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Fine-Shamir N, Dahan A. Ethanol-based solubility-enabling oral drug formulation development: Accounting for the solubility-permeability interplay. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123893. [PMID: 38346600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current work was to investigate the key factors that govern the success/failure of an ethanol-based solubility-enabling oral drug formulation, including the effects of the ethanol on the solubility of the drug, the permeability across the intestinal membrane, the drug's dissolution in the aqueous milieu of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and the resulting solubility-permeability interplay. The concentration-dependent effects of ethanol-based vehicles on the solubility, the in-vitro Caco-2 permeability, the in-vivo rat permeability, and the biorelevant dissolution of the BCS class II antiepileptic drug carbamazepine were studied, and a predictive model describing the solubility-permeability relationship was developed. Significant concentration-dependent solubility increase of CBZ was obtained with increasing ethanol levels, that was accompanied by permeability decrease, both in Caco-2 and in rat perfusion studies, demonstrating a tradeoff between the increased solubility afforded by the ethanol and a concomitant permeability decrease. When ethanol absorption was accounted for, an excellent agreement was achieved between the predicted permeability and the experimental data. Biorelevant dissolution studies revealed that minimal ethanol levels of 30 % and 50 % were needed to fully dissolve 1 and 5 mg CBZ dose respectively, with no drug precipitation.In conclusion, key factors to be accounted for when developing ethanol-based formulation include the drug's solubility, permeability, the solubility-permeability interplay, and the drug dose intended to be delivered. Only the minimal amount of ethanol sufficient to solubilize the drug dose throughout the GIT should be used, and not more than that, to avoid unnecessarily permeability loss, and to maximize overall drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Fine-Shamir N, Dahan A. Solubility-enabling formulations for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs: considering the solubility-permeability interplay for accelerated formulation development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:13-29. [PMID: 38124383 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2298247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tackling low water solubility of drug candidates is a major challenge in today's pharmaceutics/biopharmaceutics, especially by means of modern solubility-enabling formulations. However, drug absorption from these formulations oftentimes remains unchanged or even decreases, despite substantial solubility enhancement. AREAS COVERED In this article, we overview the simultaneous effects of the formulation on the solubility and the apparent permeability of the drug, and analyze the contribution of this solubility-permeability interplay to the success/failure of the formulation to increase the overall absorption and bioavailability. Three different patterns of interplay were identified: (1) solubility-permeability tradeoff in which every solubility gain comes with a price of concomitant permeability loss; (2) an advantageous interplay pattern in which the permeability remains unchanged alongside the solubility gain; and (3) an optimal interplay pattern in which the formulation increases both the solubility and the permeability. Passive vs. active intestinal permeability considerations in the context of the solubility-permeability interplay are also thoroughly discussed. EXPERT OPINION The solubility-permeability interplay pattern of a given formulation has a critical effect on its overall success/failure, and hence, taking into account both parameters in solubility-enabling formulation development is prudent and highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Roche A, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Bataille B, Delannoy V, Soulairol I. Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printing and solubility improvement of BCS II and IV active ingredients - A narrative review. J Control Release 2024; 365:507-520. [PMID: 38036003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In the field of pharmaceutical research and development, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing (3DP) has aroused growing interest within the last ten years. The use of thermoplastic polymers, combined with the melting process of the raw materials, offers the possibility of manufacturing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). In the pharmaceutical industry, the formulation of an ASD is a widely used strategy to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs (classified by the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) as class II and IV). In this review, an analysis of studies that have developed a FDM printed form containing a BCS class II or IV active substance was performed. The focus has been placed on the evaluation of the solid state of the active molecules (crystalline or amorphous) and on the study of their dissolution profile. Thus, the aim of this work is to highlight the interest of FDM 3DP to induce the amorphisation phenomenon of Class II and IV active substances by forming an ASD, and as result improving their solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Roche
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Noelia M Sanchez-Ballester
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
| | - Bernard Bataille
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Violaine Delannoy
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Ian Soulairol
- ICGM, Montpellier University, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
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Junyaprasert VB, Thummarati P. Innovative Design of Targeted Nanoparticles: Polymer-Drug Conjugates for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2216. [PMID: 37765185 PMCID: PMC10537251 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs) have shown great promise in enhancing the efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. These conjugates combine the advantageous properties of both polymers and drugs, leading to improved pharmacokinetics, controlled drug release, and targeted delivery to tumor tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in PDCs for cancer therapy. First, various types of polymers used in these conjugates are discussed, including synthetic polymers, such as poly(↋-caprolactone) (PCL), D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol (TPGS), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), as well as natural polymers such as hyaluronic acid (HA). The choice of polymer is crucial to achieving desired properties, such as stability, biocompatibility, and controlled drug release. Subsequently, the strategies for conjugating drugs to polymers are explored, including covalent bonding, which enables a stable linkage between the polymer and the drug, ensuring controlled release and minimizing premature drug release. The use of polymers can extend the circulation time of the drug, facilitating enhanced accumulation within tumor tissues through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. This, in turn, results in improved drug efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. Moreover, the importance of tumor-targeting ligands in PDCs is highlighted. Various ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, aptamers, folic acid, herceptin, and HA, can be incorporated into conjugates to selectively deliver the drug to tumor cells, reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic outcomes. In conclusion, PDCs have emerged as a versatile and effective approach to cancer therapy. Their ability to combine the advantages of polymers and drugs offers enhanced drug delivery, controlled release, and targeted treatment, thereby improving the overall efficacy and safety of cancer therapies. Further research and development in this field has great potential to advance personalized cancer treatment options.
