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Devinsky O, Jones NA, Cunningham MO, Jayasekera BAP, Devore S, Whalley BJ. Cannabinoid treatments in epilepsy and seizure disorders. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:591-649. [PMID: 37882730 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used to treat convulsions and other disorders since ancient times. In the last few decades, preclinical animal studies and clinical investigations have established the role of cannabidiol (CBD) in treating epilepsy and seizures and support potential therapeutic benefits for cannabinoids in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the role of cannabinoids in epilepsy. We briefly review the diverse physiological processes mediating the central nervous system response to cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, and terpenes. Next, we characterize the anti- and proconvulsive effects of cannabinoids from animal studies of acute seizures and chronic epileptogenesis. We then review the clinical literature on using cannabinoids to treat epilepsy, including anecdotal evidence and case studies as well as the more recent randomized controlled clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of CBD for some types of epilepsy. Overall, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and focus future research on unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Mark O Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Ashan P Jayasekera
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Devore
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Gotti C, Clementi F, Zoli M. Auxiliary protein and chaperone regulation of neuronal nicotinic receptor subtype expression and function. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107067. [PMID: 38218358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a family of pentameric, ligand-gated ion channels that are located on the surface of neurons and non-neuronal cells and have multiple physiological and pathophysiological functions. In order to reach the cell surface, many nAChR subtypes require the help of chaperone and/or auxiliary/accessory proteins for their assembly, trafficking, pharmacological modulation, and normal functioning in vivo. The use of powerful genome-wide cDNA screening has led to the identification and characterisation of the molecules and mechanisms that participate in the assembly and trafficking of receptor subtypes, including chaperone and auxiliary or accessory proteins. The aim of this review is to describe the latest findings concerning nAChR chaperones and auxiliary proteins and pharmacological chaperones, and how some of them control receptor biogenesis or regulate channel activation and pharmacology. Some auxiliary proteins are subtype selective, some regulate various subtypes, and some not only modulate nAChRs but also target other receptors and signalling pathways. We also discuss how changes in auxiliary proteins may be involved in nAChR dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
| | - Francesco Clementi
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (CfNN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Qi JY, Kang DY, Yu J, Zhang MZ. Suxiao Jiuxin Pills Prevent Ventricular Fibrillation from Inhibiting L-type Calcium Currents CaV1.2 in vivo and in vitro. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:108-118. [PMID: 36327050 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Suxiao Jiuxin Pills (SJP), a Chinese herbal remedy, is an anti-ventricular fibrillation (VF) agent. METHODS VF was induced by isoproterenolol (ISO) intraperitoneal injection followed by electrical pacing in mice and rabbits. The effects of SJP on the L-type calcium channel current (CaV1.2), voltage-dependent sodium channel current (INa), rapid and slow delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr and IKs, respectively) were studied by whole-cell patch-clamp method. Computer simulation was implemented to incorporate the experimental data of SJP effects on the CaV1.2 current into the action potential (AP) and pseudo-electrocardiography (pseudo-ECG) models. RESULTS SJP prevented VF induction and reduced VF durations significantly in mice and rabbits. Patch-clamp experiments revealed that SJP decreased the peak amplitude of the CaV1.2 current with a half maximal concentration (IC50) value of 16.9 mg/L (SJP-30 mg/L, -32.8 ± 6.1 pA; Verapamil, -16.2 ±1.8 pA; vs. control, -234.5 ±16.7 pA, P<0.01, respectively). The steady-state activation curve, inactivation curve, and the recovery from inactivation of the CaV1.2 current were not shifted significantly. Specifically, SJP did not altered INa, IKr, and IKs currents significantly (SJP vs. control, P>0.05). Computer simulation showed that SJP-reduced CaV1.2 current shortened the AP duration, transiting VF into sinus rhythm in pseudo-ECG. CONCLUSION SJP reduced VF via inhibiting the CaV1.2 current with in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies, which provide experimental basis for SJP anti-VF clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Qi
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Yuan Kang
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Animal Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min-Zhou Zhang
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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De Araújo ERL, Torres MF, Da Costa BMPA, Hamoy M, Sampaio LA, Barbas LAL. Electroencephalographic Response in Juvenile Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, Exposed to Short-Term Anaesthetic Baths with Geraniol and Citronellol. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010090. [PMID: 36671782 PMCID: PMC9855846 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of neuronal depression in juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, exposed to geraniol (GRL) and citronellol (CTL) in immersion baths. A total of 36 juveniles weighing 35.2 ± 9.4 g were used, organised into six experimental groups: I-control (clean water); II-ethanol (water containing the highest volume of ethanol used in the anaesthetic pre-dilution); III-GRL induction (70 µL·L-1); IV-CTL induction (90 µL·L-1); V-GRL recovery; VI-CTL recovery. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were performed for 300 s in each group. EEG tracings of the control and ethanol groups showed regular and similar activity. Upon exposure to the anaesthetics, irregularities were observed in the tracings showing neuronal excitability and increased amplitudes, mainly in the case of CTL. Overall, GRL-exposed fish showed depression of the central nervous system with low and regular tracings throughout induction, presenting a gradual recovery and stable tracings, which were consistent with an adequate general anaesthetic effect. On the other hand, fish exposed to CTL showed altered EEG activity during induction, that could be considered incompatible with an appropriate anaesthetic effect and smooth recovery, presenting high and irregular EEG tracing amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednara Ronise Lima De Araújo
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, CP 474, Rio Grande 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Torres
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Brenda Maria Pereira Alho Da Costa
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luís André Sampaio
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, CP 474, Rio Grande 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Luis André Luz Barbas
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Alhadyan SK, Sivaraman V, Onyenwoke RU. E-cigarette Flavors, Sensory Perception, and Evoked Responses. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2194-2209. [PMID: 36480683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemosensory experiences evoked by flavors encompass a number of unique sensations that include olfactory stimuli (smell), gustatory stimuli (taste, i.e., salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami (also known as "savoriness")), and chemesthesis (touch). As such, the responses evoked by flavors are complex and, as briefly stated above, involve multiple perceptive mechanisms. The practice of adding flavorings to tobacco products dates back to the 17th century but is likely much older. More recently, the electronic cigarette or "e-cigarette" and its accompanying flavored e-liquids emerged on to the global market. These new products contain no combustible tobacco but often contain large concentrations (reported from 0 to more than 50 mg/mL) of nicotine as well as numerous flavorings and/or flavor chemicals. At present, there are more than 400 e-cigarette brands available along with potentially >15,000 different/unique flavored products. However, surprisingly little is known about the flavors/flavor chemicals added to these products, which can account for >1% by weight of some e-liquids, and their resultant chemosensory experiences, and the US FDA has done relatively little, until recently, to regulate these products. This article will discuss e-cigarette flavors and flavor chemicals, their elicited responses, and their sensory effects in some detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha K Alhadyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Vijay Sivaraman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Rob U Onyenwoke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States.,Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
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Cahusac PM, Veermalla A. Effects of camphor and related compounds on slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the rat sinus hair follicle. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:114-119. [PMID: 35899231 PMCID: PMC9310123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Camphor is a popular compound for therapeutic and cosmetic use with a distinctive odour, and somatosensory warming and cooling properties. The mechanisms for its action remain unclear. Objective The current study examined the effects of two enantiomers of camphor and related monoterpenoid compounds on mechanoreceptors. Methods Extracellular recordings were made in an in vitro bath preparation. Camphor, borneol, eugenol, carveol, and thymol were tested on the neural activity of St I and St II slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the rat vibrissal hair follicle preparation. Results All compounds tested (0.5 – 2 mM bath concentrations) resulted in dose-dependent depression of spontaneous and mechanically evoked firing (dynamic and static phases). The mean latency of responses also increased. Both St I and St II were similarly affected, although (-)-camphor had a greater depressant effect on St II than on St I units. Differences were found across the different compounds for their effect on the dynamic and static phases. Thymol was found to have the greatest depressant effect on these phases. The broad spectrum TRP blocker ruthenium red did not reverse the depressant effects of camphor. The depressant effects of the compounds appeared similar to those obtained using the local anaesthetic lignocaine. The depressant effects of camphor and of lignocaine were partially reversed by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Conclusions The results question whether the depressant effects of camphor and related compounds act through TRP channels. Perhaps the use of more selective blockers may reveal the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds act.
