivative, 3m, exhibited an IC50 value of 34.81 ± 3.71 µM against AChE and 20.66 ± 1.01 µM against BChE compared to positive control donepezil with an IC50 value of 0.079 ± 0.05 µM against AChE and 10.6 ± 2.1 µM against BChE. Also, detailed kinetic studies were undertaken to elucidate their modes of enzymatic inhibition of the most potent compounds against both AChE and BChE. The promising compound was then subjected to molecular docking and dynamics simulations, revealing significant binding affinities and favorable interaction profiles against AChE and BChE. The in silico ADMET assessments further determined the drug-like properties of 3m, suggesting it as a promising candidate for further pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Loori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | - Hormoz Pourtaher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Hasaninejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | | | - Aida Iraji
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Tantawy ES, Nafie MS, Morsy HA, El-Sayed HA, Moustafa AH, Mohammed SM. Synthesis of novel bioactive pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent cytotoxicity through apoptosis as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11098-11111. [PMID: 38586446 PMCID: PMC10996840 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct synthesis and cytotoxicity activity of new series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine was described. Nicotinamide 2 was synthesized via cyclization of N-cyclohexyl derivative with cyanoacetamide. The o-aminonicotinonitrile 2 was subjected to acylation or thio acylation process followed by intramolecular heterocyclization to afford the desired pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3-10) and pyrido triazine 11. Compounds 4 and 11 exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 0.57 μM and 1.31 μM and IC50 values of 1.13 μM and 0.99 μM against HepG2 cells. Interestingly, compounds 4 and 10 had potent PIM-1 kinase inhibition with IC50 values of 11.4 and 17.2 nM, respectively, with inhibition of 97.8% and 94.6% compared to staurosporine (IC50 = 16.7 nM, with 95.6% inhibition). Moreover, compound 4 significantly activated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, increasing the cell apoptosis by 58.29-fold by having 36.14% total apoptosis in treated cells compared to 0.62% for control. Moreover, it arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. PIM-1 kinase inhibition was virtually elucidated by the molecular docking study, highlighting binding interactions of the lead compound 4 towards the PIM-1 protein. Accordingly, compound 4 was validated as a promising PIM-1 targeted chemotherapeutic agent to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S Tantawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah P. O. 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University P. O. 41522 Ismailia Egypt
| | - Hesham A Morsy
- Higher Institution of Engineering & Modern Technology Elmarg Cairo 13774 Egypt
| | - Hassan A El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Samar M Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
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3
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Chakkittukandiyil A, Chakraborty S, Kothandan R, Rymbai E, Muthu SK, Vasu S, Sajini DV, Sugumar D, Mohammad ZB, Jayaram S, Rajagopal K, Ramachandran V, Selvaraj D. Side effects based network construction and drug repositioning of ropinirole as a potential molecule for Alzheimer's disease: an in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37723871 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2258968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Drug repositioning is a process of finding new therapeutic applications for existing drugs. One of the methods in drug repositioning is to use the side-effect profile of a drug to identify a new therapeutic indication. The drugs with similar side-effects may act on similar biological targets and could affect the same biochemical process. In this study, we explored the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs using PROMISCUOUS database to find those that have adverse effects profile comparable with the ligands being studied or used to treat AD. Here, we found that the ropinirole, a dopamine receptor agonist, shared a maximum number of side-effects with the drugs proven beneficial for treating AD. Furthermore, molecular modelling demonstrated that ropinirole exhibited strong binding affinity (-9.313 kcal/mol) and best ligand efficiency (0.49) with sigma-1 receptor. Here, we observed that the quaternary amino group of ropinirole is essential for binding with sigma-1 receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation indicated that the movement of the carboxy-terminal helices (α4/α5) could play a major role in the receptor's physiological functions. The neurotoxicity induced by Aβ25-35 in SH-SY5Y cells was reduced by ropinirole at concentrations 10, 30, and 50 µM. The effect on spatial learning and memory was examined in mice with Aβ25-35 induced memory deficit using the radial arm maze. Ropinirole (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly improved the short and long-term memories in the radial arm maze test. Our results suggest that ropinirole has the potential to be repositioned for AD treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Chakkittukandiyil
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurav Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Kothandan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emdormi Rymbai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Muthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, GN Mills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumya Vasu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Vasudevan Sajini
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepa Sugumar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zubair Baba Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Jayaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalirajan Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vadivelan Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divakar Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saeed S, Zahoor AF, Kamal S, Raza Z, Bhat MA. Unfolding the Antibacterial Activity and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Potential of Benzofuran-Triazole Hybrids: Synthesis, Antibacterial, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:6007. [PMID: 37630258 PMCID: PMC10459521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel benzofuran-based 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (10a-e) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and bacterial strains (E. coli and B. subtilis). Preliminary results revealed that almost all assayed compounds displayed promising efficacy against AChE, while compound 10d was found to be a highly potent inhibitor of AChE. Similarly, these 5-bromobenzofuran-triazoles 10a-e were screened against B. subtilis QB-928 and E. coli AB-274 to evaluate their antibacterial potential in comparison to the standard antibacterial drug penicillin. Compound 10b was found to be the most active among all screened scaffolds, with an MIC value of 1.25 ± 0.60 µg/mL against B. subtilis, having comparable therapeutic efficacy to the standard drug penicillin (1 ± 1.50 µg/mL). Compound 10a displayed excellent antibacterial therapeutic efficacy against the E. coli strain with comparable MIC of 1.80 ± 0.25 µg/mL to that of the commercial drug penicillin (2.4 ± 1.00 µg/mL). Both the benzofuran-triazole molecules 10a and 10b showed a larger zone of inhibition. Moreover, IFD simulation highlighted compound 10d as a novel lead anticholinesterase scaffold conforming to block entrance, limiting the swinging gate, and disrupting the catalytic triad of AChE, and further supported its significant AChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.55 ± 1.00 µM. Therefore, compound 10d might be a promising candidate for further development in Alzheimer's disease treatment, and compounds 10a and 10b may be lead antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Zohaib Raza