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Xi Z, Fei Y, Wang Y, Lin Q, Ke Q, Feng G, Xu L. Solubility improvement of curcumin by crystallization inhibition from polymeric surfactants in amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Jacobsen AC, Visentin S, Butnarasu C, Stein PC, di Cagno MP. Commercially Available Cell-Free Permeability Tests for Industrial Drug Development: Increased Sustainability through Reduction of In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020592. [PMID: 36839914 PMCID: PMC9964961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacing in vivo with in vitro studies can increase sustainability in the development of medicines. This principle has already been applied in the biowaiver approach based on the biopharmaceutical classification system, BCS. A biowaiver is a regulatory process in which a drug is approved based on evidence of in vitro equivalence, i.e., a dissolution test, rather than on in vivo bioequivalence. Currently biowaivers can only be granted for highly water-soluble drugs, i.e., BCS class I/III drugs. When evaluating poorly soluble drugs, i.e., BCS class II/IV drugs, in vitro dissolution testing has proved to be inadequate for predicting in vivo drug performance due to the lack of permeability interpretation. The aim of this review was to provide solid proofs that at least two commercially available cell-free in vitro assays, namely, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, PAMPA, and the PermeaPad® assay, PermeaPad, in different formats and set-ups, have the potential to reduce and replace in vivo testing to some extent, thus increasing sustainability in drug development. Based on the literature review presented here, we suggest that these assays should be implemented as alternatives to (1) more energy-intense in vitro methods, e.g., refining/replacing cell-based permeability assays, and (2) in vivo studies, e.g., reducing the number of pharmacokinetic studies conducted on animals and humans. For this to happen, a new and modern legislative framework for drug approval is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Jacobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Cosmin Butnarasu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul C. Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Andrews GP, Qian K, Jacobs E, Jones DS, Tian Y. High drug loading nanosized amorphous solid dispersion (NASD) with enhanced in vitro solubility and permeability: Benchmarking conventional ASD. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122551. [PMID: 36581107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), it is possible to generate drug-rich nanoparticles during the dissolution of conventional amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). These self-generated nanoparticles may improve the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs by enhancing the drug's apparent solubility and effective membrane permeability. However, due to the high concentration threshold required for LLPS, conventional ASDs that can consistently generate drug-rich nanoparticles during dissolution are rare. More importantly, the quality of these meta-stable drug-rich nanoparticles is hard to control during dissolution, leading to inconsistency in formulation performances. This work has described a continuous twin-screw extrusion process capable of producing nanosized ASD (NASD) formulations that can offer better solubility and permeability enhancements over conventional ASD formulations. Two polymeric carriers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate (PVPVA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), with a model hydrophobic drug celecoxib (BCS II), were formulated into both ASD and NASD formulations. Compared to the conventional ASD formulation, the prefabricated NASD (sizes ranging between 40 and 200 nm) embedded within a polyol matrix can be rapidly dispersed into a nanoparticle suspension in the presence of aqueous media. The resulting NASDs achieved drug loadings up to 80 % w/w and a maximum of 98 % encapsulation efficiency. Because of the TSE platform's high drug-loading capacity and high scalability, the developed method may be useful for continuously producing personalized nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Kaijie Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Jacobs
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - David S Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Yiwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
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Nielsen RB, Holm R, Pijpers I, Snoeys J, Nielsen UG, Nielsen CU. Combinational Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Etoposide Transport by Zosuquidar and Polysorbate 20. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010283. [PMID: 36678911 PMCID: PMC9865188 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) limits the oral absorption of drug substances. Potent small molecule P-gp inhibitors (e.g., zosuquidar) and nonionic surfactants (e.g., polysorbate 20) inhibit P-gp by proposedly different mechanisms. Therefore, it was hypothesised that a combination of zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 may potentiate inhibition of P-gp-mediated efflux. P-gp inhibition by zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 in combination was assessed in a calcein-AM assay and in a transcellular etoposide permeability study in MDCKII-MDR1 and Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, solutions of etoposide, zosuquidar, and polysorbate 20 were orally administered to Sprague Dawley rats. Zosuquidar elicited a high level of nonspecific adsorption to various labware, which significantly affected the outcomes of the in vitro studies. Still, at certain zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 concentrations, additive P-gp inhibition was observed in vitro. In vivo, however, oral etoposide bioavailability decreased by coadministration of both zosuquidar and polysorbate 20 when compared to coadministration of etoposide with zosuquidar alone. For future formulation development, the present study provided important and novel knowledge about nonspecific zosuquidar adsorption, as well as insights into combinational P-gp inhibition by a third-generation P-gp inhibitor and a P-gp-inhibiting nonionic surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Blaaholm Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ils Pijpers
- Bioanalysis Discovery & Development Sciences, Janssen R & D, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, BE-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen R & D, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, BE-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ulla Gro Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Qiang W, Löbmann K, McCoy CP, Andrews GP, Zhao M. The effects of surfactants on the performance of polymer-based microwave-induced in situ amorphization. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122426. [PMID: 36427697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-induced in situ amorphization is a novel technology for preparing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) to address the challenges of their long-term physical stability and downstream processing. To date, only few types of dielectric materials have been reported for microwave-induced in situ amorphization, which restricted the extensive research of this technology. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and mechanisms of utilizing the non-ionic surfactants, i.e. Kollisolv P124, Kolliphor RH40, D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), Tween (T) 60 (T60), T65, T80 and T85, as plasticizers to facilitate microwave-induced in situ amorphization. It was found that the successful application of surfactants could be related with their low Tm, low Mw and high HLB. Kolliphor RH40 was selected as a typical surfactant due to its excellent dielectric heating ability, plasticizing effect and solubilizing effect when facilitating amorphization. Then, the dissolution-mediated in situ amorphization mechanism was investigated and intuitively demonstrated. For the most promising formulation, i.e. microwaved systems with Korlliphor RH40 at 1.5 (w/w) plasticizer/polymer ratio, a complete and fast in vitro dissolution was observed relative to the untreated systems. In conclusion, non-ionic surfactants had the potential to facilitate microwave-induced in situ amorphization, which provided a new direction in the formulation designation for microwave-able systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin P McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; China Medical University- Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; China Medical University- Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.
