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Mittal P, Khandelwal N, Chander Y, Verma A, Kumar R, Putatunda C, Barua S, Gulati BR, Kumar N. p38-MAPK is prerequisite for the synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 protein. Virusdisease 2024; 35:329-337. [PMID: 39071879 PMCID: PMC11269555 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) by small molecule chemical inhibitors was previously shown to impair severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication, however, mechanisms underlying antiviral activity remains unexplored. In this study, reduced growth of SARS-CoV-2 in p38-α knockout Vero cells, together with enhanced viral yield in cells transfected with construct expressing p38α, suggested that p38-MAPK is essential for the propagation of SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 was also shown to induce phosphorylation (activation) of p38, at time when transcription/translational activities are considered to be at the peak levels. Further, we demonstrated that p38 supports viral RNA/protein synthesis without affecting viral attachment, entry, and budding in the target cells. In conclusion, we provide mechanistic insights on the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 replication by p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyasi Mittal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
- Om Sterling Global University (OSGU), Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | | | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
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2
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Chen W, Yang W, Zhang C, Liu T, Zhu J, Wang H, Li T, Jin A, Ding L, Xian J, Tian T, Pan B, Guo W, Wang B. Modulation of the p38 MAPK Pathway by Anisomycin Promotes Ferroptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Phosphorylation of H3S10. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6986445. [PMID: 36466092 PMCID: PMC9715334 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6986445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. Ferroptosis is emerging as an effective target for tumor treatment as it has been shown to potentiate cell death in some malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether histone phosphorylation events, an epigenetic mechanism that regulates transcriptional expression, are involved in ferroptosis. Our study found that supplementation with anisomycin, an agonist of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), induced ferroptosis in HCC cells, and the phosphorylation of histone H3 on serine 10 (p-H3S10) was participated in anisomycin-induced ferroptosis. To investigate the anticancer effects of anisomycin-activated p38 MAPK in HCC, we analyzed cell viability, colony formation, cell death, and cell migration in Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells. The results showed that anisomycin could significantly suppress HCC cell colony formation and migration and induce HCC cell death. The hallmarks of ferroptosis, such as abnormal accumulation of iron and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde, were detected to confirm the ability of anisomycin to promote ferroptosis. Furthermore, coincubation with SB203580, an inhibitor of activated p38 MAPK, partially rescued anisomycin-induced ferroptosis. And the levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-H3S10 were successively increased by anisomycin treatment. The relationship between p-H3S10 and ferroptosis was revealed by ChIP sequencing. The reverse transcription PCR and immunofluorescence results showed that NCOA4 was upregulated both in mRNA and protein levels after anisomycin treatment. And by C11-BODIPY staining, we found that anisomycin-induced lipid reactive oxygen species was reduced after NCOA4 knockdown. In conclusion, the anisomycin-activated p38 MAPK promoted ferroptosis of HCC cells through H3S10 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anli Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingrong Xian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongtong Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Nalluri SM, Sankhe CS, O'Connor JW, Blanchard PL, Khouri JN, Phan SH, Virgi G, Gomez EW. Crosstalk between ERK and MRTF‐A signaling regulates TGFβ1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2503-2515. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep M. Nalluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Chinmay S. Sankhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Joseph W. O'Connor
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Paul L. Blanchard
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Joelle N. Khouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Steven H. Phan
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Gage Virgi
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Esther W. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
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4
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Cen R, Wang L, He Y, Yue C, Tan Y, Li L, Lei X. Dermal Fibroblast Migration and Proliferation Upon Wounding or Lipopolysaccharide Exposure is Mediated by Stathmin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:781282. [PMID: 35153746 PMCID: PMC8831846 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.781282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal fibroblast is a crucial executor involved in wound healing, and lipopolysaccharide is a key factor in initiating the migration and proliferation of the dermal fibroblasts, followed by wound healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that stathmin increased concomitantly with p38/MAPK pathway activation by lipopolysaccharide stimulation of the human dermal fibroblast (HDF), which induced microtubule (MT) depolymerization followed by increased HDF migration and proliferation. In contrast, the application of taxol, the small interfering RNA transfection of stathmin, or the application of the p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 suppressed MT depolymerization and HDF migration and proliferation. Additionally, the overexpression of a MKK6(Glu) mutant, which constitutively activated p38/MAPK, resulted in MT depolymerization and, subsequently, promoted HDF migration and proliferation. Our data reveal a crucial role of stathmin in HDF migration and proliferation. These findings will provide new targets and strategies for clinical interventions in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lingfei Li
- *Correspondence: Lingfei Li, ; Xia Lei, .
| | - Xia Lei
- *Correspondence: Lingfei Li, ; Xia Lei, .
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Iloun P, Hooshmandi E, Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi R, Ahmadiani A. Roles and Interaction of the MAPK Signaling Cascade in Aβ25-35-Induced Neurotoxicity Using an Isolated Primary Hippocampal Cell Culture System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1497-1507. [PMID: 32601776 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized with increased formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ peptide toxicity is associated with disturbances of several intracellular signaling pathways such as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MAPKs and their interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity using isolated hippocampal neurons from the rat. Primary hippocampal cells were cultured in neurobasal medium for 4 days. Cells were treated with Aβ25-35 and/or MAPKs inhibitors for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by an MTT assay and phosphorylated levels of P38, JNK, and ERK were measured by Western blots. Aβ treatment (10-40 µM) significantly decreased hippocampal cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of P38 and ERK did not restore cell viability, while JNK inhibition potentiated the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Compared to the controls, Aβ treatment increased levels of phosphorylated JNK, ERK, and c-Jun, while it had no effect on levels of phosphorylated P38. In addition, P38 inhibition led to decreased expression levels of phosphorylated ERK; inhibition of JNK resulted in decreased expression of c-Jun; and inhibition of ERK, decreased phosphorylated levels of JNK. These results strongly suggest that P38, ERK, and JNK are not independently involved in Aβ-induced toxicity in the hippocampal cells. In AD, which is a multifactorial disease, inhibiting a single member of the MAPK signaling pathway, does not seem to be sufficient to mitigate Aβ-induced toxicity and thus their interactions with each other or potentially with different signaling pathways should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Iloun
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Chamran Exp. Way, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Chamran Exp. Way, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Traub B, Roth A, Kornmann M, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Stress-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4963-4984. [PMID: 34497429 PMCID: PMC8384741 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disease with high incidence and poor survival rates. With the aim to improve overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Protein kinases are key regulatory players in basically all stages of development, maintaining physiologic functions but also being involved in pathogenic processes. c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 kinases, representatives of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of protein kinases are important mediators of adequate response to cellular stress following inflammatory and metabolic stressors, DNA damage, and others. In their physiologic roles, they are responsible for the regulation of cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the underlying pathways consequently has been identified in various cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. Pharmacological targeting of those pathways has been the field of interest for several years. While success in earlier studies was limited due to lacking specificity and off-target effects, more recent improvements in small molecule inhibitor design against stress-activated protein kinases and their use in combination therapies have shown promising in vitro results. Consequently, targeting of JNK, p38, and CK1 protein kinase family members may actually be of particular interest in the field of precision medicine in patients with highly deregulated kinase pathways related to these kinases. However, further studies are warranted, especially involving in vivo investigation and clinical trials, in order to advance inhibition of stress-activated kinases to the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Traub
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Aileen Roth
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
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7