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Anwar S, Rehman W, Hussain R, Khan S, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Khan Y, Iqbal S, Naz A, Hashmi MA. Investigation of Novel Benzoxazole-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Effective Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:909. [PMID: 37513821 PMCID: PMC10384982 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that is distinguished clinically by cognitive and memory decline and adversely affects the people of old age. The treatments for this disease gained much attention and have prompted increased interest among researchers in this field. As a springboard to explore new anti-Alzheimer's chemical prototypes, the present study was carried out for the synthesis of benzoxazole-oxadiazole analogues as effective Alzheimer's inhibitors. In this research work, we have focused our efforts to synthesize a series of benzoxazole-oxadiazole (1-19) and evaluating their anti-Alzheimer properties. In addition, the precise structures of synthesized derivatives were confirmed with the help of various spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. To find the anti-Alzheimer potentials of the synthesized compounds (1-19), in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), inhibitory activities were performed using Donepezil as the reference standard. From structure-activity (SAR) analysis, it was confirmed that any variation found in inhibitory activities of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes were due to different substitution patterns of substituent(s) at the variable position of both acetophenone aryl and oxadiazole aryl rings. The results of the anti-Alzheimer assay were very encouraging and showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging from 5.80 ± 2.18 to 40.80 ± 5.90 µM (against AChE) and 7.20 ± 2.30 to 42.60 ± 6.10 µM (against BuChE) as compared to standard Donepezil drug (IC50 = 33.65 ± 3.50 µM (for AChE) and 35.80 ± 4.60 µM (for BuChE), respectively. Specifically, analogues 2, 15 and 16 were identified to be significantly active, even found to be more potent than standard inhibitors with IC50 values of 6.40 ± 1.10, 5.80 ± 2.18 and 6.90 ± 1.20 (against AChE) and 7.50 ± 1.20, 7.20 ± 2.30 and 7.60 ± 2.10 (against BuChE). The results obtained were compared to standard drugs. These findings reveal that benzoxazole-oxadiazole analogues act as AChE and BuChE inhibitors to develop novel therapeutics for treating Alzheimer's disease and can act as lead molecules in drug discovery as potential anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22020, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Adeela Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
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6
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Tripathi R, Kumar P. Preliminary study to identify CXCR4 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Integr Biol (Camb) 2023; 15:zyad012. [PMID: 37635325 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are known to exhibit genetic overlap and shared pathophysiology. This study aims to find the shared genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), two major age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders. The gene expression profiles of GSE67333 (containing samples from AD patients) and GSE114517 (containing samples from PD patients) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) functional genomics database managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The web application GREIN (GEO RNA-seq Experiments Interactive Navigator) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 617 DEGs (239 upregulated and 379 downregulated) were identified from the GSE67333 dataset. Likewise, 723 DEGs (378 upregulated and 344 downregulated) were identified from the GSE114517 dataset. The protein-protein interaction networks of the DEGs were constructed, and the top 50 hub genes were identified from the network of the respective dataset. Of the four common hub genes between two datasets, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) was selected due to its gene expression signature profile and the same direction of differential expression between the two datasets. Mavorixafor was chosen as the reference drug due to its known inhibitory activity against CXCR4 and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of 51 molecules having structural similarity with Mavorixafor was performed to find two novel molecules, ZINC49067615 and ZINC103242147. This preliminary study might help predict molecular targets and diagnostic markers for treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Insight Box Our research substantiates the therapeutic relevance of CXCR4 inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. We would like to disclose the following insights about this study. We found common signatures between Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases at transcriptional levels by analyzing mRNA sequencing data. These signatures were used to identify putative therapeutic agents for these diseases through computational analysis. Thus, we proposed two novel compounds, ZINC49067615 and ZINC103242147, that were stable, showed a strong affinity with CXCR4, and exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties. The interaction of these compounds with major residues of CXCR4 has also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
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Sağlık BN, Levent S, Osmaniye D, Evren AE, Karaduman AB, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Silico Approaches of Novel Indanone Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47378-47404. [PMID: 36570177 PMCID: PMC9774391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological, progressive illness that typically affects the elderly and is clinically distinguished by memory and cognitive decline. Due to a number of factors, including the absence of a radical treatment, an increase in the patient population over time, the high cost of care and treatment, and a significant decline in patients' quality of life, the importance of this disease has increased. These factors have all prompted increased interest among researchers in this field. The chemical structure of the donepezil molecule, the most popular and effective treatment response for AD, served as the basis for the design and synthesis of 42 novel indan-1-one derivatives in this study. Using IR, 1H, and 13C NMR as well as mass spectroscopic techniques, the compounds' structures were identified. Research on the compounds' antioxidant activities, cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme inhibition, monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B inhibitory activities, β-amyloid plaque inhibition, and cytotoxicity impact was carried out. Inhibition of β-amyloid plaque aggregation; effective inhibition of AChE, BChE, and MAO-B enzymes; and significant antioxidant activity were all demonstrated by compounds D28-D30 and D37-D39. Because of their various actions, it was hypothesized that the related compounds may be useful in treating AD symptoms as well as providing palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department
of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central
Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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A single-molecule with multiple investigations: Synthesis, characterization, computational methods, inhibitory activity against Alzheimer's disease, toxicity, and ADME studies. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Kamalı A, Çakmak R, Boğa M. Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of novel heterocyclic Schiff base derivatives containing an aryl sulfonate moiety. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Kamalı
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services Batman University Batman Turkey
| | - Reşit Çakmak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services Batman University Batman Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boğa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Dicle University Diyarbakır Turkey