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Wang X, Zheng Y, Qiu L, Ouyang H, Xu X, Xu W, Zhang Y, Xu W. Evaluation and antitumor mechanism of functionalized chitosan-based polymeric micelles for oral delivery of paclitaxel. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122138. [PMID: 36029990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-modified carboxymethyl chitosan-rhein (TCR) polymeric micelles (PMs) self-assembled by TCR conjugate were constructed for oral delivery of paclitaxel (PTX). PTX-loaded TCR PMs with a drug loading capacity of 47.52 ± 1.65 % significantly improved the intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of PTX. TCR PMs loaded with PTX displayed time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in Caco-2, MCF-7 and Taxol-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/Taxol) cells. In MCF-7/Taxol cells, PTX-loaded TCR PMs promoted apoptosis and changed cell cycle, and TCR conjugate exhibited a P-gp inhibition ability and caused ATP depletion. Moreover, confocal imaging of intestinal sections, Caco-2 cell uptake assay and in vivo bioimaging using environmental response fluorescence probe suggested that TCR PMs loaded with drugs can be absorbed as a whole through the intestinal epithelium after oral administration, enter systemic circulation, and then get to the tumor site. Remarkably, PTX-loaded TCR PMs displayed a significant antitumor effect in H22 tumor xenograft mice and the MCF-7 or MCF-7/Taxol xenograft zebrafish model, which was related to the inhibitory function of TCR conjugate for P-gp activity and P-gp and MDR1 expression. Functionalized TCR PMs are expected to improve the oral therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble antitumor drugs and treat drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Yaling Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Liangzhen Qiu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huizhi Ouyang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xueya Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Porat D, Dukhno O, Vainer E, Cvijić S, Dahan A. Antiallergic Treatment of Bariatric Patients: Potentially Hampered Solubility/Dissolution and Bioavailability of Loratadine, but Not Desloratadine, Post-Bariatric Surgery. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2922-2936. [PMID: 35759355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal anatomical/physiological changes after bariatric surgery influence variables affecting the fate of drugs after ingestion, and medication management of these patients requires a thorough and complex mechanistic analysis. The aim of this research was to study whether loratadine/desloratadine antiallergic treatment of bariatric patients is at risk of being ineffective due to impaired solubility/dissolution. The pH-dependent solubility of loratadine/desloratadine was studied in vitro, as well as ex vivo, in gastric content aspirated from patients before versus after bariatric surgery. Then, a biorelevant dissolution method was developed to simulate the gastric conditions after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), accounting for key variables (intragastric volume, pH, and contractility), and the dissolution of loratadine/desloratadine was studied pre- versus post-surgery. Dissolution was also studied after tablet crushing or syrup ingestion, as these actions are recommended after bariatric surgery. Finally, these experimental data were implemented in a newly developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to simulate loratadine/desloratadine PK profiles pre- versus post-surgery. For both drugs, pH-dependent solubility was demonstrated, with decreased solubility at higher pH; over the pH range 1-7, loratadine solubility decreased ∼2000-fold, and desloratadine decreased ∼120-fold. Ex vivo solubility in aspirated human gastric fluid pre- versus post-surgery was in good agreement with these in vitro results and revealed that while desloratadine solubility still allows complete dissolution post-surgery, loratadine solubility post-surgery is much lower than the threshold required for the complete dissolution of the drug dose. Indeed, severely hampered loratadine dissolution was revealed, dropping from 100% pre-surgery to only 3 and 1% post-SG and post-OAGB, respectively. Tablet crushing did not increase loratadine dissolution in any post-bariatric condition, nor did loratadine syrup in post-OAGB (pH 7) media, while in post-laparoscopic SG conditions (pH 5), the syrup provided partial improvement of up to 40% dissolution. Desloratadine exhibited quick and complete dissolution across all pre-/post-surgery conditions. PBPK simulations revealed pronounced impaired absorption of loratadine post-surgery, with 84-88% decreased Cmax, 28-36% decreased Fa, and 24-31% decreased overall bioavailability, depending on the type of bariatric procedure. Desloratadine absorption remained unchanged post-surgery. We propose that desloratadine should be preferred over loratadine in bariatric patients, and as loratadine is an over-the-counter medication, antiallergic therapy after bariatric surgery requires special attention by patients and clinicians alike. This mechanistic approach that reveals potential post-surgery complexity, and at the same time provides adequate substitutions, may contribute to better pharmacotherapy and overall patient care after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Oleg Dukhno
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8410101, Israel
| | - Ella Vainer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sandra Cvijić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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2-Methoxyestradiol TPGS Micelles Attenuate Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats through Inhibition of TGF-β1 and p-ERK1/2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081499. [PMID: 36009218 PMCID: PMC9405159 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CSA) has been linked to serious renal toxic effects. Although 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) possesses a wide range of pharmacological abilities, it suffers poor bioavailability after oral administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of 2ME loaded D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) micelles to prevent CSA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A 2ME-TPGS was prepared and showed particle size of 44.3 ± 3.5 nm with good entrapment efficiency and spherical structures. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, namely: Control, Vehicle, CSA, CSA + 2ME-Raw, and CSA + 2ME-Nano. CSA was injected daily at a SC dose of 20 mg/kg. Both 2ME-Raw and 2ME-Nano were given daily at oral doses of 5 mg/kg. Treatments continued for three successive weeks. 2ME-TPGS exerted significant protective effects against CSA nephrotoxicity. This was evidenced in ameliorating deterioration of renal functions, attenuation of pathological changes in kidney tissues, exerting significant anti-fibrotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects together with significant anti-apoptotic effects. Western blot analyses showed both 2ME-Raw and 2ME-Nano significantly inhibited protein expression of TGF-β1 and phospho-ERK (p-ERK). It was observed that 2ME-TPGS, in almost all experiments, exerted superior protective effects as compared with 2ME-Raw. In conclusion, 2ME loaded in a TPGS nanocarrier possesses significant protective activities against CSA-induced kidney injury in rats. This is attributable to 2ME anti-fibrotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities which are mediated at least partly by inhibition of TGF-β1/p-ERK axis.
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Kádár S, Tőzsér P, Nagy B, Farkas A, Nagy ZK, Tsinman O, Tsinman K, Csicsák D, Völgyi G, Takács-Novák K, Borbás E, Sinkó B. Flux-Based Formulation Development-A Proof of Concept Study. AAPS J 2022; 24:22. [PMID: 34988721 PMCID: PMC8816521 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The work aimed to develop the Absorption Driven Drug Formulation (ADDF) concept, which is a new approach in formulation development to ensure that the drug product meets the expected absorption rate. The concept is built on the solubility-permeability interplay and the rate of supersaturation as the driving force of absorption. This paper presents the first case study using the ADDF concept where not only dissolution and solubility but also permeation of the drug is considered in every step of the formulation development. For that reason, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) was used for excipient selection, small volume dissolution-permeation apparatus was used for testing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), and large volume dissolution-permeation tests were carried out to characterize the final dosage forms. The API-excipient interaction studies on PAMPA indicated differences when different fillers or surfactants were studied. These differences were then confirmed with small volume dissolution-permeation assays where the addition of Tween 80 to the ASDs decreased the flux dramatically. Also, the early indication of sorbitol’s advantage over mannitol by PAMPA has been confirmed in the investigation of the final dosage forms by large-scale dissolution-permeation tests. This difference between the fillers was observed in vivo as well. The presented case study demonstrated that the ADDF concept opens a new perspective in generic formulation development using fast and cost-effective flux-based screening methods in order to meet the bioequivalence criteria. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabina Kádár
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Petra Tőzsér
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Zsombor K Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Oksana Tsinman
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook Street, Billerica, Massachusetts, 01821, USA
| | | | - Dóra Csicsák
- Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, Budapest, 1092, Hungary
| | - Gergely Völgyi
- Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, Budapest, 1092, Hungary
| | | | - Enikő Borbás
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rkp, Budapest, 1111, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Sinkó
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook Street, Billerica, Massachusetts, 01821, USA.