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Ko W, Kim N, Lee H, Woo ER, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee DS. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Cudrania tricuspidata in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147472. [PMID: 34299094 PMCID: PMC8303187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata has been reported to have anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, the effect of 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata on tumor necrosis factor-α+interferon-γ-treated HaCaT cells were investigated. Among these 16 compounds, 11 decreased IL-6 production and 15 decreased IL-8 production. The six most effective compounds, namely, steppogenin (2), cudraflavone C (6), macluraxanthone B (12), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3- methoxyxanthone (13), cudraflavanone B (4), and cudratricusxanthone L (14), were selected for further experiments. These six compounds decreased the expression levels of chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and downregulated the protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Compounds 2, 6, 12, 4, and 14 inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B p65 translocation to the nucleus; however, compound 13 showed no significant effects. In addition, extracellular signal regulatory kinase-1/2 phosphorylation was only inhibited by compound 14, whereas p38 phosphorylation was inhibited by compounds 13 and 4. Taken together, the compounds from C. tricuspidata showed potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents to suppress inflammation in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6386; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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8
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Zhang C, Gao Y, Du C, Markowitz GJ, Fu J, Zhang Z, Liu C, Qin W, Wang H, Wang F, Yang P. Hepatitis B-Induced IL8 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Venous Metastasis and Intrahepatic Treg Accumulation. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2386-2398. [PMID: 33653774 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often accompanied by severe vascular invasion and portal vein tumor thrombus, leading to a poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of this disease remains obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded gene HBx induces high IL8 production through MEK-ERK signal activation, leading to enhanced endothelial permeability to facilitate tumor vascular invasion. In a vascular metastatic model using a tail vein injection in a transgenic mouse with selective expression of human CXCR1 in the endothelium, activation of the IL8-CXCR1 cascade by overexpression of IL8 in tumor cells dramatically enhanced liver metastasis. Mechanistically, IL8 selectively induced GARP-latent-TGFβ in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and subsequently provoked preferential regulatory T-cell polarization to suppress antitumor immunity. Collectively, these findings reveal a hepatitis B-associated IL8-CXCR1 signaling axis that mediates vascular invasion and local microenvironmental immune escape of HCC to induce intrahepatic metastasis, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets for HBV-associated HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies a hepatitis B-induced IL8/CXCR1/TGFβ signaling cascade that suppresses antitumor immunity and enhances metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma, providing new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhi Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Geoffrey J Markowitz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jing Fu
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Qin
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary Tumor Biology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Day EK, Zhong Q, Purow B, Lazzara MJ. Data-Driven Computational Modeling Identifies Determinants of Glioblastoma Response to SHP2 Inhibition. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2056-2070. [PMID: 33574084 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic protein tyrosine phosphatases have long been viewed as drug targets of interest, and recently developed allosteric inhibitors of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) have entered clinical trials. However, the ability of phosphatases to regulate many targets directly or indirectly and to both promote and antagonize oncogenic signaling may make the efficacy of phosphatase inhibition challenging to predict. Here we explore the consequences of antagonizing SHP2 in glioblastoma, a recalcitrant cancer where SHP2 has been proposed as a useful drug target. Measuring protein phosphorylation and expression in glioblastoma cells across 40 signaling pathway nodes in response to different drugs and for different oxygen tensions revealed that SHP2 antagonism has network-level, context-dependent signaling consequences that affect cell phenotypes (e.g., cell death) in unanticipated ways. To map specific signaling consequences of SHP2 antagonism to phenotypes of interest, a data-driven computational model was constructed based on the paired signaling and phenotype data. Model predictions aided in identifying three signaling processes with implications for treating glioblastoma with SHP2 inhibitors. These included PTEN-dependent DNA damage repair in response to SHP2 inhibition, AKT-mediated bypass resistance in response to chronic SHP2 inhibition, and SHP2 control of hypoxia-inducible factor expression through multiple MAPKs. Model-generated hypotheses were validated in multiple glioblastoma cell lines, in mouse tumor xenografts, and through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Collectively, these results suggest that in glioblastoma, SHP2 inhibitors antagonize some signaling processes more effectively than existing kinase inhibitors but can also limit the efficacy of other drugs when used in combination. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that allosteric SHP2 inhibitors have multivariate and context-dependent effects in glioblastoma that may make them useful components of some combination therapies, but not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Day
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Benjamin Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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10
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Palušová V, Renzová T, Verlande A, Vaclová T, Medková M, Cetlová L, Sedláčková M, Hříbková H, Slaninová I, Krutá M, Rotrekl V, Uhlířová H, Křížová A, Chmelík R, Veselý P, Krafčíková M, Trantírek L, Schink KO, Uldrijan S. Dual Targeting of BRAF and mTOR Signaling in Melanoma Cells with Pyridinyl Imidazole Compounds. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061516. [PMID: 32531927 PMCID: PMC7352453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors can delay the progression of metastatic melanoma, but resistance usually emerges, leading to relapse. Drugs simultaneously targeting two or more pathways essential for cancer growth could slow or prevent the development of resistant clones. Here, we identified pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190, SB203580, and SB590885 as dual inhibitors of critical proliferative pathways in human melanoma cells bearing the V600E activating mutation of BRAF kinase. We found that the drugs simultaneously disrupt the BRAF V600E-driven extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in melanoma cells. Pyridinyl imidazole compounds directly inhibit BRAF V600E kinase. Moreover, they interfere with the endolysosomal compartment, promoting the accumulation of large acidic vacuole-like vesicles and dynamic changes in mTOR signaling. A transient increase in mTORC1 activity is followed by the enrichment of the Ragulator complex protein p18/LAMTOR1 at contact sites of large vesicles and delocalization of mTOR from the lysosomes. The induced disruption of the endolysosomal pathway not only disrupts mTORC1 signaling, but also renders melanoma cells sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings identify new activities of pharmacologically relevant small molecule compounds and provide a biological rationale for the development of anti-melanoma therapeutics based on the pyridinyl imidazole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Palušová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Renzová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Amandine Verlande
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Tereza Vaclová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Michaela Medková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Linda Cetlová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Miroslava Sedláčková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Hana Hříbková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Miriama Krutá
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladimír Rotrekl
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.U.); (R.C.)
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Aneta Křížová
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Radim Chmelík
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.U.); (R.C.)
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Pavel Veselý
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Michaela Krafčíková
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukáš Trantírek
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Kay Oliver Schink
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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11
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Ly TD, Plümers R, Fischer B, Schmidt V, Hendig D, Kuhn J, Knabbe C, Faust I. Activin A-Mediated Regulation of XT-I in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E609. [PMID: 32295230 PMCID: PMC7226200 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a fundamental feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components like proteoglycans (PG) or collagens in skin and internal organs. Serum analysis from SSc patients showed an increase in the enzyme activity of xylosyltransferase (XT), the initial enzyme in PG biosynthesis. There are two distinct XT isoforms-XT-I and XT-II-in humans, but until now only XT-I is associated with fibrotic remodelling for an unknown reason. The aim of this study was to identify new XT mediators and clarify the underlying mechanisms, in view of developing putative therapeutic anti-fibrotic interventions in the future. Therefore, we used different cytokines and growth factors, small molecule inhibitors as well as small interfering RNAs, and assessed the cellular XT activity and XYLT1 expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts by radiochemical activity assays and qRT-PCR. We identified a new function of activin A as a regulator of XYLT1 mRNA expression and XT activity. While the activin A-induced XT-I increase was found to be mediated by activin A receptor type 1B, MAPK and Smad pathways, the activin A treatment did not alter the XYLT2 expression. Furthermore, we observed a reciprocal regulation of XYLT1 and XYLT2 transcription after inhibition of the activin A pathway components. These results improve the understanding of the differential expression regulation of XYLT isoforms under pathological fibroproliferative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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12
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Vural H. The effect mechanism of Ginnalin A as a homeopathic agent on various cancer cell lines. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that natural products are beneficial for the protection against cancer. Maple syrup is a natural sweetener often consumed throughout the world. Maple syrup contains various phenolic compounds such as lignans, coumarin and Ginnalin A (GA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GA shown to have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in several human carcinoma cell lines. The effect of GA on cell viability was determined by a XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) assay as described in the manufacturer’s instruction. Total RNA was isolated from cancer cells using TRIzol Reagent and reverse transcription was performed using Script™ cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Expressions of important genes in apoptosis including MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, CDH1 and CDH2, were investigated in dose and control groups by qPCR (quantitative real time- polymerase chain reaction).
