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Li Y, Cheng KC, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Identification of Andrographolide as an Agonist of Bile Acid TGR5 Receptor in a Cell Line to Demonstrate the Reduction in Hyperglycemia in Type-1 Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1417. [PMID: 37895888 PMCID: PMC10610544 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (ADG) is contained in bitter plants, and its effects are widely thought to be associated with taste receptors. The current study used animal studies and cell lines to investigate the role of ADG in diabetic models. The Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) was directly influenced by ADG, and this boosted GLP-1 synthesis in CHO-K1 cells transfected with the TGR5 gene. However, this was not seen in TGR5-mutant cells. The human intestinal L-cell line NCI-H716 showed an increase in GLP-1 production in response to ADG. In NCI-H716 cells, the TGR5 inhibitor triamterene reduced the effects of ADG, including the rise in TGR5 mRNA levels that ADG caused. Additionally, as with the antihyperglycemic impact in type-1 diabetic rats, the increase in plasma-active GLP-1 level caused by ADG was enhanced by a DPP-4 inhibitor. The recovery of the hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and the increase in plasma GLP-1 caused by ADG were both suppressed by TGR5 blockers. As a result, after activating TGR5, ADG may boost GLP-1 synthesis in diabetic rats, enhancing glucose homeostasis. In Min-6 cells, a pancreatic cell line grown in culture, ADG-induced insulin secretion was also examined. Blocking GLP-1 receptors had little impact, suggesting that ADG directly affects TGR5 activity in Min-6 cells. A TGR5 mRNA level experiment in Min-6 cells further confirmed that TGR5 is activated by ADG. The current study revealed a novel finding suggesting that ADG may activate TGR5 in diabetic rats in a way that results in enhanced insulin and GLP-1 production, which may be helpful for future research and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (I.-M.L.)
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (I.-M.L.)
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan
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2
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Zhao WS, Chen KF, Liu M, Jia XL, Huang YQ, Hao BB, Hu H, Shen XY, Yu Q, Tan MJ. Investigation of targets and anticancer mechanisms of covalently acting natural products by functional proteomics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1701-1711. [PMID: 36932232 PMCID: PMC10374574 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Eriocalyxin B (EB), 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B (HJB), parthenolide (PN), xanthatin (XT) and andrographolide (AG) are terpenoid natural products with a variety of promising antitumor activities, which commonly bear electrophilic groups (α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups and/or epoxides) capable of covalently modifying protein cysteine residues. However, their direct targets and underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unclear, which limits the development of these compounds. In this study, we integrated activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and quantitative proteomics approach to systematically characterize the covalent targets of these natural products and their involved cellular pathways. We first demonstrated the anti-proliferation activities of these five compounds in triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics showed all five compounds commonly affected the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathways. ABPP platform identified the preferentially modified targets of EB and PN, two natural products with high anti-proliferation activity. Biochemical experiments showed that PN inhibited the cell proliferation through targeting ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 10 (USP10). Together, this study uncovered the covalently modified targets of these natural products and potential molecular mechanisms of their antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Si Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Kai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xing-Long Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Bing-Bing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min-Jia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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3
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Liu MK, Chen HL, Chen LL, Jiang H, Liu R, Pei ZC, Li K, Wei ZP, Xu H. Andrographolide Liquisolid using Porous-Starch as the Adsorbent with Enhanced Oral Bioavailability in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:535-543. [PMID: 36058257 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (AGL) is the major component of Andrographispaniculata. The poor water solubility and low dissolution strongly affect its oral absorption. Liquisolid technology has been used to improve its dissolution and oral bioavailability. Liquisolid powders of AGL (AGL-LS-PSG) were obtained by firstly dissolving AGL in the mixture of NMP, PEG 6000 and Soluplus®, and solidified by absorption of the blend in porous starch. Angle of repose, Carr index and Hauser ratio presented good powder fluidity and compressibility characteristics of AGL-LS-PSG. The results of optical microscopic observation, PXRD and DSC analysis indicated that AGL has been completely adsorbed in porous starch granules and existed in an amorphous or molecularly dispersing state. AGL-LS-PSG can obviously increase the drug dissolution rate compared to commercial guttate pills and raw drug. In vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of AGL-LS-PSG was investigated following a single oral administration to rats. The Cmax (0.37 ± 0.06 μg mL-1) and AUC0-2h (13.55 ± 2.67 μg h mL-1) of AGL-LS-PSG were evidently increased compared to commercial guttate pills (Cmax = 0.30 ± 0.21 μg mL-1, AUC0-2h = 9.88 ± 3.57 μg h mL-1). This study indicated great potential of liquisolid technology in effectively improving the dissolution and bioavailability of AGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Liu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - H L Chen
- School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - L L Chen
- School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - H Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - R Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - Z C Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China
| | - K Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, PR China.
| | - Z P Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - H Xu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, 117004, PR China.
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4
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Zhang Q, Cui Q. Target protein identification of andrographolide based on isomer approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115111. [PMID: 36279844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The target identification of natural products is one of the most challenging issues in the standardized application of traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely recognized that magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could function as a tool that capture the target proteins of active molecule. However, the false positives caused by non-specific adsorption should not be ignored. Here, we reported a functionalized MNPs technique that could enrich the target proteins of andrographolide (AG) based on isomers approach. We designed and characterized MNPs and isomers of AG. The combination of the two could be used as an ideal coupling, which provides a feasible method for the target proteins enrichment of AG. In addition, the target proteins were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and systematic computational dockings were performed to search for the interactions between target proteins and AG. Six inflammation-related proteins, including CD4, IKBKB, PKN1, PKN2, YWHAB and YWHAH were proved to be the anti-inflammatory targets of AG. All of the results indicated this integrated system could benefit target identification of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Qingxin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
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5
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Nugrahani I, Susanti E, Adawiyah T, Santosa S, Laksana AN. Non-Covalent Reactions Supporting Antiviral Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249051. [PMID: 36558183 PMCID: PMC9783875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the current big enemy of the world's healthcare systems. As the small infector causes various deadly diseases, from influenza and HIV to COVID-19, the virus continues to evolve from one type to its mutants. Therefore, the development of antivirals demands tremendous attention and resources for drug researchers around the world. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) development includes discovering new drug compounds and developing existing ones. However, to innovate a new antiviral takes a very long time to test its safety and effectiveness, from structure modeling to synthesis, and then requires various stages of clinical trials. Meanwhile, developing the existing API can be more efficient because it reduces many development stages. One approach in this effort is to modify the solid structures to improve their physicochemical properties and enhance their activity. This review discusses antiviral multicomponent systems under the research phase and has been marketed. The discussion includes the types of antivirals, their counterpart compound, screening, manufacturing methods, multicomponent systems yielded, characterization methods, physicochemical properties, and their effects on their pharmacological activities. It is hoped that the opportunities and challenges of solid antiviral drug modifications can be drawn in this review as important information for further antiviral development.