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14
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Kim S, Kim JH, Seok SH, Park ES. Enhanced permeability and oral absorption of Panax notoginseng saponins by borneol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Saha P, Pandey MM. DoE-based validation of a HPLC-UV method for quantification of rotigotine nanocrystals: Application to in vitro dissolution and ex vivo nasal permeation studies. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:590-600. [PMID: 34783375 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current work is focused on optimization, development, and validation of a sensitive and specific reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of rotigotine (RTG) in bulk and nanoformulations. The RP-HPLC method was effectively optimized using the concepts of design of experiments. Critical method variables (CMVs) were screened using Plackett-Burman design. Box-Behnken, a surface response methodology-based design, was further used for the optimization of CMVs with the number of theoretical plates and retention time (min) as responses. The optimized chromatographic conditions for the RP-HPLC method were: acetonitrile proportion: 54% v/v, pH of buffer: 5.0 (10 mM), and flow rate: 0.65 mL/min. The number of theoretical plates and retention time in the study were found to be 11206 and 7.65 min, respectively. The developed method exhibited good linearity (R2 = 0.9995) within a range of 25-600 ng/mL and LOD and LOQ were found to be 9 and 12 ng/mL, respectively. The developed RP-HPLC method was found sensitive, accurate, precise, specific, robust, and stability indicating according to the regulatory guidelines. The validated method was efficiently applied for in vitro dissolution study, ex vivo nasal permeation study, and estimation of drug content of RTG nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Murali Monohar Pandey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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16
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Tong M, Wu X, Zhang S, Hua D, Li S, Yu X, Wang J, Zhang Z. Application of TPGS as an efflux inhibitor and a plasticizer in baicalein solid dispersion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106071. [PMID: 34774716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability and efficacy of baicalein is dramatically limited by its low solubility and effect of efflux. In our study, we chose PVP-VA64 as a carrier and TPGS as a plasticizer and efflux inhibitor to prepare a solid dispersion of baicalein using hot-melt extrusion technology to improve its solubility and bioavailability. The hot-melt process and formulation were optimized, and a BAC-PVP VA64-TPGS solid dispersion (BPT-SD) was prepared. BAC exists in an amorphous or molecular state in BPT-SD. BPT-SD comprised irregular lumps and small particles without BAC or carrier characteristics. The dissolution efficiency of BPT-SD improved under sink conditions. FTIR showed a strong hydrogen bond between BAC and PVP-VA64 in BPT-SD. BPT-SD maintained good physical stability for 6 months. The apparent permeability coefficient of BAC in the Caco-2 cell model confirmed that BPT-SD had higher gastrointestinal membrane permeability. A rat pharmacokinetic study showed that BPT-SD had higher Cmax and AUC0-24h, shorter Tmax, and 2.88-fold higher bioavailability than BAC. A behavioral experiment in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice confirmed the antidepressant efficacy of BAC. BPT-SD reversed depression-like behavior in CUMS mice and improved BAC bioavailability. BAC preparation into a solid dispersion significantly enhanced dissolution performance and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The affiliated hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Di Hua
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Shukun Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Xiangyu Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
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17
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An ultrasonographic assisted investigation for the enhancement of duodenal/cecal motility of mosapride through a surfactant-based triple solid dispersion: In-vitro, in-vivo assessment of tablet formulation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Ramachandran G, Sudheesh MS. Role of Permeability on the Biopredictive Dissolution of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:243. [PMID: 34595565 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An ideal dissolution test for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) should reflect physicochemical, physiological, and hydrodynamic conditions which accurately represent in vivo dissolution. However, this is confounded by the evolution of different molecular and colloidal species during dissolution, generating a supersaturated state of the drug. The supersaturated state of a drug is thermodynamically unstable which drives the process of precipitation resulting in a loss of solubility advantage. Maintaining a supersaturated state of the drug with the help of precipitation inhibiting excipients is a key component in the design of ASDs. Therefore, a biopredictive dissolution test is critical for proper risk assessment during the development of an optimal ASD formulation. One of the overlooked components of biopredictive dissolution is the role of drug permeability. The kinetic changes in the phase behavior of a drug during dissolution of ASDs are influenced by drug permeability across a membrane. Conventionally, drug dissolution and permeation are analyzed separately although they occur simultaneously in vivo. The kinetic phase changes occurring during dissolution of ASDs can influence the thermodynamic activity and membrane flux of a drug. The present review evaluates the feasibility, predictability, and practicability of permeability/dissolution for the optimal development and risk assessment of ASD formulations.
