1
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Ho TH, Mai BK, To TA, Nguyen TV. A 1,2-Aryl Migration Reaction in Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives: Mechanistic Studies. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39365979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives holds critical importance in various fields ranging from pharmaceuticals to material science. In this study, we introduce a practical light-mediated method for the efficient synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives. This approach enabled the sequential two-step, one-pot synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-2,2-diaryl-substituted quinoxalines from quinones, alkynes, and diamines. By adjusting the stoichiometric ratios and reaction conditions, the method was shifted to yield 2,3-diaryl-substituted quinoxalines exclusively, demonstrating remarkable versatility and efficiency. This switch in reaction outcomes was revealed to involve an oxidative 1,2-aryl migration through a combination of thorough experimental and computational mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hoang Ho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Ghosh S, Das D, Mandal RD, Das AR. Pragmatic Access to Hybrid Quinoxaline Scaffold Mediated by Elemental Sulfur Enabling Actualization to π-Extended and Aza-Annulated Heterocyclic Units. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39333838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free approach for synthesizing hybrid quinoxaline derivatives from sulfoxonium ylide and a 1,5-bis-nucleophilic N-heterocycle mediated by elemental sulfur is presented to illuminate the [5+1] cascade cyclization sequence. Large-scale synthesis and postsynthetic functionalizations for the annulative π-extension and intramolecular aza-annulation reactions reveal the potential utility and actualize the fabricated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dwaipayan Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rahul Dev Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Asish R Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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3
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Huang Z, Li J, Nan H, Yang W, Zheng J. Iodine-Catalyzed [5 + 1] Carbonylation of 2-Alkenyl/Pyrrolylanilines with CS 2 as the Carbonylating Reagent. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10434-10439. [PMID: 39041857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Novel metal-free iodine (I2)-catalyzed [5 + 1] carbonylation of 2-alkenyl/pyrrolylanilines with carbon disulfide (CS2) as the carbonylating reagent has been developed. This innovative method allows for the synthesis of valuable derivatives such as 4-aryl-2-quinolinones and pyrrolyl-fused quinoxalinones. Notably, this work represents the first instance where CS2 has been utilized as a carbonylating reagent source. The protocol demonstrates the utilization of various substrates, leading to diverse reactions that afford excellent yields under mild conditions. The method also shows good compatibility with functional groups present in the substrates, further enhancing its synthetic utility. Importantly, the developed reaction exhibits scalability, enabling gram-scale synthesis, and shows promise for the synthesis of druglike molecules. In this catalytic system, CS2 serves as the carbonyl source, while dimethyl sulfoxide plays multiple roles, including acting as an oxidant and a solvent. Mechanistic studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying processes, with the formation of quinolone-2-thiones identified as crucial intermediates, facilitating the carbonylation annulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Haocheng Nan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Weiran Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
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4
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Li H, Cheng W, Wang C. Annulation of 2-Aroyl D-A Cyclopropanes via Selectively Ring-Opening Process with o-Benzenediamines to Access Quinoxaline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10333-10337. [PMID: 38953243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
An annulation reaction of 2-aroyl D-A cyclopropanes with o-benzenediamines via selective cleavage of C-C bonds of cyclopropane in the presence of DBU/Sc(OTf)3 reaction systems was developed for the direct preparation of 2-aryl-3-benzylquinoxalines. This synthetic approach tolerated a wide range of readily available aroyl-substituted D-A cyclopropanes with diverse functional groups and had operationally simple and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University,180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
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5
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Farghaly TA, Alqurashi RM, Masaret GS, Abdulwahab HG. Recent Methods for the Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives and their Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:920-982. [PMID: 37885112 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264375231012115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives have been incorporated into numerous marketed drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. Examples include glecaprevir (Mavyret), voxilaprevir (Vosevi), Balversa (L01EX16) (erdafitinib), carbadox, XK469R (NSC698215), and becampanel (AMP397). These quinoxaline derivatives exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer, antiproliferative, antitumor, kinase inhibition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. Recognizing the significance of these bioactive quinoxaline derivatives, researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing various synthetic methods for their production. This review aimed to compile the most recent findings on the synthesis and biological properties of quinoxaline derivatives from 2015 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M Alqurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Silva de Jesus Passaes AC, Arantes Dantas J, Landim Lopes F, Pereira Sangi D, Girão Albuquerque M, Vataru Nakamura C, Yoneda J. Quinoxalines against Leishmania amazonensis: SAR study, proposition of a new derivative, QSAR prediction, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18136. [PMID: 37875605 PMCID: PMC10598266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis, lead to serious limitations to the affected societies. In this work, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was developed with a series of quinoxaline derivatives, active against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. As a result, a new quinoxaline derivative was designed and synthesized. In addition, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was obtained [pIC50 = - 1.51 - 0.96 (EHOMO) + 0.02 (PSA); N = 17, R2 = 0.980, R2Adj = 0.977, s = 0.103, and LOO-cv-R2 (Q2) = 0.971]. The activity of the new synthesized compound was estimated (pIC50 = 5.88) and compared with the experimental result (pIC50 = 5.70), which allowed to evaluate the good predictive capacity of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Arantes Dantas
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciência Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, 27213-145, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Landim Lopes
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciência Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, 27213-145, Brazil
| | - Diego Pereira Sangi
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciência Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, 27213-145, Brazil
| | - Magaly Girão Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Julliane Yoneda
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciência Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, 27213-145, Brazil.
