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Ismael S, Rodrigues C, Santos GM, Castela I, Barreiros-Mota I, Almeida MJ, Calhau C, Faria A, Araújo JR. IPA and its precursors differently modulate the proliferation, differentiation, and integrity of intestinal epithelial cells. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:616-630. [PMID: 37529264 PMCID: PMC10375328 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan-derived microbial metabolite that has been associated with protective effects against inflammatory and metabolic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effects of IPA under physiological conditions and at the intestinal level. MATERIALS/METHODS Human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were treated for 2, 24, and/or 72 h with IPA or its precursors - indole, tryptophan, and propionate - at 1, 10, 100, 250, or 500 μM to assess cell viability, integrity, differentiation, and proliferation. RESULTS IPA induced cell proliferation and this effect was associated with a higher expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and a lower expression of c-Jun. Although indole and propionate also induced cell proliferation, this involved ERK2 and c-Jun independent mechanisms. On the other hand, both tryptophan and propionate increased cell integrity and reduced the expression of claudin-1, whereas propionate decreased cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings suggested that IPA and its precursors distinctly contribute to the proliferation, differentiation, and barrier function properties of human intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, the pro-proliferative effect of IPA in intestinal epithelial cells was not explained by its precursors and is rather related to its whole chemical structure. Maintaining IPA at physiological levels, e.g., through IPA-producing commensal bacteria, may be important to preserve the integrity of the intestinal barrier and play an integral role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shámila Ismael
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rodrigues
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Maia Santos
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Castela
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Barreiros-Mota
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Almeida
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Ricardo Araújo
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS - FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Kang X, Li C, Liu S, Baldwin RL, Liu GE, Li CJ. Genome-Wide Acetylation Modification of H3K27ac in Bovine Rumen Cell Following Butyrate Exposure. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1137. [PMID: 37509173 PMCID: PMC10377523 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate contributes epigenetically to the changes in cellular function and tissue development of the rumen in ruminant animals, which might be achieved by its genetic or epigenetic regulation of gene expression. To explore the role of butyrate on bovine rumen epithelial function and development, this study characterized genome-wide H3K27ac modification changes and super-enhancer profiles in rumen epithelial primary cells (REPC) induced with butyrate by ChIP-seq, and analyzed its effects on gene expression and functional pathways by integrating RNA-seq data. The results showed that genome-wide acetylation modification was observed in the REPC with 94,675 and 48,688 peaks in the butyrate treatment and control group, respectively. A total of 9750 and 5020 genes with increased modification (H3K27ac-gain) and decreased modification (H3K27ac-loss) were detected in the treatment group. The super-enhancer associated genes in the butyrate-induction group were involved in the AMPK signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Finally, the up-regulated genes (PLCG1, CLEC3B, IGSF23, OTOP3, ADTRP) with H3K27ac gain modification by butyrate were involved in cholesterol metabolism, lysosome, cell adhesion molecules, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Butyrate treatment has the role of genome-wide H3K27ac acetylation on bovine REPC, and affects the changes in gene expression. The effect of butyrate on gene expression correlates with the acetylation of the H3K27ac level. Identifying genome-wide acetylation modifications and expressed genes of butyrate in bovine REPC cells will expand the understanding of the biological role of butyrate and its acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Kang
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Ransom L Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Cong-Jun Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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3
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Chen M, Yao H, Tan H, Huang W, Wu Q, Nie S. Impact of Bifidobacterium longum NSP001 on DSS-induced colitis in conventional and humanised mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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You H, Tan Y, Yu D, Qiu S, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. The Therapeutic Effect of SCFA-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Environment on Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886902. [PMID: 35662937 PMCID: PMC9157426 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal environment disorder is a potential pathological mechanism of obesity. There is increasing evidence that disorders in the homeostasis of the intestinal environment can affect various metabolic organs, such as fat and liver, and lead to metabolic diseases. However, there are few therapeutic approaches for obesity targeting the intestinal environment. In this review, on the one hand, we discuss how intestinal microbial metabolites SCFA regulate intestinal function to improve obesity and the possible mechanisms and pathways related to obesity-related pathological processes (depending on SCFA-related receptors such as GPCRs, MCT and SMCT, and through epigenetic processes). On the other hand, we discuss dietary management strategies to enrich SCFA-producing bacteria and target specific SCFA-producing bacteria and whether fecal bacteria transplantation therapy to restore the composition of the gut microbiota to regulate SCFA can help prevent or improve obesity. Finally, we believe that it will be of great significance to establish a working model of gut– SCFA– metabolic disease development in the future for the improvement this human health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin You