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6
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Li L, Yang LL, Yang SL, Wang RQ, Gao H, Lin ZY, Zhao YY, Tang WW, Han R, Wang WJ, Liu P, Hou ZL, Meng MY, Liao LW. Andrographolide suppresses breast cancer progression by modulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4587-4603. [PMID: 35916377 PMCID: PMC10086840 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide(ADE) has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth through direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells. However, its potential activity on tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), composed mainly of M2 macrophages, are the key cells that create an immunosuppressive TME by secretion of cytokines, thus enhancing tumor progression. Re-polarized subpopulations of macrophages may represent vital new therapeutic alternatives. Our previous studies showed that ADE possessed anti-metastasis and anoikis-sensitization effects. Here, we demonstrated that ADE significantly suppressed M2-like polarization and enhanced M1-like polarization of macrophages. Moreover, ADE inhibited the migration of M2 and tube formation in HUVECs under M2 stimulation. In vivo studies showed that ADE restrained the growth of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 human breast tumor xenografts and 4T-1 mammary gland tumors through TAMs. Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway and MMPs were particularly associated with ADE's regulatory mechanisms to M2 according to RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, western blot also verified the expressions of these proteins were declined with ADE exposure. Among the cytokines released by M2, PDGF-AA and CCL2 were reduced. Our current findings for the first time elucidated that ADE could modulate macrophage polarization and function through Wnt5a signaling pathway, thereby playing its role in inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Lin Yang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Qing Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Ying Lin
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yi Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Han
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Liu Hou
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yao Meng
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Liao
- Central Laboratory of Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translation Research Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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7
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Yang R, Hu W, Xie C, Tang D, Zhao X, Fu B, Wu J, Ye L, Liao R. A Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of 14-Deoxy-12(R)-Sulfo Andrographolide Concentration in Rat Plasma and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:905-911. [PMID: 36278441 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666221020110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographolide is a promising natural substance with numerous pharmacotherapy uses. 14-deoxy-12(R)-sulfo andrographolide (SAP) is the main metabolite of andrographolide in the intestine. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of SAP, a precise and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of SAP concentration in rat plasma was developed and validated in this study. METHODS Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acpuity UPLC BEH C18 column with gradient elution that consisted of methanol and water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. MS/MS detection was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) source, with the transitions of m/z 413.2→m/z 287.2 for SAP and m/z 269→m/z 133 for genistein [which was used as an internal standard (IS)]. RESULTS The calibration curve of SAP was linear over the concentration range of 5-120 ng/mL. The selectivity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability of the method were within acceptable ranges. This SAP quantification method was then successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of SAP. The area under the curve (AUC) of SAP in rats treated with SAP at 60 mg/kg by intravenous administration was 7498.53 ± 2405.02 mg/L·min. The AUC of SAP in rats treated with SAP at 60 mg/kg by oral administration was 97.74 ± 39.56 mg/L·min. Thus, the absolute oral bioavailability of SAP was determined to be 1.40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Wanyu Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Pharmacy Department of Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dafu Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingxuan Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Ling Ye
- TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Rongxin Liao
- TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
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8
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Andrographolide in Atherosclerosis: Integrating Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Pharmacological Evaluation. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231291. [PMID: 35543243 PMCID: PMC9251584 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial remedy for several conditions. Andrographolide (AG), the active constituent of A. paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, has anti-lipidic and anti-inflammatory properties as well as cardiovascular protective effects. The present study aimed to explore the effects of AG on the progression of atherosclerosis and to investigate related mechanisms via network pharmacology. Materials and methods: Compound-related information was obtained from the PubChem database. Potential target genes were identified using STITCH, SwissTargetPrediction, Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Genes involved in atherosclerosis were obtained from DisGeNet and compared with AG target genes to obtain an overlapping set. Protein–protein interactions were determined by STRING. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed at WebGestalt, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment was analyzed using Metascape. The final network showing the relationship between compounds, targets, and pathways was constructed using Cytoscape. After that, oxLDL-induced RAW264.7 cells were used to further validate a part of the network pharmacology results. Result: Eighty-one potential AG target genes were identified. PPI, GO, and KEGG enrichment revealed genes closely related to tumor progression, lipid transport, inflammation, and related pathways. AG improves the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) through NF-κB/CEBPB/PPARG signaling in oxLDL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: We successfully predict AG’s potential targets and pathways in atherosclerosis and illustrate the mechanism of action. AG may regulate NF-κB/CEBPB/PPARG signaling to alleviate atherosclerosis.
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9
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Zhang S, Zeng Q, Zhao G, Dong W, Ou L, Cai P, Liao Z, Liang X. Effect of carrier materials on the properties of the andrographolide solid dispersion. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e191023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoude Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qingyun Zeng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Guowei Zhao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Liquan Ou
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhenggen Liao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinli Liang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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10
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Mishra A, Shaik HA, Sinha RK, Shah BR. Andrographolide: A Herbal-Chemosynthetic Approach for Enhancing Immunity, Combating Viral Infections, and Its Implication on Human Health. Molecules 2021; 26:7036. [PMID: 34834128 PMCID: PMC8622020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants consistently synthesize and accumulate medically valuable secondary metabolites which can be isolated and clinically tested under in vitro conditions. An advancement with such important phytochemical production has been recognized and utilized as herbal drugs. Bioactive andrographolide (AGL; C20H30O5) isolated from Andrographis paniculate (AP) (Kalmegh) is a diterpenoid lactones having multifunctional medicinal properties including anti-manic, anti-inflammatory, liver, and lung protective. AGL is known for its immunostimulant activity against a variety of microbial infections thereby, regulating classical and alternative macrophage activation, Ag-specific antibody production during immune disorder therapy. In vitro studies with AGL found it to be effective against multiple tumors, neuronal disorders, diabetes, pneumonia, fibrosis, and other diverse therapeutic misadventures. Generally, virus-based diseases like ZIKA, influenza A virus subtype (H1NI), Ebola (EBOV), Dengue (DENV), and coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics have greatly increased scientific interest and demands to develop more effective and economical immunomodulating drugs with minimal side effects. Trials and in vitro pharmacological studies with AGL and medicinally beneficial herbs might contribute to benefit the human population without using chemical-based synthetic drugs. In this review, we have discussed the possible role of AGL as a promising herbal-chemo remedy during human diseases, viral infections and as an immunity booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mishra
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Haq Abdul Shaik
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sinha
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bakht Ramin Shah
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
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Chen K, Wu W, Hou X, Yang Q, Li Z. A review: antimicrobial properties of several medicinal plants widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to the dramatic increase in the use of antibiotics and growing health threat of bacterial resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, many studies have been directed at developing new and effective antibacterial compounds, among which many new, natural, and effective antibacterial compounds discovered from medicinal plants have drawn great interest and raised new hope for treating the challenges of antibiotic resistance. This review aimed to summarize the most important and widely used medicinal plants that were reported to have antibacterial activities. A general literature search from 2010 to 2020 was conducted using different databases, including Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed. According to the literature, three medicinal plants with outstanding antibacterial activities, Taraxacum officinale, Coptis Rhizome, and Scutellaria baicalensis, were screened and reviewed by prioritization. The extraction methods, antibacterial activities of different parts of plants or the plant-derived compounds, spectra of antibacterial activities, and toxicity were described, respectively. However, the antibacterial activities of the extracts or pure compounds as reported in the reviewed literature were mostly based on in vitro assays, and moreover, the deeper antibacterial mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. Therefore, further studies are required in the fields of purification and identification of the antibacterial compounds, its mechanisms of action, and synergistic effects in combination with other antibacterial drugs, which may be helpful in the development of new antibacterial drugs.
