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Li W, Rang Y, Liu H, Liu C. Update on new trends and progress of natural active ingredients in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease, based on understanding of traditional Chinese and Western relevant theories: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3744-3764. [PMID: 37380605 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurological disorders causing death in the elderly worldwide. As a neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to prevent and cure, the pathogenesis of AD is complex and there is no effective cure. A variety of natural products derived from plants have been reported to have promising anti-AD activities, including flavonoids, terpenes, phenolic acids and alkaloids, which can effectively relieve the symptoms of AD in a variety of ways. This paper mainly reviews the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of natural products against AD. Although the clinical efficacy of these plants still needs to be determined by further high-quality studies, it may also provide a basis for future researchers to study anti-AD in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Ren S, Liu C, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Ruan J, Fang L. Formulation Development and Molecular Mechanism Characterization of Long-Acting Patches of Asenapine for Efficient Delivery by Combining API-ILs Strategy and Controlled-Release Polymers. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1850-1862. [PMID: 36858176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study, which combined API-ILs strategy and controlled-release polymers, was to prepare a 72 h long-acting drug-in-adhesive patch for optimum delivery of asenapine (ASE). Special attention was paid to the permeation promotion mechanism and the controlled release behavior of ASE-ILs in pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA). Formulation factors were investigated by ex vivo transdermal experiments. The optimized patch was evaluated by pharmacokinetics study and skin irritation test. The obtained formulation was as follows, 15% w/w ASE-MA (about 1136 μg/cm2 ASE, 413 μg/cm2 MA), AACONH2 (Amide adhesive) as the matrix, 80 μm thickness, backing film of CoTran™ 9733. The optimized patch displayed satisfactory ex vivo and in vivo performance with Q 72 h of 620 ± 44 µg/cm2 and Fabs of 62.4%, which utilization rate (54.6%) was significantly higher than the control group (38.3%). By using the classical shake flask method, 13C NMR, DSC, and FTIR, the physicochemical properties and structure of ILs were characterized. log Do/w, ATR-FTIR, Raman, and molecular dynamics simulation results confirmed that ASE-MA (MA: 3-Methoxypropionic acid) had appropriate lipophilicity, and affected lipid fluidity as well as the conformation of keratin to improve the skin permeation. The FTIR, MDSC, rheology, and molecular docking results revealed that hydrogen bond (H-bond), were formed between ASE-MA and PSA, and the drug increased the molecular mobility of polymer chains. In summary, the 72 h long-acting patch of ASE was successfully prepared and it supplied a reference for the design of long-acting patches with ASE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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3
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Kumar A, Sudevan ST, Nair AS, Singh AK, Kumar S, Jose J, Behl T, Mangalathillam S, Mathew B, Kim H. Current and Future Nano-Carrier-Based Approaches in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020213. [PMID: 36831756 PMCID: PMC9953820 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a very alarming situation for the globe because 55 million humans are estimated to be affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide, and still it is increasing at the rapid speed of 10 million cases per year worldwide. This is an urgent reminder for better research and treatment due to the unavailability of a permanent medication for neurodegenerative disorders like AD. The lack of drugs for neurodegenerative disorder treatment is due to the complexity of the structure of the brain, mainly due to blood-brain barrier, because blood-brain drug molecules must enter the brain compartment. There are several novel and conventional formulation approaches that can be employed for the transportation of drug molecules to the target site in the brain, such as oral, intravenous, gene delivery, surgically implanted intraventricular catheter, nasal and liposomal hydrogels, and repurposing old drugs. A drug's lipophilicity influences metabolic activity in addition to membrane permeability because lipophilic substances have a higher affinity for metabolic enzymes. As a result, the higher a drug's lipophilicity is, the higher its permeability and metabolic clearance. AD is currently incurable, and the medicines available merely cure the symptoms or slow the illness's progression. In the next 20 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that neurodegenerative illnesses affecting motor function will become the second-leading cause of mortality. The current article provides a brief overview of recent advances in brain drug delivery for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astik Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Sabitha Mangalathillam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); or (B.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); or (B.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); or (B.M.); (H.K.)