- Dicle University Health Sciences Application and Research Center (DÜSAM) Diyarbakır Turkey
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Discovery of Guanidine Derivatives from Buthus martensii Karsch with Metal-Binding and Cholinesterase Inhibition Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216737. [PMID: 34771145 PMCID: PMC8588048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two rare guanidine-type alkaloids, Buthutin A (1) and Buthutin B (2), along with two other compounds (3, 4), were isolated from Buthus martensii Karsch, and determined using extensive spectroscopic data analysis and high resolution-mass spectrometry. Compound 1 showed the most potent inhibition on AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 7.83 ± 0.06 and 47.44 ± 0.95 μM, respectively. Kinetic characterization of compound 1 confirmed a mixed-type of AChE inhibition mechanism in accordance with the docking results, which shows its interaction with both catalytic active (CAS) and peripheral anionic (PAS) sites. The specific binding of compound 1 to PAS domain of AChE was also confirmed experimentally. Moreover, compounds 1 and 3 exhibited satisfactory biometal binding abilities toward Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ ions. These results provide a new evidence for further development and utilization of B. martensii in health and pharmaceutical products.
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11
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Bilginer S, Gul HI, Hanci H, Gulcin I. Antibacterial and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potentials of Triazenes Containg Sulfonamide Moiety. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Salman MM, Al-Obaidi Z, Kitchen P, Loreto A, Bill RM, Wade-Martins R. Advances in Applying Computer-Aided Drug Design for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4688. [PMID: 33925236 PMCID: PMC8124449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are incurable and affect millions of people worldwide. The development of treatments for this unmet clinical need is a major global research challenge. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods minimize the huge number of ligands that could be screened in biological assays, reducing the cost, time, and effort required to develop new drugs. In this review, we provide an introduction to CADD and examine the progress in applying CADD and other molecular docking studies to NDs. We provide an updated overview of potential therapeutic targets for various NDs and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Zaid Al-Obaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (P.K.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Andrea Loreto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (P.K.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
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Kareem RT, Abedinifar F, Mahmood EA, Ebadi AG, Rajabi F, Vessally E. The recent development of donepezil structure-based hybrids as potential multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents: highlights from 2010 to 2020. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30781-30797. [PMID: 35498922 PMCID: PMC9041380 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a term used to define different brain disorders that affect memory, thinking, behavior, and emotion. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the second cause of dementia that is generated by the death of cholinergic neurons (especially acetylcholine (ACh)), which have a vital role in cognition. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) affect acetylcholine levels in the brain and are broadly used to treat Alzheimer's. Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, which are FDA-approved drugs for AD, are cholinesterase inhibitors. In addition, scientists are attempting to develop hybrid molecules and multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) that can simultaneously modulate multiple biological targets. This review highlights recent examples of MTDLs and fragment-based strategy in the rational design of new potential AD medications from 2010 onwards. This review highlights recent examples of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) based on donepezil structure modification from 2010 onwards.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rzgar Tawfeeq Kareem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bu Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Abedinifar
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Evan Abdolkareem Mahmood
- College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan region of Iraq
| | - Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi
- Department of Agriculture, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Marucci G, Buccioni M, Ben DD, Lambertucci C, Volpini R, Amenta F. Efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 190:108352. [PMID: 33035532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of adult-onset dementia is characterized by a progressive decline of cognitive functions accompanied by behavioral manifestations. The main class of drugs currently used for the treatment of AD are acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is). The first ChE-I licensed for symptomatic treatment of AD was tacrine. The ChE-Is currently available in the market are donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine as tacrine is no longer in use, due to its hepatotoxicity. According to mechanism of action the ChE-Is are classified as short-acting or reversible agents such as tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine, as intermediate-acting or pseudo-irreversible agent such as rivastigmine. Overall, the efficacy of the three ChE-Is available in the market is similar and the benefit of administration of these compounds is mild and may not be clinically significant. Due to gastrointestinal side effects of these drugs, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical delivery studies have investigated solutions to improve the pharmacological activity of these compounds. In spite of the limited activity of ChE-Is, waiting for more effective approaches, these drugs still represent a pharmacotherapeutic resource for the treatment of AD. Other approaches in which ChE-Is were investigated is in their use in combination with other classes of drugs such as cholinergic precursors, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and antioxidant agents. After many years from the introduction in therapy of ChE-Is, the combination with other classes of drugs may represent the chance for a renewed interest of ChE-Is in the treatment of adult-onset dementia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Center University of Camerino via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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15
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Silva D, Mendes E, Summers EJ, Neca A, Jacinto AC, Reis T, Agostinho P, Bolea I, Jimeno ML, Mateus ML, Oliveira‐Campos AMF, Unzeta M, Marco‐Contelles J, Majekova M, Ramsay RR, Carreiras MC. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of nitrile‐containing compounds: Exploring multiple activities as anti‐Alzheimer agents. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:215-231. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Eleanor J. Summers
- Biomedical Sciences Research ComplexUniversity of St. Andrews St. Andrews UK
| | - Ana Neca
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana C. Jacinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Telma Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- Faculty of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Irene Bolea
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - M. Luisa Jimeno
- Centro de Química Orgánica “Lora Tamayo” (CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - M. Luisa Mateus
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | | | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - José Marco‐Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Organic Chemistry (CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Magdalena Majekova