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Vetvicka V, Vannucci L. Biological properties of andrographolide, an active ingredient of Andrographis Paniculata: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1186. [PMID: 34430627 PMCID: PMC8350652 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata and traditionally used in Chinese and Indian medicine. Reported effects include anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer functions. Most of the studies support the hypothesis that andrographolide supplementation stimulates immune system, so the observed effects migh in fact be secondary to the stimulation of defense reactions. As andrographolide is involved in regulation of inflammation, it is not surprising that it is also evaluated in inflammation-mediated diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Anticancer effects of the andrographolide have been tested on various cancer panels. Colon cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck carcinomas were the most investigated, followed by prostate cancer and glioblastoma. The results looked promising. However, problems with solubility and low level of active substance in natural extract leads to preparation of chemical analogs. Objective of this short review is to summarize current knowledge of the biological effects of andragrapholide. We conclude that despite documented effects and some partly characterized mechanisms of action, more research is clearly needed. At present, the doses, types of treatment and possible negative side effects are not yet established. In addition, various isolations and compound formulas have been used for treatment of various diseases, making final conclusions problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Das D, Bandyopadhyay M. Manipulation of DXP pathway for andrographolide production in callus cultures of Andrographis paniculata. PLANTA 2021; 254:23. [PMID: 34223986 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Greening of in vitro callus cultures and andrographolide over-accumulation was achieved by manipulating light exposure and media composition, when the biosynthetic cascade was channeled through the DXP pathway. Andrographolide, the primary biologically active compound of Andrographis paniculata, is produced through coordinated action of two pathways, the classical cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the alternative plastidial non-mevalonate pathway (Deoxy-xylulose Phosphate pathway). In vitro callus cultures of A. paniculata are useful sources of production, as well as, manipulation of andrographolide, and the present study was designed to explore the strategy of pathway inhibition for its overproduction. When the cytosolic mevalonate pathway blocker, lovastatin, was applied to callus cultures of A. paniculata, andrographolide production was enhanced in comparison to untreated control. In contrast, treatment of the callus tissue with the DXP-pathway blocker, fosmidomycin, led to depletion in andrographolide production. The present study also showed that silver nitrate, a potent elicitor of andrographolide production in in vitro callus culture, when added in combination with the pathway inhibitors resulted in alterations in andrographolide production. The highest andrographolide production was obtained in callus treated with a combination of silver nitrate and lovastatin, indicating a predominant role of the plastidial DXP pathway in andrographolide biosynthesis. A positive co-relation with chlorophyll content and andrographolide production in in vitro callus cultures (untreated and treated) observed also supported the above assumption. It could be inferred from this study that greening of callus tissue through organellar organization was a potent strategy for enhancing andrographolide accumulation in callus tissues of A. paniculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Das
- Plant Molecular Cytogenetics and Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Studies, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Maumita Bandyopadhyay
- Plant Molecular Cytogenetics and Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Studies, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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14
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Bunthawong R, Sirion U, Chairoungdua A, Suksen K, Piyachaturawat P, Suksamrarn A, Saeeng R. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new 7-acetoxy-12-amino-14-deoxy andrographolide analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 33:127741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Kodchakorn K, Poovorawan Y, Suwannakarn K, Kongtawelert P. Molecular modelling investigation for drugs and nutraceuticals against protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 101:107717. [PMID: 32861974 PMCID: PMC7434411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread problem of a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) strain outbreak in Wuhan, China has prompted a search for new drugs to protect against and treat this disease. It is necessary to immediately investigate this due to the mutation of the viral genome and there being no current protective vaccines or therapeutic drugs. Molecular modelling and molecular docking based on in silico screening strategies were employed to determine the potential activities of seven HIV protease (HIV-PR) inhibitors, two flu drugs, and eight natural compounds. The computational approach was carried out to discover the structural modes with a high binding affinity for these drugs on the homology structure of the Wuhan coronavirus protease (SARS-CoV-2 PR). From the theoretical calculations, all the drugs and natural compounds demonstrated various favorable binding affinities. An interesting finding was that the natural compounds tested had a higher potential binding activity with the pocket sites of SARS-CoV-2 PR compared to the groups of HIV-PR inhibitors. The binding modes of each complex illustrated between the drugs and compounds interacted with the functional group of amino acids in the binding pocket via hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bond interactions using the molecular dynamics simulation technique. This result supports the idea that existing protease inhibitors and natural compounds could be used to treat the new coronavirus. This report sought to provide fundamental knowledge as preliminary experimental data to propose an existing nutraceutical material against viral infection. Collectively, it is suggested that molecular modelling and molecular docking are suitable tools to search and screen for new drugs and natural compounds that can be used as future treatments for viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchanok Kodchakorn
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kamol Suwannakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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16
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Ethanol extract of Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg barks attenuates hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibiting renal fibrosis and inflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 264:113278. [PMID: 32841699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg, known as the Chinese tulip tree, has a long history of cultivation and utilization in many Asia countries, especially in China to use in traditional Chinese medicine for expelling "wind and dampness", a term corresponding to rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, the barks of Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg was also found in folk to treat gout. However, further experimental studies remained to confirm its uric acid-lowering effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract of the barks of Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg (EELC) in a mouse model of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) and the involved mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS EELC at a respective dose of 250 mg/kg/d or 500 mg/kg/d were orally administered to HN mice induced by a mixture of adenine (160 mg/kg/d)/potassium oxonate (2.4 g/kg/d) for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, serum uric acid, kidney functions (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urine microalbumin), 24-h urine uric acid excretion, as well as kidney pathological changes were investigated by biochemical assay, histopathological score, immunofluorescence and histochemistry, RT-qPCR, and western blotting analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Oral administration of EELC significantly lowered serum uric acid level at 500 mg/kg (185.75 ± 15.49 μmol/L of EELC vs. 238.28 ± 20.97 μmol/L of HN model, p < 0.01) in HN mice. EELC at 500 mg/kg also remarkably reduced the levels of serum creatinine (82.92 ± 7.86 μmol/L of EELC vs. 92.08 ± 6.13 μmol/L of HN model, p < 0.0001), blood urea nitrogen (21.50 ± 1.87 mmol/L of EELC vs. 29.40 ± 3.95 mmol/L of HN model, p < 0.001) and urine microalbumin (4.25 ± 0.40 mg/L of EELC vs. 5.95 ± 0.33 mg/L of HN model, p < 0.001) to improve renal function. It also attenuated renal fibrosis, especially the high-dose of EELC. Furthermore, EELC could inhibit the activation of NF-κB, ASK1/JNK/c-Jun, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the kidneys of HN mice. Additionally, EELC remarkably increased urine uric acid excretion of HN mice, which may be achieved by the upregulation of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), OAT3 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) proteins. CONCLUSIONS EELC alleviated the progression of HN by suppressing the activation of NF-κB, ASK1/JNK/c-Jun and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, reducing the infiltration of inflammatory factors and uric acid accumulation in the kidney.