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4
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Araujo de
Oliveira AP, Romero Colmenares VC, Diniz R, Freitas JTJ, da Cruz CM, Lages EB, Ferreira LAM, Vieira RP, Beraldo H. Memantine-Derived Schiff Bases as Transdermal Prodrug Candidates. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11678-11687. [PMID: 35449959 PMCID: PMC9017104 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Condensation reactions of salicylaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and pyridoxaldehyde with memantine (Me) produced novel memantine-derived Schiff bases (1-3). Speciation predictions and calculations of Log P, Log D, and of the percentage (%) of neutral species for (1-3) were carried out. In comparison with Me, the Schiff bases presented increased log P and log D in all cases and pH values, suggesting higher hydrophobicity. The determined solubilities in n-octanol were 34.7 mg/mL for memantine hydrochloride and 67.3 mg/mL for (3). According to the molecular weights and calculated logP, compounds (1-3) are suitable for transdermal administration, especially compound (3). In addition, hydrolysis of 3 with the release of pyridoxal, a daily cofactor in human metabolism, was observed. The results suggested that 3 is the most promising compound and that formation of the pyridoxal Schiff base with Me might be an effective strategy to obtain a prodrug candidate with increased lipophilicity, which would be able to passively cross biological barriers during transdermal delivery and might have applications in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Araujo de
Oliveira
- Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Victoria C. Romero Colmenares
- Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Diniz
- Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Jennifer T. J. Freitas
- Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Clara M. da Cruz
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B. Lages
- Departamento
de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. M. Ferreira
- Departamento
de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael P. Vieira
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Beraldo
- Departamento
de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Abdelkader H, Fathalla Z, Seyfoddin A, Farahani M, Thrimawithana T, Allahham A, Alani AWG, Al-Kinani AA, Alany RG. Polymeric long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS) for treatment of chronic diseases: Inserts, patches, wafers, and implants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113957. [PMID: 34481032 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-oral long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS) encompass a range of technologies for precisely delivering drug molecules into target tissues either through the systemic circulation or via localized injections for treating chronic diseases like diabetes, cancer, and brain disorders as well as for age-related eye diseases. LADDS have been shown to prolong drug release from 24 h up to 3 years depending on characteristics of the drug and delivery system. LADDS can offer potentially safer, more effective, and patient friendly treatment options compared to more invasive modes of drug administration such as repeated injections or minor surgical intervention. Whilst there is no single technology or definition that can comprehensively embrace LADDS; for the purposes of this review, these systems include solid implants, inserts, transdermal patches, wafers and in situ forming delivery systems. This review covers common chronic illnesses, where candidate drugs have been incorporated into LADDS, examples of marketed long-acting pharmaceuticals, as well as newly emerging technologies, used in the fabrication of LADDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Abdelkader
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Fathalla
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Mojtaba Farahani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thilini Thrimawithana
- Discipline of Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ayman Allahham
- Discipline of Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Moody Avenue, RLSB, Portland, OR, United States; Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S. Moody Avenue, RLSB, Portland, OR, United States; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S. Moody Avenue, RLSB, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ali A Al-Kinani
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care Theme (DDDPC), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, UK.
| | - Raid G Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care Theme (DDDPC), Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, UK; School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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6
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Effective factors on iontophoretic transdermal delivery of memantine and donepezil as model drugs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Siafaka PI, Bülbül EÖ, Mutlu G, Okur ME, Karantas ID, Okur NÜ. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and their Potential in Alzheimer’s Disease Management. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:360-373. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200618150046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neuropathological disease with symptoms such as language problems,
confusion as to place or time, loss of interest in activities, which were previously enjoyed, behavioral
changes, and memory loss. Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia affect almost
46.8 million people globally and are estimated to strike about 131.5 million people in 2050. It has been
reported that Alzheimer's is the sixth main cause of mortality. The most used drugs, which are currently
approved by the Food, and Drug Administration for Alzheimer’s disease are donepezil, rivastigmine,
galantamine, memantine, and the combination of donepezil and memantine. However, most of
the drugs present various adverse effects. Recently, the transdermal drug delivery route has gained increasing
attention as an emerging tool for Alzheimer's disease management. Besides, transdermal drug
delivery systems seem to provide hope for the management of various diseases, due to the advantages