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19
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Wande DP, Cui Q, Chen S, Xu C, Xiong H, Yao J. Rediscovering Tocophersolan: A Renaissance for Nano-Based Drug Delivery and Nanotheranostic Applications. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:856-869. [PMID: 32525772 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200611140425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A unique and pleiotropic polymer, d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Tocophersolan), is a polymeric, synthetic version of vitamin E. Tocophersolan has attracted enormous attention as a versatile excipient in different biomedical applications including drug delivery systems and nutraceuticals. The multiple inherent properties of Tocophersolan allow it to play flexible roles in drug delivery system design, including excipients with outstanding biocompatibility, solubilizer with the ability to promote drug dissolution, drug permeation enhancer, P-glycoprotein inhibitor, and anticancer compound. For these reasons, Tocophersolan has been widely used for improving the bioavailability of numerous pharmaceutical active ingredients. Tocophersolan has been approved by stringent regulatory authorities (such as the US FDA, EMA, and PMDA) as a safe pharmaceutical excipient. In this review, the current advances in nano-based delivery systems consisting of Tocophersolan, with possibilities for futuristic applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and nanotheranostics, were systematically curated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson P Wande
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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20
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Tran PHL, Tran TTD. Mucoadhesive Formulation Designs for Oral Controlled Drug Release at the Colon. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:540-547. [PMID: 32940169 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200917143816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive formulations have been demonstrated to result in efficient drug delivery systems with advantages over existing systems such as increased local retention and sustained drug release via adhesiveness to mucosal tissues. The controlled release of colon-targeted, orally administered drugs has recently attracted a number of studies investigating mucoadhesive systems. Consequently, substantial designs, from mucoadhesive cores to shells of particles, have been studied with promising applications. This review will provide an overview of specific strategies for developing mucoadhesive systems for colon-targeted oral delivery with controlled drug release, including mucoadhesive matrices, cross-linked mucoadhesive microparticles, coatings and mucoadhesive nanoparticles. The understanding of the basic principle of these designs and advanced formulations throughout will lead to the development of products with efficient drug delivery at the colon for therapies for different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H L Tran
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thao T D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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21
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Kim SA, Nam G, Bae YR, Jha SK, Kim S, Choi Y, Lee Y, Kwon M, Jeong C, Byun Y, Park JW, Kim I. Oral Cancer Immunotherapy through a Simvastatin‐Loaded Colloidal Dispersion System for the Generation of Sustained Antitumor Immunity. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong A Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi‐hoon Nam
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rang Bae
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine Health and Life Convergence Sciences BK21 Four Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute Mokpo National University Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Choi
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Korea University Anam Hospital Korea University College of Medicine 73 Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhyun Jeong
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology College of Pharmacy Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine Health and Life Convergence Sciences BK21 Four Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute Mokpo National University Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute Mokpo National University 1666 Youngsan‐ro, Muangun Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - In‐San Kim
- Center for Theragnosis Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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22
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Pawar BM, Rahman SNR, Pawde DM, Goswami A, Shunmugaperumal T. Orally Administered Drug Solubility-Enhancing Formulations: Lesson Learnt from Optimum Solubility-Permeability Balance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:63. [PMID: 33528698 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is considered as most acceptable route for administering the active pharmaceutical ingredients to patients of all age-groups with the exceptions of bed-ridden patients and infants, the extent and rate of drug reaching the systemic circulation (in other word, drug bioavailability) always depends on many factors such as drug solubility in gastrointestinal fluids and drug permeation into intraluminal epithelial membrane structure, absence (fasting state) and presence (fed state) of food materials in the gastrointestinal tract, and individual variations in gastric emptying time. Taking the most influential factors like drug solubility and its permeability into consideration, these two factors play a pivotal role and even act as the litmus test for the formulation scientists who involve in oral dosage form development. It is very clear that there should be an optimum solubility and permeability balance to be reachable for getting the desired drug bioavailability to exert the intended therapeutic activity. The objectives of current review are (1) to provide an overview of two-different categories of poorly water soluble API molecules, (2) to describe briefly three-different case studies taken from drug solubility-enhancing formulations dealing with interplay between solubility and permeability, and (3) to showcase selected examples of solubility-permeability interplay phenomena arising out from the various orally administrable dosage forms. The lessons learnt from the past and current literatures are certainly encouraging to go ahead for oral dosage form development but with the prior knowledge about the possible existence of solubility-permeability interplay/tradeoff phenomenon.
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23
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Fine-Shamir N, Beig A, Dahan A. Adequate formulation approach for oral chemotherapy: Etoposide solubility, permeability, and overall bioavailability from cosolvent- vs. vitamin E TPGS-based delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120295. [PMID: 33497706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Injectable-to-oral conversions for anticancer drugs represent an important trend. The goal of this research was to investigate the suitability of formulation approaches for anticancer oral drug delivery, aiming to reveal mechanistic insights that may guide oral chemotherapy development. TPGS vs. PEG-400 were studied as oral formulations for the anticancer drug etoposide, accounting for drug solubility, biorelevant dissolution, permeability, solubility-permeability interplay, and overall bioavailability. Increased etoposide solubility was demonstrated with both excipients. Biorelevant dissolution revealed that TPGS or PEG-400, but not aqueous suspension, allowed complete dissolution of the entire drug dose. Both TPGS and PEG-400 resulted in decreased in-vitro etoposide permeability across artificial membrane, i.e. solubility-permeability tradeoff. While PEG-400 resulted in the same solubility-permeability tradeoff also in-vivo, TPGS showed the opposite trend: the in-vivo permeability of etoposide was markedly increased in the presence of TPGS. This increased permeability was similar to the drug permeability under P-gp inhibition. Rat PK study demonstrated significantly higher etoposide bioavailability from TPGS vs. PEG-400 or suspension (AUC of 72, 41, and 26 µg·min/mL, respectively). All in all, TPGS-based delivery system allows overcoming the solubility-permeability tradeoff, increasing systemic etoposide exposure. Since poor solubility and strong efflux are common to many anticancer agents, this work can aid in the development of better oral delivery approach for chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avital Beig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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24
