1
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Li TY, Liang WL, Zhao YM, Chen WD, Zhu HX, Duan YY, Zou HB, Huang SS, Li XJ, Zhang WK. Alpha-Pinene-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles diminished inflammatory responses in THP-1 cells and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin injury and splenomegaly in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390589. [PMID: 39534602 PMCID: PMC11554515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis, a persistent skin condition caused by the disorder of the immune system, impacts approximately 1.25 million individuals globally. Nevertheless, the presence of adverse effects in conventional clinical drugs necessitates further exploration of novel medications or combination therapies to mitigate these reactions and enhance their effectiveness. Methods Hence, our intention here in this paper is to utilize the lipid nanoparticle delivery system for overcoming the volatility and hydrophobic properties of α-pinene, a naturally occurring compound renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects, and further explore its potential pharmacological applications both in vitro and in vivo. Results The production of α-pinene lipid nanoparticles (APLNs) was achieved through the utilization of high pressure homogenization methods. APLNs was successfully fabricated with enhanced stability and water solubility. Meanwhile, the application of APLNs could drastically reduce the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation-related factors in THP-1 cells. Administration of APLNs to a mouse model of auricular swelling could effectively reduce redness and swelling in the auricles of mice as well. Furthermore, APLNs were also found to alleviate skin damage in mice with Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model, as well as decrease the levels of psoriasis-related protein nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23), and other inflammation-related cytokines. More importantly, utilization of APLNs successfully mitigated the systemic inflammatory reactions in mice, resulting in the reduction of spleen-to-body ratio (wt%) and of inflammatory cytokines' expression in the serum. Discussion Overall, our results suggest that with the help of lipid nanoparticle encapsulation, APLNs possess a better pharmacological effect in anti-inflammation and could potentially serve as an anti-psoriasis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Yu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan-Li Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Dong Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Bo Zou
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Kevin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Yoo EH, Lee JH. Cannabinoids and Their Receptors in Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16523. [PMID: 38003712 PMCID: PMC10672037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of cannabinoids has gained traction in recent years. Cannabinoids interact with the human endocannabinoid system in the skin. A large body of research indicates that cannabinoids could hold promise for the treatment of eczema, psoriasis, acne, pruritus, hair disorders, and skin cancer. However, most of the available data are at the preclinical stage. Comprehensive, large-scale, randomized, controlled clinical trials have not yet been fully conducted. In this article, we describe new findings in cannabinoid research and point out promising future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Ramer R, Hinz B. Cannabinoid Compounds as a Pharmacotherapeutic Option for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Skin Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:4102. [PMID: 36552866 PMCID: PMC9777118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be involved in various skin functions, such as melanogenesis and the maintenance of redox balance in skin cells exposed to UV radiation, as well as barrier functions, sebaceous gland activity, wound healing and the skin's immune response. In addition to the potential use of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer, cannabinoid compounds and derivatives are of interest as potential systemic and topical applications for the treatment of various inflammatory, fibrotic and pruritic skin conditions. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a therapeutic option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, asteatotic and atopic eczema, uraemic pruritis, scalp psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and venous leg ulcers. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential medicines for the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
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4
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A Review of Moisturizing Additives for Atopic Dermatitis. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, the most common form of eczema, is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition that occurs with dry skin, persistent itching, and scaly lesions. This debilitating condition significantly compromises the patient’s quality of life due to the intractable itching and other associated factors such as disfigurement, sleeping disturbances, and social stigmatization from the visible lesions. The treatment mainstay of atopic dermatitis involves applying topical glucocorticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, combined with regular use of moisturizers. However, conventional treatments possess a certain degree of adverse effects, which raised concerns among the patients resulting in non-adherence to treatment. Hence, the modern use of moisturizers to improve barrier repair and function is of great value. One of the approaches includes incorporating bioactive ingredients with clinically proven therapeutic benefits into dermocosmetics emollient. The current evidence suggests that these dermocosmetics emollients aid in the improvement of the skin barrier and alleviate inflammation, pruritus and xerosis. We carried out a critical and comprehensive narrative review of the literature. Studies and trials focusing on moisturizers that include phytochemicals, natural moisturizing factors, essential fatty acids, endocannabinoids, and antioxidants were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE). We introduce the current knowledge on the roles of moisturizers in alleviating symptoms of atopic dermatitis. We then further summarize the science and rationale of the active ingredients in dermocosmetics and medical device emollients for treating atopic dermatitis. Finally, we highlight the limitations of the current evidence and future perspectives of cosmeceutical research on atopic dermatitis.