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Chen M, Fan B, Liu S, Imam KMSU, Xie Y, Wen B, Xin F. The in vitro Effect of Fibers With Different Degrees of Polymerization on Human Gut Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32477290 PMCID: PMC7242623 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut bacteria contribute significantly to human health and several studies have evaluated the effects of dietary fibers on human gut bacterial ecology. However, the relationship between different degrees of fiber polymerization and human gut bacteria is unknown. Here, we analyzed three fiber substrates with different degrees of polymerization, namely carboxymethylcellulose, β-glucans, and galactooligosaccharides. To probe the in vitro influence of the degree of polymerization of the fiber on human gut bacteria, we measured the pH, air pressure, and short-chain fatty acid content of fecal fermentation supplemented with these fiber substrates, and sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA genes of the microbial community in the fiber-treated fermentations. The butyric acid concentration was shown to decline with decreasing degree of polymerization of the fiber. Illumina Miseq sequencing indicated that the degree of polymerization might have an influence on human gut microbial diversity and abundance. Principal coordinate analysis unveiled a relationship between the degree of fiber polymerization and the gut bacterial community. Specific microbiota operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the genera Escherichia-Shigella, Fusobacterium, and Dorea were proportional to the degree of fiber significantly, whereas OTUs within the genera Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus were inversely correlated with the degree of polymerization. Correlation analysis between the fiber degree of polymerization and gut bacteria may demonstrate the effect of fibers on gut microbiota, and subsequently, on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Khandaker Md Sharif Uddin Imam
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boting Wen
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Wen Q, Jin X, Lu Y, Chen DF. Anticomplement ent-labdane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104528. [PMID: 32114038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Mazzei R, Leonti M, Spadafora S, Patitucci A, Tagarelli G. A review of the antimicrobial potential of herbal drugs used in popular Italian medicine (1850s-1950s) to treat bacterial skin diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112443. [PMID: 31790819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Before the advent of modern antibiotics, microbial infections were treated with herbal medicine or cauterization. Literature from the latter half of the nineteenth to the early mid-twentieth century, when antibiotics became widely available, arguably holds the most progressive information about herbal remedies to treat bacterial skin diseases. The corpus of literature produced in Italy during that period is not easily accessible and mostly out of print. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant-based remedies utilized in popular Italian medicine to treat anthrax, boils, erysipelas, impetigo, pustules, and whitlow were sourced from literature indexed in and available through the National Library Service website of the Italian Libraries Network. The remedies are assessed for their antimicrobial potential based on a detailed search of the herbal drug species in scientific databases. RESULTS A considerable part of the reviewed recipes included specific excipients (41 out of 139) and others were produced with fresh plant material (48 out of 139). Out of the 52 identified herbal drug species used in popular Italian medicine against dermatologic infections, extracts of 43 were shown to have moderate in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSION The antibacterial activity of the extracts and pure compounds as reported in the reviewed literature is mostly based on in vitro assays and generally does not encourage follow up studies. The effectiveness of the reported recipes, which include fresh plant material and excipients can only be assessed through in vivo studies. Those remedies including herbal drugs with reported antimicrobial activity might have the potential as complementary therapies. The reviewed plant based antimicrobial recipes might serve as inspirations in the search for alternative topical antibacterial strategies and the search for their synergistic and potentiating ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalucia Mazzei
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Santo Spadafora
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Dermatologia -Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Patitucci
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tagarelli
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, Via Cavour 4-6, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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Ibraheem ZO, Majid RA, Sidek HM, Noor SM, Yam MF, Abd Rachman Isnadi MF, Basir R. In Vitro Antiplasmodium and Chloroquine Resistance Reversal Effects of Andrographolide. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:7967980. [PMID: 31915453 PMCID: PMC6930765 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7967980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum is the worst catastrophe that has ever confronted the dedicated efforts to eradicate malaria. This urged for searching other alternatives or sensitizers that reverse chloroquine resistance. In this experiment, the potential of andrographolide to inhibit plasmodial growth and reverse CQ resistance was tested in vitro using the SYBRE green-1-based drug sensitivity assay and isobologram technique, respectively. Its safety level toward mammalian cells was screened as well against Vero cells and RBCs using MTT-based drug sensitivity and RBC hemolysis assays, respectively. Its effect against hemozoin formation was screened using β-hematin formation and heme fractionation assays. Its molecular characters were determined using the conventional tests for the antioxidant effect measurement and the in silico molecular characterization using the online free chemi-informatic Molinspiration software. Results showed that andrographolide has a moderate antiplasmodium effect that does not entitle it to be a substituent for chloroquine. Furthermore, andrographolide ameliorated the sensitivity of the parasite to chloroquine. Besides, it showed an indirect inhibitory effect against hemozoin formation within the parasite and augmented the chloroquine-induced inhibition of hemozoin formation. The study suggests that its chloroquine resistance reversal effect may be due to inhibition of chloroquine accumulation or due to its impact on the biological activity of the parasite. Overall, this in vitro study is a clue for the reliability of andrographolide to be added with chloroquine for reversal of chloroquine resistance and tolerance, but further in vivo studies are recommended to confirm this notion. In spite of its prominent and safe in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory effect and its in vitro chloroquine resistance reversing effect, it is inapplicable to implement it in malaria chemotherapy to substitute chloroquine or to reverse its resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid O. Ibraheem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University College, Al Mustansyria, Baghdad, Iraq
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslaini Abd Majid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasidah Mohd Sidek
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabariah Md Noor
- Department of Hemeatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Faruq Abd Rachman Isnadi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yongyun C, Jingwei Z, Zhiqing L, Wenxiang C, Huiwu L. Andrographolide stimulates osteoblastogenesis and bone formation by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-Β signaling both in vivo and in vitro. J Orthop Translat 2019; 19:47-57. [PMID: 31844613 PMCID: PMC6896731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that is associated with a decrease in bone mineral density, deterioration of bone microarchitecture and increased fracture risk. Currently, available treatments mainly focus on either inhibiting osteoclast function, such as administration of bisphosphonate, calcitonin, oestrogen, selective oestrogen receptor modulator and so on, or stimulating osteoblasts, such as parathyroid hormone, to improve bone mass and skeletal microarchitecture. However, there is no option that is completely satisfactory because of the limitations of monotherapy with either class. Thus, it is highly appealing to investigate novel drugs with both antiresorptive and osteoanabolic activities that have the potential to be more beneficial than monotherapy because of the different mechanism of action. As has been proven in previous study that andrographolide (AP), as a key herbal medicine, could suppress osteoclast formation and function both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this present study was to identify the effect of AP on osteoblast differentiation and oestrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. It was concluded that AP significantly reduced oestrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in vivo. Furthermore, it was proved that tumor necrosis factor alpha severely impaired bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-induced osteoblast differentiation, and this inhibition could be greatly attenuated by AP. This was further supported by the fact that AP significantly increases the expression of osteoblast-specific markers, including runt-related transcription factor-2, osteocalcin and osteopontin. In addition, molecular analysis revealed that AP greatly ceased tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated stimulation of nuclear factor kappa-Β activity, whereas overexpression of the nuclear factor kappa-Β subunit p65 reversed the stimulatory effects of AP on osteoblast differentiation. Thus, combined with previous study, AP was demonstrated to be a novel agent with both antiresorptive and osteoanabolic activities and had the potential to be developed as an antiosteoporosis alternative. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE This study provides strong evidence for the identification that AP has both antiresorptive and osteoanabolic activities and thus has great potential to be developed as a novel antiosteoporosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Huiwu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang JJ, Gao TT, Wang Y, Wang JL, Guan W, Wang YJ, Wang CN, Liu JF, Jiang B. Andrographolide Exerts Significant Antidepressant-Like Effects Involving the Hippocampal BDNF System in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:585-600. [PMID: 31181145 PMCID: PMC6754737 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder associated with various symptoms, but current antidepressants used in clinical practice have various side effects and high failure rates. Andrographolide is the main bioactive ingredient of Andrographis paniculata and exhibits numerous pharmacological actions. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of andrographolide in male C57BL/6J mice. METHODS The antidepressant-like effects of andrographolide in mice were explored in a forced swim test, tail suspension test, and chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were further performed to assess the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress and andrographolide on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling cascade and hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, a pharmacological inhibitor (K252a) and a lentiviral-short hairpin RNA (LV-TrkB-shRNA) were used to clarify the antidepressant-like mechanism of andrographolide. RESULTS Andrographolide exhibited antidepressant-like potential in the forced swim test and tail suspension test without influencing the locomotor activity of mice. Repeated andrographolide treatment not only produced significant antidepressant-like effects in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model but also prevented the decreasing effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling and neurogenesis in mice. Importantly, blockade of the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor system by K252a and TrkB-shRNA fully abolished the antidepressant-like effects of andrographolide in mice. CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide exerts antidepressant-like effects in mice via promoting the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Niu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Zhang G, Jiang C, Xie N, Xu Y, Liu L, Liu N. Treatment with andrographolide sulfonate provides additional benefits to imipenem in a mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109065. [PMID: 31220744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a primary cause of community-acquired and nosocomial respiratory infections, and K. pneumoniae resistance to the current treatment approach with carbapenem is worsening. Andrographolide is a natural diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata that was shown to exert anti-inflammatory activity. We herein show that pretreatment with a water-soluble andrographolide sulfonate significantly attenuate lung injury and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Interestingly, mice receiving combined treatment with andrographolide sulfonate displayed perfect survival rate than the mice treatment with imipenem alone, and monocyte chemotactic protein 5 (MCP-5) level was decreased further. These findings suggest that andrographolide sulfonate could as a potential synergist for antibiotic treatment of bacteria-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Zhang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, China
| | - Yang Xu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Professional and Technical Service Center for Biological Material Druggability Evaluation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.
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Chiu SP, Batsaikhan B, Huang HM, Wang JY. Application of Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing to Investigate the Cytotoxic Effects of Andrographolide on U-87 MG Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Apoptosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2275. [PMID: 31100944 PMCID: PMC6567347 DOI: 10.3390/s19102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. In recent studies, the efficacy of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has been investigated for GBM. We explored the effects of two exploratory compounds, the histone deacetylase SAHA and the natural product andrographolide, on Uppsala 87 Malignant Glioma (U-87 MG) cell migration and viability in comparison with the clinically used therapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). We used the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system to monitor the migration of U-87 MG cells after treatment with various concentrations of these compounds. Moreover, we used the Alamar blue assay and western blotting to observe the concentration-dependent changes in the viability and apoptosis of U-87 MG cells. Our results demonstrated that both SAHA and andrographolide (10-300 μM) significantly inhibited GBM cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, and 10 μM SAHA and 56 μM andrographolide demonstrated remarkable inhibitory effects on U-87 MG migration. Western blotting indicated that compared with TMZ, both SAHA and andrographolide induced higher expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, such as caspase-3, BAX, and PARP in U-87 MG cells. Furthermore, all three drugs downregulated the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, SAHA and andrographolide showed exceptional results in inhibiting cell migration and motility. The ECIS wound healing assay is a powerful technique to identify and screen potential therapeutic agents that can inhibit cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Po Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 10581, Taiwan.
| | - Buyandelger Batsaikhan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Xu M, Xu J, Hao M, Zhang K, Lv M, Xu H. Evaluation of andrographolide-based analogs derived from Andrographis paniculata against Mythimna separata Walker and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Effect of Carrier Lipophilicity and Preparation Method on the Properties of Andrographolide⁻Solid Dispersion. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020074. [PMID: 30744157 PMCID: PMC6409804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion (SD) is a useful approach to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. This work investigated the effects of carrier material lipophilicity and preparation method on the properties of andrographolide (AG)–SD. The SDs of AG and the carrier materials, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG grafted with carbon chains of different length (grafted PEG), have been prepared by spray-drying and vacuum-drying methods. In AG–SDs prepared by the different preparation methods with the same polymer as carrier material, the intermolecular interaction, 5% weight-loss temperature, the melting temperature (Tm), surface morphology, crystallinity, and dissolution behavior have significant differences. In the AG–SDs prepared by the same spray-drying method with different grafted PEG as carrier material, Tm, surface morphology, crystallinity, and dissolution behavior had little difference. In the AG–SDs prepared by the same vacuum-drying method with different grafted PEG as carrier material, the crystallinity and Tm decreased, and the dissolution rate of AG increased with the increase of grafted PEG lipophilicity. The preparation method has an important effect on the properties of SD. The increase of carrier material lipophilicity is beneficial to the thermal stability of SD, the decrease of crystallinity and the increase of dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug in the SD.