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Wu X, Yu J, Tan B, Chen Z. Research progress on mechanism of Chinese Kaiqiao herbs in management of neuropathic pain. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:523-533. [PMID: 36581573 PMCID: PMC10264986 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese herbal medicine for Kaiqiao, such as borneol, musk, grassleaf sweetflag rhizome, storax and camphor, have been prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years and now are widely used for neuropathic pain, the main components of which are annular compounds. Studies have shown that their analgesic mechanisms include regulating the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid, N-methyl- D-aspartic acid and other receptors; regulating ion channel function; inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis; regulating neurotransmission and neuronal excitability; and participating in neuroprotection and neurological repair. It is suggested that the mechanisms of action of Kaiqiao herbs in central nervous system analgesia should be further explored; high-quality rapid screening of drug targets may be used, and the targeted agents using the characteristics of Kaiqiao herbs would be developed. This article reviews the research progress on the effect mechanism of traditional Kaiqiao herbs in the treatment of neuropathic pain to provide further research directions.
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Yoon J, Tak JH. Synergistic modes of interaction between the plant essential oils and the respiratory blocker chlorfenapyr. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105274. [PMID: 36464379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant essential oils are widely acknowledged for their insecticidal activities and synergistic interaction with conventional insecticides, but their insecticidal modes of action and the mechanism of synergy remain less understood. In this study, electrophysiological screenings on the larval central nervous system (CNS) of the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the housefly, Musca domestica, were conducted to identify the neurophysiological effects of the oils and their major constituents. Several oils changed the firing rate of the central motor neurons, and four oils were selected to determine their major active compounds. Eugenol and thymol (87.2% and 31.1% in clove bud and thyme oils, respectively) were inhibitory to the nerve firing rates of the CNS, and exhibited synergistic toxicity to the housefly when blended with a respiratory blocking pyrrole insecticide, chlorfenapyr. On the other hand, trans-cinnamaldehyde and terpinen-4-ol (74.6% and 52.0% in cinnamon and teatree oils) seemed excitatory to the nerves, and displayed antagonistic interaction to chlorfenapyr in their insecticidal activity. Chlorfenapyr led to ATP depletion in the insects, and the inhibitory compounds accelerated the process. On the other hand, nerve-excitatory compounds seemed to nullify the depletion. This was further confirmed with the two CNS-excitatory synthetic insecticides, permethrin and chlorpyrifos, that they exhibited antagonistic toxicity when mixed with chlorfenapyr. Meanwhile, the synergy between the inhibitory compounds and chlorfenapyr was diminished when ATP was artificially injected, indicating that the bioenergetic effects of neuroinhibitors are responsible for their synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Tak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Li Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Q, Zhang L. The distinctive role of menthol in pain and analgesia: Mechanisms, practices, and advances. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1006908. [PMID: 36277488 PMCID: PMC9580369 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1006908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol is an important flavoring additive that triggers a cooling sensation. Under physiological condition, low to moderate concentrations of menthol activate transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) in the primary nociceptors, such as dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion, generating a cooling sensation, whereas menthol at higher concentration could induce cold allodynia, and cold hyperalgesia mediated by TRPM8 sensitization. In addition, the paradoxical irritating properties of high concentrations of menthol is associated with its activation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1). Under pathological situation, menthol activates TRPM8 to attenuate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia following nerve injury or chemical stimuli. Recent reports have recapitulated the requirement of central group II/III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) with endogenous κ-opioid signaling pathways for menthol analgesia. Additionally, blockage of sodium channels and calcium influx is a determinant step after menthol exposure, suggesting the possibility of menthol for pain management. In this review, we will also discuss and summarize the advances in menthol-related drugs for pathological pain treatment in clinical trials, especially in neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, cancer pain and postoperative pain, with the aim to find the promising therapeutic candidates for the resolution of pain to better manage patients with pain in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Li
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Qing Li,
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Zhang,
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Hartley N, McLachlan CS. Aromas Influencing the GABAergic System. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082414. [PMID: 35458615 PMCID: PMC9026314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromas have a powerful influence in our everyday life and are known to exhibit an array of pharmacological properties, including anxiolytic, anti-stress, relaxing, and sedative effects. Numerous animal and human studies support the use of aromas and their constituents to reduce anxiety-related symptoms and/or behaviours. Although the exact mechanism of how these aromas exert their anxiolytic effects is not fully understood, the GABAergic system is thought to be primarily involved. The fragrance emitted from a number of plant essential oils has shown promise in recent studies in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission, with GABAA receptors being the primary therapeutic target. This review will explore the anxiolytic and sedative properties of aromas found in common beverages, such as coffee, tea, and whisky as well aromas found in food, spices, volatile organic compounds, and popular botanicals and their constituents. In doing so, this review will focus on these aromas and their influence on the GABAergic system and provide greater insight into viable anxiety treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Hartley
- Department of Naturopathy and Western Herbal Medicine, Health Faculty, Fortitude Valley Campus, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Craig S. McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Health Faculty, Surry Hills Campus, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
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Khumpirapang N, Suknuntha K, Wongrattanakamon P, Jiranusornkul S, Anuchapreeda S, Wellendorph P, Müllertz A, Rades T, Okonogi S. The Binding of Alpinia galanga Oil and Its Nanoemulsion to Mammal GABAA Receptors Using Rat Cortical Membranes and an In Silico Modeling Platform. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030650. [PMID: 35336025 PMCID: PMC8948626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The anesthetic effect of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has been reported. However, knowledge of its pathway in mammals is limited. In the present study, the binding of AGO and its key compounds, methyl eugenol, 1,8-cineole, and 4-allylphenyl acetate, to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in rat cortical membranes, was investigated using a [3H]muscimol binding assay and an in silico modeling platform. The results showed that only AGO and methyl eugenol displayed a positive modulation at the highest concentrations, whereas 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate were inactive. The result of AGO correlated well to the amount of methyl eugenol in AGO. Computational docking and dynamics simulations into the GABAA receptor complex model (PDB: 6X3T) showed the stable structure of the GABAA receptor–methyl eugenol complex with the lowest binding energy of −22.16 kcal/mol. This result shows that the anesthetic activity of AGO and methyl eugenol in mammals is associated with GABAA receptor modulation. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing 20% w/w AGO (NE-AGO) was formulated. NE-AGO showed a significant increase in specific [3H]muscimol binding, to 179% of the control, with an EC50 of 391 µg/mL. Intracellular studies show that normal human cells are highly tolerant to AGO and the nanoemulsion, indicating that NE-AGO may be useful for human anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Krit Suknuntha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Pathomwat Wongrattanakamon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.W.); (S.J.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5394-4311
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Arendt-Nielsen L, Carstens E, Proctor G, Boucher Y, Clavé P, Albin Nielsen K, Nielsen TA, Reeh PW. The Role of TRP Channels in Nicotinic Provoked Pain and Irritation from the Oral Cavity and Throat: Translating Animal Data to Humans. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1849-1860. [PMID: 35199839 PMCID: PMC9653082 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking-related diseases are estimated to kill more than 8 million people/year and most smokers are willing to stop smoking. The pharmacological approach to aid smoking cessation comprises nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and inhibitors of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which is activated by nicotine. Common side effects of oral NRT products include hiccoughs, gastrointestinal disturbances and, most notably, irritation, burning and pain in the mouth and throat, which are the most common reasons for premature discontinuation of NRT and termination of cessation efforts. Attempts to reduce the unwanted sensory side effects are warranted, and research discovering the most optimal masking procedures is urgently needed. This requires a firm mechanistic understanding of the neurobiology behind the activation of sensory nerves and their receptors by nicotine. The sensory nerves in the oral cavity and throat express the so-called transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are responsible for mediating the nicotine-evoked irritation, burning and pain sensations. Targeting the TRP channels is one way to modulate the unwanted sensory side effects. A variety of natural (Generally Recognized As Safe [GRAS]) compounds interact with the TRP channels, thus making them interesting candidates as safe additives to oral NRT products. The present narrative review will discuss (1) current evidence on how nicotine contributes to irritation, burning and pain in the oral cavity and throat, and (2) options to modulate these unwanted side-effects with the purpose of increasing adherence to NRT. Nicotine provokes irritation, burning and pain in the oral cavity and throat. Managing these side effects will ensure better compliance to oral NRT products and hence increase the success of smoking cessation. A specific class of sensory receptors (TRP channels) are involved in mediating nicotine's sensory side effects, making them to potential treatment targets. Many natural (Generally Recognized As Safe [GRAS]) compounds are potentially beneficial modulators of TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Corresponding Author: Lars Arendt-Nielsen PhD, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. Telephone: +45 99408831; E-mail:
| | - Earl Carstens
- Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Professor of Salivary Biology, King´s CollegeLondon, UK
| | - Yves Boucher
- Laboratory of Orofacial Neurobiology, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Pere Clavé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas A Nielsen
- Mech-Sense & Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Brosnan RJ, Ramos K, Aguiar AJDA, Cenani A, Knych HK. Anesthetic Pharmacology of the Mint Extracts L-Carvone and Methyl Salicylate. Pharmacology 2022; 107:167-178. [PMID: 35100605 DOI: 10.1159/000520762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbons with sufficient water solubility allosterically modulate anesthetic-sensitive ion channels. Mint extracts L-carvone and methyl salicylate water solubility exceeds modulation cutoff values for γ-amino butyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and type-2 voltage-gated sodium (Nav1.2) channels. We hypothesized that mint extracts modulate these channels at concentrations that anesthetize rats. METHODS Channels were expressed separately in frog oocytes and studied using 2-electrode voltage clamp techniques at drug concentrations up to 10 mM. Normalized current effects were fit to Hill equations. Mint compounds were formulated in a lipid emulsion and administered IV to rats. When unresponsive to the tail clamp, rats were exsanguinated, and plasma drug concentrations were measured. RESULTS Both mint compounds caused concentration-dependent inhibition of all channels except for methyl salicylate which inhibited GABAA receptors at low concentrations and potentiated at high concentrations. Plasma drug concentrations in anesthetized rats were 7.9 mM for L-carvone and 2.7 mM for methyl salicylate. This corresponded to ≥53% NMDA receptor inhibition and ≥78% Nav1.2 channel inhibition by both compounds and 30% potentiation of GABAA receptors by methyl salicylate. CONCLUSION L-Carvone and methyl salicylate allosterically modulate cell receptor targets important to molecular actions of conventional anesthetics at concentrations that also induce general anesthesia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Brosnan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Ramos
- Department of Animal Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Alessia Cenani
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather K Knych
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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l-Menthol increases extracellular dopamine and c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal striatum, and promotes ambulatory activity in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260713. [PMID: 34847183 PMCID: PMC8631625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to psychostimulants, the peripheral administration of menthol promotes mouse motor activity, and the neurotransmitter dopamine has been suggested to be involved in this effect. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of l-menthol on parts of the central nervous system that are involved in motor effects. The subcutaneous administration of l-menthol significantly increased the number of c-Fos-like immunoreactive nuclei in the dorsal striatum of the mice, and motor activity was promoted. It also increased the extracellular dopamine level in the dorsal striatum of the mice. These observations indicated that after subcutaneous administration, l-menthol enhances dopamine-mediated neurotransmission, and activates neuronal activity in the dorsal striatum, thereby promoting motor activity in mice.
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15
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Wang G. Ligand-stereoselective allosteric activation of cold-sensing TRPM8 channels by an H-bonded homochiral menthol dimer with head-to-head or head-to-tail. Chirality 2021; 33:783-796. [PMID: 34596287 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Both menthol and its analog WS-12 share the same hydrophobic intra-subunit binding pocket between a voltage-sensor-like domain and a TRP domain in a cold-sensing TRPM8 channel. However, unlike WS-12, menthol upregulates TRPM8 with a low efficacy but a high coefficient of a dose response at membrane hyperpolarization and with ligand stereoselectivity at membrane depolarization. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, this in silico research suggested that the ligand-stereoselective sequential cooperativity between two menthol molecules in the WS-12 pocket is required for allosteric activation of TRPM8. Furthermore, two H-bonded homochiral menthol dimers with both head-to-head and head-to-tail can compete for the WS-12 site via non-covalent interactions. Although both dimers can form an H-bonding network with a voltage sensor S4 to disrupt a S3-S4 salt bridge in the voltage-sensor-like domain to release a "parking brake," only one dimer may drive channel opening by pushing a "gas pedal" in the TRP domain away from the S6 gate against S4. In this way, the efficacy is decreased, but the cooperativity is increased for the menthol effect at membrane hyperpolarization. Therefore, this review may extend a new pathway for ligand-stereoselective allosteric regulation of other voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels by menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Drug Research and Development, Institute of Biophysical Medico-chemistry, Reno, NV, USA
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16
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Mulcahy MJ, Huard SM, Paulo JA, Wang JH, McKinney S, Marks MJ, Henderson BJ, Lester HA. Protein profiling in the habenula after chronic (-)-menthol exposure in mice. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1345-1358. [PMID: 34407206 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification of proteins that are altered following nicotine/tobacco exposure can facilitate and positively impact the investigation of related diseases. In this report, we investigated the effects of chronic (-)-menthol exposure in 14 murine brain regions for changes in total β2 subunit protein levels and changes in epibatidine binding levels using immunoblotting and radioligand binding assays. We identified the habenula as a region of interest due to the region's marked decreases in β2 subunit and nAChR levels in response to chronic (-)-menthol alone. Thus, we further examined the habenula, a brain region associated with both the reward and withdrawal components of addiction, for additional protein level alterations using mass spectrometry. A total of 552 proteins with altered levels were identified after chronic (-)-menthol exposure. Enriched in the proteins with altered levels after (-)-menthol exposure were proteins associated with signaling, immune systems, RNA regulation, and protein transport. The continuation and expansion of the brain region-specific protein profiling in response to (-)-menthol will provide a better understanding of how this common flavorant in tobacco and e-liquid products may affect addiction and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mulcahy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Stephanie M Huard
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan H Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Sheri McKinney
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Michael J Marks
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brandon J Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Henry A Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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17
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Cooper SY, Akers AT, Journigan VB, Henderson BJ. Novel Putative Positive Modulators of α4β2 nAChRs Potentiate Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior. Molecules 2021; 26:4793. [PMID: 34443380 PMCID: PMC8398432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The popular tobacco and e-cigarette chemical flavorant (-)-menthol acts as a nonselective, noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and contributes to multiple physiological effects that exacerbates nicotine addiction-related behavior. Menthol is classically known as a TRPM8 agonist; therefore, some have postulated that TRPM8 antagonists may be potential candidates for novel nicotine cessation pharmacotherapies. Here, we examine a novel class of TRPM8 antagonists for their ability to alter nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model of conditioned place preference. We found that these novel ligands enhanced nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model of conditioned place preference. To gain an understanding of the potential mechanism, we examined these ligands on mouse α4β2 nAChRs transiently transfected into neuroblastoma-2a cells. Using calcium flux assays, we determined that these ligands act as positive modulators (PMs) on α4β2 nAChRs. Due to α4β2 nAChRs' important role in nicotine dependence, as well as various neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, the identification of these ligands as α4β2 nAChR PMs is an important finding, and they may serve as novel molecular tools for future nAChR-related investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar Y. Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
| | - Austin T. Akers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
| | - Velvet Blair Journigan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Brandon J. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (S.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (V.B.J.)