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Rathod S, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Nanocarriers based on vitamin E-TPGS: Design principle and molecular insights into improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Dahan A. Prodrugs for Improved Drug Delivery: Lessons Learned from Recently Developed and Marketed Products. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111031. [PMID: 33137942 PMCID: PMC7692606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs are bioreversible, inactive drug derivatives, which have the ability to convert into a parent drug in the body. In the past, prodrugs were used as a last option; however, nowadays, prodrugs are considered already in the early stages of drug development. Optimal prodrug needs to have effective absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) features to be chemically stable, to be selective towards the particular site in the body, and to have appropriate safety. Traditional prodrug approach aims to improve physicochemical/biopharmaceutical drug properties; modern prodrugs also include cellular and molecular parameters to accomplish desired drug effect and site-specificity. Here, we present recently investigated prodrugs, their pharmaceutical and clinical advantages, and challenges facing the overall prodrug development. Given examples illustrate that prodrugs can accomplish appropriate solubility, increase permeability, provide site-specific targeting (i.e., to organs, tissues, enzymes, or transporters), overcome rapid drug metabolism, decrease toxicity, or provide better patient compliance, all with the aim to provide optimal drug therapy and outcome. Overall, the prodrug approach is a powerful tool to decrease the time/costs of developing new drug entities and improve overall drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arik Dahan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-6479483; Fax: +972-8-6479303
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26
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Jha SK, Han HS, Subedi L, Pangeni R, Chung JY, Kweon S, Choi JU, Byun Y, Kim YH, Park JW. Enhanced oral bioavailability of an etoposide multiple nanoemulsion incorporating a deoxycholic acid derivative-lipid complex. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1501-1513. [PMID: 33107339 PMCID: PMC7594851 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1837293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a system for oral delivery of etoposide (ETP) was designed to avoid the problems associated with low and variable bioavailability of a commercially available ETP emulsion comprised of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, and citric acid anhydrous. ETP was complexed with low-molecular-weight methylcellulose (ETP/LMC) and loaded into a water-in-oil-in-water multiple nanoemulsion to formulate an ETP/LMC-nanoemulsion (ELNE). To further enhance the oral bioavailability, an ionic complex formed by anionic lipid 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (sodium salt) and cationic Nα-deoxycholyl-l-lysyl-methylester was incorporated into ELNE, yielding ELNE#7. As expected, ELNE#7 showed 4.07- and 2.25-fold increases in artificial membrane and Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 permeability (Papp), respectively, resulting in 224% greater oral bioavailability compared with the commercially available ETP emulsion. In contrast, inhibition of clathrin- and caveola-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and bile acid transporters by chlorpromazine, genistein, amiloride, and actinomycin D in Caco-2/HT-29-MTX-E12 monolayers reduced the Papp by 45.0%, 20.5%, 28.8%, and 31.1%, respectively. These findings suggest that these routes play important roles in enhancing the oral absorption of ELNE#7. In addition, our mechanistic study suggested that P-glycoprotein did not have an inhibitory effect on the permeation of ELNE#7. Notably, ELNE#7 showed significantly enhanced toxicity in LLC and A549 cells compared with ETP-E. These observations support the improved oral absorption of ETP in ELNE#7, suggesting that it is a better alternative than ETP emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, BK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laxman Subedi
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Rudra Pangeni
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Kweon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Uk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, BK 21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
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Pandi P, Bulusu R, Kommineni N, Khan W, Singh M. Amorphous solid dispersions: An update for preparation, characterization, mechanism on bioavailability, stability, regulatory considerations and marketed products. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119560. [PMID: 32565285 PMCID: PMC8691091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are being employed frequently to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble molecules by enhancing the rate and extant of dissolution in drug product development process. These systems comprise of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient stabilized by a polymer matrix to provide enhanced stability. This review discussed the methodologies of preparation and characterization of ASDs with an emphasis on understanding and predicting stability. Rational selection of polymers, preparation techniques with its advantages and disadvantages and characterization of polymeric amorphous solid dispersions have discussed. Stability aspects have been described as per ICH guidelines which intend to depend on selection of polymers and preparation methods of ASD. The mechanism involved on improvement of bioavailability also considered. Regulatory importance of ASD and current evolving details of QBD approach were reviewed. Amorphous products and particularly ASDs are currently most emerging area in the pharmaceutical field. This strategic approach presents huge impact and advantageous features concerning the overall improvement of drug product performance in clinical settings which ultimately lead to drug product approval by leading regulatory agencies into the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palpandi Pandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Employee State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600078, India
| | - Raviteja Bulusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada 533003, India
| | - Nagavendra Kommineni
- College of Pharmacy, Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University, FL 32307, USA
| | - Wahid Khan
- Natco Research Centre, NATCO Pharma Limited, Hyderabad 500018, India.
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University, FL 32307, USA.
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The solubility, permeability and the dose as key factors in formulation development for oral lipophilic drugs: Maximizing the bioavailability of carbamazepine with a cosolvent-based formulation. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119307. [PMID: 32276090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate drug dose, solubility, permeability, and their interplay, as key factors in oral formulation development for lipophilic drugs. A PEG400-based formulation was studied for five doses of the lipophilic drug carbamazepine, accounting for biorelevant dissolution of the dose in the GIT, and in-vivo bioavailability in rats. With the three lower doses (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg), complete in-vitro dissolution was achieved and maintained throughout the experiment with this formulation, while significant precipitation was obtained with higher doses (100 and 200 mg/kg). Likewise, the studied formulation allowed complete bioavailability in-vivo with the three lower doses, while the same formulation allowed only 76% and 42% bioavailability for the 100 and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively. There was good correlation between the in-vitro and in-vivo results. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the dose is a crucial factor in formulation development; while a given formulation may be optimal for a certain drug dose, it may no longer be optimal for higher doses of the same drug. Hence, the solubility, the permeability, and their interplay, have to be considered in light of the drug dose intended to be administered in order to achieve successful oral formulation development.