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5
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El-Atawneh S, Goldblum A. Candidate Therapeutics by Screening for Multitargeting Ligands: Combining the CB2 Receptor With CB1, PPARγ and 5-HT4 Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:812745. [PMID: 35295337 PMCID: PMC8918518 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.812745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) has become a major target for treating many disease conditions. The old therapeutic paradigm of “one disease-one target-one drug” is being transformed to “complex disease-many targets-one drug.” Multitargeting, therefore, attracts much attention as a promising approach. We thus focus on designing single multitargeting agents (MTAs), which have many advantages over combined therapies. Using our ligand-based approach, the “Iterative Stochastic Elimination” (ISE) algorithm, we produce activity models of agonists and antagonists for desired therapeutic targets and anti-targets. These models are used for sequential virtual screening and scoring large libraries of molecules in order to pick top-scored candidates for testing in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we built activity models for CB2R and other targets for combinations that could be used for several indications. Those additional targets are the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4R). All these models have high statistical parameters and are reliable. Many more CB2R/CBIR agonists were found than combined CB2R agonists with CB1R antagonist activity (by 200 fold). CB2R agonism combined with PPARγ or 5-HT4R agonist activity may be used for treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Combining CB2R agonism with 5-HT4R generates more candidates (14,008) than combining CB2R agonism with agonists for the nuclear receptor PPARγ (374 candidates) from an initial set of ∼2.1 million molecules. Improved enrichment of true vs. false positives may be achieved by requiring a better ISE score cutoff or by performing docking. Those candidates can be purchased and tested experimentally to validate their activity. Further, we performed docking to CB2R structures and found lower statistical performance of the docking (“structure-based”) compared to ISE modeling (“ligand-based”). Therefore, ISE modeling may be a better starting point for molecular discovery than docking.
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6
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Wang Z, Guo K, Gao P, Pu Q, Li C, Hur J, Wu M. Repurposable drugs for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza sepsis with scRNA-seq data targeting post-transcription modifications. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 4:215-230. [PMID: 34993416 PMCID: PMC8694063 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted almost every part of human life worldwide, posing a massive threat to human health. The lack of time for new drug discovery and the urgent need for rapid disease control to reduce mortality have led to a search for quick and effective alternatives to novel therapeutics, for example drug repurposing. To identify potentially repurposable drugs, we employed a systematic approach to mine candidates from U.S. FDA-approved drugs and preclinical small-molecule compounds by integrating gene expression perturbation data for chemicals from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures project with a publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from patients with mild and severe COVID-19 (GEO: GSE145926, public data available and accessed on 22 April 2020). We identified 281 FDA-approved drugs that have the potential to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, 16 of which are currently undergoing clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy against COVID-19. We experimentally tested and demonstrated the inhibitory effects of tyrphostin-AG-1478 and brefeldin-a, two chemical inhibitors of glycosylation (a post-translational modification) on the replication of the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) virus influenza A virus as well as on the transcription and translation of host cell cytokines and their regulators (IFNs and ISGs). In conclusion, we have identified and experimentally validated repurposable anti-SARS-CoV-2 and IAV drugs using a systems biology approach, which may have the potential for treating these viral infections and their complications (sepsis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Changlong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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7
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Abstract
The public and health care providers are increasingly curious about the potential medical benefits of Cannabis. In vitro and in vivo studies of Cannabis have suggested it has favorable effects on regulating pain, pruritus, and inflammation, making it a potentially attractive therapeutic agent for many dermatologic conditions. The body of literature reporting on the role of cannabinoids in dermatology is in its infancy but growing. We review the current research, possible cutaneous adverse effects, and future directions for cannabinoids and their use in skin cancer, acne, psoriasis, pruritus, dermatitis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, cutaneous lupus erythematous, epidermolysis bullosa, pain, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Campbell Stewart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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8