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Sheikh A, Nadeem H, Khan MT, Saeed A, Murtaza B. Antibacterial Potential of Novel Acetamide Derivatives of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole: Synthesis and Docking Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9785-9796. [PMID: 36969428 PMCID: PMC10035015 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole and its derivatives are widely known for their diverse biological activities, particularly antimicrobial and anticancer potential. In the present study, a series of new hybrid compounds consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and different aryl amines 2(a-j) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activities through agar well diffusion assay. Among the series, 2b, 2c, and 2i exhibited significant antibacterial activity comparable to the standard drug levofloxacin. Based on their antibacterial potential, these compounds were further tested for their antibiofilm activity. All of the three compounds showed promising antibiofilm potential, even better than the standard drug cefadroxil at 100 μg/100 μL concentration. Molecular docking studies were performed to explore the antibacterial mechanism of these compounds. Strikingly, the molecule 2i shared the same hydrophobic pockets as those of levofloxacin in case of bacterial kinases and DNA gyrases. In addition, 2i exhibited satisfactory antibiofilm activity in comparison to the standard. Our study therefore suggested that the synthetic compound 2i possesses remarkable antibacterial activity and may serve as a lead molecule for the discovery of potent antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed
Sadiq Sheikh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science
and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Adil Saeed
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Babar Murtaza
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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8
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Recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed reactions of chloroquinoxalines: Applications in bioorganic chemistry. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Nguyen TB, Mac DH, Tran TMC, Nguyen BN, Cao HT. Base-catalyzed multicomponent access to quinoxalin-2-thiones from o-phenylenediamines, aryl ketones and sulfur. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7226-7231. [PMID: 36053547 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3-Arylquinoxaline-2-thiones were conveniently synthesized via three-component oxidative condensation of acetophenones with o-phenylenediamines and sulfur in DMSO in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst. The products could be readily isolated from the reaction mixture by simple precipitation and washing with methanol. This set of reaction conditions applied to higher homologs of acetophenones as well as benzyl phenyl ketones led to 2,3-di-C-substituted quinoxalines. Further functionalization of 3-phenylquinoxaline-2-thione via reaction on the thione group could be readily performed to provide quinoxaline derivatives in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Faculty of chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Minh Chau Tran
- Faculty of chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- Faculty of chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam. .,Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Thuong Cao
- Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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10
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V. Bala Aakash, Ramalakshmi N, Bhuvaneswari S, Sankari E, Arunkumar S. Comprehensive Review on Versatile Pharmacology of Quinoxaline Derivative. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Yan J, Zheng L, Wang J, Liu X, Hu Y. Indoles Oxidative Ring-Opening/Cyclization Cascade with the 1,2-Diaminoarenes: Direct Synthesis of 2-Aryl-3-(2-aminoaryl)quinoxalines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6347-6351. [PMID: 35420817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mild oxidative sequential tandem reaction was developed to rapidly generate 2-aryl-3-(2-aminoaryl) quinoxalines. This method exploited 2-substituted indoles as substrate to form quinoxalines in a one-pot reaction. The key to this tandem reaction was the formation of 3-iodoindoles, which underwent Kornblum-type oxidation with DMSO to generate active imine 2-substitued 3H-indol-3-ones. The active imines were captured in situ by 1,2-diaminobenzenes to construct diverse quinoxalines. The transformation can be accomplished at room temperature with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Linxia Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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13
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Wang Q, Zhu B, Zhang X, Shi G, Liu J, Xu Q. Direct construction of quinoxaline derivatives from vicinal diols and o‐nitroanilines via NaOH‐mediated intermolecular cascade redox and annulation reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Yangzhou University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 225002 Yangzhou CHINA
| | - Boran Zhu
- Yangzhou University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 225002 Yangzhou CHINA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Yangzhou University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 225002 Yangzhou CHINA
| | - Guojun Shi
- Yangzhou University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 225002 Yangzhou CHINA
| | - Jianping Liu
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering 325035 Wenzhou CHINA
| | - Qing Xu
- Wenzhou University College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Town 325035 Wenzhou CHINA
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14
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Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic analysis, and antiproliferative activity of chalcone derivate (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)prop‑2-en-1-one in Trypanosoma cruzi. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Moaddeli A, Rousta M, Shekouhy M, Khalili D, Khalafi-Nezhad A. Nanostructured Mesoporous Zinc-Incorporated Copper Oxide (NMZI-CuO): An Efficient and Reusable Nanocatalyst for the Oxidant-Free Synthesis of Quinoxalines through a Tandem Oxidation Process. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2006242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moaddeli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rousta