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Qiu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Couto MR, Gonçalves P, Magro F, Martel F. Microbiota-derived butyrate regulates intestinal inflammation: Focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Peixoto J, Álvarez-Rivera G, Alves RC, Costa ASG, Andrade N, Moreira A, Cifuentes A, Martel F, Oliveira MBPP, Ibáñez E. Cherry stem infusions: antioxidant potential and phenolic profile by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Food Funct 2020; 11:3471-3482. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study highlights not only the antioxidant potential of cherry stem infusion but also the need to globally harmonize the control and regulation of herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Peixoto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Porto
| | | | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Porto
| | - Anabela S. G. Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Porto
| | - Nelson Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Porto
| | - Andreia Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Porto
- Porto
| | | | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine – Unit of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto
- University of Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | | | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics
- Institute of Food Science Research
- CIAL
- CSIC
- Madrid
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7
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Zakłos-Szyda M, Pawlik N, Polka D, Nowak A, Koziołkiewicz M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus Fruit Phenolic Compounds as Cytoprotective Agents Able to Decrease Free Fatty Acids and Glucose Uptake by Caco-2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080262. [PMID: 31374918 PMCID: PMC6721057 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying food-originated phytocompounds with beneficial influences for humans. Amongst the most active natural substances are polyphenols, for which high content has been identified in the Viburnum opulus berry, and which are unused in Western Europe. Due to its strong antioxidant activity we explored the potential of V. opulus as a preventive agent against diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Among the causes of these ailments is oxidative stress, as well as impaired glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) uptake. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine biological activity of V. opulus phenolic extracts as cytoprotective agents able to decrease induced oxidative stress, lower lipid accumulation and attenuate glucose and FFA uptake by Caco-2 cells via GLUT2 and CD36/FAT transporters. To determine the source of the most biologically active phenolic compounds, we obtained four phenolic compounds extracts as crude juice, phenolics isolated from juice and two preparations of phenolics obtained with different extraction agents from fruit pomace. Among the studied extracts, the phenolic rich fraction obtained from fruit juice revealed the strongest activity to decrease uptake of glucose, FFA and accumulation of lipid droplets in Caco-2 cells without affecting their viability (IC0 50 μg/mL). Observed uptake attenuation was followed by decrease of the CD36/FAT gene expression, without influence on the GLUT2 and PPARα levels. We suspect that V. opulus phenolics were able to modulate the cellular membrane dynamic, although that hypothesis requires further, more detailed studies. Extracts revealed strong chemo-preventive activity against oxidative stress induced chemically by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH), as well as against DNA damage through the induction of DNA repair after cell exposition to methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and H2O2. Our findings suggest Viburnum opulus fruit as a dietary source of phytocompounds, which could be considered as a tailored design food supplement components for the prevention and treatment of postprandial elevation of glucose and fatty acids through delaying the rate of glucose and fatty acid absorption by intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Nina Pawlik
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Polka
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Koziołkiewicz
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Wang C, Cao S, Zhang Q, Shen Z, Feng J, Hong Q, Lu J, Xie F, Peng Y, Hu C. Dietary Tributyrin Attenuates Intestinal Inflammation, Enhances Mitochondrial Function, and Induces Mitophagy in Piglets Challenged with Diquat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1409-1417. [PMID: 30599507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of butyric acid, in the form of tributyrin on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial function in diquat-challenged pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allocated to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main effects of tributyrin supplementation and diquat challenge. The results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased ( P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake of diquat-challenged pigs. Tributyrin elevated ( P < 0.05) the activities of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, reduced ( P < 0.05) malondialdehyde content, and increased ( P < 0.05) mRNA levels of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase of diquat-challenged pigs. Tributyrin relieved ( P < 0.05) intestinal inflammation reflected by decreased mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 in the intestine. Tributyrin reduced ( P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and d-lactate content, increased ( P < 0.05) transepithelial electrical resistance, decreased paracellular flux of dextran (4 kDa), and prevented the diquat-induced decrease ( P < 0.05) in the expressions of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1. Tributyrin alleviated ( P < 0.05) diquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction shown by lowered reactive oxygen species, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased adenosine triphosphate content. Furthermore, tributyrin increased ( P < 0.05) expressions of mitophagy proteins (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 and Parkin), and ratio of light chain 3-II to light chain 3-I in intestine. Collectively, tributyrin attenuated oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, improved mitochondrial function, and induced mitophagy in diquat-challenged pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Wang