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Wang HC, Tsay HS, Shih HN, Chen YA, Chang KM, Agrawal DC, Huang S, Lin YL, Lee MJ. Andrographolide relieved pathological pain generated by spared nerve injury model in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:124-131. [PMID: 29385888 PMCID: PMC6130553 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1426614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Andrographolide (Andro), found in large quantities in Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae), is anti-inflammatory, especially in the central nervous system (CNS) glia. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to test Andro's ability to reduce allodynia in a spared nerve injury model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male 30 g BalbC mice were divided into four groups: (1) Sham-operated control (Sham-group); (2) nerve injured and treated with saline (Saline-group); (3) nerve injured and treated with Andro (Andro-group); (4) nerve injured and treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (NSAIDS-group). Andro or NSAIDS (diclofenac salt) were injected intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg body weight daily. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by von Frey tests at 3, 7, and 14 d. For immunohistochemical analysis, samples were collected at 7 d. RESULTS The threshold for inducing allodynia increased and the response percentage reduced in the Andro-group when compared with the Saline-group, as well as when compared with NSAIDS groups throughout 3-14 d. The ratio of threshold for OP-Andro/OP-saline and for OP-Andro/OP-NSAIDS groups was 20.42 and 11.67 at 14 d, respectively. The ratio of response percentage for OP-Andro/OP-saline and for OP-Andro/OP-NSAIDS was 0.32 and 0.39 at 14 d, respectively. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) immunostaining in the spinal cord was reduced in the Andro-group. Astrocytic activities were not significantly reduced in the Andro-group compared with the Saline-group at 7 d post-operation (PO) Conclusions: Andro reduced mechanical allodynia more than NSAIDS at the same concentration, and the observed behaviour was associated with a reduction in inflammatory cytokine produced in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Sheng Tsay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Nung Shih
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Ming Chang
- Department of Research, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dinesh Chandra Agrawal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Siendong Huang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lo Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Dai Y, Chen SR, Chai L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wang Y. Overview of pharmacological activities of Andrographis paniculata and its major compound andrographolide. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S17-S29. [PMID: 30040451 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1501657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) is a medicinal plant traditionally used as anti-inflammation and anti-bacteria herb. Andrographolide, the major active component of A. paniculata, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and other activities. In this article, we comprehensively review the therapeutic potential of A. paniculata and andrographolide focusing on the mechanisms of action and clinical application. We systemically discuss the structure-activity relationship of andrographolide and derivatives. Despite the various pharmacological activities and formula of A. paniculata and andrographolide, we propose further development of more structural derivatives of andrographolide with reduced toxicity and increased therapeutic efficacy is still needed for the clinical application of this ancient mighty herb and its major component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa, Macao SAR , China
| | - Shao-Ru Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa, Macao SAR , China
| | - Ling Chai
- b Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards , Nanning 530022 , China
| | - Jing Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa, Macao SAR , China
| | - Yitao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa, Macao SAR , China
| | - Ying Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa, Macao SAR , China
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Yin XL, Gu HW, Wu Q, Peng TQ, Zhang SH, Liu Y. Second-order calibration serves as a remedial measure for the simultaneous determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide inAndrographis paniculataand its preparations by HPLC without complete baseline separation. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3232-3240. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yin
- College of Life Sciences; Yangtze University; Jingzhou China
| | - Hui-Wen Gu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Yangtze University; Jingzhou China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy; Changsha Health Vocational College; Changsha China
| | - Tian-Qin Peng
- College of Life Sciences; Yangtze University; Jingzhou China
| | - Shan-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Yangtze University; Jingzhou China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Yangtze University; Jingzhou China
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30
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Synthesis of andrographolide-related esters as insecticidal and acaricidal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:360-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Su M, Qin B, Liu F, Chen Y, Zhang R. Andrographolide enhanced 5-fluorouracil-induced antitumor effect in colorectal cancer via inhibition of c-MET pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3333-3341. [PMID: 29200829 PMCID: PMC5703152 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s140354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is the most important chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of CRC. However, resistance to 5-Fu therapies is a growing concern in CRC clinical practice recently. Andrographolide (Andro) is a main bioactive constituent of the herb Andrographis paniculata, which has various biological effects including anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of combined Andro with 5-Fu against CRC HCT-116 cells. In vitro studies showed that Andro synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferation effect of 5-Fu on HCT-116 cells due to increased apoptotic cells. Meanwhile, results of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay indicated that the level of phosphorylated cellular-mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (p-MET) was decreased by the combination treatment. Further study suggested that Andro promoted the antitumor effect of 5-Fu by down-regulating the level of p-MET. In conclusion, these results confirmed the synergistic antitumor activity of Andro on CRC and provide evidence for possible clinical application of Andro for enhancing the antitumor effect of 5-Fu in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuze Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Liaoning, China
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32
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Yang SL, Kuo FH, Chen PN, Hsieh YH, Yu NY, Yang WE, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Andrographolide suppresses the migratory ability of human glioblastoma multiforme cells by targeting ERK1/2-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105860-105872. [PMID: 29285298 PMCID: PMC5739685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can be a fatal tumor because of difficulties in treating the related metastasis. Andrographolide is the bioactive component of the Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide possesses the anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits the growth of various cancers; however, its effect on GBM cancer motility remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the antimetastatic properties of andrographolide in human GBM cells. Our results revealed that andrographolide inhibited the invasion and migration abilities of GBM8401 and U251 cells. Furthermore, andrographolide inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity and expression. Real-time PCR and promoter activity assays indicated that andrographolide inhibited MMP-2 expression at the transcriptional level. Such inhibitory effects were associated with the suppression of CREB DNA-binding activity and CREB expression. Mechanistically, andrographolide inhibited the cell motility of GBM8401 cells through the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway, and the blocking of the ERK 1/2 pathway could reverse MMP-2-mediated cell motility. In conclusion, CREB is a crucial target of andrographolide for suppressing MMP-2-mediated cell motility in GBM cells. Therefore, a combination of andrographolide and an ERK inhibitor might be a good strategy for preventing GBM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Liang Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsuan Kuo
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nuo-Yi Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Protects against Cytokine Production as the Potential Immunosuppressive Agents in Atherosclerosis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7424307. [PMID: 29038791 PMCID: PMC5606136 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7424307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation is a critical factor at all stages of atherosclerosis progression. Proinflammatory cytokines accelerate atherosclerosis progression, while anti-inflammatory cytokines ameliorate the disease. Accordingly, strategies to inhibit immune activation and impede immune responses towards anti-inflammatory activity are an alternative therapeutic strategy to conventional chemotherapy on cardiocerebrovascular outcomes. Since a number of Chinese medicinal plants have been used traditionally to prevent and treat atherosclerosis, it is reasonable to assume that the plants used for such disease may suppress the immune responses and the resultant inflammation. This review focuses on plants that have immunomodulatory effects on the production of inflammatory cytokine burst and are used in Chinese traditional medicine for the prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Chen X, Zhang J, Yuan L, Lay Y, Wong YK, Lim TK, Ong CS, Lin Q, Wang J, Hua Z. Andrographolide Suppresses MV4-11 Cell Proliferation through the Inhibition of FLT3 Signaling, Fatty Acid Synthesis and Cellular Iron Uptake. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091444. [PMID: 28858244 PMCID: PMC6151431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Andrographolide (ADR), the main active component of Andrographis paniculata, displays anticancer activity in various cancer cell lines, among which leukemia cell lines exhibit the highest sensitivity to ADR. In particular, ADR was also reported to have reduced drug resistance in multidrug resistant cell lines. However, the mechanism of action (MOA) of ADR’s anticancer and anti-drug-resistance activities remain elusive. Methods: In this study, we used the MV4-11 cell line, a FLT3 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line that displays multidrug resistance, as our experimental system. We first evaluated the effect of ADR on MV4-11 cell proliferation. Then, a quantitative proteomics approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins in ADR-treated MV4-11 cells. Finally, cellular processes and signal pathways affected by ADR in MV4-11 cell were predicted with proteomic analysis and validated with in vitro assays. Results: ADR inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. With a proteomic approach, we discovered that ADR inhibited fatty acid synthesis, cellular iron uptake and FLT3 signaling pathway in MV4-11 cells. Conclusions: ADR inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation through inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, iron uptake and protein synthesis. Furthermore, ADR reduces drug resistance by blocking FLT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yifei Lay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Chye Sun Ong
- Institute of Mental Health, Education Office, Singapore 539747, Singapore.