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shekouhy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dariush Khalili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Khalafi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Rational drug design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel N-(2-arylaminophenyl)-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-6-sulfonamides as potential antimalarial, antifungal, and antibacterial agents. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Rezaei Z, Asadi M, Montazer MN, Rezaeiamiri E, Bahadorikhalili S, Amini M, Amanlou M. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline Derivatives as a Tubulin's Colchicine Binding Site Inhibitor Based on Primary Virtual Screening. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2011-2025. [PMID: 34702157 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211026102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tubulin inhibitors have proved to be a promising treatment against cancer. Tubulin inhibitors target different areas in microtubule structure to exert their effects. The colchicine binding site (CBS) is one of them for which there is no FDA-approved drug yet. This makes CBS a desirable target for drug design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary virtual screening is done by developing a possible pharmacophore model of colchicine binding site inhibitors of tubulins, and 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline is chosen as a lead compound to synthesis. In this study, 28 derivatives of 2,3-diphenylquinoxalines are synthesized, and their cytotoxicity is evaluated by the MTT assay in different human cancer cell lines, including AGS (Adenocarcinoma gastric cell line), HT-29 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), NIH3T3 (Fibroblast cell line), and MCF-7 (Human breast cancer cell). RESULTS Furthermore, the activity of the studied compounds was investigated using computational methods involving molecular docking of the 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline derivatives to β-tubulin. The results showed that the compounds with electron donor functionalities in positions 2 and 3 and electron-withdrawing groups in position 6 are the most active tubulin inhibitors. CONCLUSION Apart from the high activity of the synthesized compounds, the advantage of this report is the ease of the synthesis, work-up, and isolation of the products in safe, effective, and high-quality isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mohammad Nazari Montazer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Elnaz Rezaeiamiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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Soto-Sánchez J, Ospina-Villa JD. Current status of quinoxaline and quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides derivatives as potential antiparasitic agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:683-699. [PMID: 34289242 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a public health problem, especially in developing countries where millions of people are affected every year. Current treatments have several drawbacks: emerging resistance to the existing drugs, lack of efficacy, and toxic side effects. Therefore, new antiparasitic drugs are urgently needed to treat and control diseases that affect human health, such as malaria, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, amebiasis, giardiasis schistosomiasis, and filariasis, among others. Quinoxaline is a compound containing a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring. The oxidation of both pyrazine ring nitrogens allows the obtention of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) derivatives. By modifying the chemical structure of these compounds, it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biological properties. This review investigated the activity of quinoxaline derivatives and QdNOs against different protozoan parasites and helminths. We also cover the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and summarize the main findings related to their mechanisms of action from published works in recent years. However, further studies are needed to determine specific molecular targets. This review aims to highlight the new development of antiparasitic drugs with better pharmacological profiles than current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Soto-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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19
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Zallocchi M, Hati S, Xu Z, Hausman W, Liu H, He DZ, Zuo J. Characterization of quinoxaline derivatives for protection against iatrogenically induced hearing loss. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141561. [PMID: 33476306 PMCID: PMC8021103 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cell loss is the leading cause of hearing and balance disorders in humans. It can be caused by many factors, including noise, aging, and therapeutic agents. Previous studies have shown the therapeutic potential of quinoxaline against drug-induced ototoxicity. Here, we screened a library of 68 quinoxaline derivatives for protection against aminoglycoside-induced damage of hair cells from the zebrafish lateral line. We identified quinoxaline-5-carboxylic acid (Qx28) as the best quinoxaline derivative that provides robust protection against both aminoglycosides and cisplatin in zebrafish and mouse cochlear explants. FM1-43 and aminoglycoside uptake, as well as antibiotic efficacy studies, revealed that Qx28 is neither blocking the mechanotransduction channels nor interfering with aminoglycoside antibacterial activity, suggesting that it may be protecting the hair cells by directly counteracting the ototoxin’s mechanism of action. Only when animals were incubated with higher doses of Qx28 did we observe a partial blockage of the mechanotransduction channels. Finally, we assessed the regulation of the NF-κB pathway in vitro in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in vivo in zebrafish larvae. Those studies showed that Qx28 protects hair cells by blocking NF-κB canonical pathway activation. Thus, Qx28 is a promising and versatile otoprotectant that can act across different species and toxins.