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Henderson BJ, Cooper SY. Nicotine formulations impact reinforcement-related behaviors in a mouse model of vapor self-administration. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 224:108732. [PMID: 33930641 PMCID: PMC8180495 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) differ from combustible cigarettes given that nicotine-salt or nicotine-freebase may be used depending on the product. We have investigated how nicotine-salt and freebase formulations alter e-Vape® self-administration (EVSA) behavior and plasma cotinine levels in male and female mice. METHODS Adult C57/BL6 J mice were used in EVSA and assigned vaping e-liquids (50:50 PGVG, 6 mg/mL nicotine-freebase, or 6 mg/mL nicotine-salt). Mice were escalated on a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule in daily 2 h sessions and then transitioned to a FR3 to examine reinforcement-related behaviors. RESULTS Here we observed that mice assigned nicotine-salt exhibited increased EVSA on a FR3 schedule compared to nicotine-freebase. Additionally, mice assigned nicotine-salt exhibited higher plasma cotinine concentrations following delivery-controlled passive-inhalation sessions. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence nicotine-salt formulations may contribute to greater reinforcement-related behavior and highlight the need for further investigations regarding nicotine formulation in ENDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, 1700 3rd ave, Huntington, WV 25703, USA,Corresponding Author: Brandon J. Henderson, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University 1700 3rd Ave, 410 BBSC, Huntington, WV 25703 Phone: 304-696-7316
| | - Skylar Y. Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, 1700 3rd ave, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
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19
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Umezu T. Identification of novel target molecules of l-menthol. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07329. [PMID: 34195432 PMCID: PMC8237303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study used a binding assay to identify novel target biomolecules of l-menthol ([−]-menthol) that promote mouse ambulation. Among 88 different ligands to specific biomolecules examined, 0.1 mM l-menthol inhibited the binding of 13 ligands with relatively high inhibition rates. The assays showed that l-menthol acts on calcium channels, sodium channels, γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor, GABA transporter, dopamine transporter, dopamine D4 receptor, adenosine A2a receptor, α2A-adrenergic receptor, histamine H2 receptor, bombesin receptor, angiotensin AT1 receptor, vasopressin V2 receptor, and leukotriene B4 receptor over a similar concentration range. The inhibition constant (Ki) for l-menthol inhibition of binding of [3H]-WIN35,428 to the human recombinant dopamine transporter was 6.15 × 10−4 mol/L. The Ki for l-menthol inhibition of binding of [3H]-ethynylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB), a ligand of GABAA receptor picrotoxin site, was 2.88 × 10−4 mol/L. These results should aid future research by providing clues for investigating the mechanisms underlying l-menthol activities, including the ambulation-promoting effect. The present results suggest that the dopamine transporter, adenosine A2a receptor, dopamine D4 receptor, α2A-adrenergic receptor, and GABAA receptor are promising candidate molecules that are involved in the mechanisms underlying the psychostimulant-like effect of l-menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Umezu
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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20
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Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. Maternal Reproductive Toxicity of Some Essential Oils and Their Constituents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2380. [PMID: 33673548 PMCID: PMC7956842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though several plants can improve the female reproductive function, the use of herbs, herbal preparations, or essential oils during pregnancy is questionable. This review is focused on the effects of some essential oils and their constituents on the female reproductive system during pregnancy and on the development of the fetus. The major concerns include causing abortion, reproductive hormone modulation, maternal toxicity, teratogenicity, and embryo-fetotoxicity. This work summarizes the important studies on the reproductive effects of essential oil constituents anethole, apiole, citral, camphor, thymoquinone, trans-sabinyl acetate, methyl salicylate, thujone, pulegone, β-elemene, β-eudesmol, and costus lactone, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
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21
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Oshima T, Ito M. Sedative effects of l-menthol, d-camphor, phenylethyl alcohol, and geraniol. J Nat Med 2021; 75:319-325. [PMID: 33389551 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various essential oils from plants and fragrance components such as monoterpenes have been discovered to reduce spontaneous movements in mice; thus, it has been made clear that the odor itself has the sedative activity. In the present study, we examined the sedative activity of the odors of fragrance components added to eye drops; l-menthol, d-camphor, phenylethyl alcohol, and geraniol, which are often used as refreshers or preservatives. Each fragrance component was administered by the inhalation route to mice, and the sedative effects were evaluated using an open field test. The results showed that four components administered via inhalation to mice significantly decreased the amount of spontaneous motor activity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that all four components have a sedative effect. The optimal concentrations at which l-menthol, d-camphor, phenylethyl alcohol, and geraniol showed the highest sedative activity were 4 × 10-2 mg per cage, 4 × 10-4 mg per cage, 4 × 10-2 mg per cage, and both 4 × 10-4 and 4 × 10-2 mg per cage, respectively. The AUC graph of geraniol was represented as a W-shaped curve, suggesting that the sedative action of geraniol was biphasic. The present finding demonstrates a new perspective on a possible pharmacological property of eye drop additives used with no expected pharmacological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Oshima
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michiho Ito
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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22
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Pina LTS, Guimarães AG, Santos WBDR, Oliveira MA, Rabelo TK, Serafini MR. Monoterpenes as a perspective for the treatment of seizures: A Systematic Review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153422. [PMID: 33310306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy affects more than 65 million people worldwide. Treatment for epileptic seizures is ineffective and has many adverse effects. For this reason, the search for new therapeutic options capable of filling these limitations is necessary. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In this sense, natural products, such as monoterpenes, have been indicated as a new option to control neurological disorders such as epilepsy. STUDY DESIGN Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the monoterpenes that have anticonvulsive activity in animal models. METHODS The searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases in September, 2020 and compiled studies using monoterpenes as an alternative to seizure. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment using the Syrcle tool. RESULTS 51 articles that described the anticonvulsant activity of 35 monoterpenes were selected with action on the main pharmacological target, including GABAA receptors, glutamate, calcium channels, sodium and potassium. In addition, these compounds are capable of reducing neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress caused by seizure. CONCLUSION These compounds stand out as a promising alternative for acting through different pharmacological mechanisms, which may not only reduce seizure, but also promote neuroprotective effect by reducing toxicity in brain regions. However, further studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action and safety assessment of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lícia T S Pina
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Wagner B da R Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marlange A Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Miguel V, Sánchez-Borzone ME, Mariani ME, García DA. Modulation of membrane physical properties by natural insecticidal ketones. Biophys Chem 2020; 269:106526. [PMID: 33348175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of Mentha oil and its main components has been tested and established for various insects/pests. Several mint ketones have demonstrated to act on GABAA receptors (GABAA-R), a transmembrane channel target of several important insecticides whose activity can be modulated by surface-active compounds and by changes in the physical properties of the lipid membrane. In the present work, we analyze the capacity of monoterpenic ketones most commonly found in Mentha species, pulegone and menthone, to interact with DPPC membranes by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Langmuir monolayers. The experimental results indicate that the presence of menthone and pulegone in the subphase modify the interfacial characteristics of DPPC isotherms. The changes were reflected as expansion of the isotherms and disappearance or bringing forward of DPPC phase transition. MD simulation corroborate these results and indicate that both ketones are located at the region of the carbonyl group, at the interface with the acyl chains. Ketone intercalation between lipid molecules would induce an increasing intermolecular interaction, diminishing the film elasticity and causing an ordering effect. Our results suggest that the insecticidal activity of both ketones could involve their interaction with lipid molecules causing disturbance of the cell membrane as postulated for several larvicide compounds, or at least modulating the receptor surrounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Miguel
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M E Sánchez-Borzone
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M E Mariani
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D A García
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Nguyen PTT, Jang SH, Rijal S, Park SJ, Han SK. Inhibitory actions of borneol on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:433-440. [PMID: 32830150 PMCID: PMC7445480 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.5.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) is the first relay site for the orofacial nociceptive inputs via the thin myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C primary afferent fibers. Borneol, one of the valuable timehonored herbal ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, is a popular treatment for anxiety, anesthesia, and antinociception. However, to date, little is known as to how borneol acts on the SG neurons of the Vc. To close this gap, the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to elucidate the antinociceptive mechanism responding for the actions of borneol on the SG neurons of the Vc in mice. In the voltage-clamp mode, holding at -60 mV, the borneol-induced non-desensitizing inward currents were not affected by tetrodotoxin, a voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker, 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist and DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist. However, borneol-induced inward currents were partially decreased in the presence of picrotoxin, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist, or strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, and was almost suppressed in the presence of picrotoxin and strychnine. Though borneol did not show any effect on the glycine-induced inward currents, borneol enhanced GABA-mediated responses. Beside, borneol enhanced the GABA-induced hyperpolarization under the current-clamp mode. Altogether, we suggest that borneol contributes in part toward mediating the inhibitory GABA and glycine transmission on the SG neurons of the Vc and may serve as an herbal therapeutic for orofacial pain ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Thi Nguyen
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,Faculty of Odonto- Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam
| | - Seon Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Santosh Rijal
