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Roy S, Ghosh A, Majie A, Karmakar V, Das S, Dinda SC, Bose A, Gorain B. Terpenoids as potential phytoconstituent in the treatment of diabetes: From preclinical to clinical advancement. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155638. [PMID: 38728916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus, a hyperglycemic condition associated with multitudinous organ dysfunction, is a hallmark of the metabolic disorder. This life-threatening condition affects millions of individuals globally, harming them financially, physically and psychologically in the course of therapy. PURPOSES The course therapy for illnesses has undergone ground-breaking transformations due to recent technical advances and insights. Alternatively, the administration of hyperglycemia-reducing agents results in several complications, including severe cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, hepatic problems, and several dermatological conditions. Consideration of alternate diabetic therapy having minimal side effects or no adverse reactions has been driven by such problems. STUDY DESIGN An extensive literature study was conducted in authoritative scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify the studies elucidating the bioactivities of terpenoids in diabetic conditions. METHODS Keywords including 'terpenoids', 'monoterpenes', 'diterpenes', 'sesquiterpenes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'clinical trials', 'preclinical studies', and 'increased blood glucose' were used to identify the relevant research articles. The exclusion criteria, such as English language, duplication, open access, abstract only, and studies not involving preclinical and clinical research, were set. Based on these criteria, 937 relevant articles were selected for further evaluation. RESULTS Triterpenes can serve as therapeutic agents for diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney dysfunction by inhibiting several pathways linked to hyperglycemia and its complications. Therefore, it is essential to draw special attention to these compounds' therapeutic effectiveness and provide scientific professionals with novel data. CONCLUSION This study addressed recent progress in research focussing on mechanisms of terpenoid, its by-products, physiological actions, and therapeutic applications, particularly in diabetic and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Roy
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Subas Chandra Dinda
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirbandeep Bose
- School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Barbaria, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, India.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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Cui A, Li X, Ma X, Song Z, Wang X, Wang C, Xia Y. Quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals corosolic acid inhibiting bladder cancer via suppressing cell cycle and inducing mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 480:116749. [PMID: 37939859 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CA) is a plant-derived terpenoid compound with many health benefits. However, the anti-tumor effects of CA in bladder cancer remain unexplored. Here, we found that CA inhibited bladder tumor both in vitro and in vivo, and had no significant toxicity in mice. With the aid of transcriptomics and proteomics, we elucidated the regulatory network mechanism of CA inhibiting bladder cancer. Through cell viability detection, cell fluorescence staining and flow cytometry, we discovered that CA inhibited bladder cancer mainly through blocking cell cycle. Interestingly, CA played anticancer roles by distinct mechanisms at different concentrations: low concentrations (<7.0 μg/ml) of CA mainly inhibited DNA synthesis by downregulating TOP2A and LIG1, and diminished mitosis by downregulating CCNA2, CCNB1, CDC20, and RRM2; high concentrations (≥7.0 μg/ml) of CA induced cell death through triggering mitophagy via upregulating NBR1, TAXBP1, SQSTM1/P62, and UBB. CA, as a natural molecule of homology of medicine and food, is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cancer patients following clarifying its anti-cancer mechanism. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of CA inhibition in bladder cancer, which is helpful for the development of new anti-tumor drugs based on CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfang Cui
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Jining First People's Hospital, Jining 272106, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.
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Divyajanani S, Harithpriya K, Ganesan K, Ramkumar KM. Dietary Polyphenols Remodel DNA Methylation Patterns of NRF2 in Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3347. [PMID: 37571283 PMCID: PMC10420661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial in regulating cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. The NRF2 gene has been implicated in various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. NRF2 can be regulated genetically and epigenetically at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. Although DNA methylation is one of the critical biological processes vital for gene expression, sometimes, anomalous methylation patterns result in the dysregulation of genes and consequent diseases and disorders. Several studies have reported promoter hypermethylation downregulated NRF2 expression and its downstream targets. In contrast to the unalterable nature of genetic patterns, epigenetic changes can be reversed, opening up new possibilities in developing therapies for various metabolic disorders and diseases. This review discusses the current state of the NRF2-mediated antioxidative and chemopreventive activities of several natural phytochemicals, including sulforaphane, resveratrol, curcumin, luteolin, corosolic acid, apigenin, and most other compounds that have been found to activate NRF2. This epigenetic reversal of hypermethylated NRF2 states provides new opportunities for research into dietary phytochemistry that affects the human epigenome and the possibility for cutting-edge approaches to target NRF2-mediated signaling to prevent chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasaragavan Divyajanani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Kannan Harithpriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 3 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603210, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.D.); (K.H.)
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Reguigui A, Ott PG, Darcsi A, Bakonyi J, Romdhane M, Móricz ÁM. Nine-dimensional bioprofiles of Tunisian sages (Salvia officinalis, S. aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography - effect-directed analyses. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463704. [PMID: 36528897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate extracts of Tunisian Salvia aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca aerial parts and S. officinalis leaves were examined via bioanalytical profiling using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with nine bioactivity assays, namely antibacterial (Aliivibrio fischeri, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodococcus fascians), antifungal (Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Fusarium avenaceum), radical scavenging (DPPH•), and enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and lipase) ones. The screening, using toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol 6:3:0.5 (V/V/V) as a mobile phase, revealed five bioactive zones (a-e) that were analyzed by HPTLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Zones b and c, observed exclusively in S. officinalis, were active in all assays except α-glucosidase, and only c inhibited F. avenaceum. Compounds in these zones were identified by HPLC-high resolution tandem MS (LC-HRMS/MS) as rosmanol/epi-rosmanol and methyl carnosate, respectively. In the bioactive zones a and e, corosolic/maslinic acid and ursolic/oleanolic acid isomer pairs were present, which could be identified in all three Salvia species after their HPTLC separation using pre-chromatographic derivatization with iodine and MS detection. The triterpenes inhibited B. subtilis and R. fascians bacteria and α-glucosidase enzyme. Linoleic and linolenic acids were detected in zone d, which showed strong lipase inhibition in all three sage species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Reguigui
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary; Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Péter G Ott
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - András Darcsi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Department, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Szabolcs Str. 33, Budapest 1135, Hungary
| | - József Bakonyi
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - Mehrez Romdhane
- Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Ágnes M Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary.
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Zhou F, Ma J, Zhu Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Song H, Huo X, Zhang J. The role and potential mechanism of O-Glycosylation in gastrointestinal tumors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106420. [PMID: 36049664 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) that affects the function of proteins and regulates cell signaling, thereby regulating various biological processes. Protein oxygen-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation modifications are glycochemical modifications that occur within cells in the signal transduction and are frequently found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Due to the rapid and reversible addition and removal, O-GlcNAc modifications are able to reversibly compete with certain phosphorylation modifications, immediately regulate the activity of proteins, and participate in kinds of cellular metabolic and signal transduction pathways, playing a pivotal role in the regulation of tumors, diabetes, and other diseases. This article provided a brief overview of O-GlcNAc glycosylation modification, introduced its role in altering the progression and immune response regulation of gastrointestinal tumors, and discussed its potential use as a marker of tumor neogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feinan Zhou
- The department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases of Cadres Healthcare Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Jia Ma
- The First Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Yongfu Zhu
- The First Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Yehan Sun
- The First Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Youmou Chen
- The First Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Xingxing Huo
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province 230000, China.
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province 510799, China.