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Moreno-Herrera A, Cortez-Maya S, Bocanegra-Garcia V, Banik BK, Rivera G. Recent Advances in the Development of Broad-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:583-606. [PMID: 32124688 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200303170000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis, are part of a large list of human parasitic diseases. Together, they cause more than 500 million infections per year. These protozoa parasites affect both low- and high-income countries and their pharmacological treatments are limited. Therefore, new and more effective drugs in preclinical development could improve overall therapy for parasitic infections even when their mechanisms of action are unknown. In this review, a number of heterocyclic compounds (diamidine, guanidine, quinoline, benzimidazole, thiazole, diazanaphthalene, and their derivatives) reported as antiprotozoal agents are discussed as options for developing new pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Moreno-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Sandra Cortez-Maya
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cd. Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
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Rivera G. Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-Oxide Derivatives: Are They Unselective or Selective Inhibitors? Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:15-25. [PMID: 33573542 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210126142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, the quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide ring has been considered a privileged structure to develop new antibacterial, antitumoural, and antiprotozoal agents, among others, however its mechanism of action is not clear. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this mini-review was to analyze the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives reported as antibacterial, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents. RESULTS Initially, the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives against bacteria, tumoural cell lines, and parasites has been described as nonspecific, but recently, the results against different organisms have shown that these compounds have an inhibitory action on specific targets such as trypanothione reductase, triosephosphate isomerase, and other essential enzymes. CONCLUSION In summary, quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide is a scaffold to develop new anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents, however, understanding the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives in each microorganism could contribute to the development of new, and more potent selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
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22
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Babu LT, Paira P. 9-Arylacenaphtho[1,2- b]quinoxalines via Suzuki coupling reaction as cancer therapeutic and cellular imaging agents. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of 9-arylacenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline analogues have been synthesized via a Suzuki coupling reaction in a one pot sequence. These are capable of imaging, as well as terminating, cancer cells in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Thilak Babu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
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de Paula JC, Bakoshi ABK, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Ud Din Z, Rodrigues-Filho E, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV. Antiproliferative activity of the dibenzylideneacetone derivate (E)-3-ethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)but‑3-en-2-one in Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105653. [PMID: 32777226 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most prevalent neglected diseases in the world. The illness is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle and three morphologically distinct developmental stages. Nowadays, the only treatment is based on two nitro-derivative drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, which cause serious side effects. Since the treatment is limited, the search for new treatment options for patients with Chagas disease is highly necessary. In this study we analyzed the substance A11K3, a dibenzylideneacetone (DBA). DBAs have an acyclic dienone attached to aryl groups in both β-positions and studies have shown that they have biological activity against tumors cells, bacteria, and protozoa such as T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. Here we show that A11K3 is active against all three T. cruzi evolutionary forms: the epimastigote (IC50 = 3.3 ± 0.8), the trypomastigote (EC50 = 24 ± 4.3) and the intracellular amastigote (IC50 = 9.3 ± 0.5 µM). A cytotoxicity assay in LLCMK2 cells showed a CC50 of 239.2 ± 15.7 µM giving a selectivity index (CC50/IC50) of 72.7 for epimastigotes, 9.9 for trypomastigotes and 25.9 for intracellular amastigotes. Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of the parasites treated with A11K3 by TEM and SEM revealed alterations in the Golgi complex, mitochondria, plasma membrane and cell body, with an increase of autophagic vacuoles and lipid bodies. Biochemical assays of A11K3-treated T. cruzi showed an increase of ROS, plasma membrane ruptures, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization with a decrease in ATP and accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. The results lead to the hypothesis that A11K3 causes death of the protozoan through events such as plasma membrane and mitochondrial alterations and autophagy, characteristic of cell collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Carreira de Paula