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Soo Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Turkheimer FE, Fagerholm ED, Vignando M, Dafflon J, Da Costa PF, Dazzan P, Leech R. A GABA Interneuron Deficit Model of the Art of Vincent van Gogh. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:685. [PMID: 32754073 PMCID: PMC7370815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vincent van Gogh was one of the most influential artists of the Western world, having shaped the post-impressionist art movement by shifting its boundaries forward into abstract expressionism. His distinctive style, which was not valued by the art-buying public during his lifetime, is nowadays one of the most sought after. However, despite the great deal of attention from academic and artistic circles, one important question remains open: was van Gogh's original style a visual manifestation distinct from his troubled mind, or was it in fact a by-product of an impairment that resulted from the psychiatric illness that marred his entire life? In this paper, we use a previously published multi-scale model of brain function to piece together a number of disparate observations about van Gogh's life and art. In particular, we first quantitatively analyze the brushwork of his large production of self-portraits using the image autocorrelation and demonstrate a strong association between the contrasts in the paintings, the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms, and his simultaneous use of absinthe-a strong liquor known to affect gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) alpha receptors. Secondly, we propose that van Gogh suffered from a defective function of parvalbumin interneurons, which seems likely given his family history of schizophrenia and his addiction to substances associated with GABA action. This could explain the need for the artist to increasingly amplify the contrasts in his brushwork as his disease progressed, as well as his tendency to merge esthetic and personal experiences into a new form of abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico E. Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Aghamiri H, Shafaroodi H, Asgarpanah J. Anticonvulsant Activity of Essential Oil From Leaves of Zhumeria majdae (Rech.) in Mice: The Role of GABA A Neurotransmission and the Nitric Oxide Pathway. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:785-797. [PMID: 32027449 PMCID: PMC7359939 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Zhumeria majdae Rech. (ZMEO) has been shown to have several beneficial effects in the clinic. In this work we examined the anticonvulsant activities of ZMEO in an experimental mouse model of seizure and aimed to identify any possible underlying mechanisms. ZMEO (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or diazepam, as the reference anticonvulsant drug (25, 50 and 100 µg/kg i.p.), were administered 60 minutes prior to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection (intravenously (i.v.) or i.p.) and changes in threshold, latency, and frequency of clonic seizure were examined. The PTZ i.p.-induced model of seizure was also applied for examining the protective effects of ZMEO pretreatment against PTZ-induced mortality. In some studies, the anticonvulsant effect of the combination of diazepam and ZMEO was also studied. The protective effects of ZMEO against hindlimb tonic extensions (HLTEs) were also examined by maximal electroshock (MES) seizure testing. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic mechanism and nitric oxide (NO) pathway involvement in anticonvulsant activity of ZMEO were assessed by pretreating animals with flumazenil, Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine, and L-arginine in a PTZ-induced model of seizure. Administration of 20 mg/kg ZMEO significantly increased chronic seizure threshold and latency while reducing frequency of convulsions and mortality in the PTZ-induced model. In the doses studied, ZMEO could not protect mice from HLTE and mortality induced by MES. Pretreatment with L-arginine and diazepam potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of ZMEO, whereas pretreatment with L-NAME, aminoguanidine, and flumazenil reversed anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activity of ZMEO may be mediated in part through a GABAergic mechanism and the NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Aghamiri
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Jinous Asgarpanah
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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Abstract
The inhibitory glycine receptor is a member of the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels. It is the principal mediator of rapid synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord and brainstem and plays an important role in the modulation of higher brain functions including vision, hearing, and pain signaling. Glycine receptor function is controlled by only a few agonists, while the number of antagonists and positive or biphasic modulators is steadily increasing. These modulators are important for the study of receptor activation and regulation and have found clinical interest as potential analgesics and anticonvulsants. High-resolution structures of the receptor have become available recently, adding to our understanding of structure-function relationships and revealing agonistic, inhibitory, and modulatory sites on the receptor protein. This Review presents an overview of compounds that activate, inhibit, or modulate glycine receptor function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Phytochemicals for Improving Aspects of Cognitive Function and Psychological State Potentially Relevant to Sports Performance. Sports Med 2020; 49:39-58. [PMID: 30671903 PMCID: PMC6445817 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-1007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Subjective alertness and optimal cognitive function, including in terms of attention, spatial/working memory and executive function, are intrinsic to peak performance in many sports. Consumption of a number of plant-derived ‘secondary metabolite’ phytochemicals can modulate these psychological parameters, although there is a paucity of evidence collected in a sporting context. The structural groups into which these phytochemicals fall—phenolics, terpenes and alkaloids—vary in terms of the ecological roles they play for the plant, their toxicity and the extent to which they exert direct effects on brain function. The phenolics, including polyphenols, play protective roles in the plant, and represent a natural, benign component of the human diet. Increased consumption has been shown to improve cardiovascular function and is associated with long-term brain health. However, whilst short-term supplementation with polyphenols has been shown to consistently modulate cerebral blood-flow parameters, evidence of direct effects on cognitive function and alertness/arousal is currently comparatively weak. Terpenes play both attractant and deterrent roles in the plant, and typically occur less frequently in the diet. Single doses of volatile monoterpenes derived from edible herbs such as sage (Salvia officinalis/lavandulaefolia) and peppermint (Mentha piperita), diterpene-rich Ginkgo biloba extracts and triterpene-containing extracts from plants such as ginseng (Panax ginseng/quinquefolius) and Bacopa monnieri have all been shown to enhance relevant aspects of cognitive function and alertness. The alkaloids play toxic defensive roles in the plant, including via interference with herbivore brain function. Whilst most alkaloids are inappropriate in a sporting context due to toxicity and legal status, evidence suggests that single doses of nicotine and caffeine may be able to enhance relevant aspects of cognitive function and/or alertness. However, their benefits may be confounded by habituation and withdrawal effects in the longer term. The efficacy of volatile terpenes, triterpene-rich extracts and products combining low doses of caffeine with other phytochemicals deserves more research attention.
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Hue O, Chabert C, Collado A, Hermand E. Menthol as an Adjuvant to Help Athletes Cope With a Tropical Climate: Tracks From Heat Experiments With Special Focus on Guadeloupe Investigations. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1360. [PMID: 31736782 PMCID: PMC6834771 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance and prolonged exercise are altered by hot climate. In hot and dry climate, thermoregulation processes, including evapotranspiration, normally maintain a relatively constant body core temperature. In hot and wet climate (usually called “tropical”), the decrease in evapotranspiration efficacy increases the sweating rate, which can rapidly induce severe hypohydration without efficiently reducing core temperature. The negative effects of tropical environment on long-duration exercise have been well documented, with clear demonstrations that they exceed the acclimation possibilities: both acclimated athletes and natives to tropical climate show impaired performances compared with that in neutral climate. New countermeasures, applicable during competitive events, are therefore needed to limit these negative effects. We studied the effects of several countermeasures in outdoor or natural tropical climates and noted that the easiest method to apply is cooling with cold (−1 to 3°C) beverage. Moreover, adding menthol increased the cold sensation induced by the beverage temperature, optimizing the positive effects on performance. We also demonstrated that efficient pre-cooling with cold menthol beverage requires drinking for 1 h instead of 30 min before the exercise. The optimal cooling method seems to be 1 h of cold + menthol pre-cooling ingestion followed by menthol + ice-slurry per-cooling. However, limitations should be noted: (1) the menthol concentration seems to be crucial, with positive effects for a 0.05% solution, whereas higher concentrations need to be explored; and (2) because it acts as a cold adjuvant without decreasing core temperature, menthol can lead to decreased thermoregulatory processes, thus inducing hyperthermia. Last, if menthol is added to cooling processes, athletes should first test them in training conditions for the maximal cooling effect to ensure optimal performance in competition in tropical climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Hue
- Laboratoire ACTES, UPRES-EA 3596, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Clovis Chabert
- Laboratoire ACTES, UPRES-EA 3596, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Aurélie Collado
- Laboratoire ACTES, UPRES-EA 3596, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Eric Hermand
- Laboratoire ACTES, UPRES-EA 3596, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
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Jankowska M, Lapied B, Jankowski W, Stankiewicz M. The unusual action of essential oil component, menthol, in potentiating the effect of the carbamate insecticide, bendiocarb. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 158:101-111. [PMID: 31378344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Standard chemical insecticides present mainly neurotoxic effects and are becoming less and less effective due to insects developing resistance to them. One of the innovative strategies to control insects pests is to find a way to increase the sensitivity of the target sites in the insect nervous system to the applied insecticides. In the presented research, we proposed menthol, a component of essential oils, as a factor increasing the effectiveness of bendiocarb, a carbamate insecticide. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potentiation of the bendiocarb effect by menthol. In toxicity tests performed on Periplaneta americana, menthol (0.1 μM) accelerated the lethal effect of bendiocarb, primarily in its low concentrations (lower than 0.05 mM). In the presence of menthol (1 and 0.1 μM), the ability of insects to turn back from its dorsal to the normal ventral side was significantly lower than with bendiocarb (1 μM) alone. We also evaluated the effectiveness of chemicals on the activity of the ventral nerve cord of the cockroach. In this preparation, bendiocarb (1 μM and higher concentrations) caused an irregular, spontaneous bursts of action potentials. The total nerve activity (including the response to stimulation and spontaneous firing) was much higher when bendiocarb was applied in the presence of menthol (1 μM). The effect of menthol was similar to the octopamine effect and was abolished by phentolamine, the octopamine receptor antagonist. Our results clearly indicated a strengthening effect of menthol on bendiocarb effectiveness; potentiation occurred through octopamine receptors activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jankowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Bruno Lapied
- Laboratoire SiFCIR UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, Université d'Angers, UFR Sciences, Angers, France
| | - Waldemar Jankowski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Solomon VR, Tallapragada VJ, Chebib M, Johnston G, Hanrahan JR. GABA allosteric modulators: An overview of recent developments in non-benzodiazepine modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:434-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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The Effects of Various Essential Oils on Epilepsy and Acute Seizure: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6216745. [PMID: 31239862 PMCID: PMC6556313 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6216745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many essential oils (EOs) have anticonvulsant activity and might benefit people with epilepsy. Lemongrass, lavender, clove, dill, and other EOs containing constituents such as asarone, carvone, citral, eugenol, or linalool are good candidates for evaluation as antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, some EOs have convulsant effects and may trigger seizures in both epileptic and healthy individuals. Internal use of EOs like sage, hyssop, rosemary, camphor, pennyroyal, eucalyptus, cedar, thuja, and fennel can cause epileptic seizures because they contain thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, or pinocamphone, which have been identified as convulsive agents. While more research is needed to confirm their mechanisms of action, it appears that the convulsant or anticonvulsant properties of essential oils are largely due to (1) their ability to modulate the GABAergic system of neurotransmission and (2) their capacity to alter ionic currents through ion channels. This review presents a systematic analysis of the current research on EOs and epilepsy, including human case studies, animal models, and in vitro studies.