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Photosynthetic Parameters and Oxidative Stress during Acclimation of Crepe-Myrtle (Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.) in a meta-Topolin-Based Micropropagation System and Genetic Fidelity of Regenerated Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091163. [PMID: 35567164 PMCID: PMC9102070 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An improved and stable micropropagation system using the cytokinin, meta-Topolin (N6 (3-hydroxybenzylamino purine—mT), with nodal explants in Lagerstroemia speciosa L. was established. Among the different doses of mT, the maximum number of shoots with the highest shoot length was obtained using Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 µM mT. The results were consistent throughout the proliferation period, when recorded at week 4, 8, and 12 of being cultured, with an average of 16.4 shoots per nodal explant, and having a mean length of 4.10 cm at week 8. Shoot proliferation rates could be further improved by a combination of 5.0 µM mT with 0.5 µM α-naphthalene acetic acid in MS medium; nodal explants produced an average of 24.3 shoots with a mean length of 5.74 cm after 8 weeks of being cultured. Among the five different concentrations of three auxins tested for the rooting of microshoots in MS medium, a 1.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid treatment was the best, with an average of 10.3 roots per microshoot at an average length of 3.56 cm in 93% of microshoots within 4 weeks of being transferred to this medium. A significant reduction of both chlorophyll a and b in leaves during the first week of acclimation corresponded with a high accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDH), indicating that lipid peroxidation affected chlorophyll pigments. From the second week of acclimation, photosynthetic pigment content significantly increased and MDH content decreased. The net photosynthetic rate and leaf carotenoid content showed almost linear increases throughout the acclimation period. Activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases, consistently increased throughout the acclimation period, corresponding with the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, thus demonstrating the role of the improved antioxidant enzymatic defense system during acclimation. A comparison of parent plant DNA with that of the greenhouse acclimated plants using random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat markers showed a monomorphic pattern indicating genetic stability and the suitability of the method for micropropagation of L. speciosa.
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Yoon SY, Ahn D, Kim JK, Seo SO, Chung SJ. Nepetin Acts as a Multi-Targeting Inhibitor of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Relevant to Insulin Resistance. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100600. [PMID: 34725898 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are essential modulators of signal transduction pathways and has been implicated in many human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases, indicating that PTPs are next-generation drug targets. Since PTPN1, PTPN2, and PTPN11 have been reported to be negative regulators of insulin action, the identification of PTP inhibitors may be an effective strategy to develop therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we observed for the first time that nepetin inhibits the catalytic activity of PTPN1, PTPN2, and PTPN11 in vitro, indicating that nepetin acts as a multi-targeting inhibitor of PTPN1, PTPN2, and PTPN11. Furthermore, treatment of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 20 μM nepetin stimulates glucose uptake through AMPK activation. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that nepetin, a multi-targeting inhibitor of PTPN1, PTPN2, and PTPN11, could be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yoon
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju, 62396, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Ahn
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence and School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence and School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence and School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence and School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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López-Murillo LD, González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, Cortez-Navarrete M, Pérez-Rubio KG. Effect of Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion. J Med Food 2021; 25:177-182. [PMID: 34726501 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) on metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients with diagnosis of MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were evaluated. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin concentrations were measured every 30 min during 2 h after a 75-g dextrose load. Lipid profile was determined before and after the pharmacological intervention. Twelve patients received Banaba (500 mg) twice a day, before breakfast and dinner for 12 weeks. The remaining 12 patients received placebo at the same dosage. Body mass index, area under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, insulin sensitivity, total insulin secretion, and the first phase of insulin secretion were calculated. After Banaba administration, there were significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (121.5 ± 12.9 vs. 116.3 ± 9.8 mmHg, P = .050), FPG (5.9 ± 0.4 vs. 5.7 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = .034), triglycerides (TG) (2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 mmol/L, P = .021), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/L, P = .021), AUC of insulin (50,675 ± 14,309 vs. 37,983 ± 19,298 mmol/L, P = .017), and insulinogenic index (0.4 ± 0.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.2, P = .047). Eight patients (67%) of the Banaba group showed remission of MetS. In the placebo group, there was a downward trend toward statistical significance in the Stumvoll index (910.3 ± 514.1 vs. 651.0 ± 405.2, P = .062). Banaba administration leads to remission of MetS and a significant decrease in SBP, FPG, TG, VLDL, AUC of insulin, and total insulin secretion. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT02767869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D López-Murillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Manuel González-Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica para la Salud, SA de CV, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Abundis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica para la Salud, SA de CV, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Marisol Cortez-Navarrete
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Karina G Pérez-Rubio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica para la Salud, SA de CV, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Lee HJ, Cho HM, Park EJ, Lee BW, Nghiem DT, Pham HTT, Pan CH, Oh WK. Triterpenoid saponins from the leaves and stems of Pericampylus glaucus and their insulin mimetic activities. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105445. [PMID: 34717238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During an attempt to discover insulin mimetics, thirteen new triterpenoid saponins (1-13), including three phytolaccagenic acids (1, 2, and 12) and ten serjanic acids (3-11 and 13), as aglycones were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of leaves and stems from Pericampylus glaucus. The chemical structures of compounds 1-13 were determined through spectroscopic data analysis, including NMR, IR, and HRESIMS. All isolated compounds (1-13) were evaluated using 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a fluorescent-tagged glucose probe to determine their stimulatory effects on glucose uptake in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Consequently, four compounds (4, 7, 11, and 12) exhibited stimulatory effects on glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Trong Nghiem
- Department of Botany, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang C, Niu Y, Wang Z, Xu X, Li Y, Ma L, Wang J, Yu Y. Corosolic acid inhibits cancer progression by decreasing the level of CDK19-mediated O-GlcNAcylation in liver cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:889. [PMID: 34588426 PMCID: PMC8481254 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an important risk factor for liver cancer, but its mechanism is unknown. Corosolic acid (CA) has been proven to have both hypoglycemic and antitumor effects, so revealing the function of CA can help us understand the relationship between diabetes and liver cancer. In previous studies, we confirmed that CA can effectively inhibit the expression of YAP, an important oncoprotein in HCC cells, and the proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, we also found that O-GlcNAcylation plays an indispensable role in HCC tumorigenesis. However, it is not clear whether CA can inhibit the effect of O-GlcNAcylation on HCC cells. In this study, the antitumor ability of CA was investigated by inhibiting the O-GlcNAcylation level and its corresponding mechanism. The results showed that HG (high glucose) could promote the proliferation of liver cancer cells, while CA could inhibit cell growth under HG conditions and tumor growth in a xenotransplantation model. CA can inhibit the activation of the HBP pathway and reduce the expression of YAP and OGT under HG conditions. Importantly, we found that CA can reduce YAP expression and O-GlcNAcylation by inhibiting the activity of CDK19. Overexpression of CDK19 partially reversed the CA-induced decrease in YAP and O-GlcNAcylation. This is the first evidence that CA can reduce the proliferative capacity of cells with high glucose levels and further inhibit tumor growth by inactivating the CDK19/YAP/O-GlcNAcylation pathway, suggesting that CA is a candidate drug for the development of treatments against diabetes-associated liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200071, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Niu
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200071, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhixian Wang
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200071, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200071, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200071, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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11
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Ursolic Acid and Related Analogues: Triterpenoids with Broad Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081161. [PMID: 34439409 PMCID: PMC8388988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a well-studied natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in herbs, fruit and a number of traditional Chinese medicinal plants. UA has a broad range of biological activities and numerous potential health benefits. In this review, we summarize the current data on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of UA and review the literature on the biological activities of UA and its closest analogues in the context of inflammation, metabolic diseases, including liver and kidney diseases, obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. We end with a brief overview of UA’s main analogues with a special focus on a newly discovered naturally occurring analogue with intriguing biological properties and potential health benefits, 23-hydroxy ursolic acid.