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bloco B-08, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Beatriz Kawano Bakoshi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bloco B-08, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bloco B-08, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Zia Ud Din
- LaBioMMi, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, São Carlos, SP 13.565-905, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues-Filho
- LaBioMMi, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CP 676, São Carlos, SP 13.565-905, Brazil
| | - Tania Ueda-Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bloco B-08, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR CEP 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bloco B-08, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
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Deivasigamani G, Adukamparai Rajukrishnan SB. A facile atom – economical synthesis of highly substituted pyrazolo-N-methyl-piperidine grafted spiro-indenoquinoxaline pyrrolidine heterocycles via a sequential multicomponent reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1812081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hrichi H, Elkanzi NAA, Bakr RB. Novel Β-lactams and Thiazolidinone Derivatives from 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline Schiff’s Base: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2020. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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Jakubec M, Hansen-Troøyen S, Císařová I, Sýkora J, Storch J. Photochemical Oxidation Specific to Distorted Aromatic Amines Providing ortho-Diketones. Org Lett 2020; 22:3905-3910. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakubec
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i. Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Susanne Hansen-Troøyen
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i. Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i. Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i. Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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MALEK B, BAHAMMOU İ, ZIMOU O, EL HALLAOUI A, GHAILANE R, BOUKHRİS S, SOUIZI A. Eco-friendly Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Mineral Fertilizers as Heterogeneous Catalysts. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.577101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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28
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de Oliveira JK, Ueda-Nakamura T, Corrêa AG, Petrilli R, Lopez RFV, Nakamura CV, Auzely-Velty R. Liposome-based nanocarrier loaded with a new quinoxaline derivative for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110720. [PMID: 32204033 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers for drug delivery is a strategy aimed to improve therapeutic indices through changes in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Liposomes are well-investigated nanocarriers for drug delivery to macrophage-targeted therapy, the main hosts of intracellular pathogens of some infectious diseases, such as leishmaniasis. In this study, we developed hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated liposomes by different methods that can encapsulate a new quinoxaline derivative, the LSPN331, to increase its solubility and improve its bioavailability. The surface modification of liposomes and their physicochemical characteristics may depend on the coating method, which may be a critical parameter with regard to the route of administration of the antileishmanial drug. Liposomes with identical phospholipid composition containing the same drug were developed, and different biological responses were verified, and our hypothesis is that it is related to the type of modification of the surface. Different physicochemical characterization techniques (dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis quantification of labeled-HA) were used to confirm the successful modification of liposomes as well as their stability upon storage. The encapsulation of LSPN331 was performed using HPLC method, and the entrapment efficiency (EE%) was satisfatory in all formulations, considering results of similar formulations in the literature. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis. The in vitro activity was maintained or even improved and HA-coated liposomes showed the ability to target to the site of action by the proposed routes of administration, topically and intravenously. Both formulations are promising for future tests of antileishmania activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Petrilli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Auzely-Velty
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Cermav, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Substituted Quinoxalines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224198. [PMID: 31752396 PMCID: PMC6891733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of new symmetrically and asymmetrically 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines were synthesized through functionalization of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (2,3-DCQ) with a variety of sulfur and/or nitrogen nucleophiles. The structures of the obtained compounds were established based on their spectral data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity for the prepared compounds was investigated against four bacterial species and two fungal strains. The symmetrically disubstituted quinoxalines 2, 3, 4, and 5 displayed the most significant antibacterial activity, while compounds 6a, 6b, and the pentacyclic compound 10 showed considerable antifungal activity. Furthermore, compounds 3f, 6b showed broad antimicrobial spectrum against most of the tested strains.