that they offer in comparison with oral dosage forms. Herein, the current advancements in transdermal
studies with potent features to achieve better Alzheimer's disease management are presented. Many
researchers have shown that the transdermal systems provide higher efficiency since the first-pass hepatic
metabolism effect can be avoided and a prolonged drug release rate can be achieved. In summary,
the transdermal administration of Alzheimer's drugs is an interesting and promising topic, which
should be further elaborated and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panoraia I. Siafaka
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ece Ö. Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökce Mutlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet E. Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ioannis D. Karantas
- Hippokration General Hospital, 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Neslihan Ü. Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Del Río-Sancho S, Pan Delgado D, de la Fuente GF, García-Caballero T, Taboada-Suárez A, Csaba N, Bao-Varela C, José Alonso M. Laser-induced transient skin disruption to enhance cutaneous drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:165-175. [PMID: 32891732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of pressure waves (PW) to disrupt the stratum corneum (SC) temporarily is an effective strategy to increase the deposition of drug molecules into the skin. However, given the rather modest outcomes when compared with ablation-assisted drug delivery, its potential has been underestimated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of Resonant Amplitude Waves (RAWs) on increasing cutaneous delivery. RAW phenomena are triggered by focusing a high-peak-power pulsed laser onto an appropriate transducer structure, under space- and time-controlled resolution. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the generation and use of RAWs, a screening of laser parameters setting and an analysis of different geometries of the impact pattern over diverse materials used as transducers was performed, analyzing the footprint of the RAW waves in an agarose gel. The results obtained were then checked and fine-tuned using human skin samples instead of agarose. Furthermore, ex vivo experiments were carried out to characterize the effect of the RAWs in the cutaneous delivery of diclofenac (DIC) and lidocaine (LID) administered in the form of gels. The application of RAWs resulted in an increased delivery of DIC and LID to the skin, whose intensity was dependent on the composition of the formulation. In fact, the maximum observed for DIC and LID in short-time experiments (39.1 ± 11.1 and 153 ± 16 µg/cm2, respectively) was comparable to those observed using ablation-assisted drug delivery under the same conditions. In conclusion, the combination of RAWs with specific formulation strategies is a feasible alternative for the cutaneous delivery of drug candidates when short onset of action is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Del Río-Sancho
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Pan Delgado
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Germán F de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University Clinical Hospital, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Taboada-Suárez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Bao-Varela
- UA Microóptica & Óptica GRIN (USC-CSIC), Photonics4 life group, Facultade de Física e Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade Santiago Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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9
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del Río-Sancho S, Castro-López V, Alonso MJ. Enhancing cutaneous delivery with laser technology: Almost there, but not yet. J Control Release 2019; 315:150-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Glasgow NG, Wilcox MR, Johnson JW. Effects of Mg 2+ on recovery of NMDA receptors from inhibition by memantine and ketamine reveal properties of a second site. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:344-358. [PMID: 29793153 PMCID: PMC6050087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Memantine and ketamine are NMDA receptor (NMDAR) open channel blockers that are thought to act via similar mechanisms at NMDARs, but exhibit divergent clinical effects. Both drugs act by entering open NMDARs and binding at a site deep within the ion channel (the deep site) at which the endogenous NMDAR channel blocker Mg2+ also binds. Under physiological conditions, Mg2+ increases the IC50s of memantine and ketamine through competition for binding at the deep site. Memantine also can inhibit NMDARs after associating with a second site accessible in the absence of agonist, a process termed second site inhibition (SSI) that is not observed with ketamine. Here we investigated the effects of 1 mM Mg2+ on recovery from inhibition by memantine and ketamine, and on memantine SSI, of the four main diheteromeric NMDAR subtypes. We found that: recovery from memantine inhibition depended strongly on the concentration of memantine used to inhibit the NMDAR response; Mg2+ accelerated recovery from memantine and ketamine inhibition through distinct mechanisms and in an NMDAR subtype-dependent manner; and Mg2+ occupation of the deep site disrupted memantine SSI in a subtype-dependent manner. Our results support the hypothesis that memantine associates with, but does not inhibit at the second site. After associating with the second site, memantine can either slowly dissociate directly to the extracellular solution, or transit to the deep site, resulting in typical channel block. Memantine's relatively slow dissociation from the second site underlies the dependence of NMDAR recovery from inhibition on both memantine concentration and on Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Glasgow
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Madeleine R Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jon W Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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11