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Baswan SM, Klosner AE, Glynn K, Rajgopal A, Malik K, Yim S, Stern N. Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) for Skin Health and Disorders. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:927-942. [PMID: 33335413 PMCID: PMC7736837 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s286411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Though there is limited research confirming the purported topical benefits of cannabinoids, it is certain that cutaneous biology is modulated by the human endocannabinoid system (ECS). Receptors from the ECS have been identified in the skin and systemic abuse of synthetic cannabinoids, and their analogs, have also been associated with the manifestation of dermatological disorders, indicating the effects of the ECS on cutaneous biology. In particular, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound from the cannabis plant, has garnered significant attention in recent years for its anecdotal therapeutic potential for various pathologies, including skin and cosmetic disorders. Though a body of preclinical evidence suggests topical application of CBD may be efficacious for some skin disorders, such as eczema, psoriasis, pruritis, and inflammatory conditions, confirmed clinical efficacy and elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully identified. This article provides an update on the advances in CBD research to date and the potential areas of future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir M Baswan
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Allison E Klosner
- Innovation and Science, Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, 90621, USA
| | - Kelly Glynn
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Arun Rajgopal
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Kausar Malik
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Sunghan Yim
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Nathan Stern
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
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9
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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Bíró T, Oláh A. Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System. Molecules 2019; 24:E918. [PMID: 30845666 PMCID: PMC6429381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- HCEMM Nonprofit Ltd., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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10
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Gentili M, Ronchetti S, Ricci E, Di Paola R, Gugliandolo E, Cuzzocrea S, Bereshchenko O, Migliorati G, Riccardi C. Selective CB2 inverse agonist JTE907 drives T cell differentiation towards a Treg cell phenotype and ameliorates inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:21-31. [PMID: 30552973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. CB2 is the cannabinoid receptor that is expressed primarily on hematopoietic cells and mediates the immunoregulatory functions of cannabinoids. In order to study the effect of JTE907, a selective/inverse agonist of CB2 with anti-inflammatory properties, on the differentiation of T cell subtypes, we used an in vitro system of Th lineage-specific differentiation of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes isolated from the mouse spleen. The results indicate that JTE907 was able to induce the differentiation of Th0 cells into the Treg cell phenotype, which was characterized by the expression of FoxP3, TGF-β and IL-10. P38 phosphorylation and STAT5A activation were found to mediate the signaling pathway triggered by JTE907 via the CB2 receptor in Th0 lymphocytes. In mice with DNBS-induced colitis, JTE907 treatment was able to induce an increase in the number of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in the lamina propria after 24 h of disease onset and reduce disease severity after 48 h. Further, longer JTE907 treatment resulted in less severe colitis even when administered orally, resulting in less body weight loss, reduction of the disease score, prevention of NF-κB activation, and reduction of the expression of adhesion molecules. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that specific signals delivered through the CB2 receptor can drive the immune response towards the Treg cell phenotype. Thus, ligands such as JTE907 may have use as potential therapeutic agents in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gentili
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Italy
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11
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The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:122-133. [PMID: 30138623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has a complex and very active structure that contributes to homeostasis and provides the first line defense against injury and infection. In the past few years it has become evident that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a relevant role in healthy and diseased skin. Specifically, we review how the dysregulation of ECS has been associated to dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma and skin cancer. Therefore, the druggability of the ECS could open new research avenues for the treatment of the pathologies mentioned. Numerous studies have reported that phytocannabinoids and their biological analogues modulate a complex network pharmacology involved in the modulation of ECS, focusing on classical cannabinoid receptors, transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The combined targeting of several end-points seems critical to provide better chances of therapeutically success, in sharp contrast to the one-disease-one-target dogma that permeates current drug discovery campaigns.