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Shuting Cao
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Zhuojun Shen
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Qihua Hong
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
| | - Fei Xie
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd. , Shanghai 201807 , P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd. , Shanghai 201807 , P.R. China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
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9
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Roychowdhury S, Glueck B, Han Y, Mohammad MA, Cresci GAM. A Designer Synbiotic Attenuates Chronic-Binge Ethanol-Induced Gut-Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E97. [PMID: 30621265 PMCID: PMC6357124 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis and altered short-chain fatty acids are associated with ethanol-induced liver injury. SCFA are fermentation byproducts of the gut microbiota known to have many beneficial biological effects. We tested if a designer synbiotic could protect against ethanol-induced gut-liver injury. C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to chronic-binge ethanol feeding consisting of ethanol (5% vol/vol) for 10 days, followed by a single gavage (5 g/kg body weight) 6 h before euthanasia. A group of mice also received oral supplementation daily with a designer synbiotic, and another group received fecal slurry (FS); control animals received saline. Control mice were isocalorically substituted maltose dextran for ethanol over the entire exposure period. Ethanol exposure reduced expression of tight junction proteins in the proximal colon and induced hepatocyte injury and steatosis. Synbiotic supplementation not only mitigated losses in tight junction protein expression, but also prevented ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatocyte injury. Ethanol exposure also increased hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, which was also attenuated by synbiotic supplementation. Mice receiving FS were not protected from ethanol-induced liver injury or steatosis. Results were associated with luminal SCFA levels and SCFA transporter expression in the proximal colon and liver. These results indicate supplementation with a designer synbiotic is effective in attenuating chronic-binge ethanol-induced gut-liver injury and steatosis in mice, and highlight the beneficial effects of the gut microbial fermentation byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Bryan Glueck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Yingchun Han
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Mahmoud Ali Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
- Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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10
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Andrade N, Silva C, Martel F. The effect of oxidative stress upon intestinal sugar transport: an in vitro study using human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1236-1246. [PMID: 30542607 PMCID: PMC6243649 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers and inflammatory bowel disease, is associated with increased oxidative stress levels. We aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH) on the uptake of 3H-deoxy-d-glucose (3H-DG) and 14C-fructose by the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. TBH (500 μM; 24 h) increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels and was not cytotoxic. TBH (500 μM; 24 h) increased uptake of both low (SGLT1-mediated) and high concentrations (SGLT1- and GLUT2-mediated) of 3H-DG, but did not affect absorption of 14C-fructose (GLUT2- and GLUT5-mediated). The polyphenol chrysin abolished the increase in TBARS levels and the increase in uptake of both low and high concentrations of 3H-DG induced by TBH. On the other hand, TBH blocked the inhibitory effect of chrysin on 14C-fructose uptake. 3H-DG uptake, but not 14C-fructose uptake, was sensitive to sweet taste receptor (STRs) inhibition (with lactisole). The inhibitory effect of lactisole in relation to uptake of 3H-DG (10 nM) (SGLT1-mediated), but not in relation to uptake of 3H-DG (50 mM) (SGLT1- and GLUT2-mediated), was abolished in the presence of TBH. So, these results show that the stimulatory effect of STRs on SGLT1-mediated transport is dependent on oxidative stress levels. In conclusion, this work shows that uptake of both 3H-DG and 14C-fructose is sensitive to oxidative stress levels. Moreover, it suggests that the three distinct transporters involved in the intestinal absorption of glucose and fructose (SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5) have different sensitivities to oxidative stress levels, SGLT1 being the most sensitive and GLUT5 the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Andrade
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine of Porto , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine of Porto , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine - Unit of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine of Porto , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal .
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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The effect of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide under distinct folic acid conditions: An in vitro study using cultured human trophoblast-derived cells. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:33-42. [PMID: 29425713 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by high maternal blood pressure, fetal growth restriction and intrauterine hypoxia. Folic acid is a vitamin required during pregnancy. In this work, we investigated the relationship between preeclampsia and the intake of distinct doses of folic acid during pregnancy. Considering that preeclampsia is associated with increased placental oxidative stress levels, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH) in human trophoblast-derived cells cultured upon deficient/low, physiological and supra-physiological folic acid levels. The negative effect of TBH upon thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total, reduced and oxidized glutathione, cell viability, cell proliferation, culture growth and cell migration was more marked under folic acid excess. This study suggests more attention on the dose administered, and ultimately, on the overall folic acid levels during pregnancy, in the context of preeclampsia risk.