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12
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Ansari N, Yadav DS, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. The impact of elevated ozone on growth, secondary metabolites, production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in an anti-diabetic plant Costus pictus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:597-610. [PMID: 33648624 DOI: 10.1071/fp20324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a global air pollutant that causes deleterious effect to the plants. The present objective was to investigate the growth response, foliar injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and metabolites production in Costus pictus D. Don (insulin plant) at two developmental stages under ambient O3 (AO) and ambient + 20 ppb O3 (EO) using the open-top chambers (OTCs). A significant reduction in leaf area and total biomass was observed under EO as compared with AO. EO induced ROS (.O2- and H2O2) and lipid peroxidation led to more significant foliar injury and solute leakage. Image obtained from the fluorescence microscope and biochemical estimations reflected high levels of ROS under EO. A differential response in flavonoids and anthocyanin content, ascorbic acid, and antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) has been observed with the growth stages of C. pictus plant. EO exposure negatively affected thiols and protein contents at all the growth stages. Secondary metabolites (tannins, lignin, saponins and alkaloids) were increased in both leaves and rhizomes due to EO, whereas phytosterols were induced only in rhizomes. Apart from other metabolites, the key bioactive compound (corosolic acid) showed its synthesis to be stimulated under EO at later growth stage. The study concludes that O3 is a potent stimulating factor for changing the levels of secondary metabolites and antioxidants in an antidiabetic C. pictus plants as it can alter its medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ansari
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Durgesh S Yadav
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shashi B Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India; and Corresponding author.
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13
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Rosenzweig T, Sampson SR. Activation of Insulin Signaling by Botanical Products. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084193. [PMID: 33919569 PMCID: PMC8073144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide health problem, ranked as one of the leading causes for severe morbidity and premature mortality in modern society. Management of blood glucose is of major importance in order to limit the severe outcomes of the disease. However, despite the impressive success in the development of new antidiabetic drugs, almost no progress has been achieved with regard to the development of novel insulin-sensitizing agents. As insulin resistance is the most eminent factor in the patho-etiology of T2D, it is not surprising that an alarming number of patients still fail to meet glycemic goals. Owing to its wealth of chemical structures, the plant kingdom is considered as an inventory of compounds exerting various bioactivities, which might be used as a basis for the development of novel medications for various pathologies. Antidiabetic activity is found in over 400 plant species, and is attributable to varying mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, relatively limited evidence exists regarding phytochemicals directly activating insulin signaling, which is the focus of this review. Here, we will list plants and phytochemicals that have been found to improve insulin sensitivity by activation of the insulin signaling cascade, and will describe the active constituents and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanford R. Sampson
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot and Faculty of Life Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
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14
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Gutiérrez G, Valencia LM, Giraldo-Dávila D, Combariza MY, Galeano E, Balcazar N, Panay AJ, Jerez AM, Montoya G. Pentacyclic Triterpene Profile and Its Biosynthetic Pathway in Cecropia telenitida as a Prospective Dietary Supplement. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041064. [PMID: 33670502 PMCID: PMC7922737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising research over the past decades has shown that some types of pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) are associated with the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially those found in foods. The most abundant edible sources of PTs are those belonging to the ursane and oleanane scaffold. The principal finding is that Cecropia telenitida contains abundant oleanane and ursane PT types with similar oxygenation patterns to those found in food matrices. We studied the compositional profile of a rich PT fraction (DE16-R) and carried out a viability test over different cell lines. The biosynthetic pathway connected to the isolated PTs in C. telenitida offers a specific medicinal benefit related to the modulation of T2D. This current study suggests that this plant can assemble isobaric, positional isomers or epimeric PT. Ursane or oleanane scaffolds with the same oxygenation pattern are always shared by the PTs in C. telenitida, as demonstrated by its biosynthetic pathway. Local communities have long used this plant in traditional medicine, and humans have consumed ursane and oleanane PTs in fruits since ancient times, two key points we believe useful in considering the medicinal benefits of C. telenitida and explaining how a group of molecules sharing a closely related scaffold can express effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia; (G.G.); (L.M.V.)
| | - Laura Marcela Valencia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia; (G.G.); (L.M.V.)
| | - Deisy Giraldo-Dávila
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.G.-D.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Marianny Y. Combariza
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.G.-D.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Elkin Galeano
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-21, Laboratorio 2-131, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Norman Balcazar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D Nº 62-29, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
- GENMOL Group, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52-59, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Aram J. Panay
- Independent Researcher, Calle 28 # 86-70 Apt 712, Cali 760031, Colombia;
| | - Alejandra Maria Jerez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia;
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia; (G.G.); (L.M.V.)
- Center for Specialized and Biotechnological Natural Ingredients (CINEB), School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-317-331-3187
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15
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in diabetes: causes and therapeutic opportunities. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:310-321. [PMID: 33590390 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have an emerging paradigm for the development of antidiabetic drugs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relevance of PTPs to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the therapeutic opportunities thereof, while critically evaluating the potential challenges for PTP inhibitors to be next generation antidiabetics. This review briefly discusses the structure and function of PTPs. An account of importance and relevance of PTPs in various human diseases is presented with special attention to diabetes. The PTPs relevant to T2D have been targeted by small molecule inhibitors such as natural products and synthetic compounds as well as antisense nucleic acids. This review will give better understanding of the important concepts helpful in outlining the strategies for the development of new therapeutic agents with promising antidiabetic activities.