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12
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Franks LN, Ford BM, Fujiwara T, Zhao H, Prather PL. The tamoxifen derivative ridaifen-B is a high affinity selective CB 2 receptor inverse agonist exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:31-42. [PMID: 29906493 PMCID: PMC6487498 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) target estrogen receptors (ERs) to treat breast cancer and osteoporosis. Several SERMs exhibit anti-cancer activity not related to ERs. To discover novel anti-cancer drugs acting via ER-independent mechanisms, derivatives of the SERM tamoxifen, known as the "ridaifen" compounds, have been developed that exhibit reduced or no ER affinity, while maintaining cytotoxicity. Tamoxifen and other SERMs bind to cannabinoid receptors with moderate affinity. Therefore, ER-independent effects of SERMs might be mediated via cannabinoid receptors. This study determined whether RID-B, a first generation ridaifen compound, exhibits affinity and/or activity at CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors. RID-B binds with high affinity (Ki = 43.7 nM) and 17-fold selectivity to CB2 over CB1 receptors. RID-B acts as an inverse agonist at CB2 receptors, modulating G-protein and adenylyl cyclase activity with potency values predicted by CB2 affinity. Characteristic of an antagonist, RID-B co-incubation produces a parallel-rightward shift in the concentration-effect curve of CB2 agonist WIN-55,212-2 to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. CB2 inverse agonists are reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-ostoeclastogenic effects. In LPS-activated macrophages, RID-B exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing levels of nitric oxide (NO), IL-6 and IL-1α, but not TNFα. Only reduction of NO concentration by RID-B is mediated by cannabinoid receptors. RID-B also exhibits pronounced anti-osteoclastogenic effects, reducing the number of osteoclasts differentiating from primary bone marrow macrophages in a cannabinoid receptor-dependent manner. In summary, the tamoxifen derivative RID-B, developed with reduced affinity for ERs, is a high affinity selective CB2 inverse agonist with anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic properties.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- CHO Cells
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Pyrrolidines/metabolism
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/metabolism
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives
- Tamoxifen/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirit N Franks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ford
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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13
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Developing pyridazine-3-carboxamides to be CB2 agonists: The design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Shi C, Liu P, He Y, Liu Y, Feng X, Fu D. Drug-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres as treatment for allergic contact dermatitis in mice model. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911517690759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease and the current treatment always along with frequent medication and side effect. In this research, poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) microspheres encapsulating tacrolimus are first employed as a therapy of allergic contact dermatitis in mice model by subcutaneous injection. Allergic contact dermatitis is successfully induced in BALB/c mice by repeated painting of dinitrofluorobenzene on mice ear. Tacrolimus is efficiently encapsulated into poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) microspheres by emulsion evaporation method, and then the microspheres are subcutaneously injected into dermatitis-suffered BALB/c mice. We find that the dermatitis mice treated with tacrolimus-loaded microspheres get a sustained suppression on ear swelling, dermatitis index, inflammatory cell accumulation, and serum immunoglobulin E concentration. The curative effect of tacrolimus-loaded microspheres is similar to daily tacrolimus injection and is even better in the inhibition of ear swelling. Dermatitis mice treated with blank microspheres get no curative effect during the whole experiment. The data suggest that subcutaneous injection of drug-loaded microspheres could be a potential candidate for the management of allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yongwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, P.R. China
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15
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Salort G, Álvaro-Bartolomé M, García-Sevilla JA. Regulation of cannabinoid CB 2 receptor constitutive activity in vivo: repeated treatments with inverse agonists reverse the acute activation of JNK and associated apoptotic signaling in mouse brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:925-941. [PMID: 28127623 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE CB2 receptors express constitutive activity and inverse agonists regulate receptor basal activity, which might be involved in death mechanisms. This study assessed the effects of a selective CB2 agonist (JWH133) and different CB2 inverse agonists (AM630, JTE907, raloxifene) on death pathways in brain. OBJECTIVES The acute (JWH13) and the acute/chronic effects (AM630, JTE907, raloxifene) of CB2 ligands regulating pro-apoptotic c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK/JNK ratio) and associated signaling of extrinsic (Fas receptor, Fas-Associated death domain protein, FADD) and intrinsic (Bax, cytochrome c) death pathways (nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP) were investigated in mouse brain. METHODS Mice were treated with CB2 drugs and target protein contents were assessed by western blot analysis. RESULTS JWH133 reduced cortical JNK (-27-45%) whereas AM630 acutely increased JNK in cortex (+61-148%), cerebellum (+34-40%), and striatum (+33-42%). JTE907 and raloxifene also increased cortical JNK (+31%-57%). Acute AM630, but not JWH133, increased cortical FADD, Bax, cytochrome c, and PARP cleavage. Repeated treatments with the three CB2 inverse agonists were associated with a reversal of the acute effects resulting in decreases in cortical JNK (AM630: -36%; JTE907: -25%; raloxifene: -11%). Chronic treatments also induced a reversal with down-regulation (AM630) or only tolerance (JTE907 and raloxifene) on other apoptotic markers (FADD, Bax, cytochrome c, PARP). CONCLUSIONS AM630 and JTE907 are CB2 protean ligands. Thus, chronic inverse agonists abolished CB2 constitutive activity and then the ligands behaved as agonists reducing (like JWH133) JNK activity. Acute and chronic treatments with CB2 inverse agonists regulate in opposite directions brain death markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Salort