- Center of Experimental MedicineInstitute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research ComplexUniversity of St. Andrews St. Andrews UK
| | - M. Carmo Carreiras
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
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Mohsin NUA, Ahmad M. Donepezil: A review of the recent structural modifications and their impact on anti-Alzheimer activity. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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Pourshojaei Y, Abiri A, Eskandari K, Haghighijoo Z, Edraki N, Asadipour A. Phenoxyethyl Piperidine/Morpholine Derivatives as PAS and CAS Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: Insights for Future Drug Design. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19855. [PMID: 31882733 PMCID: PMC6934599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catalyzes the conversion of Aβ peptide to its aggregated form and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE is mainly involved in this phenomenon. Also catalytic active site (CAS) of donepezil stimulates the break-down of acetylcholine (ACh) and depletion of ACh in cholinergic synapses are well established in brains of patients with AD. In this study, a set of compounds bearing phenoxyethyl amines were synthesized and their inhibitory activity toward electric eel AChE (eeAChE) and equine butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE) were evaluated. Molecular dynamics (MD) was employed to record the binding interactions of best compounds against human cholinesterases (hAChE and hBuChE) as well as donepezil as reference drug. In vitro results revealed that compound 5c is capable of inhibiting eeAChE activity at IC50 of 0.50 µM while no inhibitory activity was found for eqBuChE for up to 100 µM concentrations. Compound 5c, also due to its facile synthesis, small structure and high selectivity for eeAChE would be very interesting candidate in forthcoming studies. The main interacting parts of compound 5c and compound 7c (most potent eeAChE and eqBuChE inhibitors respectively) with receptors which confer selectivity for AChE and BuChE inhibition were identified, discussed, and compared with donepezil’s interactions. Also during MD simulation it was discovered for the first time that binding of substrates like donepezil to dual CAS and PAS or solely CAS region might have a suppressive impact on 4-α-helical bundles near the tryptophan amphiphilic tetramerization (WAT) domain of AChE and residues which are far away from AChE active site. The results proposed that residues involved in donepezil interactions (Trp86 and Phe295) which are located in CAS and mid-gorge are the mediator of conformational changes in whole protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khalil Eskandari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Haghighijoo
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Asadipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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18
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Saxena M, Dubey R. Target Enzyme in Alzheimer’s Disease: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:264-275. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190128125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), affecting a large population worldwide is characterized by the
loss of memory and learning ability in the old population. The enzyme Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme
(AChE) is the key enzyme in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and is also the target
of most of the clinically used drugs for the treatment of AD but these drugs provide only symptomatic
treatment and have the limitation of loss of therapeutic efficacy with time. The development of different
strategies targeting the AChE enzyme along with other targets like Butyl Cholinesterase (BChE),
amyloid-β (Aβ), β-secretase-1 (BACE), metals antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity
has been focused in recent years. Literature search was conducted for the molecules and their
rational design which have shown inhibition for AChE and the other abovementioned targets. Several
hybrid molecules incorporating the main sub-structures derived from diverse chemotypes like acridine,
quinoline, carbamates, and other heterocyclic analogs have shown desired pharmacological activity
with a good profile in a single molecule. It is followed by optimization of the activity through structural
modifications guided by structure-activity relationship studies. It has led to the discovery of novel
molecules 17b, 20, and 23 with desired AChE inhibition along with desirable activity against other
abovementioned targets for further pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Saxena
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow-226010, India
| | - Ragini Dubey
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow-226010, India
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19
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Benchekroun M, Pachón-Angona I, Luzet V, Martin H, Oset-Gasque MJ, Marco-Contelles J, Ismaili L. Synthesis, antioxidant and Aβ anti-aggregation properties of new ferulic, caffeic and lipoic acid derivatives obtained by the Ugi four-component reaction. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:221-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Mishra P, Kumar A, Panda G. Anti-cholinesterase hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer’s disease (1998–2018). Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:895-930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Synthesis of N-substituted tetrapropargylamines by catalytic aminomethylation of α,ω-diacetylenes. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Kumar A, Tiwari A, Sharma A. Changing Paradigm from one Target one Ligand Towards Multi-target Directed Ligand Design for Key Drug Targets of Alzheimer Disease: An Important Role of In Silico Methods in Multi-target Directed Ligands Design. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:726-739. [PMID: 29542413 PMCID: PMC6080096 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180315141643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is now considered as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder and rapidly increasing to an alarming situation and causing higher death rate. One target one ligand hypothesis does not provide complete solution of AD due to multifactorial nature of the disease and one target one drug fails to provide better treatment against AD. Moreo-ver, currently available treatments are limited and most of the upcoming treatments under clinical trials are based on modulat-ing single target. So, the current AD drug discovery research is shifting towards a new approach for a better solution that simultaneously modulates more than one targets in the neurodegenerative cascade. This can be achieved by network pharma-cology, multi-modal therapies, multifaceted, and/or the more recently proposed term “multi-targeted designed drugs”. Drug discovery project is a tedious, costly and long-term project. Moreover, multi-target AD drug discovery added extra challeng-es such as the good binding affinity of ligands for multiple targets, optimal ADME/T properties, no/less off-target side effect and crossing of the blood-brain barrier. These hurdles may be addressed by insilico methods for an efficient solution in less time and cost as computational methods successfully applied to single target drug discovery project. Here, we are summariz-ing some of the most prominent and computationally explored single targets against AD and further, we discussed a success-ful example of dual or multiple inhibitors for same targets. Moreover, we focused on ligand and structure-based computa-tional approach to design MTDL against AD. However, it is not an easy task to balance dual activity in a single molecule but computational approach such as virtual screening docking, QSAR, simulation and free energy is useful in future MTDLs drug discovery alone or in combination with a fragment-based method. However, rational and logical implementations of computational drug designing methods are capable of assisting AD drug discovery and play an important role in optimizing multi-target drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, (U.P.), India