When compared with the control group, qPCR results illustrated that a significant increase in gene expression was observed in the expressions of CDH1, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by 3.52, 5.13 and 2.67 times respectively. Research has shown that Ginnalin A can demonstrate an anti-metastatic effect by regulating the expression of important genes in metastasis on cancer cell lines. Furthermore, in this study the activation of caspase-8 in apoptotic signaling pathways and the pro-apoptotic caspases required for extrinsic apoptotic signal transduction was defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasibe Vural
- Necmettin Erbakan Unversity , Meram Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Biology , Konya , Turkey
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13
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Dhoke NR, Geesala R, Das A. Low Oxidative Stress-Mediated Proliferation Via JNK-FOXO3a-Catalase Signaling in Transplanted Adult Stem Cells Promotes Wound Tissue Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1047-1065. [PMID: 28826225 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Stem cells exposed to pathological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at wound sites fail to regenerate tissue. The molecular mechanism underlying differential levels of ROS-mediated regulation of stem cells remains elusive. This study elucidates the mechanistic role of catalase at 10 μM H2O2-induced proliferation of mouse bone marrow stromal (BMSC) and hematopoietic (HSPC) stem/progenitor cells. Results: BMSCs and HSPCs depicted an increased growth rate and colony formation, in the presence of 10 μM but not 100 μM concentration of H2O2, an effect that was perturbed by Vit. C. Mechanistically, JNK activation-FOXO3a nuclear translocation and binding of FOXO3a to catalase promoter at 10 μM H2O2 led to an increased expression and activity of anti-oxidant gene, catalase. This was followed by an increased proliferative phenotype via the AKT-dependent pathway that was perturbed in the presence of catalase-inhibitor, 3-aminotriazole due to an increased ROS-mediated inactivation of AKT. Preclinically, 10 μM H2O2-mediated preconditioning of BMSCs/HSPCs transplantation accelerated wound closure, enhanced catalase expression, and decreased ROS levels at the wound site. Transplantation of male donor cells into female recipient mice or GFP-labeled BMSCs or HSPCs depicted an increased engraftment and proliferation in preconditioned cell transplanted groups as compared with the wound control. Wound healing occurred via keratinocyte generation and vascularization in preconditioned BMSCs, whereas only neo-vascularization occurred in the preconditioned HSPCs transplanted groups. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study suggests a distinct role of catalase that protects BMSCs and HSPCs from low ROS and promotes proliferation. Transplantation of preconditioned stem cells enhanced wound tissue regeneration with a better antioxidant defense mechanism-as a therapeutic approach in stem cell transplantation-mediated tissue regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1047-1065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha R Dhoke
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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14
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Aasrum M, Thoresen GH, Christoffersen T, Brusevold IJ. p38 differentially regulates ERK, p21, and mitogenic signalling in two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:699-707. [PMID: 29380233 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas the p38 MAP kinase has largely been associated with anti-proliferative functions, several observations have indicated that it may also have positive effects on proliferation. In hepatocytes, we have found that p38 has opposing effects on DNA synthesis when activated by EGF and HGF. Here we have studied the function of p38 in EGF- and HGF-induced DNA synthesis in the two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines AsPC-1 and Panc-1. In Panc-1 cells, the MEK inhibitor PD98059 reduced EGF- and HGF-induced DNA synthesis, while the p38 inhibitor SB203580 strongly increased the basal DNA synthesis and reduced expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) p21. In contrast, in AsPC-1 cells, EGF- and HGF-induced DNA synthesis was not significantly reduced by PD98059 but was inhibited by SB203580. Treatment with SB203580 amplified the sustained ERK phosphorylation induced by these growth factors and caused a marked upregulation of the expression of p21, which could be blocked by PD98059. These results suggest that while DNA synthesis in Panc-1 cells is enhanced by ERK and strongly suppressed by p38, in AsPC-1 cells, p38 exerts a pro-mitogenic effect through MEK/ERK-dependent downregulation of p21. Thus, p38 may have suppressive or stimulatory effects on proliferation depending on the cell type, due to differential cross-talk between the p38 and MEK/ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aasrum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thoralf Christoffersen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild J Brusevold
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Ruiz M, Coderre L, Allen BG, Des Rosiers C. Protecting the heart through MK2 modulation, toward a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy and lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1914-1922. [PMID: 28735097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various signaling pathways have been identified in the heart as important players during development, physiological adaptation or pathological processes. This includes the MAPK families, particularly p38MAPK, which is involved in several key cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, metabolism and survival. Disrupted p38MAPK signaling has been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as diabetes and its related complications. Despite efforts to translate this knowledge into therapeutic avenues, p38 inhibitors have failed in clinical trials due to adverse effects. Inhibition of MK2, a downstream target of p38, appears to be a promising alternative strategy. Targeting MK2 activity may avoid the adverse effects linked to p38 inhibition, while maintaining its beneficial effects. MK2 was first considered as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid polyarthritis. A growing body of evidence now supports a key role of MK2 signaling in the pathogenesis of CVD, particularly ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, and hypertension and that its inhibition or inactivation is associated with improved heart and vascular functions. More recently, MK2 was shown to be a potential player in diabetes and related complications, particularly in liver and heart, and perturbations in calcium handling and lipid metabolism. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the role of MK2 in p38MAPK-mediated signaling and the benefits of its loss of function in CVD and diabetes, with an emphasis on the roles of MK2 in calcium handling and lipid metabolism. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lise Coderre
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce Gordon Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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SAK-HV Decreases the Self-Ubiquitination of MEKK1 to Promote Macrophage Proliferation via MAPK/ERK and JNK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040835. [PMID: 28422048 PMCID: PMC5412419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SAK-HV is an anti-atherosclerosis recombinant fusion protein developed by our lab. Our study determined that SAK-HV promoted macrophage proliferation, of which the mechanism was explored by both RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Mass spectrometric analysis and co-immunoprecipitation were combined to screen the SAK-HV-interacting proteins in RAW264.7 cells. Confocal microscopy was adopted to detect the localization of SAK-HV in cells. The results indicated that SAK-HV triggered macrophage proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) pathways by its SAK-mutant functional domain. We screened out Uba1 as the SAK-HV-interacting protein in the RAW264.7 cells and discovered their co-localization in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Inhibiting Uba1 significantly decreased the SAK-HV-induced macrophage proliferation. Thus, we postulated an attractive model of ubiquitination, in which the interactions between Uba1 and specific E2 enzymes are blocked by its interaction with SAK-HV. Based on this model, we detected the decreased self-ubiquitination of MEKK1 after SAK-HV treatment and concluded that SAK-HV inhibits the self-ubiquitination of MEKK1 via its SAK-mutant functional domain to activate MAPK/ERK and JNK pathways, promoting macrophage proliferation. This conclusion highly supported our hypothesized model of ubiquitination at the level of Uba1, which may represent a novel paradigm to promote macrophage proliferation by using the E1 enzyme (Uba1) as a switch.