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30
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Arya KR, Sparkes HA, Pandiyan BV, Rajendra Prasad KJ. A Regioselective Synthesis of Carbazole‐Appended Dispiropyrrolothiazoles/Pyrrolidines: Synthesis, Computational Studies and In Vitro Anticancer Activity. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS United Kingdom
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31
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Motakatla VKR, Gokanapalli A, Peddiahgari VGR. Cu–N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalysed synthesis of 2‐aryl‐3‐(arylethynyl)quinoxalines from one‐pot tandem coupling of
o
‐phenylenediamines and terminal alkynes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anusha Gokanapalli
- Department of ChemistryYogi Vemana University Kadapa 516005 Andhra Pradesh India
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32
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Insights into the current status of privileged N-heterocycles as antileishmanial agents. Mol Divers 2019; 24:525-569. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Quinoxaline protects zebrafish lateral line hair cells from cisplatin and aminoglycosides damage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15119. [PMID: 30310154 PMCID: PMC6181994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) death is the leading cause of hearing and balance disorders in humans. It can be triggered by multiple insults, including noise, aging, and treatment with certain therapeutic drugs. As society becomes more technologically advanced, the source of noise pollution and the use of drugs with ototoxic side effects are rapidly increasing, posing a threat to our hearing health. Although the underlying mechanism by which ototoxins affect auditory function varies, they share common intracellular byproducts, particularly generation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we described the therapeutic effect of the heterocyclic compound quinoxaline (Qx) against ototoxic insults in zebrafish HCs. Animals incubated with Qx were protected against the deleterious effects of cisplatin and gentamicin, and partially against neomycin. In the presence of Qx, there was a reduction in the number of TUNEL-positive HCs. Since Qx did not block the mechanotransduction channels, based on FM1-43 uptake and microphonic potentials, this implies that Qx’s otoprotective effect is at the intracellular level. Together, these results unravel a novel therapeutic role for Qx as an otoprotective drug against the deleterious side effects of cisplatin and aminoglycosides, offering an alternative option for patients treated with these compounds.
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34
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Cogo J, Cantizani J, Cotillo I, Sangi DP, Corrêa AG, Ueda-Nakamura T, Filho BPD, Martín JJ, Nakamura CV. Quinoxaline derivatives as potential antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4065-4072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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New camphor hybrids: lipophilic enhancement improves antimicrobial efficacy against drug-resistant pathogenic microbes and intestinal worms. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Keri RS, Pandule SS, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Quinoxaline and quinoxaline-1,4-di-N
-oxides: An emerging class of antimycobacterials. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700325. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | | | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | - Bhari M. Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
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Karimian A. Synthesis of New Pyrimido[5′,4′:5,6][1,4]thiazino[2,3-b]quinoxaline Derivatives in One Step. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Karimian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Gonabad; Gonabad Iran
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38
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An Z, Jiang Y, Guan X, Yan R. Copper-catalyzed tandem aerobic oxidative cyclization for the synthesis of 4-cyanoalkylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrroles and cyclobutanone oxime esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10738-10741. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06256k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed tandem ring-opening/cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 4-cyanoalkylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrroles and cyclobutanone oxime esters has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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39
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Quinoxaline: An insight into the recent pharmacological advances. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:542-557. [PMID: 29207337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline, a fused heterocycle of benzene and pyrazine rings has gained considerable attention in the field of contemporary medicinal chemistry. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities viz. anti-cancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-HIV etc. Diversely substituted quinoxalines are important therapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical industry. This review focusses on the quinoxaline derivatives developed during the last decennial period and their biomedical applications. A compilation of patents on quinoxaline is also included herein.
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Ghosh A, Sengupta A, Seerapu GPK, Nakhi A, Shivaji Ramarao EVV, Bung N, Bulusu G, Pal M, Haldar D. A novel SIRT1 inhibitor, 4bb induces apoptosis in HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells partially by activating p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:562-569. [PMID: 28526414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 has emerged as an important target for epigenetic therapeutics of colon cancer as its increased expression is associated with cancer progression. Additionally, SIRT1 represses p53 function via deacetylation, promoting tumor growth. Therefore, inhibition of SIRT1 is of great therapeutic interest for the treatment of colon cancer. Here, we report discovery of a novel quinoxaline based small molecule inhibitor of human SIRT1, 4bb, investigated its effect on viability of colon cancer cells and molecular mechanism of action. In vitro, 4bb is a significantly more potent SIRT1 inhibitor, compared to β-naphthols such as sirtinol, cambinol. Increasing concentration of 4bb decrease viability of colon cancer cells but, does not affect the viability of normal dermal fibroblasts depicting cancer cell specificity. Further, 4bb treatment increased p53 acetylation, Bax expression and induced caspase 3 cleavage suggesting that the death of HCT116 colon cancer cells occur through intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Overall, our results presents 4bb as a new class of human SIRT1 inhibitor and suggest that inhibition of SIRT1 by 4bb induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells at least in part via activating p53 by preventing p53 deacetylation, increasing Bax expression and inducing caspases. Therefore, this molecule provide an opportunity for lead optimization and may help in development of novel, non-toxic epigenetic therapeutics for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananga Ghosh
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Amrita Sengupta
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India; Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | | | - Ali Nakhi
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | | | - Navneet Bung
- TCS Innovation Labs (Life Science Division), TCS Limited, Hyderabad 500081, India
| | | | - Manojit Pal
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Devyani Haldar
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India.