| | - Ashish Tiwari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, (U.P.), India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, (U.P.), India
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23
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Sehgal SA, Hammad MA, Tahir RA, Akram HN, Ahmad F. Current Therapeutic Molecules and Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on in silico Drug Design. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:649-663. [PMID: 29542412 PMCID: PMC6080102 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180315142137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Background As the number of elderly persons increases, neurodegenerative diseases are becoming ubiquitous. There is currently a great need for knowledge concerning management of old-age neurodegenerative diseases; the most important of which are: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Objective To summarize the potential of computationally predicted molecules and targets against neurodegenerative diseases. Method Review of literature published since 1997 against neurodegenerative diseases, utilizing as keywords: in silico, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS, and Huntington’s disease was conducted. Results and Conclusion Due to the costs associated with experimentation and current ethical law, performing experiments directly on living organisms has become much more difficult. In this scenario, in silico techniques have been successful and have become powerful tools in the search to cure disease. Researchers use the Computer Aided Drug Design pipeline which: 1) generates 3-dimensional structures of target proteins through homology modeling 2) achieves stabilization through molecular dynamics simulation, and 3) exploits molecular docking through large compound libraries. Next generation sequencing is continually producing enormous amounts of raw sequence data while neuroimaging is producing a multitude of raw image data. To solve such pressing problems, these new tools and algorithms are required. This review elaborates precise in silico tools and techniques for drug targets, active molecules, and molecular docking studies, together with future prospects and challenges concerning possible breakthroughs in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China.,Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mirza A Hammad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Rana Adnan Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, China
| | - Hafiza Nisha Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Circulating extracellular vesicles in the aging process: impact of aerobic exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:115-125. [PMID: 28819811 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate transitory and delayed exercise effects on serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) in aging process. Male Wistar rats of 3-, 21-, and 26-month old were allocated into exercised and sedentary groups. The exercise protocol consisted in a daily moderate treadmill exercise (20 min daily during 2 weeks). Trunk blood was collected 1 and 18 h after the last exercise session, and circulating EVs were obtained. CD63 levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were used as markers of exosome, a subtype of EVs. In addition, the quantification of amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and the oxidative status parameters, specifically reactive species content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and SOD1 content were evaluated. Aged rats showed reduced CD63 levels and increased AChE activity in circulating exosomes compared to young ones. Moreover, higher reactive species levels were found in circulating EVs of aged rats. Delayed exercise effects were observed on peripheral EVs, since CD63, reactive species content, and AChE activity were altered 18 h after the last exercise session. Our results suggest that the healthy aging process can modify circulating EVs profile, and exercise-induced beneficial effects may be related to its modulation on EVs.
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Korábečný J, Nepovimová E, Cikánková T, Špilovská K, Vašková L, Mezeiová E, Kuča K, Hroudová J. Newly Developed Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease in Relation to Energy Metabolism, Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Neurotransmission. Neuroscience 2017; 370:191-206. [PMID: 28673719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current options for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment are based on administration of cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) and/or memantine, acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Therapeutic approaches vary and include novel cholinesterase inhibitors, modulators of NMDA receptors, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, immunotherapeutics, modulators of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP), amyloid-beta binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) modulators, antioxidant agents, etc. The novel trends of AD therapy are focused on multiple targeted ligands, where mostly ChE inhibition is combined with additional biological properties, positively affecting neuronal energy metabolism as well as mitochondrial functions, and possessing antioxidant properties. The present review summarizes newly developed drugs targeting cholinesterase and MAO, as well as drugs affecting mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimová
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Špilovská
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Třebešská 1575, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vašková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiová
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Tetrachlorosilane and zinc chloride as a binary reagent for the preparation of 2-amino-6-chloropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Management of Alzheimer’s disease—An insight of the enzymatic and other novel potential targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:700-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Novel butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors through pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and DFT-based approaches along-with design of bioisosterism-based analogues. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:646-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Synthesis of new donepezil analogues and investigation of their effects on cholinesterase enzymes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:1026-1040. [PMID: 27783974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Donepezil (DNP), an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, is one of the most preferred choices in Alzheimer diseases (AD) therapy. In the present study, 38 new DNP analogues were synthesized. Structures of the synthesized compounds (1-38) were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Inhibitory potential of the compounds on cholinesterase enzymes was investigated. None of the compounds displayed significant activity on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme. On the other hand, compounds 26-29 indicated important inhibitory activity on AChE enzyme. Kinetic studies were performed in order to observe the effects of the most active compounds on substrate-enzyme relationship. Cytotoxicity studies and theoretical calculation of pharmacokinetic properties were also carried out to get an information about toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of the compounds. The compounds 26-29 were found to be nontoxic at their effective concentrations against AChE. A good pharmacokinetic profile was predicted for these compounds. Docking studies were performed for the most active compounds 26-29 and interaction modes with enzyme active sites were determined. Docking studies revealed that there is a strong interaction between the active sites of AChE enzyme and analyzed compounds.