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS/IdisPa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Álvaro-Bartolomé
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS/IdisPa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS/IdisPa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. .,Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Transient Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Blockade during Immunization Heightens Intensity and Breadth of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses in Young and Aged mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42584. [PMID: 28209996 PMCID: PMC5314369 DOI: 10.1038/srep42584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of vaccines is their ability to prevent the spread of infectious pathogens and thereby serve as invaluable public health tool. Despite their medical relevance, there is a gap in our understanding of the physiological factors that mediate innate and adaptive immune response to vaccines. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a critical modulator of homeostasis in vertebrates. Our results indicate that macrophages and dendritic cells produce the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) upon antigen activation. We have also established that 2-AG levels are upregulated in the serum and in the lymph node of mice during vaccination. We hypothesized that the intrinsic release of eCBs from immune cells during activation by pathogenic antigens mitigate inflammation, but also suppress overall innate and adaptive immune response. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that transient administration of the cannabinoid receptor 2 antagonist AM630 (10 mg/kg) or inverse agonist JTE907 (3 mg/kg) during immunization heightens the intensity and breadth of antigen-specific immune responses in young and aged mice through the upregulation of immunomodulatory genes in secondary lymphoid tissues.
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17
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Han S, Zhang FF, Qian HY, Chen LL, Pu JB, Xie X, Chen JZ. Development of Quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones as Potent and Selective Ligands of the Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5751-69. [PMID: 26151231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) play crucial roles in inflammatory diseases. There has been considerable interest in developing potent and selective ligands for CB2R. In this study, quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione analogs have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their potencies and binding properties toward the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) and CB2R. C5- or C8-substituted quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones demonstrate CB2R agonist activity, while the C6- or C7-substituted analogs are antagonists of CB2R. In addition, oral administration of 21 dose-dependently alleviates the clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis and protects the central nervous system from immune damage. Furthermore, the interaction modes predicted by docking simulations and the 3D-QSAR model generated with CoMFA may offer guidance for further design and modification of CB2R modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- †College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhang
- ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- †College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- †College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian-Bin Pu
- †College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Xie
- ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- †College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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18
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Han S, Thatte J, Buzard DJ, Jones RM. Therapeutic Utility of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 (CB2) Selective Agonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8224-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4005626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangdon Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jayant Thatte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel J. Buzard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert M. Jones
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
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19
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Aghazadeh Tabrizi M, Baraldi PG, Saponaro G, Moorman AR, Romagnoli R, Preti D, Baraldi S, Ruggiero E, Tintori C, Tuccinardi T, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Varani K. Discovery of 7-oxopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides as potent and selective CB(2) cannabinoid receptor inverse agonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4482-96. [PMID: 23697626 DOI: 10.1021/jm400182t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently described the medicinal chemistry of a new series of heteroaryl-4-oxopyridine/7-oxopyrimidines as CB2 receptor partial agonists, showing that the functionality of these ligands is controlled by the nature of the heteroaryl function condensed with the pyridine ring. We describe herein the design and synthesis of the 7-oxopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides, structural isomers of our previously reported pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. All of the new compounds showed high affinity and selectivity for the CB2 receptor in the nanomolar range. In 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assays, the novel series shows stimulatory effects on forskolin-induced cAMP production acting as inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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20