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Harnessing the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs through amorphous solid dispersions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1873:188319. [PMID: 31678141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of cancer is still a major challenge. But tremendous progress in anticancer drug discovery and development has occurred in the last few decades. However, this progress has resulted in few effective oncology products due to challenges associated with anticancer drug delivery. Oral administration is the most preferred route for anticancer drug delivery, but the majority of anticancer drugs currently in product pipelines and the majority of those that have been commercially approved have inherently poor water solubility, and this cannot be mitigated without compromising their potency and stability. The poor water solubility of anticancer drugs, in conjunction with other factors, leads to suboptimal pharmacokinetic performance. Thus, these drugs have limited efficacy and safety when administered orally. The amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a promising formulation technology that primarily enhances the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with the oral administration of anticancer drugs and the use of ASD technology in alleviating these challenges. We emphasize the ability of ASDs to improve not only the pharmacokinetics of poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs, but also their efficacy and safety. The goal of this paper is to rationalize the application of ASD technology in the formulation of anticancer drugs, thereby creating superior oncology products that lead to improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Ahmed TA, El-Say KM, Ahmed OA, Aljaeid BM. Superiority of TPGS-loaded micelles in the brain delivery of vinpocetine via administration of thermosensitive intranasal gel. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5555-5567. [PMID: 31413562 PMCID: PMC6662514 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s213086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vinpocetine (VPN) is a synthetic derivative of the Vinca minor alkaloids. The drug is characterized by a short half-life, limited water solubility and high hepatic first-pass effect. The objective was to develop different lipid-based nanocarriers (NCs) loaded into a thermosensitive in situ gelling (ISG) system to improve VPN bioavailability and brain targeting via intranasal (IN) delivery. Methods: Different lipid-based NCs were developed and characterized for vesicle size, zeta potential, VPN entrapment efficiency (EE) and morphological characterization using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The prepared NCs were loaded into ISG formulations and characterized for their mucoadhesive properties. Ex-vivo permeation and histological study of the nasal mucosa were conducted. Pharmacokinetic and brain tissue distribution were investigated and compared to a marketed VPN product following administration of a single dose to rats. Results: VPN-D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) micelles nano-formulation showed the smallest particle size, highest EE among the studied NCs. TEM images revealed an almost spherical shape for all the prepared NCs. Among the NCs studied, VPN-loaded TPGS micelles demonstrated the highest percent cumulative VPN ex vivo permeation. All the prepared ISG formulations revealed the presence of mucoadhesive properties and showed no signs of inflammation or necrosis upon histological examination. Rats administered IN VPN-loaded TPGS-micelles ISG showed superior VPN concentration in the brain tissue and significant high relative bioavailability when compared to that received raw VPN-loaded ISG and marketed drug oral tablets. VPN-D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) micelles nano-formulation showed the smallest particle size, highest EE among the studied NCs. TEM images revealed an almost spherical shape for all the prepared NCs. Among the NCs studied, VPN-loaded TPGS micelles demonstrated the highest percent cumulative VPN ex vivo permeation. All the prepared ISG formulations revealed the presence of mucoadhesive properties and showed no signs of inflammation or necrosis upon histological examination. Rats administered IN VPN-loaded TPGS-micelles ISG showed superior VPN concentration in the brain tissue and significant high relative bioavailability when compared to that received raw VPN-loaded ISG and marketed drug oral tablets. Conclusion: VPN-loaded TPGS-micelles ISG formulation is a successful brain drug delivery system with enhanced bioavailability for drugs with poor bioavailability and those that are frequently administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Khalid M El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Osama Aa Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Bader M Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al-Ali AAA, Nielsen RB, Steffansen B, Holm R, Nielsen CU. Nonionic surfactants modulate the transport activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and solute carriers (SLC): Relevance to oral drug absorption. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:410-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Fine-Shamir N, Dahan A. Methacrylate-Copolymer Eudragit EPO as a Solubility-Enabling Excipient for Anionic Drugs: Investigation of Drug Solubility, Intestinal Permeability, and Their Interplay. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2884-2891. [PMID: 31120762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the use of the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-copolymer Eudragit EPO (EPO) in oral solubility-enabling formulations for anionic lipophilic drugs, aiming to guide optional formulation design and maximize oral bioavailability. We have studied the solubility, the permeability, and their interplay, using the low-solubility nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug mefenamic acid as a model drug. Then, we studied the biorelevant solubility enhancement of mefenamic acid from EPO-based formulations throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), using the pH-dilution dissolution method. EPO allowed a profound and linear solubility increase of mefenamic acid, from 10 μg/mL without EPO to 9.41 mg/mL in the presence of 7.5% EPO (∼940-fold; 37 °C); however, a concomitant decrease of the drug permeability was obtained, both in vitro and in vivo in rats, indicating a solubility-permeability trade-off. In the absence of an excipient, the unstirred water layer (UWL) adjacent to the GI membrane was found to hinder the permeability of the drug, accounting for this UWL effect and revealing that the true membrane permeability allowed good prediction of the solubility-permeability trade-off as a function of EPO level using a direct relationship between the increased solubility afforded by a given EPO level and the consequent decreased permeability. Biorelevant dissolution studies revealed that EPO levels of 0.05 and 0.1% were insufficient to dissolve mefenamic acid dose during the entire dissolution time course, whereas 0.5 and 1% EPO allowed complete solubility with no drug precipitation. In conclusion, EPO may serve as a potent solubility-enabling excipient for BCS class II/IV acidic drugs; however, it should be used carefully. It is prudent to use the minimal EPO amounts just sufficient to dissolve the drug dose throughout the GIT and not more than that. Excess amounts of EPO provide no solubility gain and cause further permeability loss, jeopardizing the overall success of the formulation. This work may help the formulator to hit the optimal solubility-permeability balance, maximizing the oral bioavailability afforded by the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105 , Israel
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Ilyés K, Kovács NK, Balogh A, Borbás E, Farkas B, Casian T, Marosi G, Tomuță I, Nagy ZK. The applicability of pharmaceutical polymeric blends for the fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D technique: Material considerations-printability-process modulation, with consecutive effects on in vitro release, stability and degradation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:110-123. [PMID: 30610954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The three dimensional printing (3DP) in the pharmaceutical domain constitutes an alternative, innovative approach compared to the conventional production methods. Fused deposition modelling (FDM), is a simple, cost-effective 3DP technique, however the range of pharmaceutical excipients that can be applied for this methodology is restricted. The study set to define the requirements of the FDM printability, using as technical support custom made, pharmaceutical polymer based filaments and to evaluate if these new dosage forms can live up to the current GMP/GCP quality standards. Formulation rationale was assessed in accordance to the apparatus functionality. Blends were pre-screened based on the processability under the API (carvedilol) thermogravimetric analysis determined critical limit. The technological process implied the use of FDM coupled with hot melt extrusion (HME), while printability was defined by means of thermal, rheological and mechanical measurements. From the pharmaceutical standpoint, the consistency of the in vitro dissolution kinetics was monitored 'at release' and 'in stability', while the print process impact was evaluated based on the previously determined processability potential. Results showed that FDM printability is multifactorial, with brittleness and melt viscosity as primary limitation factors. The increase in shear-thinning and flexural modulus can enable broader processability intervals, which in turn proved to be essential in limiting degradation product formation. The 3DP tablets released the API in an extended rate, however the temperature and humidity along production and storage should be carefully considered as it may affect the final product quality in time. In conclusion, HME + FDM can be considered as an alternative production methodology, with prospects of applicability in the clinical sector, however for some formulations extensive packaging development will be necessary before confirming their suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Ilyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Norbert Krisztián Kovács