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Mittapelly N, Pandey G, Tulsankar SL, Arfi S, Bhatta RS, Mishra PR. In Depth Analysis of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Patch-Assisted Delivery of Memantine and Donepezil Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and in Vitro/in Vivo Correlations. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2646-2655. [PMID: 29856631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of transdermal delivery of two widely prescribed dementia drugs for the Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, the drug in adhesive patches of memantine (ME) co-loaded with donepezil (DO) was prepared using an ethylene vinyl acetate polymer and characterized for drug content, the crystallinity of drugs in the polymer matrix, and in vitro permeation. To understand the different physical and chemical processes underlying the percutaneous absorption, it is required to employ a comprehensive model that accounts for the anatomy and physiology of the skin. A transdermal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (TPBPK) model was developed and was integrated in a compartmental pharmacokinetic model to predict the plasma drug concentrations in rats. The model predictions showed a good fit with the experimental data, as evaluated by the prediction error calculated for both drugs. It was evident from the simulations that the drug diffusivity and partition coefficient in the polymer matrix are the critical parameters that affect the drug release from the vehicle and subsequently influence the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. Moreover, a correlation function was built between the in vitro permeation data and in vivo absorption for both ME and DO. A good point-to-point in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC, Level A correlation) was achieved by predicting the plasma concentrations with convolution for the entire study duration. The results of our study suggested that the implementation of mechanistic modeling along with IVIVC can be a valuable tool to evaluate the relative effects of formulation variables on the bioavailability from transdermal delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Mittapelly
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 201002 , India
| | - Gitu Pandey
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Sachin Laxman Tulsankar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Sadaf Arfi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 201002 , India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 201002 , India
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12
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Effect of the Dispersion States of Azone in Hydroalcoholic Gels on Its Transdermal Permeation Enhancement Efficacy. J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Nguyen TT, Giau VV, Vo TK. Current advances in transdermal delivery of drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 49:145-154. [PMID: 28706327 PMCID: PMC5497436 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.208143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder, which will play an increasingly important role both socially and financially in the aging populations. Treatments for AD show modest improvements in cognition and global functioning among patients. Furthermore, the oral administration of treating AD has had some drawbacks that decrease the medication adherence and efficacy of the therapy. Transdermal drugs are proposed as an alternative remedy to overcome the disadvantages of current pharmaceutical dosage options for this chronic disorder. They could have different strengths, such as offering a stable diffusion of active substance, avoiding the first pass metabolism, and reducing system adverse reactions. This article reviews the technical principles, novel techniques of transdermal delivery drug, and prospects for future development for the management of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Korea.,Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Vietnam Sports Hospital, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
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14
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Ameen D, Michniak-Kohn B. Transdermal delivery of dimethyl fumarate for Alzheimer's disease: Effect of penetration enhancers. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:465-473. [PMID: 28709939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally administered drug with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities. It has potential uses in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of transdermal delivery of DMF by studying the effect of different penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of DMF. The permeation of saturated DMF solutions was investigated in propylene glycol (PG) with varying concentrations of each of the following enhancers: Polysorbate 80 (T80), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), laurocapram (Azone®) (Az), Transcutol P (Tc), Terpineol (Terp), and cineole (Cin) using vertical Franz diffusion cells and human cadaver skin. The results showed that all penetration enhancers improved the rate of permeation of DMF. The rank order for the highest concentration of each enhancer was as follows: Cin > Az>TC > Terp>T80≥NMP. The most effective penetration enhancer was shown to be 5% cineole with a 5.3-fold increase in the enhancement ratio (ER). The amounts of drug delivered suggest that DMF is a potential candidate for transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Ameen
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department od Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Dermal Research, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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15