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17
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Abstract
Previous studies in rat hepatocytes have shown that the MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and p38 pathways are all involved in the activation of DNA synthesis by EGF and that sustained activation of MEK/ERK is required. Here, we show that although HGF stimulated DNA synthesis and activated signaling in the same manner as EGF, the contribution of the signaling pathways to the induction of DNA synthesis differed. While HGF-induced DNA synthesis was dependent on MEK/ERK, with no significant contribution from PI3K/Akt, p38 suppressed HGF-induced DNA synthesis. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 increased HGF-induced DNA synthesis and enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK. In contrast, SB203580 decreased EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation. This suggests that p38 has distinct effects on DNA synthesis induced by EGF and HGF. Due to differential regulation of signaling through the MEK/ERK pathway, p38 acts as an enhancer of EGF-induced DNA synthesis and as a suppressor of HGF-induced DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aasrum
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ingvild J Brusevold
- b Department of Oral Biology and Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science , Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway , and
| | - Thoralf Christoffersen
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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18
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Varghese FS, Thaa B, Amrun SN, Simarmata D, Rausalu K, Nyman TA, Merits A, McInerney GM, Ng LFP, Ahola T. The Antiviral Alkaloid Berberine Reduces Chikungunya Virus-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. J Virol 2016; 90:9743-9757. [PMID: 27535052 PMCID: PMC5068526 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01382-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has infected millions of people in the tropical and subtropical regions since its reemergence in the last decade. We recently identified the nontoxic plant alkaloid berberine as an antiviral substance against CHIKV in a high-throughput screen. Here, we show that berberine is effective in multiple cell types against a variety of CHIKV strains, also at a high multiplicity of infection, consolidating the potential of berberine as an antiviral drug. We excluded any effect of this compound on virus entry or on the activity of the viral replicase. A human phosphokinase array revealed that CHIKV infection specifically activated the major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Upon treatment with berberine, this virus-induced MAPK activation was markedly reduced. Subsequent analyses with specific inhibitors of these kinases indicated that the ERK and JNK signaling cascades are important for the generation of progeny virions. In contrast to specific MAPK inhibitors, berberine lowered virus-induced activation of all major MAPK pathways and resulted in a stronger reduction in viral titers. Further, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of berberine in a mouse model and measured a significant reduction of CHIKV-induced inflammatory disease. In summary, we demonstrate the efficacy of berberine as a drug against CHIKV and highlight the importance of the MAPK signaling pathways in the alphavirus infectious cycle. IMPORTANCE Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes severe and persistent muscle and joint pain and has recently spread to the Americas. No licensed drug exists to counter this virus. In this study, we report that the alkaloid berberine is antiviral against different CHIKV strains and in multiple human cell lines. We demonstrate that berberine collectively reduced the virus-induced activation of cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The relevance of these signaling cascades in the viral life cycle was emphasized by specific inhibitors of these kinase pathways, which decreased the production of progeny virions. Berberine significantly reduced CHIKV-induced inflammatory disease in a mouse model, demonstrating efficacy of the drug in vivo Overall, this work makes a strong case for pursuing berberine as a potential anti-CHIKV therapeutic compound and for exploring the MAPK signaling pathways as antiviral targets against alphavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finny S Varghese
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bastian Thaa
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Diane Simarmata
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kai Rausalu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerald M McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Lee WYW, Or PMY, Wan DCC, Kwan YW, Yeung JHK. Miltirone Is a Dual Inhibitor of P-Glycoprotein and Cell Growth in Doxorubicin-Resistant HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2266-2275. [PMID: 26339922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Miltirone (1), an abietane-type diterpene quinone isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, possesses anticancer activity in p-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing human cancer cells. Results of the current study suggest a dual effect of miltirone on P-gp inhibition and apoptotic induction in a human hepatoma HepG2 cell line and its P-gp-overexpressing doxorubicin-resistant counterpart (R-HepG2). Miltirone (1) elicited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with a similar potency (EC50 ≈ 7-12 μM), in HepG2 and R-HepG2 cells. Miltirone (1) (1.56-6.25 μM) produced synergistic effects on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced growth inhibition of R-HepG2 (synergism: 0.3 < combination index < 0.5). Molecular docking studies illustrated that miltirone (1) interacted with the active site of P-gp with a higher binding affinity than DOX, suggesting that it was a P-gp inhibitor. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed miltirone (1) as a competitive inhibitor of P-gp. At non-necrotic concentrations (1.56-25 μM), miltirone (1) activated caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways and triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (e.g., p38 MAPK, stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) in both HepG2 and R-HepG2 cells. Thus, we conclude that miltirone (1) is a dual inhibitor of P-gp and cell growth in human drug-resistant hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wayne Y W Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Penelope M Y Or
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David C C Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - John H K Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Fittipaldi S, Mercatelli N, Dimauro I, Jackson MJ, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Alpha B-crystallin induction in skeletal muscle cells under redox imbalance is mediated by a JNK-dependent regulatory mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:331-42. [PMID: 26066304 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein α-B-crystallin (CRYAB) is critically involved in stress-related cellular processes such as differentiation, apoptosis, and redox homeostasis. The up-regulation of CRYAB plays a key role in the cytoprotective and antioxidant response, but the molecular pathway driving its expression in muscle cells during oxidative stress still remains unknown. Here we show that noncytotoxic exposure to sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) inducing redox imbalance is able to increase the CRYAB content of C2C12 myoblasts in a transcription-dependent manner. Our in silico analysis revealed a genomic region upstream of the Cryab promoter containing two putative antioxidant-responsive elements motifs and one AP-1-like binding site. The redox-sensitive transcription factors Nrf2 and the AP-1 component c-Jun were found to be up-regulated in NaAsO2-treated cells, and we demonstrated a specific NaAsO2-mediated increase of c-Jun and Nrf2 binding activity to the genomic region identified, supporting their putative involvement in CRYAB regulation following a shift in redox balance. These changes also correlated with a specific phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK kinases, the well-known molecular mediators of signaling pathways leading to the activation of these transcription factors. Pretreatment of C2C12 cells with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 induced a decrease in c-Jun and Nrf2 content and was able to counteract the NaAsO2-mediated increase in CRYAB expression. Thus these data show a direct role of JNK in CRYAB regulation under redox imbalance and also point to a previously unrecognized link between c-Jun and Nrf2 transcription factors and redox-induced CRYAB expression in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fittipaldi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy.