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16
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Harley BK, Dickson RA, Amponsah IK, Ben IO, Adongo DW, Fleischer TC, Habtemariam S. Flavanols and triterpenoids from Myrianthus arboreus ameliorate hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats possibly via glucose uptake enhancement and α-amylase inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110847. [PMID: 33068933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myrianthus arboreus is use traditionally as an antidiabetic agent in Ghana. We reported the in vivo antidiabetic activity of its 70 % ethanol stem bark extract (MAB) which we found to be strongly concentrated in its EtOAc fraction using glucose uptake and enzyme inhibitory assays. The present study sought to investigate the in vivo hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of this ethyl acetate fraction of MAB (MAB-EtOAc, 50 and 100 mg/kg) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 21 days, isolate and evaluate the bioactive constituents responsible for the antidiabetic activity. In silico pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the most active compound was also determined. MAB-EtOAc significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the blood glucose levels while normalizing considerably the altered serum lipid parameters of the diabetic rats which was comparable to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). Chemical investigation of MAB-EtOAc led to the isolation of seven known compounds including three flavanols which are reported for the first time in the plant: epicatechin (1), epigallocatechin (2), dulcisflavan (3), euscaphic acid (4), tormentic acid (5), sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6) and arjunolic acid (7). The compounds markedly inhibited the action of α-amylase and, except for 4 and 6, which stimulated considerably glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. Compounds 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 which were further evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats demonstrated hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activities which, however, were not comparable with MAB-EtOAc. Compound 3, the most active compound was predicted to be non-toxic, non-mutagenic, has reasonable oral bioavailability and a decent substrate for further drug development. The findings of this study show that the isolated compounds may contribute to the antidiabetic activity of M. arboreus and could serve as marker compounds for the quality control of herbal medicines that would be made from the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kingsley Harley
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Rita Akosua Dickson
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kingsley Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Inemesit Okon Ben
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Donatus Wewura Adongo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Theophilus Christian Fleischer
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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17
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Zhou Y, Lv X, Chen M, Guo Y, Ding R, Liu B, Deng X, Wang J. Characterization of Corosolic Acid as a KPC-2 Inhibitor That Increases the Susceptibility of KPC-2-Positive Bacteria to Carbapenems. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1047. [PMID: 32733256 PMCID: PMC7363806 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of KPC-producing Gram-negative bacteria in clinical practice highlights the need to search for novel antimicrobials and new anti-infection strategies. In this study, we constructed a laboratory KPC-2-positive strain, E. coli BL21(DE3) (pET28a-KPC-2) and identified the activity of KPC-2 in this strain. Using enzyme inhibition assays, checkerboard MIC assays, growth curves, time-killing assays and combined disk test, we found that the natural compound corosolic acid (CA) significantly inhibited the activity of the class A β-lactamase KPC-2, which is common among clinical isolates. CA treatment increased the antibacterial or bactericidal activity of imipenem and meropenem against E. coli BL21(DE3) (pET28a-KPC-2) in vitro (FIC index = 0.17 ± 0.03 for both carbapenems). In addition, the mouse intraperitoneal infection model confirmed that the combination therapy significantly reduced the bacterial load in the livers and spleens following subcutaneous administration. Our results showed that CA can be used to extend the life of carbapenems, providing a viable strategy for severe infections caused by KPC-2-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meishan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Jilin Institute for Food Control, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Gutiérrez G, Giraldo-Dávila D, Combariza MY, Holzgrabe U, Tabares-Guevara JH, Ramírez-Pineda JR, Acín S, Muñoz DL, Montoya G, Balcazar N. Serjanic Acid Improves Immunometabolic Markers in a Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. Molecules 2020; 25:E1486. [PMID: 32218297 PMCID: PMC7181135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts from Cecropia genus have been used by Latin-American traditional medicine to treat metabolic disorders and diabetes. Previous reports have shown that roots of Cecropia telenitida that contains serjanic acid as one of the most prominent and representative pentacyclic triterpenes. The study aimed to isolate serjanic acid and evaluate its effect in a prediabetic murine model by oral administration. A semi-pilot scale extraction was established and serjanic acid purification was followed using direct MALDI-TOF analysis. A diet induced obesity mouse model was used to determine the impact of serjanic acid over selected immunometabolic markers. Mice treated with serjanic acid showed decreased levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerols, increased blood insulin levels, decreased fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. At transcriptional level, the reduction of inflammation markers related to adipocyte differentiation is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gutiérrez
- Natural Sciences School, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Universidad Icesi, 760031 Cali, Colombia;
| | - Deisy Giraldo-Dávila
- School of Chemistry, Industrial University of Santander, 680003 Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia; (D.G.-D.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Marianny Y. Combariza
- School of Chemistry, Industrial University of Santander, 680003 Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia; (D.G.-D.); (M.Y.C.)
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Jorge Humberto Tabares-Guevara
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.H.T.-G.); (J.R.R.-P.)
| | - José Robinson Ramírez-Pineda
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.H.T.-G.); (J.R.R.-P.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D Nº 62–29, 050010 Medellin, Colombia;
| | - Sergio Acín
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D Nº 62–29, 050010 Medellin, Colombia;
- GENMOL Group. Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52–59, 050010 Medellín, Colombia;
| | - Diana Lorena Muñoz
- GENMOL Group. Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52–59, 050010 Medellín, Colombia;
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Natural Sciences School, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Universidad Icesi, 760031 Cali, Colombia;
| | - Norman Balcazar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D Nº 62–29, 050010 Medellin, Colombia;
- GENMOL Group. Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 # 52–59, 050010 Medellín, Colombia;
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19
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Ni M, Pan J, Hu X, Gong D, Zhang G. Inhibitory effect of corosolic acid on α-glucosidase: kinetics, interaction mechanism, and molecular simulation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5881-5889. [PMID: 31206698 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suppression of α-glucosidase activity to retard glucose absorption is an important therapy for type-2 diabetes. Corosolic acid (CRA) is a potential antidiabetic component in many plant-based foods and herbs. In this study, the interplay mechanism between α-glucosidase and corosolic acid was investigated by several methods, including three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and molecular simulation. RESULTS Corosolic acid significantly inhibited α-glucosidase reversibly in an uncompetitive manner and its IC50 value was 1.35 × 10-5 mol L-1 . A combination of CRA with myricetin exerted a weak synergy against α-glucosidase. The intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching course and the binding constant was 3.47 × 103 L mol-1 at 298 K. The binding of CRA to α-glucosidase was mainly driven by hydrophobic forces and resulted in a partial extension of the protein polypeptide chain with a loss of α-helix content. The molecular simulation illustrated that CRA bound to the entrance part of the active center of α-glucosidase and interacted with the amino acid residues Ser157, Arg442, Phe303, Arg315, Tyr158, and Gln353, which could hinder the release of substrate and catalytic reaction product, eventually suppressing the catalytic activity of α-glucosidase. CONCLUSIONS These results may suggest new insights into corosolic acid from food sources as a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor that could better control diabetes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Biomedicine, New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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20
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Xu S, Wang G, Peng W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ge Y, Jing Y, Gong Z. Corosolic acid isolated from Eriobotrya japonica leaves reduces glucose level in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, zebrafish and rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4388. [PMID: 30867526 PMCID: PMC6416347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with high morbidity and mortality is characterized by abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism due in part to insulin resistance in liver, which lead to elevated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. This study sough to explore the effects of corosolic acid (CA) in different T2D models and explored the underlying mechanism. Separated from Eriobotrya japonica leaves, CA purity was above 95% measured by a HPLC method. Compared with cAMP and DEX induced T2D HepG2 model, CA significantly stimulated glucose consumption and improved glycogen accumulation by inhibiting PEPCK mRNA expression. And in cAMP and DEX induced T2D zebrafish model, CA reduced glycogen degradation and increased glucose consumption by regulating some key enzymes in carbon metabolism including GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, LDHA, LDHB, GP, G6Pase, GYS1, and PFKFB3. In addition, insulin receptor signals were also involved in CA-regulated hypoglycemic action. Furthermore, in STZ-induced T2D rat model, compared with diabetic control groups, CA remarkably downregulated the levels of serum lipid, blood glucose, ICAM-1, malonaldehyde and insulin resistance index, while upregulated SOD activity and impaired glucose tolerance. In a conclusion, CA can regulate glucose and lipid metabolic adaptation in T2D like HepG2, zebrafish and rat models partly through reducing inflammation and oxidative stress and suppressing PEPCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Xu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Department of Scientific Research Management, Anhui Academy of Science and Technology, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandi Xu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ge