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Kusakabe KI, Iso Y, Tada Y, Sakagami M, Morioka Y, Chomei N, Shinonome S, Kawamoto K, Takenaka H, Yasui K, Hamana H, Hanasaki K. Selective CB2 agonists with anti-pruritic activity: discovery of potent and orally available bicyclic 2-pyridones. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3154-63. [PMID: 23623258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The CB2 receptor has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of pruritus as well as pain without CB1-mediated side effects. We previously identified 2-pyridone derivatives 1 and 2 as potent CB2 agonists; however, this series of compounds was found to have unacceptable pharmacokinetic profiles with no significant effect in vivo. To improve these profiles, we performed further structural optimization of 1 and 2, which led to the discovery of bicyclic 2-pyridone 18e with improved CB2 affinity and selectivity over CB1. In a mouse pruritus model, 18e inhibited compound 48/80 induced scratching behavior at a dose of 100 mg/kg. In addition, the docking model of 18e with an active-state CB2 homology model indicated the structural basis of its high affinity and selectivity over CB1.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antipruritics/chemical synthesis
- Antipruritics/pharmacokinetics
- Antipruritics/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacokinetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacology
- CHO Cells
- Cricetulus
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Discovery
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Pruritus/drug therapy
- Pruritus/metabolism
- Pruritus/physiopathology
- Pyridones/chemical synthesis
- Pyridones/pharmacokinetics
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/chemistry
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/chemistry
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Kusakabe
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 11-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
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21
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Kim CH, Cheong KA, Park CD, Lee AY. Therapeutic Effects of Combination Using Glucosamine Plus Tacrolimus (FK-506) on The Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:471-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Tyagi P, Tyagi V, Yoshimura N, Chancellor M. Functional role of cannabinoid receptors in urinary bladder. Indian J Urol 2011; 26:26-35. [PMID: 20535281 PMCID: PMC2878434 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.60440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, the active components of Cannabis sativa (maijuana), and their derivatives produce a wide spectrum of central and peripheral effects, some of which may have clinical applications. The discovery of specific cannabinoid receptors and a family of endogenous ligands of those receptors has attracted much attention to the general cannabinoid pharmacology. In recent years, studies on the functional role of cannabinoid receptors in bladder have been motivated by the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on voiding dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients. In this review, we shall summarize the literature on the expression of cannabinoid receptors in urinary bladder and the peripheral influence of locally and systemically administered cannabinoids in the bladder. The ongoing search for cannabinoid-based therapeutic strategies devoid of psychotropic effects can be complemented with local delivery into bladder by the intravesical route. A greater understanding of the role of the peripheral CB1 and CB2 receptor system in lower urinary tract is necessary to allow the development of new treatment for pelvic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Tyagi
- Departments of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, MI, USA
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23
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Depletion of substance P, a mechanism for inhibition of mouse scratching behavior by tacrolimus. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 626:283-9. [PMID: 19818345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Itching is the most important problem in atopic dermatitis and tacrolimus has been suggested to attenuate the itching by topical application. However, the anti-itch mechanism of tacrolimus has not been well elucidated. In the present study, an allergic dermatitis accompanied by frequent scratching behaviors was induced by repeated paintings with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) acetone solution onto the mouse ear and the effects of tacrolimus and dexamethasone on the dermatitis and associated scratching behavior were comparatively examined. Repeated DNFB paintings caused a typical dermatitis accompanied by elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and frequent scratching behaviors. Both tacrolimus and dexamethasone given topically for 10 days before the final challenge significantly inhibited the ear swelling and reduced the expression of interferon-gamma mRNA. Dexamethasone inhibited the accumulation of eosinophils completely, although tacrolimus did not. Both drugs did not affect the elevation of serum IgE levels. Tacrolimus significantly inhibited the scratching behavior, whereas dexamethasone failed to affect it. Repeated DNFB challenge depleted substance P in the dermis. Treatment with tacrolimus before the final challenge completely inhibited the recovery of substance P content, whereas dexamethasone facilitated the recovery. DNFB-induced ear swelling and scratching behavior were significantly inhibited by FK888, a tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist. Therefore, substance P seems to participate in the induction of ear swelling and scratching behavior upon final challenge with DNFB, and depletion of substance P by tacrolimus in the dermis contributes to its inhibition of ear swelling and scratching behavior at least in part.