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L69 3GA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CERC Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome 00135, Italy
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Liu X, Kumar A. Differential signaling mechanism for HIV-1 Nef-mediated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in human astrocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9867. [PMID: 26075907 PMCID: PMC4467202 DOI: 10.1038/srep09867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Variety of HIV-1 viral proteins including HIV-1 Nef are known to activate astrocytes and microglia in the brain and cause the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is thought to be one of the mechanisms leading to HIV-1- mediated neurotoxicity. IL-6 and IL-8 have been found in the CSF of patients with HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD), suggesting that they might play important roles in HIV-1 neuropathology. In the present study we examined the effects of HIV-1 Nef on IL-6 and IL-8 induction in astrocytes. The results demonstrate that both IL-6 and IL-8 are significantly induced in HIV-1 Nef-transfected SVGA astrocytes and HIV-1 Nef-treated primary fetal astrocytes. We also determined the molecular mechanisms responsible for the HIV-1 Nef-induced increased IL-6 and IL-8 by using chemical inhibitors and siRNAs against PI3K/Akt/PKC, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, CEBP and AP-1. Our results clearly demonstrate that the PI3K/PKC, p38 MAPK, NF-κB and AP-1 pathways are involved in HIV-1 Nef-induced IL-6 production in astrocytes, while PI3K/PKC and NF-κB pathways are involved in HIV-1 Nef-induced IL-8 production. These results offer new potential targets to develop therapeutic strategy for treatment of HIV-1 associated neurological disorders, prevalent in > 40% of individuals infected with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108
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22
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Xia L, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Song X, Sun M, Hu Y, Liu S, Wang K, Qu X, Wei F. Interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mediates the upregulation of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in RAW264.7 cells-a process in which p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has an important role. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:344-51. [PMID: 25132397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) antagonizes angiogenesis by inhibiting the biological function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immature dendritic cells (imDCs) express high levels of sVEGFR1 during development and are antiangiogenic. This study aimed to investigate the changes in VEGFR1, sVEGFR1, and VEGF levels during the development of imDCs and explore the underlying signaling mechanisms. METHODS To model the differentiation of imDCs from monocytes, RAW264.7 cells, a murine monocyte/macrophage cell line, were stimulated by interleukin-4 (IL-4; 10 ng/mL, 20 ng/mL, and 40 ng/mL) and/or by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 10 ng/mL, 20 ng/mL, and 50 ng/mL) and/or pretreated by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. The levels of VEGFR1, sVEGFR1, and VEGF were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS IL-4 increased the VEGFR1 mRNA and sVEGFR1 levels in RAW264.7 (p < 0.05). This increase was inhibited by SB203580. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increased the sVEGFR1 levels, but it had no significant effect on VEGFR1 mRNA levels. SB203580 decreased the expression of VEGFR1 mRNA induced by GM-CSF, whereas sVEGFR1 was unaffected. IL-4 had a greater effect on sVEGFR1 levels, compared to GM-CSF. CONCLUSION IL-4 and GM-CSF increased sVEGFR1 levels, but did not significantly effect VEGF expression, and led to the antiangiogenesis properties of monocytes. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has an important role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Shuguang Branch of Shanghai Baoshan Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics in Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Song
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ketao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics in Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fengcai Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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23
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Aye ILMH, Gao X, Weintraub ST, Jansson T, Powell TL. Adiponectin inhibits insulin function in primary trophoblasts by PPARα-mediated ceramide synthesis. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:512-24. [PMID: 24606127 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal adiponectin (ADN) levels are inversely correlated with birth weight, and ADN infusion in pregnant mice down-regulates placental nutrient transporters and decreases fetal growth. In contrast to the insulin-sensitizing effects in adipose tissue and muscle, ADN inhibits insulin signaling in the placenta. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. We hypothesized that ADN inhibits insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated amino acid transport in primary human trophoblasts by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-mediated ceramide synthesis. Primary human term trophoblast cells were treated with ADN and/or insulin. ADN increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and PPARα. ADN inhibited insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated amino acid transport. This effect was dependent on PPARα, because activation of PPARα with an agonist (GW7647) inhibited insulin signaling and function, whereas PPARα-small interfering RNA reversed the effects of ADN on the insulin response. ADN increased ceramide synthase expression and stimulated ceramide production. C2-ceramide inhibited insulin signaling and function, whereas inhibition of ceramide synthase (with Fumonisin B1) reversed the effects of ADN on insulin signaling and amino acid transport. These findings are consistent with the model that maternal ADN limits fetal growth mediated by activation of placental PPARα and ceramide synthesis, which inhibits placental insulin signaling and amino acid transport, resulting in reduced fetal nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving L M H Aye
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research (I.L.M.H.A., T.J., T.L.P.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biochemistry (X.G., S.T.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas 78229
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24
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Li JH, Zhou W. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 promotes peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis in rats with colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:668-673. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i5.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the influence of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) apoptosis in rats with colitis and the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Forty-five healthy female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: a normal group, a model group and a SB203580 group. Colitis was induced with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats of the latter two groups. The normal group and the model group were treated intrarectally with saline, while the SB203580 group was given SB203580 [1 mg/(kg•d)]. The rats were sacrificed after 2 wk to assess disease activity index (DAI) and macroscopic and histological changes of the colon. PBL apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression were examined by flow cytometry. p-ATF2 protein expression in colon tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: In the model group, the percentages of cells expressing p-ATF2 and Bcl-2 were higher than those in the normal group and SB203580 group (43.40% ± 2.67% vs 7.45% ± 1.26%, 20.70% ± 2.79%; 38.60% ± 3.53% vs 13.70% ± 2.45%, 20.30% ± 2.87%, P < 0.01 for all), but the percentage of apoptotic PBLs in the model group was lower than those in the normal group and SB203580 group (27.70% ± 3.02% vs 58.70% ± 3.09%, 46.60% ± 4.14%, P < 0.01 for both). DAI and macroscopic and histological scores in the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group and SB203580 group (2.42 ± 0.30 vs 0.28 ± 0.29, 1.24 ± 0.17; 5.42 ± 0.30 vs 0.30 ± 0.48, 3.30 ± 0.22; 3.29 ± 0.26 vs 0.05 ± 0.20, 1.10 ± 0.74, P < 0.01 for all).
CONCLUSION: P38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reduces colonic inflammatory injury in rats with colitis by down-regulating expression of p-ATF2 and Bcl-2 and inducing PBL apoptosis. SB203580 can be considered as a novel therapeutic alternative for the treatment of UC.
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Huang W, Xiao DZ, Wang Y, Shan ZX, Liu XY, Lin QX, Yang M, Zhuang J, Li Y, Yu XY. Fn14 Promotes Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Heart Valvular Interstitial Cells by Phenotypic Characterization. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:580-7. [PMID: 24122208 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ding-Zhang Xiao
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Zhi-Xin Shan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Lin
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yangxin Li
- Texas Heart Institute and University of Texas Health Science Center; Houston Texas, USA
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Comparison of (bio-)transformation methods for the generation of metabolite-like compound libraries of p38α MAP kinase inhibitors using high-resolution screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:235-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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KADOWAKI S, MEGURO S, IMAIZUMI Y, SAKAI H, ENDOH D, HAYASHI M. Role of p38 Mapk in development of acute hepatic injury in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, an animal model of human Wilson's disease. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1551-6. [PMID: 23877843 PMCID: PMC3942961 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat, an animal model of human Wilson's disease, spontaneously develops fulminant hepatitis associated with severe jaundice at about 4 months of age. In this study, we examined the changes in gene expression during progression of acute hepatic injury. When levels of gene expression in the liver of LEC rats at 13 weeks of age were compared to those in rats at 4 weeks of age using oligonucleotide arrays, 1,620 genes out of 7,700 genes analyzed showed more than 2-fold differences. Expression levels of 11 of 29 genes related to stress-activating protein kinase (SAPK) changed by more than 2-fold in the liver of LEC rats, but none of the SAPK-related genes showed changes in expression levels in the liver of control rats. Activity of p38 mapk in the liver of LEC rats at 13 weeks of age was about 8.1-fold higher than that in rats at 4 weeks of age. When LEC rats were administered SB203580, a p38 mapk-specific inhibitor, by s.c. injection twice a week from 10 to 13 weeks of age, activities of p38 mapk in the liver, activities of AST and ALT and concentrations of bilirubin in sera of rats administered SB203580 significantly decreased compared to those in rats not administered. These results showed that the increase in activities of p38 mapk was related to the occurrence of acute hepatic injury in LEC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo KADOWAKI
- Department of Basic Veterinary Radiology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Saori MEGURO
- Department of Basic Veterinary Radiology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka IMAIZUMI
- Department of Basic Veterinary Radiology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi SAKAI
- Department of Basic Veterinary Radiology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Daiji ENDOH
- Department of Basic Veterinary Radiology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Masanobu HAYASHI
- Department of Basic Veterinary Radiology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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28
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Differential roles of ASK1 and TAK1 in Helicobacter pylori-induced cellular responses. Infect Immun 2013; 81:4551-60. [PMID: 24082073 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00914-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway regulates various cellular functions, including those induced by Helicobacter pylori. TAK1 is an upstream MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) required for H. pylori-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation, but it remains unclear whether other MAP3Ks are involved in H. pylori-induced cellular responses. In this study, we focused on the MAP3K ASK1, which plays a critical role in gastric tumorigenesis. In gastric epithelial cells, H. pylori activates ASK1 in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and cag pathogenicity island-dependent manner, and ASK1 regulates sustained JNK activation and apoptosis induced by H. pylori. In contrast, TAK1 regulates H. pylori-mediated early JNK activation and cytokine production. We also found reciprocal regulation between ASK1 and TAK1 in H. pylori-related responses, whereby inhibition of TAK1 or downstream p38 MAPK activates ASK1 through ROS production, and ASK1 suppresses TAK1 and downstream NF-κB activation. We identified ROS/ASK1/JNK as a new signaling pathway induced by H. pylori, which regulates apoptotic cell death. The balance of ASK1-induced apoptosis and TAK1-induced antiapoptotic or inflammatory responses may determine the fate of epithelial cells infected with H. pylori and thus be involved in the pathogenesis of gastritis and gastric cancer.