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Fang ZJ, Shen SN, Wang JM, Wu YJ, Zhou CX, Mo JX, Lin LG, Gan LS. Triterpenoids from Cyclocarya paliurus that Enhance Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010187. [PMID: 30621331 PMCID: PMC6337507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four previously undescribed compounds, including three rarely occurring seco-dammarane triterpenoid glycosides and a pentacyclic triterpenic acid, were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Juglandaceae), along with eleven known triterpenoids. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS, as well as chemical methods. Among them, several triterpenoids enhanced insulin stimulated glucose uptake in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, compound 1 dose-dependently increased glucose uptake through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p38 pathway. Collectively, triterpenoids from C. paliurus could be developed as insulin sensitizers, which might have therapeutic potential for insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chang-Xin Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Xia Mo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Li-She Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 291 Fucheng Road, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Ma B, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhao A, Zhu Z, Bao X, Sun Y, Li L, Zhang Q. Corosolic acid, a natural triterpenoid, induces ER stress-dependent apoptosis in human castration resistant prostate cancer cells via activation of IRE-1/JNK, PERK/CHOP and TRIB3. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:210. [PMID: 30176898 PMCID: PMC6122202 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The development of potent non-toxic chemotherapeutic drugs against castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a major challenge. Corosolic acid (CA), a natural triterpenoid, has anti-cancer activity with limited side effects. However, CA anti-prostate cancer activities and mechanisms, particularly in CRPC, are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated CA anti-tumor ability against human CRPC and its mechanism of action. Methods The cell apoptosis and proliferation effects were evaluated via MTT detection, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. Western blot, gene transfection and immunofluorescence assay were applied to investigate related protein expression of Endoplasmic reticulum stress. A xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the inhibitory effect of CA on castration resistant prostate cancer in vivo. Results The results showed that CA inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell (PCa) line PC-3 and DU145, as well as retarded tumor growth in a xenograft model, exerting a limited toxicity to normal cells and tissues. Importantly, CA activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated two pro-apoptotic signaling pathways, as evidenced by increased protein levels of typical ER stress markers including IRE-1/ASK1/JNK and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP. IRE-1, PERK or CHOP knockdown partially attenuated CA cytotoxicity against PCa cells. Meanwhile, CHOP induced expression increased Tribbles 3 (TRIB3) level, which lead to AKT inactivation and PCa cell death. CHOP silencing resulted in PCa cells sensitive to CA-induced apoptosis. Conclusion Our data demonstrated, for the first time, that CA might represent a novel drug candidate for the development of an anti-CRPC therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0889-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Sharmin T, Rahman MS, Mohammadi H. Investigation of biological activities of the flowers of Lagerstroemia speciosa, the Jarul flower of Bangladesh. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:231. [PMID: 30081877 PMCID: PMC6080514 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Family: Lythraceae) is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of diarrhea, diabetes and other diseases. The study was performed to conduct antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, peripheral and central analgesic and hypoglycemic activity assays and phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time test using crude methanol extract of flowers of L. speciosa and its different partitionates. METHOD The antioxidant potential was evaluated by determining the ability of the samples to scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The cytotoxic potential was examined following the procedures of brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Thrombolytic potential was assayed using streptokinase as standard. The samples were subjected to membrane stabilizing activity assay under heat induced condition. Antimicrobial potential was observed by disc diffusion method. The ability of the extract to inhibit writhing induced by acetic acid was determined in peripheral analgesic activity assay. The extract was also tested for central analgesic and hypoglycemic activities by tail flicking and tail tipping methods in Swiss albino mice model, respectively. CNS depressant activity was evaluated by an assay in which sleep was induced in mice using phenobarbitone sodium. RESULTS The chloroform soluble fraction of L. speciosa extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 4.20 ± 0.41 μg/ml) while the most prominent cytotoxic potency was showed by hexane soluble fraction (LC50 = 2.00 ± 0.31 μg/ml). Among the test samples, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction induced clot lysis (64.80 ± 0.27%) and prevented heat induced haemolysis (41.90 ± 0.10%) to the maximum extent. The largest zone of inhibition (19.0 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, was also observed for the same fraction. In peripheral analgesic activity assay, 16.68% inhibition of writhing was documented for the L. speciosa extract (400 mg/kg body weight dose). The extract (400 mg/kg dose) also reduced blood sugar level by 56.12% after three hours of administration of glucose solution. In CNS depressant activity assay, mice of the sample group slept for shorter period of time compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS From our investigation, it can be suggested that, the extract should be further studied for possible phytochemicals responsible for the observed biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnuva Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahidur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Habiba Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ladurner A, Zehl M, Grienke U, Hofstadler C, Faur N, Pereira FC, Berry D, Dirsch VM, Rollinger JM. Allspice and Clove As Source of Triterpene Acids Activating the G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor TGR5. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:468. [PMID: 28769799 PMCID: PMC5511840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions. A major regulator of metabolic processes that gained interest in recent years is the bile acid receptor TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). This G protein-coupled membrane receptor can be found predominantly in the intestine, where it is mainly responsible for the secretion of the incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). The aim of this study was (i) to identify plant extracts with TGR5-activating potential, (ii) to narrow down their activity to the responsible constituents, and (iii) to assess whether the intestinal microbiota produces transformed metabolites with a different activity profile. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) served as positive control for both, the applied cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay for TGR5 activity and the biotransformation assay using mouse fecal slurry. The suitability of the workflow was demonstrated by the biotransformation of CDCA to lithocholic acid resulting in a distinct increase in TGR5 activity. Based on a traditional Tibetan formula, 19 plant extracts were selected and investigated for TGR5 activation. Extracts from the commonly used spices Syzygium aromaticum (SaroE, clove), Pimenta dioica (PdioE, allspice), and Kaempferia galanga (KgalE, aromatic ginger) significantly increased TGR5 activity. After biotransformation, only KgalE showed significant differences in its metabolite profile, which, however, did not alter its TGR5 activity compared to non-transformed KgalE. UHPLC-HRMS (high-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis revealed triterpene acids (TTAs) as the main constituents of the extracts SaroE and PdioE. Identification and quantification of TTAs in these two extracts as well as comparison of their TGR5 activity with reconstituted TTA mixtures allowed the attribution of the TGR5 activity to TTAs. EC50s were determined for the main TTAs, i.e., oleanolic acid (2.2 ± 1.6 μM), ursolic acid (1.1 ± 0.2 μM), as well as for the hitherto unknown TGR5 activators corosolic acid (0.5 ± 1.0 μM) and maslinic acid (3.7 ± 0.7 μM). In conclusion, extracts of clove, allspice, and aromatic ginger activate TGR5, which might play a pivotal role in their therapeutic use for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Moreover, the TGR5 activation of SaroE and PdioE could be pinpointed solely to TTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hofstadler
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Nadina Faur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Fátima C. Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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Kawabata K, Kitamura K, Irie K, Naruse S, Matsuura T, Uemae T, Taira S, Ohigashi H, Murakami S, Takahashi M, Kaido Y, Kawakami B. Triterpenoids Isolated from Ziziphus jujuba Enhance Glucose Uptake Activity in Skeletal Muscle Cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 63:193-199. [PMID: 28757534 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a traditional folk medicine and functional food in China and South Korea, is known for its beneficial properties, which include anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, and anti-obesity effects. To assess the anti-hyperglycemic effect of jujube in this study, we investigated the glucose uptake-promoting activity of jujube in rat L6 myotubes. After determining that the jujube extract induces muscle glucose uptake, we identified the following active compounds by bioassay-guided fractionation: betulonic acid, betulinic acid, and oleanonic acid. Ursonic acid, known to be present in jujube, was semi-synthesized from ursolic acid and also observed to enhance glucose uptake. These four triterpenic acids induced glucose uptake in a glucose transporter 4-dependent manner. Comparison experiments of jujube fruits from three countries, namely, China, South Korea, and Japan, revealed that Japanese jujube has a higher content of active triterpenoids and is the most potent enhancer of glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuichi Kawabata
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Kenji Kitamura
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Shoma Naruse
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Tomohiro Matsuura
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Tomoyuki Uemae
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Shu Taira
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Hajime Ohigashi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Shigeru Murakami
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
| | - Masakazu Takahashi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University
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26
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Lyu H, Chen J, Li WL. Natural Triterpenoids for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids, an important group of secondary metabolites, are widely distributed in nature. Many triterpenoids have been found with potential therapeutic effect against diabetes mellitus. However, the use of triterpenoids for the treatment of diabetes has not been systematically discussed previously. This review summarized the anti-diabetic activity of natural triterpenoids reported since the late 1980s with the emphasis on the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei-lin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Corosolic acid protects hepatocytes against ethanol-induced damage by modulating mitogen-activated protein kinases and activating autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:578-588. [PMID: 27663281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species(ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) destroyed autophagy and the reactive oxygen species/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are considered closely related to ethanol-induced hepatocellular injury. Previous work indicated that corosolic acid, the natural extracts of leaves of the banaba tree, Lagerstroemia speciosa L., could protect the liver against ethanol-induced damage, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the study we found that corosolic acid significantly inhibited ethanol-induced apoptosis, increased level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species accumulation in vitro. Corosolic acid inhibited ethanol-activated p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK signaling in BRL-3A and HepG2 cells as well as in experimental rats. Corosolic acid restored the ethanol-suppressed expression of autophagy-related genes, including beclin-1 and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II/I (LC3II/I) via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation both in vitro and in vivo. In experimental rats, corosolic acid ameliorated the detrimental histopathological findings. Corosolic acid may protect the liver against ethanol-induced injury by modulation of MAPK signaling and autophagy activation. These findings suggested that corosolic acid might be a promising agent in treatment of alcoholic liver diseases.