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute and Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute and Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou 213164, China.
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35
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Li M, Zhang T, Zhu L, Wang R, Jin Y. Liposomal andrographolide dry powder inhalers for treatment of bacterial pneumonia via anti-inflammatory pathway. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Inhibitory effects of andrographolide on activated macrophages and adjuvant-induced arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:447-456. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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37
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Nie X, Chen SR, Wang K, Peng Y, Wang YT, Wang D, Wang Y, Zhou GC. Attenuation of Innate Immunity by Andrographolide Derivatives Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4738. [PMID: 28680097 PMCID: PMC5498490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide derivatives or analogs exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects in several disease models through NF-κB activity. In this study, we synthesized different andrographolide derivatives and investigated their effects on the toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among these compounds, 3b, 5a, and 5b inhibited both TNF-α/NF-κB and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Treatment with compounds 3b, 5a, and 5b and their structural analogs, 3a and 6b, suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon the activation of TLR3 and TLR4 ligands. Compounds 3b and 5a, but not 3a, 5b, or 6b, inhibited the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. Treatment with compounds 3b, 5a, 3a, 5b, and 6b attenuated the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα. Compounds 6b suppressed the expression of the NF-κB p65 subunit. However, these compounds, except for 5b, did not affect the TLR9-induced NF-κB-independent production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IFN-β. Compound 3b potentially protected mice from LPS-induced acute pulmonary inflammation through the inhibition of p65 phosphorylation and the decrease of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine. Our study revealed a functional structure–activity relationship between andrographolide derivatives and innate immunity. We identified compound 3b as a potent immune suppressive agent with the potential to protect acute pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Yuran Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Decai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China.
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Highly efficient treatment of aerobic vaginitis with simple acidic buffered gels: The importance of pH and buffers on the microenvironment of vaginas. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Clinical application analysis of andrographolide total ester sulfonate injection, a traditional Chinese medicine licensed in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:293-299. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang T, Zhu L, Li M, Hu Y, Zhang E, Jiang Q, Han G, Jin Y. Inhalable Andrographolide-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia by Regulating Immune Responses. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1718-1725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department
of Graduates, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- Department
of Graduates, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuzhen Hu
- Department
of Graduates, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Erfeng Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qingcheng Jiang
- The First People’s Hospital of Tancheng, Shandong 276199, China
| | - Guang Han
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department
of Graduates, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Parai D, Islam E, Mitra J, Mukherjee SK. Effect of Bacoside A on growth and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:169-178. [PMID: 28099040 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Bacoside A, a formulation of phytochemicals from Bacopa monnieri, against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are known to form biofilms as one of their virulence traits. The antimicrobial effects of Bacoside A were tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays. A cell membrane disruption assay was performed to find its possible target site. MTT assay, crystal violet assay, and microscopic studies were performed to assess the antibiofilm activity. Bacoside A showed antimicrobial activity against both test organisms in their planktonic and biofilm states. At a subminimum inhibitory concentration of 200 μg·mL-1, Bacoside A significantly removed ∼88%-93% of bacterial biofilm developed on microtiter plates. Biochemical and microscopic studies suggested that the eradication of biofilm might be due to the loss of extracellular polymeric substances and to a change in cell membrane integrity of the selected bacterial strains treated with Bacoside A. These results indicate that Bacoside A might be considered as an antimicrobial having the ability to disrupt biofilms. Thus, either alone or in combination with other therapeutics, Bacoside A could be useful to treat biofilm-related infections caused by opportunistic bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- a Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Ekramul Islam
- a Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Jayati Mitra
- b Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata 700073, India
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Xu F, Wu H, Zhang K, Lv P, Zheng L, Zhao J. Pro‑neurogenic effects of andrographolide on RSC96 Schwann cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3573-80. [PMID: 27599453 PMCID: PMC5042728 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve regeneration remains a challenge to the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Andrographolide (Andro) is the main active constituent of Andrographis paniculata, which has been applied in the treatment of several diseases, including inflammation, in ancient China. Andro has been reported to facilitate the reduction of edema and to exert analgesic effects in the treatment of various diseases. These findings suggest that Andro may be considered a promising anti-inflammatory agent that may suppress destruction and accelerate proliferation of Schwann cells following peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, the effects of Andro on RSC96 cells were investigated in vitro. The RSC96 cell line is a spontaneously immortalized rat Schwann cell line, which was originally derived from a long-term culture of rat primary Schwann cells. RSC96 cells were treated with a range of 0 to 50 µM Andro prior to the MTT assay. Cell proliferation, morphology, synthesis and nerve-specific gene expression were performed to detect the effect of Andro on RSC96 cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that the recommended doses of Andro ranged between 0.78 and 12.5 µM, among which the most obvious response was observed when used at 3.125 µM (P<0.05). DNA content was improved in Andro groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). In addition, Andro was able to promote the gene expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and the specific Schwann cell marker S100β (P<0.05). The results of a viability assay, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry were also improved in Andro groups. These results indicated that Andro may accelerate proliferation of RSC96 cells in vitro, whilst maintaining the Schwann cell phenotype; therefore, the present study may provide valuable evidence for the further exploration of the effects of Andro on peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuben Xu
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huayu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peizhen Lv
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Zheng D, Shao J, Chen W, Luo Y. In vitro Metabolism of Sodium 9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide-19-yl Sulfate in Rat Liver S9 by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S102-8. [PMID: 27279693 PMCID: PMC4883065 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium 9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide-19-yl sulfate (DHAS) is the active ingredient of Xiyanping injection, a traditional Chinese medicine in clinical use. However, there has been no report about the metabolic rate and metabolites of DHAS in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this article, DHAS was incubated with rat liver S9, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used for the metabolism study. The residual concentrations of substrate were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method for the metabolic rate study of DHAS in liver S9. Metabolites were identified by the (UPLC-TOF-MSE) Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. Results: The calibration curves of DHAS were linear over the concentration range from 0.75 μM to 75.22 μM with correlation coefficients >0.99. The lower limit of quantification was 0.150 μM for DHAS. The determination recoveries of DHAS were in the range of 84.9–90.6%. The t½ and CLint of DHAS in rat liver S9 were 98.6 ± 2.1 min and 3.5 ± 0.1 mL/min/g, respectively. Five metabolites were preliminarily identified based on the high resolution mass spectrum data in comparison with related references. These metabolites were mainly the products of dehydration and hydrogenation of DHAS. Conclusion: The present in vitro metabolic study of DHAS provided valuable information about the metabolic rate and potential metabolites of DHAS, which are important for future in vivo metabolism studies of DHAS and the discovery of more active andrographolide derivatives. SUMMARY In this paper, sodium 9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide-19-yl sulfate (DHAS) metabolism in vitro has been investigated with rat liver S9 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The result of quantitative analysis showed that DHAS had a long t1/2, which indicated its high metabolic stability. Five metabolites of DHAS were identified in the incubation system based on the high resolution mass spectrum data in comparison with related references, particularly dehydrated and hydrogenated products. The results would provide certain references to screen out more active andrographolide derivative for pre-clinically.