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Sahoo H, Mukherjee S, Grandhi GS, Selvakumar J, Baidya M. Copper Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Boronic Acids at Room Temperature through Chelation Assistance. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2764-2771. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harekrishna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowri Sankar Grandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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42
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Sunke R, Nallapati SB, Kumar JS, Shiva Kumar K, Pal M. Use of AlCl3 in Friedel Crafts arylation type reactions and beyond: an overview on the development of unique methodologies leading to N-heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4042-4057. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An overview on the development of unique methodologies that highlight the use of AlCl3 in reactions leading to new N-heteroarenes of biological significance is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnikanth Sunke
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - Suresh Babu Nallapati
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - Jetta Sandeep Kumar
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
| | - K. Shiva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
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Hricovíni M, Dvoranová D, Barbieriková Z, Jantová S, Bella M, Šoral M, Brezová V. 6-Nitroquinolones in dimethylsulfoxide: Spectroscopic characterization and photoactivation of molecular oxygen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tejería A, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Reguera RM, Balaña-Fouce R, Alonso C, Fuertes M, González M, Rubiales G, Palacios F. Antileishmanial effect of new indeno-1,5-naphthyridines, selective inhibitors of Leishmania infantum type IB DNA topoisomerase. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:740-749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xie C, Feng L, Li W, Ma X, Ma X, Liu Y, Ma C. Efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines catalyzed by a Brønsted acid through cleavage of C-C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8529-35. [PMID: 27541576 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient one-pot domino reaction for the direct synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines has been developed. This approach utilizes an imine formation reaction, SEAr reaction and cleavage of C-C bonds catalyzed by a Brønsted acid. β-Diketones and β-keto esters are both well tolerated to give the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P R China
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46
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In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of 2,3-Diarylsubstituted Quinoxaline Derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3433-44. [PMID: 27001812 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02582-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is endemic in 98 countries and territories worldwide. The therapies available for leishmaniasis have serious side effects, thus prompting the search for new therapies. The present study investigated the antileishmanial activities of 2,3-diarylsubstituted quinoxaline derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis The antiproliferative activities of 6,7-dichloro-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline (LSPN329) and 2,3-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-quinoxaline (LSPN331) against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were assessed, and the cytotoxicities of LSPN329 and LSPN331 were determined. Morphological and ultrastructural alterations were examined by electron microscopy, and biochemical alterations, reflected by the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial superoxide anion (O2·(-)) concentration, the intracellular ATP concentration, cell volume, the level of phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell membrane, cell membrane integrity, and lipid inclusions, were evaluated. In vivo antileishmanial activity was evaluated in a murine cutaneous leishmaniasis model. Compounds LSPN329 and LSPN331 showed significant selectivity for promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and low cytotoxicity. In promastigotes, ultrastructural alterations were observed, including an increase in lipid inclusions, concentric membranes, and intense mitochondrial swelling, which were associated with hyperpolarization of ΔΨm, an increase in the O2·(-) concentration, decreased intracellular ATP levels, and a decrease in cell volume. Phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation were not observed. The cellular membrane remained intact after treatment. Thus, the multifactorial response that was responsible for the cellular collapse of promastigotes was based on intense mitochondrial alterations. BALB/c mice treated with LSPN329 or LSPN331 showed a significant decrease in lesion thickness in the infected footpad. Therefore, the antileishmanial activity and mitochondrial mechanism of action of LSPN329 and LSPN331 and the decrease in lesion thickness in vivo brought about by LSPN329 and LSPN331 make them potential candidates for new drug development for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Bermudez J, Davies C, Simonazzi A, Pablo Real J, Palma S. Current drug therapy and pharmaceutical challenges for Chagas disease. Acta Trop 2016; 156:1-16. [PMID: 26747009 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant health problems in the American continent in terms of human health, and socioeconomic impact is Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Infection was originally transmitted by reduviid insects, congenitally from mother to fetus, and by oral ingestion in