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Mlyuka E, Zhang S, Wang L, Zheng Z, Chen J. Characteristics of Subcritical Water Extraction and Kinetics of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Dry Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Leaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2016-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTTs) were extracted from loquat leaves by subcritical water extraction (SWE) technique in a dynamic mode. The results revealed that PTTs yield increased up to 5.38±0.12 mg/g with the increasing temperature at 180 °C for corosolic acid (CA) and up to 7.20±0.11 mg/g at 200 °C for ursolic acid (UA) within experimental times. The optimum flow rates to obtain concentrated CA and UA extracts were found to be 33.33 and 41.67 mL/min, respectively. Furthermore, extraction temperatures strongly influenced the extraction rate as demonstrated by the rate constant of each temperature tested. Moreover, the kinetic rate constant decreased as the function of temperature indicating the yield of both CA and UA were significantly influenced by subcritical temperatures and extraction times.
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Corosolic acid inhibits the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and protects against diabetic renal damage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26854. [PMID: 27229751 PMCID: PMC4882506 DOI: 10.1038/srep26854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to explore the effects of corosolic acid (CA) on the renal damage of DM and the mechanisms behind these effects. The renoprotective effect of CA was investigated in type 1 diabetic rats and db/db mice. The kidneys and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were used to study the proliferation of GMCs by immunostaining and MTT assay. Further immunoblotting, siRNA, qPCR analysis, and detecting of NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were performed to explore relevant molecular mechanisms. In CA-treated diabetic animals, diabetes-induced albuminuria, increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly attenuated, and glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion and fibrosis were ameliorated. Furthermore, CA significantly inhibited proliferation of GMCs and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in both diabetic animals and high glucose (HG)-induced GMCs. CA also normalized Δψm and inhibited HG-induced NADPH oxidase activity, ROS generation and NOX4, NOX2, p22(phox) and p47(phox) expression. More importantly, CA inhibited GMC proliferation mediated by NADPH/ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that CA exert the protective effect on DN by anti-proliferation resulted from inhibition of p38 MAPK- and NADPH-mediated inactivation of ERK1/2.
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Xu J, Nie X, Hong Y, Jiang Y, Wu G, Yin X, Wang C, Wang X. Synthesis of water soluble glycosides of pentacyclic dihydroxytriterpene carboxylic acids as inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Carbohydr Res 2016; 424:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Han JH, Zhou W, Li W, Tuan PQ, Khoi NM, Thuong PT, Na M, Myung CS. Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Astilbe rivularis that Enhance Glucose Uptake via the Activation of Akt and Erk1/2 in C2C12 Myotubes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1005-1014. [PMID: 25894669 DOI: 10.1021/np5009174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake into insulin-sensitive tissues is important for the regulation of blood glucose. This study has investigated whether the pentacyclic triterpenoids substituted with a carboxylic acid at the C-27 position isolated from Astilbe rivularis can enhance glucose uptake and subsequently to also examine their underlying molecular mechanisms. The structure of the new pentacyclic triterpenoid 1 was assigned by spectroscopic data interpretation. To evaluate the activity of compounds 1 and 2, glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation were measured in C2C12 myotubes. The C-27-carboxylated triterpenoids 1 and 2 significantly increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane. Both compounds stimulated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (Akt), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor triciribine or the Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126 decreased the ability of both compounds to enhance basal- and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and stimulate GLUT4 translocation. These results indicate that compounds 1 and 2 activated both the IRS-1/Akt and Erk1/2 pathways and subsequently stimulated GLUT4 translocation, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. Thus, these observations suggest that C-27-carboxylated-pentacyclic triterpenoids may serve as scaffolds for development as agents for the management of blood glucose levels in disease states such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhou
- §College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- ⊥School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Quoc Tuan
- ∥National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Khoi
- ∥National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thien Thuong
- ∥National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Castro AJG, Frederico MJS, Cazarolli LH, Mendes CP, Bretanha LC, Schmidt ÉC, Bouzon ZL, de Medeiros Pinto VA, da Fonte Ramos C, Pizzolatti MG, Silva FRMB. The mechanism of action of ursolic acid as insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic is mediated by cross-talk between calcium and kinases to regulate glucose balance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1850:51-61. [PMID: 25312987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of in vivo treatment with ursolic acid (UA) on glycemia in hyperglycemic rats and its mechanism of action on muscle were studied. METHODS The UA effects on glycemia, glycogen, LDH, calcium and on insulin levels were evaluated after glucose tolerance curve. The β-cells were evaluated through the transmission electron microscopy. UA mechanism of action was studied on muscles through the glucose uptake with/without specific insulin signaling inhibitors. The nuclear effect of UA and the GLUT4 expression on muscle were studied using thymidine, GLUT4 immunocontent, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. RESULTS UA presented a potent antihyperglycemic effect, increased insulin vesicle translocation, insulin secretion and augmented glycogen content. Also, UA stimulates the glucose uptake through the involvement of the classical insulin signaling related to the GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane as well as the GLUT4 synthesis. These were characterized by increasing the GLUT4 mRNA expression, the activation of DNA transcription, the expression of GLUT4 and its presence at plasma membrane. Also, the modulation of calcium, phospholipase C, protein kinase C and PKCaM II is mandatory for the full stimulatory effect of UA on glucose uptake. UA did not change the serum LDH and serum calcium balance. CONCLUSIONS The antihyperglycemic role of UA is mediated through insulin secretion and insulinomimetic effect on glucose uptake, synthesis and translocation of GLUT4 by a mechanism of cross-talk between calcium and protein kinases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE UA is a potential anti-diabetic agent with pharmacological properties for insulin resistance and diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marisa Jádna Silva Frederico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Helena Cazarolli
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Universitário Laranjeiras do Sul, Laranjeiras do Sul, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Pires Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Czermainski Bretanha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Éder Carlos Schmidt
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Zenilda Laurita Bouzon
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Moacir Geraldo Pizzolatti