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del Río-Sancho S, Cros C, Coutaz B, Cuendet M, Kalia YN. Cutaneous iontophoresis of μ-conotoxin CnIIIC—A potent Na V 1.4 antagonist with analgesic, anaesthetic and myorelaxant properties. Int J Pharm 2017; 518:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Del Río-Sancho S, Serna-Jiménez CE, Sebastián-Morelló M, Calatayud-Pascual MA, Balaguer-Fernández C, Femenía-Font A, Kalia YN, Merino V, López-Castellano A. Transdermal therapeutic systems for memantine delivery. Comparison of passive and iontophoretic transport. Int J Pharm 2016; 517:104-111. [PMID: 27865983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Memantine is a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist used in the treatment of moderate to severe dementia including the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is administered orally but compliance, swallowing problems and the routine use of multiple medications in elderly AD patients means that an alternative route of administration would be of interest. The aim of the present study was to develop memantine hydrochloride occlusive transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) for passive and iontophoretic delivery across the skin. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and a mixture with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were employed as polymeric matrices. The study involved the TTS characterization in addition to quantification of the memantine transport across porcine skin in vitro. The evaluation of the TTS physical properties suggested that systems were made more mechanically resistant by including PVA (6%) or high concentrations of PVP (24%). Moreover, a linear correlation was observed between the concentration of PVP and the bioadhesion of the systems. Drug delivery experiments showed that the highest transdermal flux provided by a passive TTS (PVP 24% w/w limonene) was 8.89±0.81μgcm-2h-1 whereas the highest iontophoretic transport was 46.4±3.6μgcm-2h-1. These innovative TTS would enable two dosage regimens that could lead to therapeutic plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Del Río-Sancho
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C E Serna-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Sebastián-Morelló
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Calatayud-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Balaguer-Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Femenía-Font
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Y N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politecnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitologia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A López-Castellano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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17
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Ita K. Recent trends in the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Drug Target 2016; 25:406-419. [PMID: 27701893 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1245310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing proportion of the global geriatric population, it becomes obvious that neurodegenerative diseases will become more widespread. From an epidemiological standpoint, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic agents for the management of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders. An important approach in this regard involves the use of the transdermal route. With transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), it is possible to modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles of these medications and improve patient compliance. Transdermal drug delivery has also been shown to be useful for drugs with short half-life and low or unpredictable bioavailability. In this review, several transdermal drug delivery enhancement technologies are being discussed in relation to the delivery of medications used for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ita
- a College of Pharmacy, Touro University , Mare Island-Vallejo , CA , USA
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18
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Wong TW. Electrical, magnetic, photomechanical and cavitational waves to overcome skin barrier for transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 193:257-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Design of transparent film-forming hydrogels of tolterodine and their effects on stratum corneum. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:322-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Meng-Lund E, Jacobsen J, Jin L, Janfelt C, Holm R, Müllertz A, Nicolazzo JA. Azone® Decreases the Buccal Mucosal Permeation of Diazepam in a Concentration-Dependent Manner via a Reservoir Effect. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1133-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Prasanthi D, Lakshmi PK. Terpenes: Effect of lipophilicity in enhancing transdermal delivery of alfuzosin hydrochloride. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2013; 3:216-23. [PMID: 23378942 PMCID: PMC3560127 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery has attracted much attention as an alternative to intravenous and oral methods of delivery. But the main barrier is stratum corneum. Terpenes classes of chemical enhancers are used in transdermal formulations for facilitating penetration of drugs. The aim of the study is to evaluate terpenes as skin penetration enhancers and correlate its relationship with permeation and lipophilicity. In this study, alfuzosin hydrochloride (AH) hydrogels were prepared with terpenes using Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design. The formulations contained one of eight terpenes, based on their lipophilicity (log P 2.13-5.36). The percutaneous permeation was studied in rat skin using diffusion cell technique. Flux, cumulative amount, lag time and skin content of AH were measured over 24 hours and compared with control gels. Nerolidol with highest lipophilicity (log P 5.36 ± 0.38) showed highest cumulative amount (Q24) of 647.29 ± 18.76 μg/cm2 and fluxrateof 28.16 ± 0.64 μg/cm2/hour. It showed decreased lag time of 0.76 ± 0.15 hours. Fenchone (2.5%) (log P 2.13 ± 0.30) produced the longest lag time 4.8 ± 0.20 hours. The rank order of enhancement effect was shown as nerolidol > farnesol > limonene > linalool > geraniol > carvone > fenchone > menthol. Lowest skin content was seen with carvone. Increase in lipophilicity of terpenes showed increase in flux, cumulative amount (Q24), and enhancement ratio which was significant with P < 0.000. But lag time was decreased and no correlation was found between lipophilicity and skin content. Histological studies showed changes in dermis which can be attributed to disruption of lipid packing of stratum corneum due to effect of nerolidol within lipid lamellae. It was found that small alcoholic terpenes with high degree of unsaturation enhance permeation of hydrophilic drugs, liquid terpenes enhance better than solid terpenes and terpenes with high lipophilicity are good penetration enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prasanthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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