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - György Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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Wang J, Wang L, Li Y, Wang X, Tu P. Apically targeted oral micelles exhibit highly efficient intestinal uptake and oral absorption. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7997-8012. [PMID: 30538473 PMCID: PMC6263247 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s183796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polymeric micelles (PMs) hold promise for improving solubility and oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Unfortunately, the oral absorption of PMs is also limited by intestinal epithelium. To improve the oral delivery efficiency of micelles, transporter-mediated micelles could enhance the transport efficiency across the epithelial barrier, and they have attracted more attention. Methods Peptide transporter 1 (PepT1)-mediated micelles (Val-PMs/Phe-PMs) were designed by grafting valine (or phenylalanine) onto the surface of curcumin (Cur)-loaded-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate micelles (TP-PMs). The oral absorption mechanism and oral bioavailability were further investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results The cellular study showed that Val-PMs/Phe-PMs had a high PepT1 affinity, resulting in a higher drug uptake and transcellular transport than TP-PMs. In rats, Val-PMs/Phe-PMs exhibited higher intestinal accumulation in the apical side of the intestinal epithelium than TP-PMs, promoting drug diffusion across epithelial barrier. The oral bioavailability of Cur was significantly improved by Val-PMs/Phe-PMs, which was about 10.50- and 3.40-fold greater than that of Cur-Sol and TP-PMs, respectively. Conclusion PepT-1-mediated micelles, using PepT1 as a target on intestinal epithelium, have unique functions with intestine and prove promising for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,
| | - Ying Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,
| | - Pengfei Tu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China,
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Gou J, Liang Y, Miao L, Chao Y, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Tang X. The promoting effect of enteric materials on the oral absorption of larotaxel-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:288-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Markovic M, Ben‐Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Lipidic prodrug approach for improved oral drug delivery and therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:579-607. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Shimon Ben‐Shabat
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology, University of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
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Sheng X, Tang J, Bao J, Shi X, Su W. Enhancement of in vitro dissolution and in vivo performance/oral absorption of FEB-poloxamer-TPGS solid dispersion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wolk O, Markovic M, Porat D, Fine-Shamir N, Zur M, Beig A, Dahan A. Segmental-Dependent Intestinal Drug Permeability: Development and Model Validation of In Silico Predictions Guided by In Vivo Permeability Values. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:316-325. [PMID: 30055228 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to develop an in silico model that allows predicting segmental-dependent permeability throughout the small intestine (SI). In vivo permeability of 11 model drugs in 3 SI segments (jejunum, mid-SI, ileum) was studied in rats, creating a data set that reflects the conditions throughout the SI. Then, a predictive model was developed, combining physicochemical drug properties influencing the underlying mechanism of passive permeability: Log p, polar surface area, MW, H-bond count, and Log fu, with microenvironmental SI conditions. Excellent correlation was evident between the predicted and experimental data (R2 = 0.914), with similar predictability in each SI segment. Log p and Log fu were identified as the major determinants of permeability, with similar contribution. Total H-bond count was also a significant determinant, followed by polar surface area and MW. Leaving out any of the model parameters decreased its predictability. The model was validated against 5 external drugs, with excellent predictability. Notably, the model was able to predict the segmental-dependent permeability of all drugs showing this trend experimentally. Model predictability was better in the high-permeability versus low-permeability range. Overall, our approach of constructing a straightforward in silico model allowed reliable predictions of segmental-dependent intestinal permeability, providing new insights into relative effects of drug-related factors and gastrointestinal environment on permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Wolk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Avital Beig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Shen H, He D, Wang S, Ding P, Wang J, Ju J. Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics study of a novel genistein-loaded mixed micelles system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1536-1542. [PMID: 29848136 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1483384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Shen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan He
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinggang Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Polysorbate 20 alters the oral bioavailability of etoposide in wild type and mdr1a deficient Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:352-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Berben P, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M, Faller B, Flaten GE, Jacobsen AC, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. Drug permeability profiling using cell-free permeation tools: Overview and applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:219-233. [PMID: 29660464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free permeation systems are gaining interest in drug discovery and development as tools to obtain a reliable prediction of passive intestinal absorption without the disadvantages associated with cell- or tissue-based permeability profiling. Depending on the composition of the barrier, cell-free permeation systems are classified into two classes including (i) biomimetic barriers which are constructed from (phospho)lipids and (ii) non-biomimetic barriers containing dialysis membranes. This review provides an overview of the currently available cell-free permeation systems including Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA), Phospholipid Vesicle-based Permeation Assay (PVPA), Permeapad®, and artificial membrane based systems (e.g. the artificial membrane insert system (AMI-system)) in terms of their barrier composition as well as their predictive capacity in relation to well-characterized intestinal permeation systems. Given the potential loss of integrity of cell-based permeation barriers in the presence of food components or pharmaceutical excipients, the superior robustness of cell-free barriers makes them suitable for the combined dissolution/permeation evaluation of formulations. While cell-free permeation systems are mostly applied for exploring intestinal absorption, they can also be used to evaluate non-oral drug delivery by adjusting the composition of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Berben
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Bernard Faller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Ann-Christin Jacobsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Porat D, Dahan A. Active intestinal drug absorption and the solubility-permeability interplay. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:84-93. [PMID: 29102702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The solubility-permeability interplay deals with the question: what is the concomitant effect on the drug's apparent permeability when increasing the apparent solubility with a solubility-enabling formulation? The solubility and the permeability are closely related, exhibit certain interplay between them, and ongoing research throughout the past decade shows that treating the one irrespectively of the other may be insufficient. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the solubility-permeability interplay when using solubility-enabling formulations for oral lipophilic drugs, highlighting active permeability aspects. A solubility-enabling formulation may affect the permeability in opposite directions; the passive permeability may decrease as a result of the apparent solubility increase, according to the solubility-permeability tradeoff, but at the same time, certain components of the formulation may inhibit/saturate efflux transporters (when relevant), resulting in significant apparent permeability increase. In these cases, excipients with both solubilizing and e.g. P-gp inhibitory properties may lead to concomitant increase of both the solubility and the permeability. Intelligent development of such formulation will account for the simultaneous effects of the excipients' nature/concentrations on the two arms composing the overall permeability: the passive and the active arms. Overall, thorough mechanistic understanding of the various factors involved in the solubility-permeability interplay may allow developing better solubility-enabling formulations, thereby exploiting the advantages analyzed in this article, offering oral delivery solution even for BCS class IV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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