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Criado M, Mulet J, Sala F, Sala S, Colmena I, Gandía L, Bautista-Aguilera OM, Samadi A, Chioua M, Marco-Contelles J. N-Benzylpiperidine Derivatives as α7 Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1157-65. [PMID: 27254782 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of multitarget directed propargylamines, as well as other differently susbstituted piperidines have been screened as potential modulators of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Most of them showed antagonist actions on α7 nAChRs. Especially, compounds 13, 26, and 38 displayed submicromolar IC50 values on homomeric α7 nAChRs, whereas they were less effective on heteromeric α3β4 and α4β2 nAChRs (up to 20-fold higher IC50 values in the case of 13). Antagonism was concentration dependent and noncompetitive, suggesting that these compounds behave as negative allosteric modulators of nAChRs. Upon the study of a series of less complex derivatives, the N-benzylpiperidine motif, common to these compounds, was found to be the main pharmacophoric group. Thus, 2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-ethylamine (48) showed an inhibitory potency comparable to the one of the previous compounds and also a clear preference for α7 nAChRs. In a neuroblastoma cell line, representative compounds 13 and 48 also inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, cytosolic Ca(2+) signals mediated by nAChRs. Finally, compounds 38 and 13 inhibited 5-HT3A serotonin receptors whereas they had no effect on α1 glycine receptors. Given the multifactorial nature of many pathologies in which nAChRs are involved, these piperidine antagonists could have a therapeutic potential in cases where cholinergic activity has to be negatively modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Criado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550-Alicante, Spain
| | - José Mulet
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550-Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550-Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550-Alicante, Spain
| | - Inés Colmena
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar M. Bautista-Aguilera
- Instituto de Quimica Orgánica General, Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Instituto de Quimica Orgánica General, Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Instituto de Quimica Orgánica General, Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Instituto de Quimica Orgánica General, Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
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Koca M, Yerdelen KO, Anil B, Kasap Z, Sevindik H, Ozyurek I, Gunesacar G, Turkaydin K. Design, synthesis and biological activity of 1H-indene-2-carboxamides as multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:13-23. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1186019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Handan Sevindik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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32
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Łażewska D, Jończyk J, Bajda M, Szałaj N, Więckowska A, Panek D, Moore C, Kuder K, Malawska B, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of chlorophenoxy derivatives-Histamine H3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4140-5. [PMID: 27445168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, multitarget-directed ligands have become an interesting strategy in a search for a new treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Combination of both: a histamine H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist and a cholinesterases inhibitor in one molecule could provide a new therapeutic opportunity. Here, we present biological evaluation of histamine H3 receptor ligands-chlorophenoxyalkylamine derivatives against cholinesterases: acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. The target compounds showed cholinesterase inhibitory activity in a low micromolar range. The most potent in this group was 1-(7-(4-chlorophenoxy)heptyl)homopiperidine (18) inhibiting the both enzymes (EeAChE IC50=1.93μM and EqBuChE IC50=1.64μM). Molecular modeling studies were performed to explain the binding mode of 18 with histamine H3 receptor as well as with cholinesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Jończyk
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Szałaj
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Caitlin Moore
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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33
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Vila N, Besada P, Viña D, Sturlese M, Moro S, Terán C. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives as novel cholinesterase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of donepezil analogues based on phthalazin-1(2H)-one scaffold was studied as hChEIs. The biological results revealed that the structural modifications proposed significantly affected ChE inhibitory potency as well as selectivity AChE/BuChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Vila
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
- Instituto de Investigación biomédica (IBI)
| | - Pedro Besada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
- Instituto de Investigación biomédica (IBI)
| | - Dolores Viña
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS)
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- Padova
- Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS)
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- Padova
- Italy
| | - Carmen Terán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
- Instituto de Investigación biomédica (IBI)
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34
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Yerdelen KO, Koca M, Anil B, Sevindik H, Kasap Z, Halici Z, Turkaydin K, Gunesacar G. Synthesis of donepezil-based multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5576-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Bagci E, Aydin E, Mihasan M, Maniu C, Hritcu L. Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects ofFerulago angulataessential oil in the scopolamine rat model of Alzheimer's disease. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Bagci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Firat University; 23119 Elazig Turkey
| | - Emel Aydin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Firat University; 23119 Elazig Turkey
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University; Bd. Carol I, No.11 Iasi 700506 Romania
| | - Calin Maniu
- Department of Biology; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University; Bd. Carol I, No.11 Iasi 700506 Romania
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University; Bd. Carol I, No.11 Iasi 700506 Romania
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline, i.e., dementia. The disease starts with mild symptoms and gradually becomes severe. AD is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Several different hallmarks of the disease have been reported such as deposits of β-amyloid around neurons, hyperphosphorylated tau protein, oxidative stress, dyshomeostasis of bio-metals, low levels of acetylcholine, etc. AD is not simple to diagnose since there is no single diagnostic test for it. Pharmacotherapy for AD currently provides only symptomatic relief and mostly targets cognitive revival. Computational biology approaches have proved to be reliable tools for the selection of novel targets and therapeutic ligands. Molecular docking is a key tool in computer-assisted drug design and development. Docking has been utilized to perform virtual screening on large libraries of compounds, and propose structural hypotheses of how the ligands bind with the target with lead optimization. Another potential application of docking is optimization stages of the drug-discovery cycle. This review summarizes the known drug targets of AD, in vivo active agents against AD, state-of-the-art docking studies done in AD, and future prospects of the docking with particular emphasis on AD.