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Abdelgaleil SAM, Badawy MEI, Mahmoud NF, Marei AESM. Acaricidal activity, biochemical effects and molecular docking of some monoterpenes against two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 156:105-115. [PMID: 31027569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Six natural monoterpenes (1,8-cineole, (-)-citronellal, limonene, α-pinene, pulegone and 4-terpineol) showed high acaricidal activity by fumigant and contact actions against adult females of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. The monoterpenes exhibited varying degrees of acaricidal potency using contact toxicity test after 24 and 48 h of treatment, where the LC50 values were <160 and 45 mg/L, respectively. In fumigation test, of these six monoterpenes, pulegone exhibited the highest toxicity (LC50 = 3.81 mg/L air), while (-)-citronellal had the lowest fumigant toxicity (LC50 = 15.20 mg/L air). All compounds had high inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and gama amino butyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) activities. Pulegone was the most AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 8.79 mg/L), while 4-terpineol revealed the lowest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 32.82 mg/L). However, limonene caused the highest inhibition of GABA-T (IC50 = 11.37 mg/L). The molecular docking studies revealed that the compounds displayed different binding interactions with the amino acid residues at the catalytic sites of AChE and GABA-T enzymes. Noncovalent interactions especially van der Waals, hydrogen bonding as well as hydrophobic was found between the compounds and the enzymes. A significant relationship was found between the docking score and the biological activity of monoterpenes compared to the standard acaricide pyridaben. In silico ADMET properties were also performed and displayed potential for the development of good acaricidal candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A M Abdelgaleil
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545 El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E I Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545 El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nabila F Mahmoud
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545 El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Salam M Marei
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545 El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
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Leijon SCM, Neves AF, Breza JM, Simon SA, Chaudhari N, Roper SD. Oral thermosensing by murine trigeminal neurons: modulation by capsaicin, menthol and mustard oil. J Physiol 2019; 597:2045-2061. [PMID: 30656684 DOI: 10.1113/jp277385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Orosensory thermal trigeminal afferent neurons respond to cool, warm, and nociceptive hot temperatures with the majority activated in the cool range. Many of these thermosensitive trigeminal orosensory afferent neurons also respond to capsaicin, menthol, and/or mustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate) at concentrations found in foods and spices. There is significant but incomplete overlap between afferent trigeminal neurons that respond to oral thermal stimulation and to the above chemesthetic compounds. Capsaicin sensitizes warm trigeminal thermoreceptors and orosensory nociceptors; menthol attenuates cool thermoresponses. ABSTRACT When consumed with foods, mint, mustard, and chili peppers generate pronounced oral thermosensations. Here we recorded responses in mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons to investigate interactions between thermal sensing and the active ingredients of these plants - menthol, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and capsaicin, respectively - at concentrations found in foods and commercial hygiene products. We carried out in vivo confocal calcium imaging of trigeminal ganglia in which neurons express GCaMP3 or GCAMP6s and recorded their responses to oral stimulation with thermal and the above chemesthetic stimuli. In the V3 (oral sensory) region of the ganglion, thermoreceptive neurons accounted for ∼10% of imaged neurons. We categorized them into three distinct classes: cool-responsive and warm-responsive thermosensors, and nociceptors (responsive only to temperatures ≥43-45 °C). Menthol, AITC, and capsaicin also elicited robust calcium responses that differed markedly in their latencies and durations. Most of the neurons that responded to these chemesthetic stimuli were also thermosensitive. Capsaicin and AITC increased the numbers of warm-responding neurons and shifted the nociceptor threshold to lower temperatures. Menthol attenuated the responses in all classes of thermoreceptors. Our data show that while individual neurons may respond to a narrow temperature range (or even bimodally), taken collectively, the population is able to report on graded changes of temperature. Our findings also substantiate an explanation for the thermal sensations experienced when one consumes pungent spices or mint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C M Leijon
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amanda F Neves
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joseph M Breza
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, 341J Science Complex, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Sidney A Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, and Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephen D Roper
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, and Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Al Kury LT, Mahgoub M, Howarth FC, Oz M. Natural Negative Allosteric Modulators of 5-HT₃ Receptors. Molecules 2018; 23:E3186. [PMID: 30513973 PMCID: PMC6321066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain the most common and devastating side-effects associated with cancer chemotherapy. In recent decades, several lines of research emphasize the importance of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3; serotonin) receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of CINV. 5-HT₃ receptors are members of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the rapid and transient membrane-depolarizing effect of 5-HT in the central and peripheral nervous system. These receptors play important roles in nausea and vomiting, as well as regulation of peristalsis and pain transmission. The development of antagonists for 5-HT₃ receptor dramatically improved the treatment of CINV in cancer patients. In fact, the most common use of 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists to date is the treatment of nausea and vomiting. In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency to use natural plant products as important therapeutic entities in the treatment of various diseases. In this article, we examined the results of earlier studies on the actions of natural compounds on the functional properties of 5-HT₃ receptors. It is likely that these natural modulators of 5-HT₃ receptors can be employed as lead structures for the synthesis of therapeutic agents for treating CINV in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, 144534 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed Mahgoub
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, 15551 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, 15551 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, 13060 Kuwait.