Abbreviations used: MRM: Multiple reaction monitoring, DHAS: Sodium 9-dehydro-17-hydro-andrographolide-19-yl sulfate, IS: Internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkun Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial Research Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial Research Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weikang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial Research Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial Research Institute for Drug Control/Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Du P, Jiang Q, Yang R, Liu C, Li Y, Wang L, Xue P, Fu Q, Zhang T. Nanonization of andrographolide by a wet milling method: the effects of vitamin E TPGS and oral bioavailability enhancement. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (AND) has wide prospects in clinical use, but suffers from the restriction of poor oral bioavailability, due to its low solubility, rapid and extensive metabolism and efflux by P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Rujie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Cuiru Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Yingchao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
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Xiong WB, Shao ZJ, Xiong Y, Chen J, Sun Y, Zhu L, Zhou LM. Dehydroandrographolide enhances innate immunity of intestinal tract through up-regulation the expression of hBD-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26223251 PMCID: PMC4520058 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Dehydroandrographolide (DA) is one of major active components in the well-known oriental herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f) Nees which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. DA is used for the treatment of infections in China. However, DA has not been found to significantly inhibit bacterial and viral growth directly. The current study investigates the effect of DA on the expression of human β –defensin-2 (hBD-2) in human intestinal epithelial cells and the possible signaling pathways. Methods Human intestinal epithelial HCT-116 cells were incubated with 1–100 μM DA for 2–24 h. RT–PCR and Western blot were used to assess the expression of hBD-2. The specific inhibitors were used and the levels of phosphorylation of signaling molecules were detected for dissecting the signaling pathways leading to the induction of hBD-2. Results MTT assay showed there was no obvious cytotoxicity for HCT-116 cells by 1–100 μM DA treatment. RT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that DA (1–100 μM) could up-regulate the expression of hBD-2, and the effect lasted longer than 24 h. By using SB203580 and SB202190 (inhibitors of p38), the enhancement of hBD-2 expression were significantly attenuated. However, inhibitor of ERK and inhibitor of JNK could not block the effect of DA. Furthermore, Western blot found activation of p38 but not ERK and JNK in DA-treated HCT-116 cells. Conclusion The results suggested that DA enhanced innate immunity of intestinal tract by up-regulating the expression of hBD-2 through the p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bi Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Zhen-Jun Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China Medical Center, Preclinical and Forensic Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Liu X, Dandan Y, Di D, Yin T, Zhang S, Tang X. Dry state microcrystals stabilized by an HPMC film to improve the bioavailability of andrographolide. Int J Pharm 2015. [PMID: 26216414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to improve the in-vitro dissolution and the in-vivo bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, andrographolide (ADG). METHODS A wet-milled suspension was prepared using a Lab basket mill in the presence of a hydrophilic carrier solution and then it was layered on to MCC beads with a fluidized bed coater to obtain solidified pellets. Optical microscopy, particle size distribution investigation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used to characterize the wet-milled suspension. In addition, the ADG pellets were subjected to investigations involving scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as dissolution, accelerated stability and bioavailability measurements. RESULTS The particle size was significantly reduced (from 31.6 μm to 2.17 μm), however, the ADG in suspension retained its crystallinity as shown by the results of the DSC and PXRD investigations. The dissolution of the new pellets and commercial dripping pills was 95.6% and 48%, respectively, in pure water over 60 min. After a 6 month accelerated test (40°C and RH 75%), although the initial dissolution rate declined slightly, the overall dissolution of the new pellets within 60 min was almost as high as the freshly prepared pellets. In the in-vivo evaluation, the Cmax (87.54 ± 54.82 μg/L) and AUC(0-t) of the new pellets (495.86 ± 281.05 μg/Lh) were clearly higher than those of the dripping pills (30.88 ± 12.02 μg/L, 301.07 ± 133.85 μg/Lh), while the Tmax of the test preparation was shorter than that of the reference (1.38 h vs 3.29 h). CONCLUSION These results showed that the new core-shell structured pellets consisting of ADG microcrystalline particles and stabilized by HPMC alone, markedly improved the dissolution and bioavailability of andrographolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Dandan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Donghua Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Media, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Andrographolide enhances proliferation and prevents dedifferentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes: an in vitro study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:984850. [PMID: 25802548 PMCID: PMC4353662 DOI: 10.1155/2015/984850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the main active constituent of Andrographis paniculata that was applied in treatment of many diseases including inflammation in ancient China, andrographolide (ANDRO) was found to facilitate reduction of edema and analgesia in arthritis. This suggested that ANDRO may be promising anti-inflammatory agent to relieve destruction and degeneration of cartilage after inflammation. In this study, the effect of ANDRO on rabbit articular chondrocytes in vitro was investigated. Results showed that not more than 8 μM ANDRO did no harm to chondrocytes (P < 0.05). DNA content and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) /DNA were, respectively, improved in ANDRO groups comparing to the control (P < 0.05). ANDRO could promote expression of aggrecan, collagen II, and Sox9 genes while downregulating expression of collagen I gene (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hypertrophy that may result in chondrocyte ossification could not be detected in all groups (P > 0.05). The viability assay, hematoxylin-eosin, safranin O, and immunohistochemical staining also showed better performances in ANDRO groups. As to the doses, 3 μM ANDRO showed the best performance. The results indicate that ANDRO can accelerate proliferation of rabbit articular chondrocytes in vitro and meanwhile maintain the phenotype, which may provide valuable references for further exploration on arthritis.
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