sylvatic/rural environments, but blood transfusions, organ transplants, laboratory accidents, and sharing of contaminated syringes also contribute to modern day transmission. Likewise, Chagas disease used to be endemic from Northern Mexico to Argentina, but migrations have earned it global. The parasite has a complex life cycle, infecting different species, and invading a variety of cells - including muscle and nerve cells of the heart and gastrointestinal tract - in the mammalian host. Human infection outcome is a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy, and gastrointestinal tract lesions. In absence of a vaccine, vector control and treatment of patients are the only tools to control the disease. Unfortunately, the only drugs now available for Chagas' disease, Nifurtimox and Benznidazole, are relatively toxic for adult patients, and require prolonged administration. Benznidazole is the first choice for Chagas disease treatment due to its lower side effects than Nifurtimox. However, different strategies are being sought to overcome Benznidazole's toxicity including shorter or intermittent administration schedules-either alone or in combination with other drugs. In addition, a long list of compounds has shown trypanocidal activity, ranging from natural products to specially designed molecules, re-purposing drugs commercialized to treat other maladies, and homeopathy. In the present review, we will briefly summarize the upturns of current treatment of Chagas disease, discuss the increment on research and scientific publications about this topic, and give an overview of the state-of-the-art research aiming to produce an alternative medication to treat T. cruzi infection.
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Discovery of indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:258-273. [PMID: 26686931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized certain indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline derivatives for antiproliferative evaluation. Among them, 11-{[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]imino}-N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-6-carboxamide (10a) was active against the growth of MDA-MB231, PC-3, and Huh-7 with IC50 values of 0.87 (selectivity index, SI = 36.22), 0.82 (SI = 38.43), and 0.64 μM (SI = 49.23) respectively. Compound 10a was inactive against the growth of normal human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) with an IC50 value of 31.51 μM. Its analogs, 10b and 10c, were also active against the growth of MB231, PC-3, and Huh-7 with IC50 values of <1.0 μM in each case. Our results have also indicated compounds 10a-10c exhibited comparable inhibitory activities against topo I and topo II with the positive compound 2 at a concentration of 10 μM. Mechanism studies indicated that compound 10a induced cell cycle arrest at S phase via activation of caspase-3, -7 and an increase in the protein expression of Bad and Bax but a decrease in expression of Bcl-2 and PARP, which consequently cause cell death. In addition, compound 10a attenuated the levels of phosphorylated Src, Akt-1, and Akt-2 protein levels but did not affect the total protein expression of Akt. We have also implanted human hepatocellular carcinoma cells into the yolk sac of zebrafish larvae and incubated larvae with various concentrations of 10a. Our results of the zebrafish xenograft assay confirmed the anti-tumor effect of 10ain vivo.
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Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of 2,3-diaryl- and 2,3,8-trisubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:381-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Alves MA, de Queiroz AC, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Varela J, Cerecetto H, González M, Doriguetto AC, Landre IM, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Design, synthesis and in vitro trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of novel semicarbazone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:24-33. [PMID: 26069927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are protozoan parasites that cause various diseases in human, such as leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and sleeping sickness. The highly syntenic genomes of the trypanosomatid species lead the assumption that they can encode similar proteins, indicating the possibility to design new antitrypanosomatid drugs with dual trypanosomicidal and leishmanicidal activities. In this work a series of compounds (6a-h and 7a-h), containing a semicarbazone scaffold as a peptide mimetic framework, was designed and synthesized. From this series compound 7g (LASSBio-1483) highlighted, showing dual in vitro trypanosomicidal and leishmanicidal activities, with potency similar to the standard drugs nifurtimox and pentamidine. This data, taken together with its good in silico druglikeness profile and its great chemical and plasma stability, make LASSBio-1483 (7g) a new antitrypanosomatid lead-candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil(1)(2); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline C de Queiroz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil(1)(2); LaFI - Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil(1)(2); LaFI - Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Javier Varela
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Antonio C Doriguetto
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil(1)(2); Laboratório de Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Iara M Landre
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil(1)(2); Laboratório de Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil(1)(2); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lídia M Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil(1)(2); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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