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Elce A, Amato F, Zarrilli F, Calignano A, Troncone R, Castaldo G, Canani R. Butyrate modulating effects on pro-inflammatory pathways in human intestinal epithelial cells. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:841-847. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate acts as energy source for intestinal epithelial cells and as key mediator of several immune processes, modulating gene expression mainly through histone deacetylation inhibition. Thanks to these effects, butyrate has been proposed for the treatment of many intestinal diseases. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of butyrate on the expression of a large series of target genes encoding proteins involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. We performed quantitative real-time-PCR analysis of the expression of 86 genes encoding proteins bearing to pro-inflammatory pathways, before and after butyrate exposure, in primary epithelial cells derived from human small intestine and colon. Butyrate significantly down-regulated the expression of genes involved in inflammatory response, among which nuclear factor kappa beta, interferon-gamma, Toll like 2 receptor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Further confirmations of these data, including studies at protein level, would support the use of butyrate as effective therapeutic strategy in intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Elce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, 80132 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - F. Amato
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - F. Zarrilli
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Isernia, Italy
| | - A. Calignano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Montesano, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - R. Troncone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Castaldo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - R.B. Canani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Andrade N, Araújo JR, Correia-Branco A, Carletti JV, Martel F. Effect of dietary polyphenols on fructose uptake by human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Couto MR, Gonçalves P, Catarino TA, Martel F. The Effect of Inflammatory Status on Butyrate and Folate Uptake by Tumoral (Caco-2) and Non-Tumoral (IEC-6) Intestinal Epithelial Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:96-105. [PMID: 28580313 PMCID: PMC5448317 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in occidental countries. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) is associated with an increased risk for CRC development. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory status and absorption of nutrients with a role in CRC pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we evaluated the in vitro effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IF-γ), and acetylsalicylic acid on 14C-butyrate (14C- BT), 3H-folic acid (3H-FA) uptake, and on proliferation, viability and differentiation of Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells in culture. RESULTS The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and INF-γ were found to decrease uptake of a low concentration of 14C-BT (10 µM) by Caco-2 (tumoral) and IEC-6 (normal) intestinal epithelial cell lines. However, the effect of TNF-α and INF-γ in IEC-6 cells is most probably related to a cytotoxic and antiproliferative impact. In contrast, INF-γ increases uptake of a high concentration (10 mM) of 14C-BT in Caco-2 cells. The anticarcinogenic effect of BT (10 mM) in these cells is not affected by the presence of this cytokine. On the other hand, acetylsalicylic acid stimulates 14C-BT uptake by Caco-2 cells and potentiates its antiproliferative effect. Finally, both TNF-α and INF-γ cause a significant decrease in 3H-FA uptake by Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION The inflammatory status has an impact upon cellular uptake of BT and FA, two nutrients with a role in CRC pathogenesis. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid potentiates the anticarcinogenic effect of BT in Caco-2 cells by increasing its cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda R. Couto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences,
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences,
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institute Pasteur, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U668,
Paris, France
| | - Telmo A. Catarino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences,
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences,
University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Highlights Fermentation of the dietary fiber by intestinal microflora results in production of butyrate.Butyrate possesses anticarcinogenic effect at the colonic level.Three transporters (MCT1, SMCT1 and BCRP) regulate the intracellular concentration of BT in colonic epithelial cells.Changes in the expression of these transporters occur in colorectal cancer. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common solid tumors worldwide. Consumption of dietary fiber is associated with a low risk of developing CRC. The fermentation of the dietary fiber by intestinal microflora results in production of butyrate (BT). This short-chain fatty acid is an important metabolic substrate in normal colonic epithelial cells and has important homeostatic functions at the colonic level. Because the cellular effects of BT (e.g. inhibition of histone deacetylases) are dependent on its intracellular concentration, knowledge on the mechanisms involved in BT membrane transport and its regulation seems particularly relevant. In this review, we will present the carrier-mediated mechanisms involved in BT membrane transport at the colonic epithelial level and their regulation, with an emphasis on CRC. Several xenobiotics known to modulate the risk for developing CRC are able to interfere with BT transport at the intestinal level. Thus, interference with BT transport certainly contributes to the anticarcinogenic or procarcinogenic effect of these compounds and these compounds may interfere with the anticarcinogenic effect of BT. Finally, we suggest that differences in BT transport between normal colonocytes and tumoral cells contribute to the "BT paradox" (the apparent opposing effect of BT in CRC cells and normal colonocytes).