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24
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Manera C, Saccomanni G, Adinolfi B, Benetti V, Ligresti A, Cascio MG, Tuccinardi T, Lucchesi V, Martinelli A, Nieri P, Masini E, Di Marzo V, Ferrarini PL. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Properties of New 1,8-Naphthyridin-2(1H)-on-3-Carboxamide Derivatives as Highly Selective Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3644-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801563d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Manera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Giuseppe Saccomanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Barbara Adinolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Veronica Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Maria Grazia Cascio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Valentina Lucchesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Paola Nieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
| | - Pier Luigi Ferrarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy, and Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine,
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25
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Abstract
Pharmacological and biochemical investigations on the endocannabinoid system are facilitated by the availability of compounds which interact with its constituents in specific and understandable ways. This chapter describes the main representatives of several classes of chemicals employed as pharmacological tools in this field, focusing on small organic compounds having, where possible, a drug-like structure. Many compounds having different intrinsic activity and selectivity towards the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) CB₁ and CB₂ are now available and are currently employed in research protocols. Recently, allosteric ligands for CB₁ receptor and selective ligands for GPR55, a newly characterised GPCR, have also been described in the literature. As for compounds affecting endocannabinoid levels in living tissues, many classes of selective and, in some cases, drug-like inhibitors of FAAH are available, while only compounds with poor selectivity or in vivo activity are known to inhibit other enzymes involved in endocannabinoid catabolism, such as NAAA or MGL, and in endocannabinoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mor
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, viale G. P. Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, Parma, I-43100, Italy.
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Diaz P, Phatak SS, Xu J, Astruc-Diaz F, Cavasotto CN, Naguib M. 6-Methoxy-N-alkyl Isatin Acylhydrazone Derivatives as a Novel Series of Potent Selective Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Inverse Agonists: Design, Synthesis, and Binding Mode Prediction. J Med Chem 2008; 52:433-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801353p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Diaz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Unit 409, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 860B, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sharangdhar S. Phatak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Unit 409, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 860B, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jijun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Unit 409, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 860B, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Fanny Astruc-Diaz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Unit 409, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 860B, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Claudio N. Cavasotto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Unit 409, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 860B, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mohamed Naguib
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Unit 409, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, School of Health Information Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 860B, Houston, Texas 77030
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Lambert DM. Allergic contact dermatitis and the endocannabinoid system: from mechanisms to skin care. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:1701-2. [PMID: 17868162 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didier M Lambert
- Unité de Chimie pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Tallett AJ, Blundell JE, Rodgers RJ. Grooming, scratching and feeding: role of response competition in acute anorectic response to rimonabant in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 195:27-39. [PMID: 17639351 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although the CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant acutely suppresses food intake in rodents, the behavioural specificity of this effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To profile the behavioural effects of rimonabant in a free-feeding context. MATERIALS AND METHODS Videoanalysis was employed to characterise the effects of acute rimonabant (1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg, IP) on the behaviour of non-deprived male rats exposed to palatable mash. Data were also collected on post-treatment weight gain, and, as prolonged appetite suppression has been found after single dosing with compounds of this series, rats were reassessed (drug-free) for food intake 7 days after initial testing. RESULTS Both doses of rimonabant not only decreased mash consumption (44-55%) but also reduced 24-h weight gain. Although videoanalysis confirmed the inhibitory effects of rimonabant on feeding behaviour, it also revealed concurrent reductions in locomotion, rearing and sniffing as well as substantial (up to tenfold) and dose-dependent increases in grooming and scratching. Timecourse analyses further revealed that rimonabant dose-dependently induced frequent episodes of atypical scratching that waned over the test but which were succeeded by prolonged and behaviourally disruptive grooming. Finally, as groups did not differ in mash consumption on retest, any prolonged anorectic effect of acute rimonabant dissipates within 7 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The anorectic response to rimonabant in male rats would appear to be due largely to response competition. This parsimonious conclusion is supported by the less profound (although still significant) increases in scratching and grooming observed in rats treated with a sub-anorectic dose (0.5 mg/kg) of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Tallett
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Stern E, Muccioli GG, Bosier B, Hamtiaux L, Millet R, Poupaert JH, Hénichart JP, Depreux P, Goossens JF, Lambert DM. Pharmacomodulations around the 4-Oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides, a Class of Potent CB2-Selective Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands: Consequences in Receptor Affinity and Functionality. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5471-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jm070387h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stern
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Barbara Bosier
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Laurie Hamtiaux
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Régis Millet
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Jacques H. Poupaert
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hénichart
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Patrick Depreux
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Didier M. Lambert
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France, Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 avenue E. Mounier UCL-CMFA (7340), B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, EA 4034, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
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