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29
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Gerbal-Chaloin S, Iankova I, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M. Nuclear receptors in the cross-talk of drug metabolism and inflammation. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:122-44. [PMID: 23330545 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.756011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and infection have long been known to affect the activity and expression of enzymes involved in hepatic and extrahepatic drug clearance. Significant advances have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex cross-talk between inflammation and drug-metabolism alterations. The emergent role of ligand-activated transcriptional regulators, belonging to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, is now well established. The NRs, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, retinoic X receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, and the basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-Sim family member, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, are the main regulators of the detoxification function. According to the panel of mediators secreted during inflammation, a cascade of numerous signaling pathways is activated, including nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Complex cross-talk is established between these signaling pathways regulating either constitutive or induced gene expression. In most cases, a mutual antagonism between xenosensor and inflammation signaling occurs. This review focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in this cross-talk.
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30
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Falck D, Kool J, Honing M, Niessen WMA. Tandem mass spectrometry study of p38α kinase inhibitors and related substances. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:718-731. [PMID: 23722963 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α (p38α) is an important drug target widely investigated for therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases. Its inhibitors are rather lipophilic and as such not very favourable lead compounds in drug discovery. Therefore, we explored various approaches to access new chemical space, create diversity, and generate lead libraries with improved solubility and reduced lipophilicity, based on known p38α inhibitors, e.g., BIRB796 and TAK-715. Compound modification strategies include incubation with human liver microsomes and bacterial cytochrome P450 mutants from Bacillus megaterium and treatment by electrochemical oxidation, H2O2, and intense light irradiation. The MS/MS fragmentation pathways of p38α inhibitors and their conversion products have been studied in an ion-trap-time-of-flight MS(n) instrument. Interpretation of accurate mass MS(n) data for four sets of related compounds revealed unexpected and peculiar fragmentation pathways that are discussed in detail. Emphasis is put on the usefulness of HRMS(n)-based structure elucidation in a screening setting and on peculiarities of the fragmentation with regard to the analytes and the MS instrument. In one example, an intramolecular rearrangement reaction accompanied by the loss of a bulky group is observed. For BIRB796, the double-charge precursor ion is used in MS(2), providing a wider range of fragment ions in our instrument. For TAK-715, a number of related compounds could be produced in a large-scale incubation with a Bacillus megaterium mutant, thus enabling comparison of the structure elucidation by (1)H NMR and MS(n). A surprisingly large number of homolytic cleavages are observed. Competition between two fragmentation pathways involving either the loss of CH3(•) or OH(•) radicals was observed for SB203580 and its conversion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Falck
- AIMMS Division of BioMolecular Analysis, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Pharmacological inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases affects KC/CXCL1-induced intraluminal crawling, transendothelial migration, and chemotaxis of neutrophils in vivo. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:290565. [PMID: 23533303 PMCID: PMC3603207 DOI: 10.1155/2013/290565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is critical in the pathophysiology of a variety of inflammatory processes. Leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation is a multistep process governed by specific signalling cascades. After adhesion in the lumen, many leukocytes crawl to optimal sites at endothelial junctions and transmigrate to extravascular tissue in a Mac-1-dependent manner. The signalling mechanisms that regulate postadhesion steps of intraluminal crawling, transmigration, and chemotaxis in tissue remain incompletely understood. The present study explored the effect of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on various parameters of neutrophil recruitment triggered by chemokine KC (CXCL1) gradient. Neutrophil-endothelial interactions in microvasculature of murine cremaster muscle were determined using intravital microscopy and time-lapsed video analysis. SB203580 (100 nM) did not change leukocyte rolling but significantly attenuated neutrophil adhesion, emigration, and transmigration and impaired the initiation of neutrophil crawling and transmigration. In response to KC chemotactic gradient, SB203580 significantly reduced the velocity of migration and chemotaxis index of neutrophils in tissue. The upregulation of Mac-1 expression in neutrophils stimulated by KC was significantly blunted by SB203580 in vitro. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that pharmacological suppression of p38 MAPK significantly impairs multiple steps of neutrophil recruitment in vivo.
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Vrba J, Gažák R, Kuzma M, Papoušková B, Vacek J, Weiszenstein M, Křen V, Ulrichová J. A Novel Semisynthetic Flavonoid 7-O-Galloyltaxifolin Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 Cells via MAPK/Nrf2 Pathway. J Med Chem 2013; 56:856-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3013344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Gažák
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papoušková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies
and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17 listopadu 12, Olomouc
77146, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc
77515, Czech Republic
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Cao M, Liu F, Ji F, Liang J, Liu L, Wu Q, Wang T. Effect of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in morphine-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Behav Brain Res 2012; 237:249-55. [PMID: 23026374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Opioids have been widely used in clinical practice as potent pain relievers for centuries. However, opioids have many deleterious effects. It has been reported that opioid increases tau protein phosphorylation. Hyperphosphorylation of tau is also a pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease and other chronic neurodegenerative disorders. However, the underlying mechanism by which opioids enhance tau phosphorylation is not yet known. In this study, we treated rat embryo cortical neurons with morphine and observed its effect on tau phosphorylation. We found that morphine induced tau hyperphosphorylation and increased levels of phospho-JNK and phospho-p38; these effects were blocked by pretreatment with naloxone. Inhibition of JNK by SP600125 significantly reduced tau hyperphosphorylation in neurons treated with morphine. Similarly, SB203580, an antagonist of p38 MAPK, abolished tau hyperphosphorylation in neurons treated with morphine. Our data suggest that JNK/p38 MAPK, activated by morphine in an opioid receptor-dependent manner, may lead to tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Doricakova A, Novotna A, Vrzal R, Pavek P, Dvorak Z. The role of residues T248, Y249 and T422 in the function of human pregnane X receptor. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:291-301. [PMID: 22976785 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a key xenobiotic receptor that regulates the expression of numerous drug-metabolizing enzymes. Some posttranslational mechanisms modulate its transcriptional activity. Although several kinases have been shown to directly phosphorylate this receptor, little is known about phosphorylation sites of PXR. In the present work, we examined T248, Y249 and T422 putative phosphorylation sites determined based on in silico consensus kinase site prediction analysis. T248 and T422 residues are critical for the interaction of the PXR ligand-binding domain and the activation function-2 (AF2) domain. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis was performed to generate phospho-deficient and phospho-mimetic mutants. We examined transactivation activity of the PXR mutants in gene reporter assays, formation of PXRmutant/RXRα heterodimer, binding of PXR mutants to the CYP3A4 gene response element DR3 and CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells after expression of the mutants. We found that T248D mutant activated CYP3A4 transactivation constitutively regardless of the presence or absence of a ligand. Contrary, T248V mutant exhibited low basal and ligand-inducible transactivation capacity as compared to wild-type PXR. Dose-response analysis revealed reduced ligand-dependent transactivation potency of PXR Y249D mutant. Transactivation of the CYP3A4 promoter was abolished with T422A/D mutants. All PXR mutants formed heterodimer with RXRα at a similar level to that observed with wild-type PXR. The ability to bind to DNA in vitro was substantially decreased in case of T248D, T422D and T248V mutants. Our data thus indicate that phosphorylation of T248, Y249 and T422 residues may be critical for the both basal and ligand-activated function of PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Doricakova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetic, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Hoppe-Seyler K, Sauer P, Lohrey C, Hoppe-Seyler F. The inhibitors of nucleotide biosynthesis leflunomide, FK778, and mycophenolic acid activate hepatitis B virus replication in vitro. Hepatology 2012; 56:9-16. [PMID: 22271223 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The inhibitors of pyrimidine synthesis, leflunomide and FK778, have been reported to exert broad antiviral effects, in addition to their immunosuppressive activities. Their possible therapeutic benefit for transplantation medicine is currently discussed, because they also block the replication of human cytomegalovirus and human polyomavirus BK, which both cause important complications in transplant recipients. Here, we show that leflunomide and FK778 strongly enhance hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro. This activity is shared by mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of purine biosynthesis. Stimulation of HBV replication by these agents was linked to their inhibitory effects on de novo nucleotide biosynthesis because it could be efficiently counteracted by external nucleoside supply. Mechanistically, we found that mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 played a key role for the enhancement of HBV replication by leflunomide, FK778, and MPA. All three HBV-activating compounds increased p38 phosphorylation, in contrast to the HBV inhibitors, telbivudine and cyclosporine A. Moreover, silencing of p38 expression through RNA interference efficiently counteracted the stimulatory effect of leflunomide, FK778, and MPA on HBV replication. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that, in contrast to their reported inhibitory effects on other viruses, both leflunomide and FK778 can augment HBV replication. Treatment with leflunomide, FK778, or MPA may bear the risk to enhance HBV replication in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Bitman M, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z, Pavek P. Valproate activates ERK signaling pathway in primary human hepatocytes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 158:39-43. [PMID: 23073524 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely-used anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing agent. VPA is also known to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) affecting the expression of numerous genes. METHODS In the present study, we examined the effect of VPA on the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK, p42/p44) pathway (Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK) belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in primary human hepatocytes. In the liver, the pathway is associated with progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS We found that VPA in a therapeutically relevant concentration (500 µM) activates the ERK pathway, as indicated by increased ERK Thr202/Tyr204 phosphorylation. Interestingly, a prototype HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A, also activated ERK phosphorylation in primary human hepatocytes. These data suggest that HDAC inhibition might be the primary stimulus for ERK pathway activation in primary human hepatocytes. Notably, U0126, a MEK1 inhibitor, was ineffective in inhibiting ERK pathway activation, likely due to its metabolic deactivation in metabolically competent primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSION We conclude that VPA activates the ERK pathway in primary human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bitman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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On-line electrochemistry-bioaffinity screening with parallel HR-LC-MS for the generation and characterization of modified p38α kinase inhibitors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:367-75. [PMID: 22227812 PMCID: PMC3314180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an integrated approach is developed for the formation, identification and biological characterization of electrochemical conversion products of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. This work demonstrates the hyphenation of an electrochemical reaction cell with a continuous-flow bioaffinity assay and parallel LC-HR-MS. Competition of the formed products with a tracer (SKF-86002) that shows fluorescence enhancement in the orthosteric binding site of the p38α kinase is the readout for bioaffinity. Parallel HR-MSn experiments provided information on the identity of binders and non-binders. Finally, the data produced with this on-line system were compared to electrochemical conversion products generated off-line. The electrochemical conversion of 1-{6-chloro-5-[(2R,5S)-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl]-3aH-indol-3-yl}-2-morpholinoethane-1,2-dione resulted in eight products, three of which showed bioaffinity in the continuous-flow p38α bioaffinity assay used. Electrochemical conversion of BIRB796 resulted, amongst others, in the formation of the reactive quinoneimine structure and its corresponding hydroquinone. Both products were detected in the p38α bioaffinity assay, which indicates binding to the p38α kinase.
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38
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Distinct regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activities is coupled with enhanced cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2011; 7:198-209. [PMID: 21907163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells is mandatory to provide functional heart muscle cells for novel therapies. Here, we have investigated the enhancing effect of the small molecule SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, on cardiomyogenesis in hESC by monitoring the phosphorylation patterns of the major MAPK pathway components p38, JNK and ERK by western immunoblotting. A remarkable drop in phosphorylation levels of all three MAPK pathways was induced after overnight embryoid body (EB) formation. Upon further differentiation, phosphorylation dynamics in EBs were specifically altered by distinct inhibitor concentrations. At 5μM of SB203580, cardiomyogenesis was most efficient and associated with the expected p38 pathway inhibition. In parallel, JNK activation was observed suggesting a regulatory interlink between these pathways in hESC ultimately supporting cardiac differentiation. In contrast, moderately elevated SB203580 concentrations (15-30μM) resulted in complete disruption of cardiomyogenesis which was associated with prominent inhibition of ERK and further elevated JNK activity. We propose that a tightly-balanced pattern in MAPK phosphorylation is important for early mesoderm and subsequent cardiomyocyte formation. Our data provide novel insights into molecular consequences of small molecule supplementation in hESC differentiation, emphasizing the role of MAPK-signaling.
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High temperature liquid chromatography hyphenated with ESI-MS and ICP-MS detection for the structural characterization and quantification of halogen containing drug metabolites. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 698:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Pont-Giralt M, Godessart N, Balagué C. Differential pharmacological behaviour of p38 inhibitors in regulating the LPS-induced TNF-α production in human and rat whole blood in vitro. Inflammation 2011; 34:119-32. [PMID: 20446028 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p38 inhibitors are potent TNF-α suppressors in LPS-stimulated human whole blood and promote efficacy in the rat adjuvant arthritis model. However, the anti-TNF-α activity of p38 inhibitors in rat whole blood has not been explored, preventing the establishment of a potential relation between in vitro and in vivo activity data in the same species. We have pharmacologically characterized a rat whole blood assay based on LPS stimulation. While p38 inhibitors showed good activity in the human assay, they failed to inhibit TNF-α in the rat whole blood assay. At high LPS concentration some compounds even potentiated TNF-α production in the rat assay, which could be reverted in the presence of the ERK pathway inhibitor U0126. Our results suggest that p38 contributes directly to TNF-α production in human whole blood while playing a negative regulatory role in rat blood which can be overridden by p38 inhibition in the presence of high stimulus concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pont-Giralt
- Autoimmunity Department, R&D Centre, Almirall S.A. Laureà Miró 410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Dickmann LJ, Patel SK, Rock DA, Wienkers LC, Slatter JG. Effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody on drug-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte culture. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1415-22. [PMID: 21555507 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.038679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine-mediated suppression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by inflammatory disease and the relief of this suppression by successful disease treatment have recently become an issue in the development of drug interaction labels for new biological products. This study examined the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) on drug-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte culture and the abrogation of these effects by a monoclonal antibody directed against IL-6. Treatment of human hepatocytes with IL-6 (n = 9 donors) revealed pan-suppression of mRNA of 10 major cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, but with EC(50) values that differed by isoenzyme. Some EC(50) values were above the range of clinically relevant serum concentrations of IL-6. Marker activities for CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme were similarly suppressed by IL-6 in both freshly isolated and cryopreserved hepatocytes. IL-6 suppressed induction of CYP1A2 enzyme activity by omeprazole and CYP3A4 enzyme activity by rifampicin but only at supraphysiological concentrations of IL-6. Glycosylated and nonglycosylated IL-6 did not significantly differ in their ability to suppress CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme activity. A monoclonal antibody directed against IL-6 abolished or partially blocked IL-6-mediated suppression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme activity, respectively. These data indicate that experimentation with IL-6 and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies in human hepatocyte primary culture can quantitatively measure cytochrome P450 suppression and desuppression and determine EC(50) values for IL-6 against individual cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. However, the complex biology of inflammatory disease may not allow for quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of these simple in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Dickmann
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, WA 98119, USA.