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Neuroprotective Effect of Sodium Butyrate against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:395895. [PMID: 26064905 PMCID: PMC4439479 DOI: 10.1155/2015/395895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a dietary microbial fermentation product of fiber and serves as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. In this study, we further investigated that NaB attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo and its possible mechanisms. NaB (5, 10 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically 3 h after the onset of reperfusion in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) mice. After 24 h of reperfusion, neurological deficits scores were estimated. Morphological examination was performed by electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Apoptotic neurons were measured by TUNEL; apoptosis-related protein caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, the phosphorylation Akt (p-Akt), and BDNF were assayed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that 10 mg/kg NaB treatment significantly ameliorated neurological deficit and histopathology changes in cerebral I/R injury. Moreover, 10 mg/kg NaB treatment markedly restored the levels of MDA, SOD, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8. 10 mg/kg NaB treatment also remarkably inhibited the apoptosis, decreasing the levels of caspase-3 and Bax and increasing the levels of Bcl-2, p-Akt, and BDNF. This study suggested that NaB exerts neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R injury by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties and BDNF-PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in antiapoptotic effect.
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Araújo JR, Pereira AC, Correia-Branco A, Keating E, Martel F. Oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide interferes with the placental transport of glucose: in vitro studies with BeWo cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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A parallel increase in placental oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses occurs in pre-gestational type 1 but not gestational diabetes. Placenta 2013; 34:1095-8. [PMID: 24054539 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the oxidative stress status in placentas obtained from gestational (GDM) and type 1 (T1D) diabetic pregnancies. Malonaldehyde and protein carbonyls, two biomarkers of oxidative damage, were higher in T1D but not in GDM placentas. Also, higher reduced glutathione and lower oxidized glutathione levels and higher glutathione peroxidase activity were found in T1D but not in GDM placentas. These results suggest that T1D placentas may develop a protective antioxidant mechanism to overcome higher oxidative stress levels.
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Colorectal carcinogenesis: a cellular response to sustained risk environment. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13525-41. [PMID: 23807509 PMCID: PMC3742201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current models for colorectal cancer (CRC) are essentially linear in nature with a sequential progression from adenoma through to carcinoma. However, these views of CRC development do not explain the full body of published knowledge and tend to discount environmental influences. This paper proposes that CRC is a cellular response to prolonged exposure to cytotoxic agents (e.g., free ammonia) as key events within a sustained high-risk colonic luminal environment. This environment is low in substrate for the colonocytes (short chain fatty acids, SCFA) and consequently of higher pH with higher levels of free ammonia and decreased mucosal oxygen supply as a result of lower visceral blood flow. All of these lead to greater and prolonged exposure of the colonic epithelium to a cytotoxic agent with diminished aerobic energy availability. Normal colonocytes faced with this unfavourable environment can transform into CRC cells for survival through epigenetic reprogramming to express genes which increase mobility to allow migration and proliferation. Recent data with high protein diets confirm that genetic damage can be increased, consistent with greater CRC risk. However, this damage can be reversed by increasing SCFA supply by feeding fermentable fibre as resistant starch or arabinoxylan. High protein, low carbohydrate diets have been shown to alter the colonic environment with lower butyrate levels and apparently greater mucosal exposure to ammonia, consistent with our hypothesis. Evidence is drawn from in vivo and in vitro genomic and biochemical studies to frame experiments to test this proposition.
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Araújo JR, Correia-Branco A, Pereira AC, Pinho MJ, Keating E, Martel F. Oxidative stress decreases uptake of neutral amino acids in a human placental cell line (BeWo cells). Reprod Toxicol 2013; 40:76-81. [PMID: 23806338 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the pathophysiology of several pregnancy disorders. We aimed to investigate the effect of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced OS upon the placental transport of the neutral amino acids L-methionine (L-Met) and L-alanine (L-Ala), by using a human trophoblast cell model (BeWo cells). TBHP reduced both total and Na(+)-independent (14)C-L-Met intracellular steady-state accumulation over time (Amax), by reducing non-system L-mediated uptake - most probably system y(+) - while having no effect on system L. Moreover, TBHP reduced total (14)C-L-Ala Amax through an inhibition of system A. The effect of TBHP upon total, but not system A-mediated, (14)C-L-Ala uptake was dependent upon phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and was completely prevented by the polyphenol quercetin. In conclusion, a reduction in placental uptake of neutral amino acids may contribute to the deleterious effects of pregnancy disorders associated with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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