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Medeiros KAAL, Dos Santos JR, Melo TCDS, de Souza MF, Santos LDG, de Gois AM, Cintra RR, Lins LCRF, Ribeiro AM, Marchioro M. Depressant effect of geraniol on the central nervous system of rats: Behavior and ECoG power spectra. Biomed J 2018; 41:298-305. [PMID: 30580793 PMCID: PMC6306311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniol is a monoterpene alcohol that is derived from the essential oils of aromatic plants, with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This study characterized the effect of geraniol on behavior and brainwave patterns in rats. Male rats were submitted to administration of geraniol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). The hole board (HB) and open field (OF) tests were performed to evaluate anxiety and motor behavior, respectively. In addition, barbiturate-induced sleeping time (BIST) was used to analyze sedative effect. Finally, electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings were used to characterize brain-wave patterns. The results showed that geraniol treatment in rats decreased the distance traveled, rearing numbers and lead to increase in immobility time in HB and OF tests. In BIST test, geraniol treatment increased sleep duration but not sleep latency in the animals. Furthermore, geraniol-treated animals demonstrated an increase in the percentage of delta waves in the total spectrum power. Taken together, our results suggested that geraniol exerted a depressant effect on the central nervous system of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katty Anne A L Medeiros
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - José R Dos Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Cristina de S Melo
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Marina F de Souza
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Luciano de G Santos
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M de Gois
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Rachel R Cintra
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Cristina R F Lins
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Marchioro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
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Henderson BJ, Grant S, Chu BW, Shahoei R, Huard SM, Saladi SSM, Tajkhorshid E, Dougherty DA, Lester HA. Menthol Stereoisomers Exhibit Different Effects on α4β2 nAChR Upregulation and Dopamine Neuron Spontaneous Firing. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0465-18.2018. [PMID: 30627659 PMCID: PMC6325563 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0465-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol contributes to poor cessation rates among smokers, in part because menthol enhances nicotine reward and reinforcement. Mentholated tobacco products contain (-)-menthol and (+)-menthol, in varying proportions. We examined these two menthol stereoisomers for their ability to upregulate α4β2 nAChRs and to alter dopamine neuron firing frequency using long-term, low-dose (≤500 nm) exposure that is pharmacologically relevant to smoking. We found that (-)-menthol upregulates α4β2 nAChRs while (+)-menthol does not. We also found that (-)-menthol decreases dopamine neuron baseline firing and dopamine neuron excitability, while (+)-menthol exhibits no effect. We then examined both stereoisomers for their ability to inhibit α4β2 nAChR function at higher concentrations (>10 µm) using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. To probe for the potential binding site of menthol, we conducted flooding simulations and site-directed mutagenesis. We found that menthol likely binds to the 9´ position on the TM2 (transmembrane M2) helix. We found that menthol inhibition is dependent on the end-to-end distance of the side chain at the 9´ residue. Additionally, we have found that (-)-menthol is only modestly (∼25%) more potent than (+)-menthol at inhibiting wild-type α4β2 nAChRs and a series of L9´ mutant nAChRs. These data reveal that menthol exhibits a stereoselective effect on nAChRs and that the stereochemical effect is much greater for long-term, submicromolar exposure in mice than for acute, higher-level exposure. We hypothesize that of the two menthol stereoisomers, only (-)-menthol plays a role in enhancing nicotine reward through nAChRs on dopamine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Henderson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25703
| | - Stephen Grant
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Betty W. Chu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Rezvan Shahoei
- Department of Physics, National Institutes of Health Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Stephanie M. Huard
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Shyam S. M. Saladi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institutes of Health Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Dennis A. Dougherty
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Henry A. Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Yang MY, Khine AA, Liu JW, Cheng HC, Hu A, Chen HP, Shih TL. Resolution of isoborneol and its isomers by GC/MS to identify “synthetic” and “semi-synthetic” borneol products. Chirality 2018; 30:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yeh Yang
- Institute of Medical Science; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Aye Aye Khine
- Institute of Medical Science; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Tamkang University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Tamkang University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Anren Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Tzenge-Lien Shih
- Department of Chemistry; Tamkang University; New Taipei City Taiwan
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Volatile Terpenes and Brain Function: Investigation of the Cognitive and Mood Effects of Mentha × Piperita L. Essential Oil with In Vitro Properties Relevant to Central Nervous System Function. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081029. [PMID: 30087294 PMCID: PMC6116079 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracts of several members of the monoterpene-rich Lamiaceae sub-family Nepetoideae, including those from the Salvia (sage), Melissa (Lemon balm) and Rosmarinus (rosemary) genera, evince cognitive and mood effects in humans that are potentially related to their effects on cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. To date, despite promising in vitro properties, the cognitive and mood effects of the closely related Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Mentha piperita (peppermint) remain unexplored. This study therefore assessed the human cognitive/mood effects of the M. spicata/piperita essential oil with the most promising, brain-relevant in vitro properties according to pre-trial in vitro screening. Design: Organic spearmint and peppermint (Mentha spicata/piperita) essential oils were pre-screened for neurotransmitter receptor binding and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced cross-over study, 24 participants (mean age 25.2 years) consumed single doses of encapsulated placebo and 50 µL and 100 µL of the most promising essential oil (peppermint with nicotinic/GABAA receptor binding and AChE inhibitory properties, that increased calcium influx in a CAD cell neuronal model). Psychological functioning was assessed with mood scales and a range of standardised, cognitively demanding tasks pre-dose and at 1, 3 and 6 h post-dose. Results: The highest (100 µL) dose of essential oil improved performance on the cognitively demanding Rapid Visual Information Processing task (RVIP) at 1 h and 3 h post-dose and both doses attenuated fatigue and improved performance of the Serial 3 s subtraction task at 3 h post-dose. Conclusion: Peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil with high levels of menthol/menthone and characteristic in vitro cholinergic inhibitory, calcium regulatory and GABAA/nicotinic receptor binding properties, beneficially modulated performance on demanding cognitive tasks and attenuated the increase in mental fatigue associated with extended cognitive task performance in healthy adults. Future investigations should consider investigating higher doses.
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Çiçek SS. Structure-Dependent Activity of Natural GABA(A) Receptor Modulators. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071512. [PMID: 29932138 PMCID: PMC6100244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA(A) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels consisting of five subunits from eight subfamilies, each assembled in four hydrophobic transmembrane domains. This pentameric structure not only allows different receptor binding sites, but also various types of ligands, such as orthosteric agonists and antagonists, positive and negative allosteric modulators, as well as second-order modulators and non-competitive channel blockers. A fact, that is also displayed by the variety of chemical structures found for both, synthetic as well as nature-derived GABA(A)-receptor modulators. This review covers the literature for natural GABA(A)-receptor modulators until the end of 2017 and discusses their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Sezai Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Myrcia sylvatica essential oil mitigates molecular, biochemical and physiological alterations in Rhamdia quelen under different stress events associated to transport. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:150-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ho TJ, Hung CC, Shih TL, Yiin LM, Chen HP. Investigation of borneols sold in Taiwan by chiral gas chromatography. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:348-352. [PMID: 29389573 PMCID: PMC9332630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Borneol is a monoterpene that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. There are two different products sold in Taipei’s traditional Chinese medicine market, natural and chemically synthesized borneol. Chemically synthesized borneol contains four stereoisomers, (+)-isoborneol, (−)-isoborneol, (−)-borneol, and (+)-borneol. The ratio of these four isomers in chemically synthesized and natural borneol products was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A huge variation between these products is highlighted in this survey. The results suggest that the Food and Drug Administrations in Asian countries should establish a regulatory standard regarding the ratio of the four different borneol isomers in both natural and chemically synthesized borneol.
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Discrimination of Stereoisomers by Their Enantioselective Interactions with Chiral Cholesterol-Containing Membranes. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010049. [PMID: 29295605 PMCID: PMC5943951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrimination between enantiomers is an important subject in medicinal and biological chemistry because they exhibit markedly different bioactivity and toxicity. Although stereoisomers should vary in the mechanistic interactions with chiral targets, their discrimination associated with the mode of action on membrane lipids is scarce. The aim of this study is to reveal whether enantiomers selectively act on chiral lipid membranes. Different classes of stereoisomers were subjected at 5–200 μM to reactions with biomimetic phospholipid membranes containing ~40 mol % cholesterol to endow the lipid bilayers with chirality and their membrane interactions were comparatively evaluated by measuring fluorescence polarization. All of the tested compounds interacted with cholesterol-containing membranes to modify their physicochemical property with different potencies between enantiomers, correlating to those of their experimental and clinical effects. The rank order of membrane interactivity was reversed by changing cholesterol to C3-epimeric α-cholesterol. The same selectivity was also obtained from membranes prepared with 5α-cholestan-3β-ol and 5β-cholestan-3α-ol diastereomers. The opposite configuration allows molecules to interact with chiral sterol-containing membranes enantioselectively, and the specific β configuration of cholesterol’s 3-hydroxyl group is responsible for such selectivity. The enantioselective membrane interaction has medicinal implications for the characterization of the stereostructures with higher bioactivity and lower toxicity.