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42
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Vrzal R, Doricakova A, Novotna A, Bachleda P, Bitman M, Pavek P, Dvorak Z. Valproic acid augments vitamin D receptor-mediated induction of CYP24 by vitamin D3: A possible cause of valproic acid-induced osteomalacia? Toxicol Lett 2011; 200:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 21:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Pons M, Cousins SW, Csaky KG, Striker G, Marin-Castaño ME. Cigarette smoke-related hydroquinone induces filamentous actin reorganization and heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation through p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in retinal pigment epithelium: implications for age-related macular degeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1198-213. [PMID: 20651235 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-derived membranous debris named blebs, may accumulate and contribute to sub-RPE deposit formation, which is the earliest sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidative injury to the RPE might play a significant role in AMD. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We previously reported that hydroquinone (HQ), a major pro-oxidant in cigarette smoke, foodstuff, and atmospheric pollutants, induces actin rearrangement and membrane blebbing in RPE cells as well as sub-RPE deposits in mice. Here, we show for the first time that phosphorylated Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a key regulator of actin filaments dynamics, is up-regulated in RPE from patients with AMD. Also, HQ-induced nonlethal oxidative injury led to Hsp27mRNA up-regulation, dimer formation, and Hsp27 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, we found that a cross talk between p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mediates HQ-induced Hsp27 phosphorylation and actin aggregate formation, revealing ERK as a novel upstream mediator of Hsp27 phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated that Hsp25, p38, and ERK phosphorylation are increased in aging C57BL/6 mice chronically exposed to HQ, whereas Hsp25 expression is decreased. Our data suggest that phosphorylated Hsp27 might be a key mediator in AMD and HQ-induced oxidative injury to the RPE, which may provide helpful insights into the early cellular events associated with actin reorganization and bleb formation involved in sub-RPE deposits formation relevant to the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Pons
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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45
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Ren SW, Li J, Wang W, Guan HS. Protective effects of kappa-ca3000+CP against ultraviolet-induced damage in HaCaT and MEF cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:22-30. [PMID: 20638296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the complex kappa-ca3000+CP combined collagen peptide with kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharide was tested for its ability to moderate UV-induced damage and investigated for its protective mechanism against UV radiation. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were used to monitor the effects of kappa-ca3000+CP on cell viability, apoptosis, level of collagen I and MMP-1, MAPKs activation and intracellular ROS production after UV-irradiation. The results indicated that application of the kappa-ca3000+CP (100 microg/ml) could significantly attenuate UV-induced HaCaT and MEF death, as well as inhibit the UV-induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells. The decreased collagen I synthesis and the increased MMP-1 expression of MEF by UV radiation were almost restored back to normal level after treatment with kappa-ca3000+CP. Moreover, kappa-ca3000+CP could significantly suppress UV-induced MAPKs activation and intracellular ROS production. Taken together, these results showed that antioxidant property of kappa-ca3000+CP can effectively attenuate UV-caused cell damage and skin photoaging by suppressing cell apoptosis and expression of MMP-1 through the MAPKs signaling pathways. Thus, kappa-ca3000+CP has potential antiaging effects and prominent protective effects on UV-induced skin cell damages, which might be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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46
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Vrzal R, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Maurel P, Dvorák Z. Comparative effects of microtubules disruption on glucocorticoid receptor functions in proliferating and quiescent cells. Int J Toxicol 2010; 29:326-35. [PMID: 20448266 DOI: 10.1177/1091581810366486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the alkaloid colchicine (COL) inhibits glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity. In addition, we described proteasome-mediated degradation of GR in COL-treated HeLa cells. While these effects were previously attributed to cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, this explanation is not applicable for nonproliferating cells such as human hepatocytes (HH). In the current study, we compared COL-mediated microtubule disruption and cell cycle arrest with selected GR functions in HeLa cells and HH as models of proliferating and quiescent cells, respectively. Microtubule disruption led to irreversible decrease in GR binding capacity and protein level in HeLa cells. None of the parameters was restored 24 hours after COL withdrawal. In contrast, dexamethasone (DEX) binding was increased in HH at the beginning of the treatment, with following transient activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The findings of these investigations emphasize the GR-signaling differences between primary and transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Slechtitelů 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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47
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Moldrup ML, Georg B, Falktoft B, Mortensen R, Hansen JL, Fahrenkrug J. Light inducesFosexpression via extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in melanopsin-expressing PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2010; 112:797-806. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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48
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Hughes PJ, Marcinkowska E, Gocek E, Studzinski GP, Brown G. Vitamin D3-driven signals for myeloid cell differentiation--implications for differentiation therapy. Leuk Res 2009; 34:553-65. [PMID: 19811822 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Primitive myeloid leukemic cell lines can be driven to differentiate to monocyte-like cells by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), and, therefore, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may be useful in differentiation therapy of myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Recent studies have provided important insights into the mechanism of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated differentiation. For myeloid progenitors to complete monocytic differentiation a complex network of intracellular signals has to be activated and/or inactivated in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) achieves this change to the 'signaling landscape' by (i) direct genomic modulation of the level of expression of key regulators of cell signaling and differentiation pathways, and (ii) activation of intracellular signaling pathways. An improved understanding of the mode of action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is facilitating the development of new therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
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49
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Burnette BL, Selness S, Devraj R, Jungbluth G, Kurumbail R, Stillwell L, Anderson G, Mnich S, Hirsch J, Compton R, De Ciechi P, Hope H, Hepperle M, Keith RH, Naing W, Shieh H, Portanova J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Leimgruber RM, Monahan J. SD0006: a potent, selective and orally available inhibitor of p38 kinase. Pharmacology 2009; 84:42-60. [PMID: 19590255 DOI: 10.1159/000227286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SD0006 is a diarylpyrazole that was prepared as an inhibitor of p38 kinase-alpha (p38alpha). In vitro, SD0006 was selective for p38alpha kinase over 50 other kinases screened (including p38gamma and p38delta with modest selectivity over p38beta). Crystal structures with p38alpha show binding at the ATP site with additional residue interactions outside the ATP pocket unique to p38alpha that can confer advantages over other ATP competitive inhibitors. Direct correlation between inhibition of p38alpha activity and that of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNFalpha release was established in cellular models and in vivo, including a phase 1 clinical trial. Potency (IC(50)) for inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) release, in vitro and in vivo, was <200 nmol/l. In vivo, SD0006 was effective in the rat streptococcal-cell-wall-induced arthritis model, with dramatic protective effects on paw joint integrity and bone density as shown by radiographic analysis. In the murine collagen-induced arthritis model, equivalence was demonstrated to anti-TNFalpha treatment. SD0006 also demonstrated good oral anti-inflammatory efficacy with excellent cross-species correlation between the rat, cynomolgus monkey, and human. SD0006 suppressed expression of multiple proinflammatory proteins at both the transcriptional and translational levels. These properties suggest SD0006 could provide broader therapeutic efficacy than cytokine-targeted monotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry L Burnette
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Chesterfield, Mo. 63017, USA.
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50
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Trasino SE, Kim YS, Wang TTY. Ligand, receptor, and cell type-dependent regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA in prostate cancer epithelial cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1934-45. [PMID: 19531574 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the liver X receptor (LXR) is a potential anticancer target in prostate carcinoma. There is little characterization, however, of which of the two LXR isoforms, LXRalpha or LXRbeta, regulates the LXR-responsive genes ATP-binding cassette subfamily members A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) in transformed prostatic epithelial cells. In this study, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to determine whether LXRalpha or LXRbeta is involved in regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Treatment of both cell lines with the synthetic LXR ligand T0901317 and oxysterols: 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) and 24(S), 25-epoxycholesterol (24,25EC), resulted in more than a 10-fold increase of ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression. Transfection of LNCaP cells with siRNA against either LXRbeta or LXRalpha failed to inhibit T0901317 and 25HC-mediated increase of ABCA1 mRNA. siRNA silencing of LXRbeta did, however, inhibit ABCA1 mRNA expression in 24,25EC-treated LNCaP cells. In contrast, LXRbeta siRNA inhibited T0901317, 25HC, and 24,25EC induction of ABCA1 mRNA in PC-3 cells and ABCG1 mRNA in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Additional experiments revealed that T0901317 and 25HC induction of ABCA1 mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by the p38 stress kinase antagonist SB202190 and PKA inhibitor H89. Our study is the first to show that LXRbeta, but not LXRalpha, is the major regulatory isoform of ABCG1 mRNA expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Our study also reveals that ABCA1 gene expression is differentially regulated by synthetic and natural LXR ligands, possibly involving kinase mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Trasino
- Diet, Genomics, & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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