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Fang J, Li Y, Liu R, Pang X, Li C, Yang R, He Y, Lian W, Liu AL, Du GH. Discovery of multitarget-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease through systematic prediction of chemical-protein interactions. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:149-64. [PMID: 25531792 DOI: 10.1021/ci500574n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine chemical-protein interactions (CPI) is costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In silico prediction of CPI can facilitate the target identification and drug discovery. Although many in silico target prediction tools have been developed, few of them could predict active molecules against multitarget for a single disease. In this investigation, naive Bayesian (NB) and recursive partitioning (RP) algorithms were applied to construct classifiers for predicting the active molecules against 25 key targets toward Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the multitarget-quantitative structure-activity relationships (mt-QSAR) method. Each molecule was initially represented with two kinds of fingerprint descriptors (ECFP6 and MACCS). One hundred classifiers were constructed, and their performance was evaluated and verified with internally 5-fold cross-validation and external test set validation. The range of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for the test sets was from 0.741 to 1.0, with an average of 0.965. In addition, the important fragments for multitarget against AD given by NB classifiers were also analyzed. Finally, the validated models were employed to systematically predict the potential targets for six approved anti-AD drugs and 19 known active compounds related to AD. The prediction results were confirmed by reported bioactivity data and our in vitro experimental validation, resulting in several multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) against AD, including seven acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors ranging from 0.442 to 72.26 μM and four histamine receptor 3 (H3R) antagonists ranging from 0.308 to 58.6 μM. To be exciting, the best MTDL DL0410 was identified as an dual cholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.442 μM (AChE) and 3.57 μM (BuChE) as well as a H3R antagonist with an IC50 of 0.308 μM. This investigation is the first report using mt-QASR approach to predict chemical-protein interaction for a single disease and discovering highly potent MTDLs. This protocol may be useful for in silico multitarget prediction of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, PR China
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38
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Kim BC, Lee SH, Jang M, Won MH, Park JH. ( S)-Allyl Cysteine Derivatives as a New-type Cholinesterase Inhibitor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 200-701 Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
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39
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Bautista-Aguilera OM, Esteban G, Chioua M, Nikolic K, Agbaba D, Moraleda I, Iriepa I, Soriano E, Samadi A, Unzeta M, Marco-Contelles J. Multipotent cholinesterase/monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: design, synthesis, biochemical evaluation, ADMET, molecular modeling, and QSAR analysis of novel donepezil-pyridyl hybrids. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1893-910. [PMID: 25378907 PMCID: PMC4207550 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s69258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of donepezil-pyridyl hybrids (DPHs) as multipotent cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors for the potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is reported. The 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship study was used to define 3D-pharmacophores for inhibition of MAO A/B, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes and to design DPHs as novel multi-target drug candidates with potential impact in the therapy of AD. DPH14 (Electrophorus electricus AChE [EeAChE]: half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] =1.1±0.3 nM; equine butyrylcholinesterase [eqBuChE]: IC50 =600±80 nM) was 318-fold more potent for the inhibition of AChE, and 1.3-fold less potent for the inhibition of BuChE than the reference compound ASS234. DPH14 is a potent human recombinant BuChE (hBuChE) inhibitor, in the same range as DPH12 or DPH16, but 13.1-fold less potent than DPH15 for the inhibition of human recombinant AChE (hAChE). Compared with donepezil, DPH14 is almost equipotent for the inhibition of hAChE, and 8.8-fold more potent for hBuChE. Concerning human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) A inhibition, only DPH9 and 5 proved active, compound DPH9 being the most potent (IC50 [MAO A] =5,700±2,100 nM). For hMAO B, only DPHs 13 and 14 were moderate inhibitors, and compound DPH14 was the most potent (IC50 [MAO B] =3,950±940 nM). Molecular modeling of inhibitor DPH14 within EeAChE showed a binding mode with an extended conformation, interacting simultaneously with both catalytic and peripheral sites of EeAChE thanks to a linker of appropriate length. Absortion, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity analysis showed that structures lacking phenyl-substituent show better druglikeness profiles; in particular, DPHs13–15 showed the most suitable absortion, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties. Novel donepezil-pyridyl hybrid DPH14 is a potent, moderately selective hAChE and selective irreversible hMAO B inhibitor which might be considered as a promising compound for further development for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Bautista-Aguilera
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (Institute of General Organic Chemistry [IQOG], National Research Council [CSIC]), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Esteban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (Institute of General Organic Chemistry [IQOG], National Research Council [CSIC]), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Agbaba
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ignacio Moraleda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra Barcelona, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra Barcelona, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena Soriano
- Synthesis, and Structure of Organic Compounds (SEPCO) (IQOG, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (Institute of General Organic Chemistry [IQOG], National Research Council [CSIC]), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (Institute of General Organic Chemistry [IQOG], National Research Council [CSIC]), Madrid, Spain
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Yerdelen KO, Tosun E. Synthesis, docking and biological evaluation of oxamide and fumaramide analogs as potential AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Pharmacophore mapping-based virtual screening followed by molecular docking studies in search of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Biosystems 2014; 116:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Thiratmatrakul S, Yenjai C, Waiwut P, Vajragupta O, Reubroycharoen P, Tohda M, Boonyarat C. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study of novel tacrine-carbazole hybrids as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:21-30. [PMID: 24508831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