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Jankowska M, Rogalska J, Wyszkowska J, Stankiewicz M. Molecular Targets for Components of Essential Oils in the Insect Nervous System-A Review. Molecules 2017; 23:E34. [PMID: 29295521 PMCID: PMC5943938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are lipophilic secondary metabolites obtained from plants; terpenoids represent the main components of them. A lot of studies showed neurotoxic actions of EOs. In insects, they cause paralysis followed by death. This feature let us consider components of EOs as potential bioinsecticides. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the one of the most investigated mechanisms of action in EOs. However, EOs are rather weak inhibitors of AChE. Another proposed mechanism of EO action is a positive allosteric modulation of GABA receptors (GABArs). There are several papers that prove the potentiation of GABA effect on mammalian receptors induced by EOs. In contrast, there is lack of any data concerning the binding of EO components in insects GABArs. In insects, EOs act also via the octopaminergic system. Available data show that EOs can increase the level of both cAMP and calcium in nervous cells. Moreover, some EO components compete with octopamine in binding to its receptor. Electrophysiological experiments performed on Periplaneta americana have shown similarity in the action of EO components and octopamine. This suggests that EOs can modify neuron activity by octopamine receptors. A multitude of potential targets in the insect nervous system makes EO components interesting candidates for bio-insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jankowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Justyna Rogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wyszkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Chirality-Dependent Interaction of d- and l-Menthol with Biomembrane Models. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7040069. [PMID: 29244740 PMCID: PMC5746828 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chirality plays a vital role in biological membranes and has a significant effect depending on the type and arrangement of the isomer. Menthol has two typical chiral forms, d- and l-, which exhibit different behaviours. l-Menthol is known for its physiological effect on sensitivity (i.e. a cooling effect), whereas d-menthol causes skin irritation. Menthol molecules may affect not only the thermoreceptors on biomembranes, but also the membrane itself. Membrane heterogeneity (lipid rafts, phase separation) depends on lipid packing and acyl chain ordering. Our interest is to elaborate the chirality dependence of d- and l-menthol on membrane heterogeneity. We revealed physical differences between the two optical isomers of menthol on membrane heterogeneity by studying model membranes using nuclear magnetic resonance and microscopic observation.
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46
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Oz M, El Nebrisi EG, Yang KHS, Howarth FC, Al Kury LT. Cellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:472. [PMID: 28769802 PMCID: PMC5513973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Menthol belongs to monoterpene class of a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals found in plant-derived essential oils. Menthol is widely used in pharmaceuticals, confectionary, oral hygiene products, pesticides, cosmetics, and as a flavoring agent. In addition, menthol is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Recently, there has been renewed awareness in comprehending the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol. TRP channels have been demonstrated to mediate the cooling actions of menthol. There has been new evidence demonstrating that menthol can significantly influence the functional characteristics of a number of different kinds of ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, indicating that at least some of the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol can be mediated by alterations in cellular excitability. In this article, we examine the results of earlier studies on the actions of menthol with voltage and ligand-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - Eslam G El Nebrisi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keun-Hang S Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman UniversityOrange, CA, United States
| | - Frank C Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina T Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed UniversityAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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47
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Maleeva G, Peiretti F, Zhorov BS, Bregestovski P. Voltage-Dependent Inhibition of Glycine Receptor Channels by Niflumic Acid. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:125. [PMID: 28559795 PMCID: PMC5432571 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Niflumic acid (NFA) is a member of the fenamate class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This compound and its derivatives are used worldwide clinically for the relief of chronic and acute pain. NFA is also a commonly used blocker of voltage-gated chloride channels. Here we present evidence that NFA is an efficient blocker of chloride-permeable glycine receptors (GlyRs) with subunit heterogeneity of action. Using the whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp recordings and molecular modeling, we analyzed the action of NFA on homomeric α1ΔIns, α2B, α3L, and heteromeric α1β and α2β GlyRs expressed in CHO cells. NFA inhibited glycine-induced currents in a voltage-dependent manner and its blocking potency in α2 and α3 GlyRs was higher than that in α1 GlyR. The Woodhull analysis suggests that NFA blocks α1 and α2 GlyRs at the fractional electrical distances of 0.16 and 0.65 from the external membrane surface, respectively. Thus, NFA binding site in α1 GlyR is closer to the external part of the membrane, while in α2 GlyR it is significantly deeper in the pore. Mutation G254A at the cytoplasmic part of the α1 GlyR pore-lining TM2 helix (level 2') increased the NFA blocking potency, while incorporation of the β subunit did not have a significant effect. The Hill plot analysis suggests that α1 and α2 GlyRs are preferably blocked by two and one NFA molecules, respectively. Molecular modeling using Monte Carlo energy minimizations provides the structural rationale for the experimental data and proposes more than one interaction site along the pore where NFA can suppress the ion permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Maleeva
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.,Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of PhysiologyKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Franck Peiretti
- INSERM 1062, INRA 1260, NORT, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Piotr Bregestovski
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.,Department of Physiology, Kazan State Medical UniversityKazan, Russia
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48
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Curcumol allosterically modulates GABA(A) receptors in a manner distinct from benzodiazepines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46654. [PMID: 28436443 PMCID: PMC5402396 DOI: 10.1038/srep46654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory A type γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating various brain functions and represent an important molecular target in neurological and psychiatric diseases, necessitating the need for the discovery and development of novel modulators. Here, we show that a natural compound curcumol, acts as an allosteric enhancer of GABAARs in a manner distinct from benzodiazepines. Curcumol markedly facilitated GABA-activated currents and shifted the GABA concentration-response curve to the left in cultured hippocampal neurons. When co-applied with the classical benzodiazepine diazepam, curcumol further potentiated GABA-induced currents. In contrast, in the presence of a saturating concentration of menthol, a positive modulator for GABAAR, curcumol failed to further enhance GABA-induced currents, suggesting shared mechanisms underlying these two agents on GABAARs. Moreover, the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil did not alter the enhancement of GABA response by curcumol and menthol, but abolished that by DZP. Finally, mutations at the β2 or γ2 subunit predominantly eliminated modulation of recombinant GABAARs by curcumol and menthol, or diazepam, respectively. Curcumol may therefore exert its actions on GABAARs at sites distinct from benzodiazepine sites. These findings shed light on the future development of new therapeutics drugs targeting GABAARs.
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Thujone inhibits the function of α 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and impairs nicotine-induced memory enhancement in one-trial passive avoidance paradigm. Toxicology 2017; 384:23-32. [PMID: 28395994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of thujone, a major ingredient of absinthe, wormwood oil and some herbal medicines, were tested on the function of α7 subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine (α7 nACh) receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Thujone reversibly inhibited ACh (100μM)-induced currents with an IC50 value of 24.7μM. The effect of thujone was not dependent on the membrane potential and did not involve Ca2+-dependent Cl- channels expressed endogenously in oocytes. Inhibition by thujone was not reversed by increasing ACh concentrations. Moreover, specific binding of [125I] α-bungarotoxin was not altered by thujone. Further experiments in SH-EP1 cells expressing human α7 nACh receptor indicated that thujone suppressed choline induced Ca2+ transients in a concentration-dependent manner. In rat hippocampal CA3-dentate gyrus synapses, nicotine-induced enhancement of long-term potentiation was also inhibited by thujone. Furthermore, the results observed in in-vivo one-trial passive avoidance paradigm show that thujone (1.25mg/kg, i.p.) significantly impaired nicotine-induced enhancement of learning and memory in Wistar rats. Collectively, our results indicate that thujone inhibits the function of the α7-nACh receptor and impairs cellular and behavioral correlates of cholinergic modulation of learning and memory.
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50
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Biswas L, Harrison E, Gong Y, Avusula R, Lee J, Zhang M, Rousselle T, Lage J, Liu X. Enhancing effect of menthol on nicotine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3417-27. [PMID: 27473365 PMCID: PMC4990499 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tobacco smoking is a leading preventable cause of premature death in the USA. Menthol is a significant flavoring additive in tobacco products. Clinical evidence suggests that menthol may promote tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence. However, it is unclear whether menthol enhances the reinforcing actions of nicotine and thus facilitates nicotine consumption. This study employed a rat model of nicotine self-administration to examine the effects of menthol on nicotine-taking behavior. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in daily 1-h sessions to press a lever for intravenous nicotine self-administration under a fixed-ratio 5 schedule of reinforcement. In separate groups, rats self-administered nicotine at four different doses (0.0075, 0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/kg/infusion). Five minutes prior to the two test sessions, menthol (5 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered intraperitoneally in all rats in a counterbalanced design within each group. In separate rats that self-administered 0.015 mg/kg/infusion nicotine, menthol dose-response function was determined. Menthol was also tested on food self-administration. RESULTS An inverted U-shaped nicotine dose-response curve was observed. Menthol pretreatment shifted the nicotine dose-response curve to the left. The facilitating effect of menthol on the self-administration of 0.015 mg/kg/infusion nicotine was dose-dependent, whereas it produced similar effects at doses above the threshold of 2.5 mg/kg. Menthol tended to suppress the self-administration of food pellets. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that menthol enhances the reinforcing effects of nicotine, and the effect of menthol was specific to nicotine. The findings suggest that menthol directly facilitates nicotine consumption, thereby contributing to tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Biswas
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Erin Harrison
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Ramachandram Avusula
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Thomas Rousselle
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Janice Lage
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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