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Nazaruk J, Borzym-Kluczyk M. The role of triterpenes in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:675-690. [PMID: 26213526 PMCID: PMC4513225 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is a serious global problem. In 2010 an estimated 285 million people had diabetes and within the next 20 years this value is expected to almost double. Many antidiabetic therapies focus on improving insulin sensitivity, increasing insulin production, and/or decreasing the level of blood glucose. Although a number of synthetic medicines are available, drugs of natural origin have aroused great interest. Triterpenes seem to demonstrate adequate properties. Many experiments have shown that these compounds have several antidiabetic mechanisms. They can inhibit enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, prevent the development of insulin resistance and normalize plasma glucose and insulin levels. These natural compounds, in contrast to synthetic drugs, apart from producing a hypoglycemic effect have also been found to manifest hypolipidemic and anti-obesity activity. Triterpenes are also promising agents in the prevention of diabetic complications. They have strong antioxidant activity and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products, implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, embryopathy, neuropathy or impaired wound healing. Until now very few clinical studies have been concerned with the application of triterpenes in treating diabetes. However, due to their great therapeutic potential, these compounds deserve special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nazaruk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2a Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - M. Borzym-Kluczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2a Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland
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Gomes Castro AJ, Silva Frederico MJ, Cazarolli LH, Bretanha LC, Tavares LDC, Buss ZDS, Dutra MF, Pacheco de Souza AZ, Pizzolatti MG, Silva FRMB. Betulinic acid and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 share intracellular signal transduction in glucose homeostasis in soleus muscle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sung B, Kang YJ, Kim DH, Hwang SY, Lee Y, Kim M, Yoon JH, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Corosolic acid induces apoptotic cell death in HCT116 human colon cancer cells through a caspase-dependent pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:943-9. [PMID: 24481288 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (also known as Banaba), has been shown to exhibit anticancer properties in various cancer cell lines. However, the anticancer activity of CA on human colorectal cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of CA on cell viability and apoptosis in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. CA dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HCT116 cells. The typical hallmarks of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation, a sub-G1 peak and phosphatidylserine externalization were detected by Hoechst 33342 staining, flow cytometry and Annexin V staining following treatment with CA. Western blot analysis revealed that CA induced a decrease in the levels of procaspase-8, -9 and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The apoptotic cell death induced by CA was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, which was completely abrogated by the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD‑FMK. Furthermore, CA upregulated the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Fas and FasL and downregulated the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and survivin. Taken together, our data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of CA-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), rendering this compound a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Natural products with protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitory activity. Methods 2014; 65:229-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Manayi A, Khanavi M, Saeidnia S, Saiednia S, Azizi E, Mahmoodpour MR, Vafi F, Malmir M, Siavashi F, Hadjiakhoondi A. Biological activity and microscopic characterization of Lythrum salicaria L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:61. [PMID: 23885663 PMCID: PMC3751246 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background There are several plants have been used worldwide in the folk medicine with high incidence for treatment of human disorders, of which Lythrum salicaria belongs to the Lythraceae family has traditionally reputation for some medicinal usage and recently many biological and pharmacological activity of the plant have been studied. Methods In this study, microscopic characterizations of the aerial parts of the plant were determined. Moreover, the plant extract (aqueous methanol 80%) was subjected to an anti-diabetic activity test (in a rat model of streptozocin induced diabetes), anti-Helicobacter pylori (using disc diffusion method) along with antioxidant activity against DPPH (stable free radical) tests. Besides, total flavonoids, phenols, tannins, as well as polysaccharides contents have been assessed using spectroscopic methods. Results The microscopic properties of the plant fragments revealed anomocytic stomata, conical shape trichomes, and abundant spherical pollen grains as a characteristic pattern for the aerial parts of the plant. The extract of the plant at concentration of 15 g/kg showed mild lowering activity on blood glucose level to 12.6% and 7.3% after 2 and 3 h of administration. Additionally, clinically isolated H. pylori strain was inhibited with the plant extract at concentration of 500 mg/mL (zone of inhibition: 17 ± 0.08 mm). Moreover, IC50 values for DPPH inhibition of the plant extract, vitamin E, BHA were examined as 13.5, 14.2, and 7.8 μg/mL, respectively. Total flavonoids, phenols, tannin, and polysaccharides contents of the extract were successfully evaluated as 5.8 ± 0.4 μg QE/mg EXT, 331 ± 3.7 μg GAE/mg EXT, 340 ± 2.3 μg TAE/mg EXT, 21 ± 0.2 μg GE/mg EXT, respectively. Conclusions The results suggested that L. salicaria has low anti-diabetic and anti-Helicobacter pylori effects, but high antioxidant activity, just the same as positive standard (vitamin E), which might be attributed to the high content of phenolic compounds in the extract.
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Ardiles AE, González-Rodríguez A, Núñez MJ, Perestelo NR, Pardo V, Jiménez IA, Valverde AM, Bazzocchi IL. Studies of naturally occurring friedelane triterpenoids as insulin sensitizers in the treatment type 2 diabetes mellitus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 84:116-24. [PMID: 22925829 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly expanding public epidemic and frequently results in severe vascular complications. In an attempt to find anti-diabetic agents, we report herein on the isolation, structural elucidation and bioactivity of nine friedelane-type triterpenes (1-9) and twenty two known ones (10-31) from the root barks of Celastrus vulcanicola and Maytenus jelskii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Two compounds from this series (1 and 3) exhibited increased insulin-mediated signalling, which suggests these friedelane triterpenes have potential therapeutic use in insulin resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro E Ardiles
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Substrate specificity for the 2α-hydroxylation of ursolic acid by Alternaria alternata and the antitumor activities of those metabolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Saeidnia S, Ghamarinia M, Gohari AR, Shakeri A. Terpenes From the Root of Salvia hypoleuca Benth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:66. [PMID: 23351362 PMCID: PMC3556016 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The genus Salvia, with nearly 900 species, is one of the largest members of Lamiaceae family. In the Flora of Iran, the genus Salvia is represented by 58 species of which 17 species are endemic. Salvia hypoleuca Benth., is one of these species growing wildly in northern and central parts of Iran. Salvia species are well known in folk medicine and widely used for therapeutic purposes. Literature review shows that there is no report on phytochemical investigation of the roots of S. hypoleuca. Results The separation and purification process were carried out using various chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation was on the basis of NMR and MS data, in comparison with those reported in the literature. The isolated compounds were identified as sitosteryl oleate (1), β-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), manool (4), 7α-acetoxy royleanone (5), ursolic acid (6), oleanolic acid (7), 3-epicorosolic acid (8), 3-epimaslinic acid (9) and coleonolic acid (10). Conclusions In the present study, three sterols, two diterpenes and five triterpenes were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of S. hypoleuca. As the chemotaxonomic significance, some of the isolated compounds (1–7, 9) have not been previously reported from the species S. hypoleuca, while the triterpenes 8 and 10 are now documented from Salvia genus for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P, O, Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran.