New tacrine-carbazole hybrids were developed as potential multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents for their cholinesterase inhibitory and radical scavenging activities. The developed compounds showed high inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values ranging from 0.48 to 1.03 μM and exhibited good inhibition selectivity against AChE over butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Molecular modeling studies revealed that these tacrine-carbazole hybrids interacted simultaneously with the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. The derivatives containing methoxy group showed potent ABTS radical scavenging activity. Considering their neuroprotection, our results indicate that these derivatives can reduce neuronal death induced by oxidative stress and β-amyloid (Aβ). Moreover, S1, the highest potency for both radical scavenging and AChE inhibitory activity, exhibited an ability to improve both short-term and long-term memory deficit in mice induced by scopolamine. Overall, tacrine-carbazole derivatives can be considered as a candidate with potential impact for further pharmacological development in Alzheimer's therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prasert Reubroycharoen
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Michihisa Tohda
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 9300194, Japan; Wakan-yaku Theory-based Integrated Pharmacology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama,Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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43
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Sarkar S, Das DK, Khan AT. Synthesis of fully-substituted pyridines and dihydropyridines in a highly chemoselective manner utilizing a multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of pyridines and 1,4-dihydropyridines based on chemoselective multicomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Deb K. Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Abu T. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
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44
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Luo Z, Sheng J, Sun Y, Lu C, Yan J, Liu A, Luo HB, Huang L, Li X. Synthesis and evaluation of multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease based on the fusion of donepezil and ebselen. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9089-99. [PMID: 24160297 DOI: 10.1021/jm401047q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of compounds obtained by fusing the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the antioxidant ebselen were designed as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease. An in vitro assay showed that some of these molecules did not exhibit highly potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity but did have various other ebselen-related pharmacological effects. Among the molecules, compound 7d, one of the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (IC50 values of 0.042 μM for Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase and 0.097 μM for human acetylcholinesterase), was found to be a strong butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor (IC50 = 1.586 μM), to possess rapid H2O2 and peroxynitrite scavenging activity and glutathione peroxidase-like activity (ν0 = 123.5 μM min(-1)), and to be a substrate of mammalian TrxR. A toxicity test in mice showed no acute toxicity at doses of up to 2000 mg/kg. According to an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, 7d is able to penetrate the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghua Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
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Samadi A, de la Fuente Revenga M, Pérez C, Iriepa I, Moraleda I, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Marco-Contelles J. Synthesis, pharmacological assessment, and molecular modeling of 6-chloro-pyridonepezils: new dual AChE inhibitors as potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:64-74. [PMID: 23838422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
6-Chloro-pyridonepezils are chloropyridine-donepezil hybrids designed by combining the N-benzylpiperidine moiety present in donepezil with the 2-chloropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile heterocyclic ring system, both connected by an appropriate polymethylene linker. 6-Chloro-pyridonepezils1-8 were prepared by reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-phenylpyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (13) [or 2,6-dichloropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (14)] with suitable 2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)alkylamines (9-12). The biological evaluation showed that these new compounds are cholinesterase inhibitors, in the submicromolar range, one of them (6) being a potent hBuChE inhibitor (IC50 = 0.47 ± 0.08 μM). 6-Chloro-pyridonepezils4, 7 and 8 are potent hAChE inhibitors showing IC50 in the 0.013-0.054 μM range. Particularly, 6-chloro-pyridonepezil8 is 625-fold more selective for hAChE than for hBuChE and compared to donepezil is equipotent for the inhibition of hAChE. Molecular modeling investigation on 6-chloro-pyridonepezils4, 6-8 supports its dual AChE inhibitory profile, by binding simultaneously at the catalytic active and at peripheral anionic sites of the enzyme. The in vitro Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and theoretical ADME analysis of 6-chloro-pyridonepezils1-8 have been carried out. Overall, compound 8, is a permeable potent and selective dual AChEI that can be considered as a good candidate with potential impact for further pharmacological development in Alzheimer's therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouahid Samadi
- Laboratorio de Química Médica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Xing W, Fu Y, Shi Z, Lu D, Zhang H, Hu Y. Discovery of novel 2,6-disubstituted pyridazinone derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:95-103. [PMID: 23466605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
2,6-Disubstituted pyridazinone 4 was identified by HTS as a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Under SAR development, compound 17e stood out as displaying high AChE inhibitory activity and AChE/butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) selectivity in vitro. Docking studies revealed that 17e might interact with the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) simultaneously. Based on this novel binding information, 6-ortho-tolylamino and N-ethyl-N-isopropylacetamide substituted piperidine were disclosed as new PAS and CAS binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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