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Management of Diabetes and Its Complications with Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) and Corosolic Acid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:871495. [PMID: 23082086 PMCID: PMC3468018 DOI: 10.1155/2012/871495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used for many years in folk medicine to treat diabetes, with the first published research study being reported in 1940. This paper summarizes the current literature regarding Banaba and its constituents. The hypoglycemic effects of Banaba have been attributed to both corosolic acid as well as ellagitannins. Studies have been conducted in various animal models, human subjects, and in vitro systems using water soluble Banaba leaf extracts, corosolic acid, and ellagitannins. Corosolic acid has been reported to decrease blood sugar levels within 60 min in human subjects. Corosolic acid also exhibits antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities. The beneficial effects of Banaba and corosolic acid with respect to various aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism appear to involve multiple mechanisms, including enhanced cellular uptake of glucose, impaired hydrolysis of sucrose and starches, decreased gluconeogenesis, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. These effects may be mediated by PPAR and other signal transduction factors. Banaba extract, corosolic acid, and other constituents may be beneficial in addressing the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome, as well as offering other health benefits.
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Jiang CS, Liang LF, Guo YW. Natural products possessing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity found in the last decades. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1217-45. [PMID: 22941286 PMCID: PMC4002712 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of approximately 300 secondary metabolites with inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which were isolated from various natural sources or derived from synthetic process in the last decades. The structure-activity relationship and the selectivity of some compounds against other protein phosphatases were also discussed. Potential pharmaceutical applications of several PTP1B inhibitors were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-shi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin-fu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue-wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Song MK, Roufogalis BD, Huang THW. Modulation of diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology by natural medicines through PPAR-γ-related pharmacology. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:4-19. [PMID: 21480863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and remains a major cause of preventable blindness among adults at working age. DR involves an abnormal pathology of major retinal cells, including retinal pigment epithelium, microaneurysms, inter-retinal oedema, haemorrhage, exudates (hard exudates) and intraocular neovascularization. The biochemical mechanisms associated with hyperglycaemic-induced DR are through multifactorial processes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DR by inhibiting diabetes-induced retinal leukostasis and leakage. Despite DR causing eventual blindness, only a few visual or ophthalmic symptoms are observed until visual loss develops. Therefore, early medical interventions and prevention are the current management strategies. Laser photocoagulation therapy is the most common treatment. However, this therapy may cause retinal damage and scarring. Herbal and traditional natural medicines may provide an alternative to prevent or delay the progression of DR. This review provides an analysis of the therapeutic potential of herbal and traditional natural medicines or their active components for the slowdown of progression of DR and their possible mechanism through the PPAR-γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min K Song
- Herbal Medicines Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Stohs SJ, Miller H, Kaats GR. A Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa
L.) and Corosolic Acid. Phytother Res 2011; 26:317-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Canale RE, Farney TM, McCarthy CG, Bloomer RJ. A blend of phellodendron and crape myrtle improves glucose tolerance in exercise-trained men. Nutr Metab Insights 2011; 4:39-47. [PMID: 23946660 PMCID: PMC3738470 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a nutritional supplement containing a proprietary blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle on serum glucose and insulin in response to a modified oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: Using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, 10 exercise-trained, non-diabetic men reported to the lab in a 10 hour fasted state, on two different mornings separated by 1–2 weeks, and were subjected to an OGTT by ingesting a 75 gram dextrose solution. Fifteen minutes prior to the OGTT subjects ingested either a dietary supplement containing a blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle (SUPP) or a placebo (PLA). Blood samples were collected before ingestion of the SUPP or PLA and at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes post-ingestion of the dextrose load. Samples were analyzed for serum glucose and insulin. Results: In relation to serum glucose, a condition effect was noted (P = 0.01), with values lower for SUPP compared to PLA. In relation to serum insulin, a trend for a condition effect was noted (P = 0.06), with values lower for SUPP compared to PLA. Conclusion: These findings indicate that acute ingestion of a dietary supplement containing a blend of Phellodendron and Crape Myrtle can lower the serum glucose response to a modified OGTT, while resulting in a non-significant attenuation in insulin response. These data are specific to a small sample of exercise-trained, non-diabetic men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Canale
- Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Sheng H, Sun H. Synthesis, biology and clinical significance of pentacyclic triterpenes: a multi-target approach to prevention and treatment of metabolic and vascular diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:543-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tinworth KD, Harris PA, Sillence MN, Noble GK. Potential treatments for insulin resistance in the horse: A comparative multi-species review. Vet J 2010; 186:282-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ha DT, Trung TN, Hien TT, Dao TT, Yim N, Ngoc TM, Oh WK, Bae K. Selected compounds derived from Moutan Cortex stimulated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis via AMPK activation in human HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:417-424. [PMID: 20633632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of selected compounds derived from Moutan Cortex on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis associated with AMPK activation in insulin-resistant human HepG2 cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of isolated compounds (1-16) on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis was performed using HepG2 cells. The western blot was used to determine the expression of AMPK and its downstream substrates, ACC, p-ACC, and p-GSK-3beta. RESULTS The effects of the 16 compounds from Moutan Cortex on glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells under high glucose conditions were evaluated. Compounds 2, 3, and 6 displayed highly potent effects on the stimulation of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in human HepG2 cells under high glucose conditions. Compounds 2, 3, and 6 phosphorylate AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), and resulted in increased phosphorylation of GSK-3beta and suppression of lipogenic expression (ACC and FAS) in a dose-dependent manner. Compounds 2, 3, and 6 also demonstrated interesting, strong eNOS phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compounds 1, 4, 5-12, and 14 displayed considerable effects on hepatic glucose production, AMPK activation, and phosphorylation of GSK-3beta in HepG2 cells under high glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS These effects may indicate that the activation of AMPK by the active compounds from Moutan Cortex has considerable potential for reversing the metabolic abnormalities associated with type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Thi Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Shim KS, Lee SU, Ryu SY, Min YK, Kim SH. Corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation by activating transcription factors and MAP kinases. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1754-8. [PMID: 19441063 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of anabolic agents to enhance bone mass has been a source of interest. Previous work by us suggested that corosolic acid (2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid), an active component of banaba leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.), potentially stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. Therefore, the present study investigated whether corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and its possible mechanisms of action. At low concentrations (up to 5 microm), corosolic acid significantly stimulated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization without cytotoxicity. Corosolic acid induced NF-kappaB and MAP kinase activity at an early stage of osteoblast differentiation and increased the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 during late-stage osteoblast differentiation. These results suggest that the anabolic effects of corosolic acid upon osteoblast differentiation could result from its activation of transcription factors and MAP kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Shuk Shim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1507-15. [PMID: 20100662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11beta-HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids to active 11beta-hydroxyglucocorticoids, emerged as promising strategy to treat symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study the leaves of the anti-diabetic medicinal plant loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) were phytochemically investigated following hints from a pharmacophore-based virtual screening and a bioactivity-guided approach. Determination of the 11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2 inhibitory activities in cell lysates revealed triterpenes from the ursane type as selective, low micro-molar inhibitors of 11beta-HSD1, that is, corosolic acid (1), 3-epicorosolic acid methyl ester (4), 2-alpha hydroxy-3-oxo urs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), tormentic acid methyl ester (8), and ursolic acid (9). Importantly, a mixture of loquat constituents with moderate activities displayed a pronounced additive effect. By means of molecular modeling studies and the identification of the 11beta-HSD1-inhibiting 11-keto-ursolic acid (17) and 3-acetyl-11-keto-ursolic acid (18) a structure-activity relationship was deduced for this group of pentacyclic triterpenes. The mechanism of action elucidated in the present work together with the previously determined pharmacological activities provides these natural products with an astonishing multi-targeted anti-diabetic profile.
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